EP3014070A2 - Device for sinking a shaft and method for sinking a shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and to a method for sinking a shaft (1). During a sinking cycle, a support unit (2) is moved once and a boring unit (3) is moved at least twice by means of support cylinders (11) and displacement cylinders (13). Due to said configuration, an efficient sinking operation is obtained.

Description

 Device for sinking a shaft

 and

 Method for sinking a shaft

The invention relates to a device for sinking a shaft according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for sinking a shaft.

A generic apparatus and method for sinking a manhole are known from US-A-4,646,853. The generic device has a carrier unit rear-side arranged in the lowering direction and a drilling unit arranged on the front side in the direction of lowering. The carrier unit and the drilling unit are connected to each other via a number of working in Abteufrichtung carrier cylinders. The drilling unit includes a number of radial and axial bracing brace modules, a number of down-dip shift cylinders, and a drill head connected to the shift cylinders and configured for tensioning the shaft in tension-activated brace modules. Furthermore, the generic device is equipped with security modules, which are mounted on the support unit and are set up for the radial and axial clamping of the support unit temporarily in alternation with the bracing of the drilling unit.

When drilling a shaft a Abteufzyklus begins with the fact that the Verspannmodule and the fuse modules for clamping the drilling unit and the carrier unit are activated. The carrying cylinders are fully extended while the shift cylinders are retracted. After commissioning of the drill head drive the Maximum displacement cylinder until the maximum depth of immersion during a Abteufzyklus is reached. Subsequently, the displacement cylinders fully retract and lift the drill head. Then the fuse modules are deactivated and the carrying cylinders retracted, so that the carrier unit lowers while the drilling unit is still braced. Subsequently, the fuse modules are activated again, so that the carrier unit is braced. Now the Verspannmodule be disabled and thus released drilling unit is lowered by extending the carrying cylinder. Subsequently, the clamping modules are again activated for axial and radial clamping of the drilling unit, so that a new Abteufzyklus can begin.

The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned above and a method for sinking a shaft, with which a shaft can be lowered efficiently.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a device of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

This object is further achieved by a method for sinking a shaft having the features of claim 8. According to the invention, it is now possible to carry out at least two feed strokes of the drilling unit between two lowering strokes of the support unit, which is attached only hanging in the device according to the invention and in particular not braced in the axial direction, which keeps the set-up times between successive removal cycles relatively short.

Further expedient embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Further expedient refinements and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures of the drawing. Show it:

1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention at the beginning of a Abteufzyklus with a carrier unit and with a drilling unit, which are minimally spaced from each other,

2 is a schematic side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with a boring head of the drilling unit, which is pushed forward in the lowering direction relative to the arrangement according to FIG.

3 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1 lowered over carrying cylinder drilling unit and a relative to the arrangement of FIG. 2 retracted drill head,

4 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a starting from the arrangement of FIG. 3 corresponding to the arrangement of FIG. 2 in Abteufrichtung by means of the displacement cylinders advanced drill head,

5 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 at the beginning of a next Abteufzyklus with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1 in the total direction in Abteufrichtung offset carrier unit and drilling unit, 6 is a schematic side view of a development of the embodiment of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, which is adapted for lining the shaft wall of the shaft with tubbing,

7 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 6 during the final assembly of a tubbing ring,

8 is a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a device according to the invention with a conveying vessel having a conveyor unit,

Fig. 9 in a sectional view of the embodiment according to

 8,

1 0 in a further sectional view through the carrier unit, the embodiment of FIG. 8,

1 1 is a schematic side view of a development of the embodiment of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 8 to FIG. 1 0 with a delivery unit having two delivery vessels, FIG.

1 2 in a sectional view through a carrier unit, the development according to FIG. 1 1 with an aligned to a bucket pivot chute,

1 3 in a sectional view through the carrier unit, the development according to FIG. 1 1 with the aligned to the other bucket pivoting chute, 14 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is formed with a hydraulic conveyor unit,

