FR2928583A1 - Transmission for electric machine to drive hybrid vehicle, has two step-down ratios engaged by actuator and by axial sliding of jaw clutch sleeve, and dead center integrating electric machine with wheels of hybrid vehicle - Google Patents
Transmission for electric machine to drive hybrid vehicle, has two step-down ratios engaged by actuator and by axial sliding of jaw clutch sleeve, and dead center integrating electric machine with wheels of hybrid vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- FR2928583A1 FR2928583A1 FR0851664A FR0851664A FR2928583A1 FR 2928583 A1 FR2928583 A1 FR 2928583A1 FR 0851664 A FR0851664 A FR 0851664A FR 0851664 A FR0851664 A FR 0851664A FR 2928583 A1 FR2928583 A1 FR 2928583A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION POUR MACHINE ELECTRIQUE DE VEHICULE HYBRIDE TRANSMISSION FOR ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE
La présente invention concerne une transmission d'une machine électrique, pour l'entraînement d'un véhicule hybride. Les véhicules hybrides comportent généralement une machine électrique reliée à un accumulateur électrique, associée à un moteur thermique pour optimiser le fonctionnement de ce moteur thermique. The present invention relates to a transmission of an electric machine, for driving a hybrid vehicle. Hybrid vehicles generally comprise an electric machine connected to an electric accumulator, associated with a heat engine to optimize the operation of this engine.
Suivant les demandes du conducteur et les conditions de circulation, on peut commander les deux motorisations pour notamment apporter avec la machine électrique un complément de couple moteur, recharger les batteries au freinage du véhicule en délivrant un couple de freinage, ou rouler uniquement avec le moteur électrique sans émettre de gaz polluants. According to the demands of the driver and the traffic conditions, the two engines can be controlled in particular to bring with the electric machine additional engine torque, recharge the batteries when braking the vehicle by delivering a braking torque, or only ride with the engine electric without emitting polluting gases.
On peut ainsi optimiser le fonctionnement du moteur thermique et réduire la consommation de carburant ainsi que les émissions de gaz polluants. Un type connu de véhicule hybride présenté notamment dans le document FR-A1-2723553, comporte un moteur thermique placé à l'avant du véhicule et entraînant les roues avant, ainsi qu'une machine électrique placée longitudinalement entre le train avant et arrière, entraînant directement par un différentiel suivant un rapport de démultiplication constant, le pont arrière du véhicule. Cette disposition permet de réaliser une transmission simple, reprenant un pont du type de ceux utilisés pour des véhicules aux roues arrière motrices. Seulement le fonctionnement de la machine électrique n'est pas optimisé. En effet, les véhicules automobiles pouvant rouler avec une vitesse élevée, il est nécessaire de prévoir une démultiplication de la transmission de la machine électrique, de manière à ce que cette machine puisse supporter la vitesse de rotation importante correspondante. II faut donc une démultiplication pas trop élevée, ce qui par ailleurs réduit le couple moteur que peut délivrer la machine électrique sur les roues, au démarrage du véhicule et aux très basses vitesses. Or il peut être intéressant de disposer d'un couple aux roues assez élevé pour le démarrage du véhicule, avec un appoint de couple fourni par la machine électrique, en particulier dans des conditions difficiles comme un démarrage dans une montée. II faut dans ce cas une démultiplication suffisamment élevée. Une même machine électrique peut difficilement être optimisée pour ces conditions de fonctionnement très différentes. This optimizes the operation of the engine and reduces fuel consumption and emissions of gaseous pollutants. A known type of hybrid vehicle presented in particular in the document FR-A1-2723553 comprises a heat engine placed at the front of the vehicle and driving the front wheels, and an electric machine placed longitudinally between the front and rear axle, causing directly by a differential in a constant gear ratio, the rear axle of the vehicle. This arrangement allows for a simple transmission, taking a bridge of the type used for vehicles with rear-wheel drive. Only the operation of the electric machine is not optimized. Indeed, motor vehicles can drive with a high speed, it is necessary to provide a reduction of the transmission of the electric machine, so that the machine can withstand the correspondingly high rotational speed. It therefore requires a gear not too high, which also reduces the engine torque that can deliver the electric machine on the wheels, the vehicle start and very low speeds. Or it may be interesting to have a wheel torque high enough for the start of the vehicle, with extra torque provided by the electric machine, especially in difficult conditions such as a start in a climb. In this case, the gear ratio must be sufficiently high. The same electrical machine can hardly be optimized for these very different operating conditions.
