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EP2633503B1 - Zaun mit lokalisierter eindringungsdetektion - Google Patents

Zaun mit lokalisierter eindringungsdetektion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2633503B1
EP2633503B1 EP11787921.3A EP11787921A EP2633503B1 EP 2633503 B1 EP2633503 B1 EP 2633503B1 EP 11787921 A EP11787921 A EP 11787921A EP 2633503 B1 EP2633503 B1 EP 2633503B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detection means
frame
management unit
detector
cable
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EP11787921.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2633503A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Bomparet
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Rhodanienne D'electronique Appliquee Ste
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Rhodanienne D'electronique Appliquee Ste
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/12—Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/12—Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires
    • G08B13/122—Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires for a perimeter fence

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of protective fencing for detecting and locating an intrusion attempt inside a perimeter delimited by the fence. It relates in particular to a detection system which can be mounted on fences constituted by a panel and pole assembly, and which comprises a plurality of detectors, including vibration detectors or accelerometers, mounted on the panels.
  • a protective fence includes fixing posts between which fence elements extend, which at least partially delimit a pen or perimeter.
  • the fence elements may be rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, and form a physical barrier to prevent a person from entering a given perimeter.
  • a light barrier that extends parallel to the fence, typically behind the fence (i.e. inside the enclosure), or radar detection can be used.
  • radar detection can be used.
  • acoustic or optical detectors such as infrared detectors or motion detectors, or even surveillance cameras, possibly associated with an image processing system.
  • these approaches become very cumbersome if one wishes not only to detect the intrusion but also to locate it. Indeed, the length of the fences can reach several kilometers, and it is then very desirable to be able to locate the intrusion with precision and automatically, in particular before any human intervention.
  • detectors and detection systems must be robust and must withstand variations in weather and weather conditions. They must detect any attempt of human intrusion, but rain, hail or wind, small animals or leaves that touch the cable or put it in vibration must not trigger false alarms. Similarly, nearby traffic (eg a high-speed truck) must not disturb the detection system.
  • Licences US5,446,446 and US 5,448,222 (Southwest Microwave, Inc.) describe a cable comprising a coaxial tubular conductor and a wire conductor separated by a non-magnetic dielectric in which a duct is provided comprising a detection cable which can move freely within this duct; the displacement of the shock cable leads to the displacement of the detection cable, resulting in an impedance change which is detected by a detection system using a radiofrequency signal transmitted by the tubular conductor.
  • the location method is based on the analysis of the disturbance of a periodic radio frequency pulse by the intrusion, which is detected by the pulse reflected at the end of the cable. In this system, which is a reference product on the current market, a possible failure of the radiofrequency system (following for example a cable break) is difficult to diagnose and locate.
  • the document WO 20091022286 describes an intrusion detection system comprising a plurality of detectors and a central unit; each detector communicates with the central unit by a two-way link.
  • WO 2007/117579 discloses a wired intrusion detection system comprising a plurality of detectors each of which communicates with a control unit.
  • the patent US 4,097,025 (Electronic Surveillance Fence Security) describes a system comprising a system equivalent to a shock cable, namely a tube parallel to the fence and fixed thereto, which transmits any vibration to a housing located on the fence and which comprises a detector of piezoelectric vibration.
  • This tube is capable of transmitting a rather wide spectrum of vibrations, which can then be transformed into electrical signals and analyzed.
  • the tube contains a conventional coaxial cable that connects the housings together; this cable comprises two conductors, namely a central conductor and an outer trellis shield conductor. For the management of the signals generated by the detectors, the latter are gathered in groups.
  • Each signal is amplified by an operational amplifier with bandwidth and if this signal exceeds a threshold of amplitude predefined, a square pulse is generated, then integrated and amplified again.
  • the output of this latter amplifier is connected to the coil of a relay blade which generates an electrical signal.
  • Each group sends the electrical signals thus generated in a common blade relay. If this signal exceeds a predefined value, this relay opens, triggering an intrusion alert.
  • Another circuit makes it possible to locate in which group the intrusion took place. This system does not as such locate the intrusion; the patent proposes to add microphones that allow a supervisor to listen to what is happening in the area where the alert was triggered.
  • WO 2008/071780 describes an intrusion detection system comprising several detectors each of which communicates with a central unit via a wireless link, and operates a different frequency band.