Fig. 15 in a sectional view of the embodiment according to

 Fig. 14 and

FIG. 16 shows a further sectional view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 14. FIG.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of an inventive device for sinking a main shaft 1 as a shaft in a substantially vertically running and the direction of gravity following Abteufrichtung. The carrier element 2 has a number of shaft platforms 4, 5, 6, 7 which extend radially over the largest area of the shaft Cross-section of the main shaft 1 extend and are arranged in the direction of removal in the direction of removal in the direction of disposal in accordance with the intended arrangement in the main shaft. Radial stabilizers 8 are provided for stabilizing the carrier unit 2 in the radial direction. A group of radial stabilizers 8 are mounted on the shaft bottom side shaft platform 4 next to the drilling unit 3. Another group of radial stabilizers 8 is attached to struts 9, which extend between the bay bottom side shaft platform 4 furthest lying shaft mouth side shaft platform 7 and one of the shaft bottom side shaft platform 7 adjacent intermediate shaft platform 6 and are connected thereto. The radial stabilizers 8 are only adapted to stabilize the carrier unit 2 against movement in the radial direction without play. However, the radial stabilizers 8 are not adapted to brace the carrier unit 2 in the sense in the radial and axial direction of the main shaft 1 that the carrier unit 2 during operation of the drilling unit 3 for sinking the main shaft 1, the drilling unit 3 stabilizing forces in the radial and axial Can accommodate direction. On the shaft bottom side shaft platform 4 a number of sides 1 0 a suspension unit is further attached, extending through the main shaft 1 of the support unit 2 away.

A number of carrying cylinders 1 1 operating in the lowering direction are mounted on the shaft-side shaft platform 4 opposite the drilling unit 3, which extend away from the shaft-base-side shaft platform 4 in the direction of the drilling unit 3 and are connected to the drilling unit 3. The drilling unit 3 has a support frame 1 2, to which on the one hand the support cylinder 1 1 and on the other working in Abteufrichtung shift cylinder 1 3 are mounted, which extend away from the shaft bottom side shaft platform 7 in the direction of a drill head 1 4 of the drilling unit 3 and with connected to this.

1 that the drilling unit 3 is equipped with a number of bracing modules 1 5, which engage the drilling unit 3 on a drilling platform 1 6 and are provided with bracing cylinders 1 7, which extend in the radial direction extend radially inwardly connected to the drilling platform 1 6 and radially au ßenseitig with clamping plates 1 8 are provided. The clamping modules 1 5 are adapted to the drilling purity 3 to clamp radially and axially such that substantially all forces generated during operation of the drilling unit 3 for sinking the main shaft 1 in particular by the drill head 1 4 are absorbed by the drilling unit 3.

Advantageously, the drilling unit 3 has an outer sealing collar 19, which can be adapted to the cross section of the main shaft 1 in the radial direction, if necessary while maintaining a minimal residual gap, which is harmless for safety reasons, and the drilling unit 3 in the region of the drilling platform 16 against the carrier unit 2 radially closes.

The drill head 1 4 is equipped with a number of drive motors 20, with which a rotary drive 21, which is stabilized by a support cylinder 22, for rotating about an axis extending in parallel to Abteufrichtung axis of rotation can be driven. The rotary drive 21 is mounted relative to the drilling platform 16 with a drill head drive bearing 23 and has a number of drive arms 24 which extend between the rotary drive 21 and a mining bevel gear 25. The mining bevel gear 25 has in its from the rotary drive 23 furthest spaced area via a discharge opening 25 '.

The mining bevel gear 25 is equipped with a number of removal tools 26 and extends in the direction of down along a complementary cone-shaped main shaft bottom 27 of radially Au Shen of the drilling platform 1 6 pioneering in the arrangement of FIG. 1 to a relative to the main shaft 1 in cross section The discharge opening 25 'opens into the feed chute 29, so that material degraded by the drill head 1 4 can be conveyed away via the feed chute 29. The delivery chute 25' opens into the advance chute 29 in an extension of the main shaft 1 from a main shaft mouth 28 in the lowering direction. Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of a device according to the invention at the beginning of a Abteufzyklus in an axial cycle start position in which in this embodiment, the support cylinder 1 1 and the displacement cylinder 1 3 are in a maximum retracted Einfahrstellung, so that the support unit 2 and the drilling unit. 3 with the shaft bottom side shaft platform 4 and the drilling platform 1 6 in an absolute minimum distance.

The position of the carrier unit 2 in the direction of departure at the beginning of a removal cycle is shown in FIG. 1 and the following figures by a dot-dash line 31 whose absolute position is left unchanged.