La présente invention a notamment pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients de la technique antérieure, et de proposer une transmission pour une machine électrique d'un véhicule hybride, permettant d'adapter les conditions de fonctionnement de cette machine suivant les exigences de la conduite. Elle propose à cet effet une transmission pour machine électrique de véhicule hybride, ce véhicule comportant un moteur thermique entraînant des roues motrices par une première transmission, et une machine électrique entraînant des roues par une deuxième transmission indépendante de la première, caractérisée en ce que cette transmission comporte au moins deux rapports de démultiplication, qui peuvent être engagés par un actionneur. The present invention is intended to avoid these disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a transmission for an electric machine of a hybrid vehicle, to adapt the operating conditions of this machine according to the requirements of the pipe. It proposes for this purpose a transmission for hybrid electric vehicle machine, this vehicle comprising a heat engine driving driving wheels by a first transmission, and an electric machine driving wheels by a second transmission independent of the first, characterized in that this transmission comprises at least two gear ratios, which can be engaged by an actuator.
Un avantage essentiel de cette transmission comportant au moins deux rapports, et que l'on peut à partir d'une même machine électrique fournir à la fois un fort couple aux basses vitesses avec une démultiplication importante de la transmission, et permettre des vitesses élevées du véhicule sans dépasser une vitesse de rotation maximale de la machine, avec une démultiplication plus faible. La transmission pour machine électrique selon l'invention peut en outre comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, qui peuvent être combinées entre elles. Avantageusement, la transmission comporte en plus des différents rapports de démultiplication, un point mort qui désolidarise la machine électrique des roues du véhicule. An essential advantage of this transmission comprising at least two ratios, and that one can from the same electrical machine provide both a high torque at low speeds with a significant reduction of the transmission, and allow high speeds of the transmission. vehicle without exceeding a maximum speed of rotation of the machine, with a lower gear ratio. The electric machine transmission according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other. Advantageously, the transmission comprises in addition to different gear ratios, a neutral position which disconnects the electric machine from the wheels of the vehicle.
Avantageusement, les rapports sont engagés par le coulissement axial d'un manchon qui solidarise un pignon libre avec son arbre, ce pignon libre formant un engrenage avec un autre pignon fixé sur un arbre parallèle. La machine électrique peut être directement liée à un premier arbre comportant les pignons fixes, qui engrènent avec les pignons libres portés par un deuxième arbre. Suivant une variante, la transmission comporte deux rapports de démultiplication commandés par un même manchon. Avantageusement, le quotient entre les deux rapports de démultiplication est compris entre 3 et 5. Selon un premier mode de réalisation, la transmission comporte un différentiel disposé sur le même axe que la machine électrique, qui comprend un arbre creux traversé par un arbre de roue lié à ce différentiel. Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, la transmission comporte un arbre de la machine électrique qui est latéralement décalé par rapport à l'axe du différentiel. Avantageusement, la synchronisation de la vitesse de la machine électrique préalable à l'engagement d'un rapport de démultiplication, est accomplie par une commande électrique de la vitesse de rotation de cette machine, sans utiliser de dispositif de synchronisation par frottement. L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après donnée à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est un diagramme présentant la demande de couple délivré aux roues par une machine électrique, en fonction de leur vitesse de rotation, avec une transmission selon l'art antérieur comportant un rapport unique ; - la figure 2 est un diagramme présentant le couple correspondant, qui doit être délivré par la machine électrique en fonction de sa vitesse de rotation ; - la figure 3 présente de manière schématique une machine électrique entraînant un essieu, avec une transmission selon l'invention ; - la figure 4 présente en coupe axiale, une vue détaillée d'une transmission selon l'invention, suivant une variante ; et - la figure 5 est un diagramme présentant un couple délivré aux roues par une machine électrique, en fonction de leur vitesse de rotation, avec une transmission selon l'invention. La figure 1 représente sur un diagramme un couple Cr en mN appliqué sur les roues, en fonction de la vitesse de rotation Vr en tr/mn, des roues d'un véhicule hybride. Le couple Cr est le couple demandé en provenance d'une machine électrique, qui vient en complément d'un couple délivré par le moteur thermique pour un fonctionnement optimisé de ce moteur. On souhaite aux basses vitesses du