  • the Czech utility model CZ 17936 U1 describes a system based on mechanical vibration sensors mounted on the fence panels between the posts. Each sensing detector has a unique address and is connected to a digital data bus and an input communication circuit of the evaluation unit.
  • the data management system compares the signals produced by two neighboring sensors.
  • the evaluation unit continuously compares the level of the movements coming from all the detectors on the fence, and if between some of the detectors a difference of the measured values exceeding a predefined limit is detected, this state is indicated by the activation of the circuit. analog output. No detail is given on the mode of connection of the detectors to the evaluation unit, on the data transmission method, on the data analysis method or on its concrete implementation. As a result, it is not possible to evaluate the performance, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of such a system.
  • a first object of the invention is a system for detecting and locating an intrusion attempt in a perimeter defined by a fence, as defined by claim 1.
  • the system may have several detection cables.
  • Each detection means (Dn) (also called “detector”) comprises a sensor.
  • the sensors can be of any type, but vibration sensors or accelerometers, which detect and measure a vibration in the three directions of space, are preferred.
  • each detector has its own signal processing algorithm, and is capable of performing a self-calibration.
  • each detector is capable of transmitting data to each of its two direct neighbors (detector or management unit) and receiving data from each of its two direct neighbors.
  • each detector has in each of the two directions of the cable a transmission path and a reception path.
  • There is no direct data link between a detector and a management unit ie a data link that does not pass through another detector, except for the detector that is connected directly to a sensor. management unit. The inventors have found that this simplifies interfacing in the case of systems of great length by avoiding a single addressing of each detector.
  • the detector (Dn) Since the detector (Dn) is connected to the detectors (Dn + 1) / (Dn-1) or (Dn + 1) / (UG) or (Dn-1), it is not necessary to have unique addresses for all sensors installed on the perimeter. Only the differentiation of detectors belonging to a detector cable is necessary. As a result, all the sensor cables are identical and the number of detector cables can be multiplied on the same site without having to manage the growth of the number of addresses. This avoids differentiating each detector from the whole site, it facilitates maintenance (change of one or more detectors) and finally manages all the detectors by a communication protocol very simple and therefore low energy consumption because requiring very little calculation. On the other hand, the simplicity of this protocol makes it possible to work with low transmission speeds (between 9600 Bds and 19200 Bds) therefore reliable and low energy consumption.
  • each detection means (Dn) comprises two interfaces, one on each side of the detection means, each of these interfaces having a transmission channel and a reception channel allowing reception and reception. send data from another (or to another) means of detection (Dn + 1 or Dn-1) or from one (or to another) management unit (UG) to which (to) said detection means (Dn) is directly connected.
  • the frame, byte byte, received by the receive channel is received in the receive buffer, transferred to the intermediate link buffer with transmission path, and then transferred to the transmit buffer to be received. transmitted by the transmission channel.
  • each management unit has an autonomous power supply, preferably a photovoltaic cell or a wind turbine associated with a battery, or a fuel cell. This avoids the need for a mains power supply or with visible mains cables.
  • the management unit (UG) supplies the detection means (Dn) with electrical energy.
  • the number of detection means fed and managed by each management unit does not exceed eighty, namely forty on each side. More precisely, advantageously, each detection cable comprises at most forty detectors, and each management unit manages at most two detection cables.
  • one or more management units are connected to external detectors and / or external alarms. These may include, for example, presence detectors located behind the fence (ie within the enclosure), or thermal detectors. As such, it is advantageous that each management unit has one or more inputs for signals from a detector external to the sensor cable.
  • circuits are possible, in particular closed or open loops.
  • the system can form several detection zones.
  • the data processing station (P) is a remote station that centralizes the alerts and includes means for recording and viewing; preferably this visualization of alerts includes their location on a plane that represents the protected perimeter, to be easily understood by a human supervisor.
  • a sensor cable comprises a plurality of integrated detectors, preferably arranged with a constant spacing, which are preferably each in an elongated sealed housing, the long direction of which is parallel to the cable.
  • This housing can be made for example of plastic or rubber, in particular by overmolding.
  • the housing can be integrated in the cable sheath, which provides said sensor cable with high mechanical strength (especially traction) and total sealing.
  • the same sensor cable has at most forty detectors.