At the beginning of a Abteufzyklus the drilling unit 3 in the axial and radial direction by means of Verspannmodule 1 5 by extending the Verspannzylinder 1 7 and pressing the Verspannplatten 1 8 clamped to the main shaft inner wall 30 of the main shaft 1 such that during operation of the drill head 1 4 in the radial and axially acting forces are substantially completely absorbed by the drilling unit 3.

Subsequently, the drill head 1 4 of the drilling unit 3 is set to deepen the main shaft 1 in operation. Depending on the rate of degradation in the direction of downhill drive the displacement cylinder 1 3 of the drilling unit 3 in Abteufrichtung.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in a stage of the removal cycle in which the displacement cylinders 13 with the drill head 1 4 are now in an extended position in a prebent position. In the illustrated embodiment, this extended position corresponds to the maximum stroke of the displacement cylinder 1 3. The altitude of the carrier gereinheit 2 is unchanged in the arrangement of FIG. 2 relative to the arrangement of FIG.

Fig. 3 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a relation to the arrangement of FIG. 2 further stage of a Abteufzyklus, which has been assumed that the Verspannmodule 1 5 starting from the arrangement of FIG. 2 of the main shaft inner wall 30 through Retracting the Verspannzylinder 1 7 have been solved, then the carrying cylinder 1 1 extended while advancing the drilling unit 3 with the drill head 1 4 to an extended position and the shift cylinder 1 3 have retracted while retracting the drill head 1 4 to a retracted position. In the illustrated embodiment, the extended position shown in Fig. 4 of the support cylinder 1 1 corresponds to the maximum stroke of the support cylinder 1 first Subsequently, the drilling unit 3 was clamped again by means of the Verspannmodule 1 5 by extending the Verspannzylinder 1 7 with system of Verspannplatten 1 8 at the main shaft inner wall 1 3. Starting from the arrangement of FIG. 3, the drill head 1 4 is put back into operation, and the displacement cylinder 1 3 are extended according to the Abteufgeschwindigkeit in Abteufrichtung again to an extended position. Fig. 4 shows a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 at the end of a Abteufzyklus, in which still unchanged position of the carrier unit 2 according to the arrangement of FIG. 1, the displacement cylinder 1 3 with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 3 again in a here are the maximum extended extension position.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 at the beginning of the next Abteufzyklus, for what against the arrangement of FIG. 1, the carrier unit 2 has now been lowered by the sum of the extension strokes of the carrying cylinder 1 1 and the displacement cylinder 1 3 by tracking the side of the suspension unit 1 in Abteufrichtung.

The lowering of the carrier unit 2 and the drilling unit 3 with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1 is clearly visible in Fig. 5 by the distance of the shaft mouth side shaft platform 7 of the reference line 31.

In a modified embodiment, the device according to the invention is adapted to move the carrying cylinder 1 1 over a plurality of intermediate positions of a maximum retracted retraction position to a maximum extended extension position before the carrier unit 2 is lowered in Abteufrichtung.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of a further development of the exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, wherein in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5 and in the development according to FIG provided with the same reference numerals and their operation in performing the explained with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 method for avoiding repetition are not further explained in the following. The development according to FIG. 6 is set up to cover the main shaft inner wall 30 with tubbing elements 32, which are backed by a backfill 33, which is preferably formed by concrete. For this purpose, the further development according to FIG. 6 has a tubbing mounting ring 34 equipped radially on the outside with an inflatable tubbing mounting sealing ring, which is mounted on the drilling platform 16 and with which, as shown in FIG. Gelemente 32 can be positioned via radial positioning cylinder 35 in the radial direction.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic side view of the development according to FIG. 6 with tubbing elements 32 lying on the side of the tubing, which are pressed against the removal direction in the axial direction against the tubbing elements 32 already assembled in the removal direction by means of axial positional cylinders 36. Furthermore, in the illustration according to FIG. 7 it can be seen that by means of a supply line 37 the material for the backfilling 33, preferably liquid concrete, after inflation of the tubbing sealing ring for sealing axially downwards between the tubbing elements 32 held by the axial position cylinders 36 and the main shaft inner wall 30 can be fed.

8 shows a schematic side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention, wherein in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 and in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5 mutually corresponding elements are provided with the same reference symbols and the procedure when drilling a shaft in the further part not further explained. The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5 and from the development according to FIGS. 6 and 7 in that the drill head 1 4 is closed in the region of the main shaft bottom 27.