véhicule, pour une vitesse de rotation de la roue inférieure à 200 tr/mn, soit une vitesse du véhicule inférieure à environ 25 km/h, obtenir un couple de l'ordre de 1500 mN qui permet de décoller un véhicule à l'arrêt et de rouler à ces faibles vitesses, même sur une pente. Ensuite à partir de cette vitesse de 25 km/h, on souhaite obtenir un couple qui descende d'abord rapidement, puis moins vite pour tendre vers un couple nul. Pour les vitesses de rotation élevées de la roue, soit environ 1670 tr/mn correspondant à une vitesse du véhicule de 200 km/h, le couple délivré demandé est d'environ 150 mN. Cette courbe Cr décroissante est sensiblement inversement proportionnelle à la vitesse de rotation Vr, ce qui donne une puissance délivrée par la machine électrique sensiblement constante, correspondant à sa puissance maximale. Advantageously, the ratios are engaged by the axial sliding of a sleeve which secures a free pinion with its shaft, this free pinion forming a gear with another pinion fixed on a parallel shaft. The electric machine can be directly linked to a first shaft having the fixed gears, which meshes with the free pinions carried by a second shaft. According to a variant, the transmission comprises two gear ratios controlled by the same sleeve. Advantageously, the quotient between the two gear ratios is between 3 and 5. According to a first embodiment, the transmission comprises a differential disposed on the same axis as the electric machine, which comprises a hollow shaft traversed by a wheel shaft. related to this differential. According to a second embodiment, the transmission comprises a shaft of the electric machine which is laterally offset with respect to the axis of the differential. Advantageously, the synchronization of the speed of the electric machine prior to the engagement of a gear ratio, is accomplished by an electrical control of the rotational speed of this machine, without using a friction synchronization device. The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will emerge more clearly on reading the following description given by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram presenting the application torque delivered to the wheels by an electric machine, depending on their speed of rotation, with a transmission according to the prior art having a single ratio; - Figure 2 is a diagram showing the corresponding torque to be delivered by the electric machine according to its rotational speed; - Figure 3 shows schematically an electric machine driving an axle, with a transmission according to the invention; - Figure 4 shows in axial section, a detailed view of a transmission according to the invention, according to a variant; and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a torque delivered to the wheels by an electric machine, as a function of their speed of rotation, with a transmission according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows in a diagram a torque Cr in mN applied to the wheels, as a function of the rotational speed Vr in rpm, of the wheels of a hybrid vehicle. The torque Cr is the requested torque from an electric machine, which comes in addition to a torque delivered by the engine for optimized operation of this engine. It is desired at low vehicle speeds, for a rotational speed of the wheel of less than 200 rpm, ie a vehicle speed of less than about 25 km / h, to obtain a torque of about 1500 mN which makes it possible to take off. a vehicle at a standstill and drive at these low speeds, even on a slope. Then from this speed of 25 km / h, it is desired to obtain a torque that descends quickly first, then less quickly to tend to a zero torque. For the high rotational speeds of the wheel, ie about 1670 rpm corresponding to a vehicle speed of 200 km / h, the requested torque requested is about 150 mN. This decreasing Cr curve is substantially inversely proportional to the rotation speed Vr, which gives a power output by the substantially constant electrical machine, corresponding to its maximum power.
La figure 2 représente sur un diagramme un couple Cmel en mN, délivré par une machine électrique correspondant à la demande ci-dessus, en fonction de sa vitesse de rotation Vmel en tr/mn. On considère une machine électrique dont la vitesse maximum est limitée par construction à 12000 tr/mn, ce qui impose un rapport de démultiplication de la transmission entre cette machine et les roues, de 7,2. FIG. 2 represents on a diagram a pair Cmel in mN, delivered by an electric machine corresponding to the above request, as a function of its rotation speed Vmel in rpm. Considering an electric machine whose maximum speed is limited by construction to 12000 rpm, which imposes a ratio of reduction of the transmission between this machine and the wheels, 7.2.
La courbe Cmel de la machine électrique reste proportionnelle à celle Cr du couple délivré sur la roue, suivant un rapport constant. Pour obtenir le couple demandé aux basses vitesses, il faut alors que cette machine électrique délivre un couple de 208 mN. The curve Cmel of the electric machine remains proportional to that Cr of the torque delivered on the wheel, in a constant ratio. To obtain the requested torque at low speeds, it is then necessary that this electric machine delivers a torque of 208 mN.