  • the ends of the sensor cable are provided with connectors that can be connected either to a management unit, to a connection unit to another detector cable (especially in the case where the fence makes an angle), or to a termination unit.
  • a cable end that does not terminate either by a management unit or by a connection unit must be connected to a terminating unit.
  • the spacing between two detection means in the system and in the cable is advantageously between 2 m and 4 m.
  • the number of detection means does not exceed 140 (typically for a length of the cable of the order of 350 m), because taking into account the advantageous spacing between the detection means and the voltage drop due to the ohmic resistance of the cable, it would then increase the section of the cable, which would make it heavy and difficult to handle during assembly.
  • at most 80 detector means are provided, and even more advantageously at most 40, knowing that increasing the number of management units does not pose a practical problem.
  • the method described above makes it possible to locate the cutoff of the detector cable.
  • the frame sent periodically by the management unit (UG) waits in return for the integrity of all detectors on the detector cable. This integrity is verified by the fact that each detector (Dn) modifies the order number inscribed in the request frame by its own serial number: the detector (Dn) records n, the detector (Dn + 1) records n +1 instead of n, until the detector terminating the cable.
  • the number of the detector terminating the sensor cable was previously stored during a system configuration procedure by the management unit (MU) to which the sensor cable is connected. If in return of the request frame contains the sequence number corresponding to that stored during the configuration, this means that the detector cable is intact, that is to say that all the detectors component are present and operational.
  • the detector (Dn-1) just before the cut-off or the damaged detector will not receive an acknowledgment in response to its transmission of the request frame following a request from the management unit (MU).
  • the detector (Dn) returns the frame in the other direction by transmitting it to the detector (Dn-1) with respect to its position.
  • the management unit (UG) will return the frame with a sequence number different from the stored one and thus will signal the cut or the deterioration of the detector cable by knowing the sequence number of the detector just before the cut or the deterioration of the sensor cable.
  • a second method makes it possible to locate intrusion attempts. This second method is superimposed on the first and is totally asynchronous with respect to the first.
  • Each detector detecting a relative movement of the fence (vibration, shock, etc.) using the integrated sensor, spontaneously generates a so-called event frame that is sent to the detector (Dn + 1) and (Dn-1) or (Dn + 1) and (UG) or (Dn-1) and (UG).
  • a set of detectors can at the same time each generate its event frame comprising its sequence number and a datum or parameter Z characterizing (representing) the physical parameter measured by the sensor which represents the vibration or shock detected.
  • the management unit to which the sensor cable is connected including the detector (s) having emitted their event frame analyzes all the received event frames according to criteria such as: number of adjacent detectors having emitted a frame in a window of determined time, the detector which detected the strongest variation of vibration and the presence of a precise signature namely: a minimum followed by a maximum followed by a minimum or a minimum and a maximum correspond to variations of vibrations detected by different and adjacent detectors. If the criteria correspond to an alarm then the management unit (MU) generates an alarm frame. The precise location is determined by the number of the detector that generated the maximum value of the Z parameter.
  • a sensor cable is installed on it, the particularity of which is to be sensitive to the cutting, climbing or tearing of the panels.
  • This cable is composed of a set of detectors distributed homogeneously (ie substantially equidistant) along the cable.
  • the detectors are part of integral part of the cable, ie the cable and the detectors form a single element.
  • each detector detects movement variations in the 3 directions of the space of the support on which it is installed.
  • Each detector includes a sensor, such as a vibration sensor or an accelerometer, and the electronic components necessary and useful for the management of the measured signal, for communication and for power supply.
  • the figure 1 shows a fence comprising a plurality of detection means each having a detector (1a-o) mounted on fence elements fixed on posts 2. All the detectors are connected by a cable 3.
  • a management unit 13 is connected to the cable detector so as to close a loop. It transmits data to a concentrator 39, which is connected to a computer 40; the hub is a management unit called a gateway management unit.
  • the fence forms an enclosure.
  • the link 6 between the gateway management unit 13 and the concentrator 39 is for example via an RS485 interface.
  • the connection 5 between the concentrator 39 and the computer 40 is done for example by Ethernet RJ45.
  • all the management units are equipped to act as a gateway management unit; this gives the installer of the sensing cable more flexibility.