For conveying away material degraded by the drill head 1 4, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 is equipped with a delivery unit which has a suction line 38 which opens into the main shaft side deepest region of the mining bevel gear 25 and moves away from the drilling unit 3 into the carrier unit 2 stretches. On the side facing away from the drilling unit 3, the suction line 38 opens into a suction container 39 of the conveyor unit, which is arranged in the carrier unit 2. At its drilling unit 3 end facing the suction container 38 is provided with a pivotable ejector flap 40 and equipped with a stationary Stationärschurre 41, which opens into a movable in the axial direction of the conveying vessel 42. When the ejection flap 40 is opened, material accumulated in the suction container 39 can thus be transferred into the conveying vessel 42 and can be removed via the conveying vessel 42 from the main shaft 1.

At the end of the suction container 39 remote from the drilling unit 3, there is one end of a Y-type connecting line 43 of the conveying unit, which opens with its two other ends into a first suction fan 44 and a second suction fan 45. A relative negative pressure can be generated by means of the suction fans 44, 45, by means of which the material accumulating in the removal operation via the suction line 38 and the suction container 39 can be removed from the sole region of the main shaft 1 as the only shaft here.

9 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 8 in a sectional view in the plane IX-IX according to FIG. 8. From FIG. 9 it can be seen that for the conveying vessel 42, not shown in FIG. 9, there is a conveying vessel guide cage 46 in order to receive the Guide container 42 in the axial direction. Furthermore, it can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 9 that the shaft-side conveying platform 4 carries a number of operating means such as a shotcrete container 47, a control cabin 48, an electrical cabinet 49 and a hydraulic unit 50. Furthermore, a ventilation line 51 can be seen in FIG. 9, via which fresh air can be supplied to the main shaft 1. Furthermore, it can be seen particularly clearly from the illustration according to FIG. 9 that the carrier unit 2 has a plurality of cables

1 0 is suspended, which are anchored with their shaft-side ends in the shaft-zone side shaft platform 4.

FIG. 10 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 8 in a sectional view in the plane XX of FIG. 8. From FIG subsidized material can be reliably removed from the main shaft 1.

1 1 shows a development of the exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention explained with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10, wherein in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10 and in the development according to FIG provided the same reference numerals and further explained in part, not in detail again. The development according to FIG. 1 1 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10 in that the delivery unit has a first delivery vessel 52 and a second delivery vessel 53, which is shown in broken lines in the illustration according to FIG. are present, which are alternately positionable in the carrier unit 2 during operation for the efficient picking up of material from the suction container 38. For loading the conveying vessels 52, 53, a pivotable pivoting chute 54 is provided, which can be aligned either with the first conveying vessel 52 or the second conveying vessel 53.

Fig. 1 2 shows in a section along the plane Xl l-Xl l of FIG.

1 1 in a sectional view of the development according to FIG. 1 1 with the pivot chute 54 in a direction aligned with the first delivery vessel 52 position. In this orientation, now the first delivery vessel 52 with material from the suction container 39 can be charged. FIG. 11 shows the further development according to FIG. 11 in a section in the plane X11-X11 according to FIG. 11 with a second conveying vessel 53 now arranged in the region of the carrier unit 2 and a pivoting chute 54 oriented on the second conveying vessel 53 In this orientation of the pivoting chute 54, the second conveying vessel 53 can now be filled with material from the suction container 39 and removed by extending the second conveying vessel 53, while the first conveying vessel 52, not shown in FIG. 13, returns to the arrangement according to FIG returns.

Fig. 1 4 shows in a sectional view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is alternatively equipped to the above-described embodiments with a pneumatically operating conveyor unit with a hydraulically operating conveyor unit. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 4, a main conveyor line 55 is present, which ends with one end in the region of the drill head 1 4 and with the means of a likewise arranged in the region of the drill head 1 4 main feed pump 56 in the region of the drill head 1 4 existing fluid 57 from - is pumpable.