Les deux impératifs sur une même machine, de couple élevé aux basses vitesses de rotation, et de vitesse de rotation maximale élevée, sont difficilement réalisables dans un même moteur d'un véhicule hybride. La figure 3 présente une machine électrique 10 disposée parallèlement à l'essieu d'un véhicule, entraînant par une transmission à deux rapports 11, une couronne dentée 12 liée à un différentiel 14. Ce différentiel 14 répartit le mouvement et entraîne deux roues motrices 18, par des arbres de roues 16. La machine électrique 10 se trouve en bout d'un arbre d'entrée 2 comportant deux pignons fixes 4, 6, entraînant chacun par engrènement suivant deux rapports de démultiplication différents, un pignon 5, 7 monté libre sur un arbre parallèle intermédiaire 8. Un manchon de crabotage 9 se trouve axialement entre ces deux pignons libres 5, 7, pour les solidariser alternativement avec l'arbre intermédiaire 8, qui entraîne par un pignon la couronne dentée 12. La machine électrique 10 se trouve latéralement déportée par rapport à l'axe du différentiel 14. La figure 4 détaille une transmission 31 intégrée dans un carter 34, comportant un arbre d'entrée 20 creux supporté par deux roulements, qui est lié à la machine électrique 10 se trouvant axialement placé en bout. La machine électrique 10 comporte aussi un arbre creux dont le creux axial prolonge celui de l'arbre d'entrée 20. L'arbre d'entrée 20 entraîne suivant deux rapports un arbre parallèle intermédiaire 22, lui-même entraînant à son tour un différentiel 40 disposé sur le même axe que l'arbre d'entrée 20. L'arbre d'entrée 20 peut être relié à l'arbre intermédiaire 22 par deux couples de pignons 24, 26 et 28, 30, formant chacun un engrenage transmettant le mouvement d'un arbre à l'autre suivant deux rapports de démultiplication correspondant à deux rapports de vitesse. The two imperatives on the same machine, high torque at low speeds of rotation, and high maximum rotation speed, are difficult to achieve in the same engine of a hybrid vehicle. FIG. 3 shows an electric machine 10 arranged parallel to the axle of a vehicle, driving, by a two-speed transmission 11, a ring gear 12 connected to a differential 14. This differential 14 distributes the movement and drives two drive wheels 18 The electric machine 10 is at the end of an input shaft 2 having two fixed gears 4, 6, each driving by meshing in two different gear ratios, a pinion 5, 7 mounted free. on an intermediate parallel shaft 8. A clutch sleeve 9 is located axially between these two idle gears 5, 7, to join them alternately with the intermediate shaft 8, which drives by a pinion the ring gear 12. The electric machine 10 is is located laterally offset from the axis of the differential 14. Figure 4 details a transmission 31 integrated in a housing 34, having a hollow input shaft 20 supported by two bearings, which is connected to the electrical machine 10 being located axially at the end. The electric machine 10 also comprises a hollow shaft whose axial recess extends that of the input shaft 20. The input shaft 20 drives in two ratios an intermediate parallel shaft 22, itself causing in turn a differential 40 on the same axis as the input shaft 20. The input shaft 20 can be connected to the intermediate shaft 22 by two pairs of pinions 24, 26 and 28, 30, each forming a gear transmitting the movement from one tree to another following two gear ratios corresponding to two gear ratios.
Chaque pignon moteur 24, 28 des engrenages est solidaire de l'arbre d'entrée 20, alors que chaque pignon récepteur 26, 30 monté libre en rotation sur l'arbre intermédiaire 22, peut être rendu solidaire de cet arbre par un manchon de crabot 32 coulissant axialement. Le manchon de crabot 32 est commandé par une fourchette non représentée, liée à un actionneur piloté par un calculateur de contrôle de la transmission. Entre les deux positions axiales d'extrémité du manchon de crabot 32, engageant alternativement un rapport ou l'autre, le manchon peut rester dans une position centrale de point mort représentée sur la figure, ou aucun rapport n'est engagé. La machine électrique est alors découplée des roues 18 du véhicule. L'arbre intermédiaire 22 comporte un pignon 42 qui est en prise avec une couronne 12, portée par un boîtier du différentiel 40 guidé dans le carter 34 par deux roulements, cet engrenage réalisant une forte démultiplication. Each gear wheel 24, 28 of the gears is integral with the input shaft 20, while each pinion receiver 26, 30 mounted to rotate freely on the intermediate shaft 22, can be secured to this shaft by a clutch sleeve 32 sliding axially. The clutch sleeve 32 is controlled by a not shown fork, linked to an actuator controlled by a control computer transmission. Between the two axial end positions of the clutch sleeve 32, alternately engaging a gear or the other, the sleeve may remain in a central neutral position shown in the figure, where no gear is engaged. The electric machine is then decoupled from the wheels 18 of the vehicle. The intermediate shaft 22 comprises a pinion 42 which is engaged with a ring 12, carried by a differential housing 40 guided in the housing 34 by two bearings, this gear achieving a high reduction.