The end facing away from the drill head 1 4 of the main conveyor line 55 terminates in a desander 58, with the larger components contained in the conveyed liquid 57 discharged from the region of the drill head 1 4 as coarse-grain discharge 59 in an intermediate bunker 60 can be discharged. From the intermediate bunker 60, the coarse-grained discharge 59 for removal from the main shaft 1 in a conveying vessel 42 can be transferred. The discharged from the region of the drill head 1 4, freed from the larger components conveying fluid 57 is transferred to a desander 58 downstream collecting container 61 and by means of a shaft feed pump 62 via a shaft conveyor line 63 from the main shaft 1 away.

A shaft return line 64 and a main return line 65 which opens in the region of the drill head 1 4 serve to feed the conveying fluid 57 into the region of the drill head 1 4.

1 5 shows that the coarse-grained discharge 59 via a stationary chute 41 from the intermediate bunker 60 into the delivery vessel 42. FIG is convertible.

1 6 shows in a sectional view along the line XVI-XVI the embodiment according to FIG. 1 4. It can be seen from FIG. 16 that the coarse-grained discharge 59 falls freely into the intermediate bunker 60 which is open in the direction of the sender 58 ,

Claims

Device for sinking a shaft, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 7 to 10, with a carrier unit (2) arranged at the rear in the lowering direction and with a drilling unit (3) arranged at the front in the lowering direction, wherein the carrier unit (2) and the drilling unit (3) are interconnected by a number of downhole support cylinders (1 1), and wherein the drilling unit (3) comprises a number of radial and axial bracing modules (15), a number of downhill displacement cylinders (13), and a Drill head (14) which is connected to the displacement cylinders (13) and is arranged for clamping the tensioning modules (15) for deepening of the shaft (1), characterized in that the carrier unit (2) with only one axial, in the direction the drilling unit (3) pointing effective direction having hanger unit (10) is connected to the Trägereinh (2) is axially positionable against gravity at various axial cycle start positions. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension unit comprises a number of cables (10) which are connected to the carrier unit (2). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the carrier unit (2) has a drilling unit (3) opposite shaft shaft side shaft platform (4) on which the ropes (10) and the carrying cylinder (1 1) are mounted. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrying cylinder (1 1) and the displacement cylinder (1 3) on a support frame (1 2) of the drilling unit (3) are mounted. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a pneumatic conveying unit with a suction line (38) is present, via which the drilling unit (3) degraded material in the direction of the carrier unit (2) can be conveyed. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the conveying unit comprises two conveying vessels (52, 53) and a pivoting chute (54) via which in one of the suction line (38) in a suction container (39) conveyed material can be discharged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a hydraulic conveyor unit with a main conveyor line (55) is provided, via which the drilling unit (3) degraded material in the direction of the carrier unit (2) can be conveyed. A method for sinking a shaft, in particular by means of a device according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of a) arranging a carrier unit (2) in an axial cycle start position with carrying cylinders (11) in a retracted position and arranging a drilling unit (3) at a minimum distance to the carrier unit (2) with displacement cylinders (1 3) in a retracted position, b) clamping the drilling unit (3) in axial and radial direction by means of clamping modules (1 5), c) actuating a drill head (1 4) of the drilling unit (3) for deepening the shaft (1) with extension of the displacement cylinder (1 3) to to an extended position, d) releasing the Verspannmodule (1 5), e) extending the carrying cylinder (1 1) up to an extended position and retracting the displacement cylinder (1 3) up to a retracted position, f) re-tensioning the drilling unit (3) in axial and radial direction by means of the Verspannmodule (1 5), g) actuation of the drill head (1 4) for further deepening of the shaft (1) with renewed extension of the displacement cylinder (1 3) up to an extended position, h) renewed release of Verspannmodule ( 1 5), i) lowering the carrier unit (2) in the next axial cycle start position with retraction of the carrying cylinder (1 1) and the displacement cylinder (1 3) each up to a retracted position and k) further performing steps a) to i) to to Erreic hen a predetermined Abteuftiefe. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the displacement cylinder (1 3) in steps a), c), e), g) and i) each in their maximum retracted Einfahrstellung or maximum extended extension position are. A method according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the carrying cylinder (1 1) in the steps a), e) and i) each in their maximum retracted retraction or maximum extended extension position. Method according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the carrying cylinders (11) in step e) are in at least one intermediate position lying between a maximum retracted retraction position and a maximally extended retracted position, and that in the o- of each Intermediate position, the steps b), c), d), e), f), g) and h) and the step e) extension of the carrying cylinder (1 1) is carried out to an extended position or further intermediate position.