Le différentiel 40 comporte dans son boîtier des pignons non représentés, transmettant le mouvement suivant une certaine répartition variable de la vitesse, vers deux arbres de roues non représentés, disposés suivant l'axe de l'arbre d'entrée 20. Un arbre de roue sort d'un côté de la transmission 31 directement hors du carter 34, alors que l'autre arbre de roue sort de la transmission de l'autre côté en traversant l'arbre d'entrée creux 20 et la machine électrique 10, pour déboucher axialement hors de cette machine. On réalise ainsi une transmission compacte, avec un bon rendement, proposant deux rapports de transmission ainsi qu'un point mort, dont la machine électrique peut être disposée d'une manière connue suivant certains types de véhicules hybrides ou électriques, entre les roues entraînées et suivant le même axe que les arbres de roues. La synchronisation de la vitesse de la machine électrique avant le crabotage d'un rapport, peut se faire sans utiliser de dispositif de synchronisation par friction, dispositif qui peut comprendre des cônes de frottement intégrés dans le manchon de passage, ou des disques de frottement. On peut piloter directement la vitesse de cette machine par le calculateur de contrôle de la transmission, pour ajuster cette vitesse lors d'un passage suivant la vitesse cible à atteindre pour engager le nouveau rapport. Le passage des vitesses peut se faire avec un type d'actionneur connu, à commande électrique, hydraulique ou pneumatique, piloté par le calculateur de contrôle de la transmission. Dans le cas d'un manchon de crabot 32 sans dispositif de synchronisation, un simple actionneur fonctionnant en tout ou rien peut suffire. La figure 5 représente sur un diagramme un couple Cr en mN, appliqué sur les roues par une machine électrique liée à une transmission à deux rapports, en fonction de la vitesse de rotation Vr en tr/mn des roues du véhicule. On a un deuxième rapport à faible démultiplication d'environ 7,2, correspondant au rapport présenté figure 1, et permettant au véhicule de rouler à une vitesse maximale de 200 km/h avec une vitesse du moteur d'environ 1670 tr/mn. Entre environ 70 km/h et la vitesse maximale, on reste sur ce deuxième rapport en utilisant la zone de fonctionnement 50. Pour les vitesses plus faibles, inférieures à 70 km/h, on passe sur le premier rapport en utilisant la zone de fonctionnement 52, comportant une forte démultiplication d'environ 20, permettant de délivrer un couple aux roues maximal de 1500 mN à partir d'une machine électrique fournissant un couple de 75 mN. En particulier, un quotient de division entre les deux rapports de démultiplication compris entre 3 et 5, qui est ici précisément de 3,6, permet de répondre aux différentes conditions de fonctionnement. De cette manière on peut limiter la taille, le poids et la puissance de la machine électrique, en adaptant son point de fonctionnement. Ceci permet de réduire aussi la taille des différents composants qui lui sont liés, notamment la commande électronique et les accumulateurs électriques qui l'alimentent. The differential 40 comprises in its case not shown gears, transmitting the movement according to a certain variable distribution of speed, to two unrepresented wheel shafts, arranged along the axis of the input shaft 20. A wheel shaft on one side of the transmission 31 directly out of the housing 34, while the other wheel shaft leaves the transmission on the other side through the hollow input shaft 20 and the electric machine 10, to unclog axially out of this machine. This produces a compact transmission, with good efficiency, proposing two transmission ratios and a neutral, whose electric machine can be arranged in a known manner according to certain types of hybrid or electric vehicles, between the driven wheels and along the same axis as the wheel shafts. The synchronization of the speed of the electric machine before the interconnection of a gear can be done without using a friction synchronization device, which device may comprise friction cones integrated in the passage sleeve, or friction discs. The speed of this machine can be controlled directly by the control computer of the transmission, to adjust this speed during a passage according to the target speed to be reached to engage the new gear. The shifting can be done with a known type of actuator, electrically controlled, hydraulic or pneumatic, controlled by the control computer transmission. In the case of a clutch sleeve 32 without synchronization device, a simple actuator operating in all or nothing can suffice. FIG. 5 represents on a diagram a pair Cr in mN, applied to the wheels by an electric machine linked to a two-speed transmission, as a function of the rotation speed Vr in rpm of the wheels of the vehicle. There is a second low-gear ratio of about 7.2, corresponding to the ratio shown in Figure 1, and allowing the vehicle to run at a maximum speed of 200 km / h with an engine speed of about 1670 rpm. Between about 70 km / h and the maximum speed, one remains on this second report by using the operating zone 50. For the lower speeds, lower than 70 km / h, one passes on the first report by using the zone of operation 52, having a high reduction of about 20, to deliver a maximum wheel torque of 1500 mN from an electrical machine providing a torque of 75 mN. In particular, a division quotient between the two reduction ratios of between 3 and 5, which is here precisely 3.6, makes it possible to respond to the different operating conditions. In this way one can limit the size, the weight and the power of the electric machine, by adapting its point of operation. This also reduces the size of the various components that are related to it, including the electronic control and the electric accumulators that feed it.
De plus dans le cas d'une utilisation du moteur thermique seul, on peut en passant la transmission au point mort, rouler en limitant les pertes d'énergie dues aux frottements et à l'inertie de la machine électrique. Moreover, in the case of use of the heat engine alone, it is possible to pass the transmission in neutral, to roll while limiting the energy losses due to the friction and the inertia of the electric machine.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0851664A FR2928583B1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | TRANSMISSION FOR ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0851664A FR2928583B1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | TRANSMISSION FOR ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE. |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| FR2928583A1 true FR2928583A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 |
| FR2928583B1 FR2928583B1 (en) | 2012-07-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| FR0851664A Expired - Fee Related FR2928583B1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | TRANSMISSION FOR ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE. |
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| FR (1) | FR2928583B1 (en) |
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| CN102815208A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-12 | 格特拉格传动机构和齿轮工厂赫尔曼·哈根迈尔有限公司&两合公司 | Motor vehicle drive train |
| WO2014005698A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Audi Ag | Drive device for motor vehicles, in particular decouplable drive systems |
| WO2014037491A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | Iveco S.P.A. | Hybrid vehicle comprising a torque distributor |
| FR3008650A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-23 | Technoboost | HYBRID VEHICLE |
| EP2873543A1 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-20 | Hyundai Wia Corporation | Driving device for rear wheels of 4 wheel driving electric vehicle |
| CN104648140A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-27 | 现代威亚株式会社 | Drive device applied to rear wheel of four-wheel drive electric vehicle |
| US9061577B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2015-06-23 | Hyundai Wia Corporation | Driving device for rear wheels of four wheel driving electric vehicle |
| DE102018203206A1 (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Switching method for an electric drive system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102815208B (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2015-06-03 | 格特拉格传动机构和齿轮工厂赫尔曼·哈根迈尔有限公司&两合公司 | Motor vehicle drive train |
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| WO2014037491A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | Iveco S.P.A. | Hybrid vehicle comprising a torque distributor |
| US9499049B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2016-11-22 | Iveco S.P.A. | Hybrid vehicle comprising a torque distributor |
| FR3008650A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-23 | Technoboost | HYBRID VEHICLE |
| US9061577B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2015-06-23 | Hyundai Wia Corporation | Driving device for rear wheels of four wheel driving electric vehicle |
| CN104648140A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-27 | 现代威亚株式会社 | Drive device applied to rear wheel of four-wheel drive electric vehicle |
| EP2873543A1 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-20 | Hyundai Wia Corporation | Driving device for rear wheels of 4 wheel driving electric vehicle |
| CN104648140B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2017-06-27 | 现代威亚株式会社 | For the drive device of the trailing wheel of four-wheel driving electric vehicle |
| DE102018203206A1 (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Switching method for an electric drive system |
| US10960889B2 (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2021-03-30 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Gear-shifting method for an electric drive system |
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| FR2928583B1 (en) | 2012-07-06 |
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