  • the figure 2 shows a variant of this embodiment, in which the fence does not form a closed loop, but incorporates an obstacle (building or gate 4). Therefore, the system comprises two detector cables 3a, b, each of which is terminated by a termination unit 7a, b.
  • the figure 3 shows a more complex embodiment in the form of an open loop (chain) comprising four management units 11,13,15,17 and three connection units 12,14,16 and two termination units 10,18. Posts and sensors are not represented.
  • the connection units have the function of connecting two detector cables 3 to each other.
  • One of the management units 13 communicates with the hub, it is a gateway management unit.
  • the link 6 between the unit of management gateway 13 and the hub 39 is for example through an RS485 interface
  • the link 5 between the hub 39 and the computer 40 is for example RJ45 Ethernet.
  • the figure 4 shows another embodiment in the form of a closed loop (chain) comprising five management units 31,33,35,37,41 and five of the connecting units 30,32,34,36,38. Poles and detectors are not represented.
  • the link 6 between the management unit 33 and the concentrator 39 is for example via an RS485 interface and the link 5 between the concentrator 39 and the computer 40 is done for example by Ethernet RJ45.
  • the figure 5 shows yet another embodiment in the form of an open loop comprising five management units 51,53,55,57,59, two of which are gateway management units 53,55 (which act here also as a termination unit, but could add separate termination units to extend the cable beyond the gateway management units), and four 50.52,56.58 connection units.
  • Each management unit 53.55 gateway communicates with its concentrator 39.41 which communicates with its microprocessor (computer) 40,42.
  • the signal received from the left side in the reception buffer memory 111 is transferred to the intermediate buffer memory 105 and to be transferred then in the transmission buffer on the right side 102, and vice versa, as indicated by the arrows on the figure 6 .
  • a management unit or a detector which receives a byte of a frame which is not exclusively intended for it transfers immediately, without waiting for the end of the frame, in the buffer memory to the extent that the latter is free.
  • a management unit or detector which has a byte in a buffer memory transmits it by the transmission channel, provided that the transmission life is in idle mode, i.e. available.
  • Each interface 121, 122 may be part of a universal asynchronous transceiver (UART), knowing that it is also possible to use a component of the DUART type which integrates two UARTs, or a microprocessor which fulfills the same function.
  • UART universal asynchronous transceiver
  • said buffers can also store more than one byte, ie for example an entire frame.
  • the figure 7 shows another embodiment of a detection means according to the invention. It comprises a sensor 300, a microcontroller 310 fulfilling the function of two UARTs acting as interfaces 121,122, two drivers 341,342 of the Driver RS232 type.
  • the sensor 300 communicates bi-directionally with the microcontroller 310.
  • the latter communicates bidirectionally with the drivers 341,342.
  • These are connected to the transmission channels 301, 302 and the reception channels 311, 312; they are electrically powered by a common power supply cable 321,322 (pole "-") and 331,332 (pole "+”) which connects all the detection means of the same sensor cable.
  • each detection means may be equipped with an autonomous power supply (such as a photovoltaic cell connected to a current storage means); this saves one of the two supply leads 321,322, knowing that a common ground 331,332 is still needed.
  • an autonomous power supply such as a photovoltaic cell connected to a current storage means
  • the figures 8 ac show a detector according to the invention, with its elongated housing 500 and the cable 501.
  • the housing 500 can be integrated in the cable 501 for example by overmolding, which ensures excellent sealing and good tensile strength that can be exerted on the cable.
  • the case 500 is very compact: its main height F is about twice the diameter of the cable sheath 501, its maximum height E is not much larger, and its depth R is less than four times the thickness X of the cable sheath. Its length L is advantageously less than 100 mm.
  • the compartment 520 in which is the electronic card with the sensor (as shown on the figure 7 ) is protected by a thick layer of material, making this detector particularly robust.
  • each sensor has its own identification address, which is, in an advantageous embodiment, composed of three elements: the serial number on the string or on the cable (typically from 1 to 40 or even 1 to 80), the address of the management unit to which it is attached (typically 1 to 15), and the number of the sensor cable of the management unit to which it is attached, in the case where a the same management unit controls a plurality of individual cables (typically 1 or 2). These addresses are defined during site configuration.
  • the cables are identical or differ only in the number of detection means.
  • the detection means which has the order number n is always the n-th detection means inserted in the cable, from the management unit to which it is attached, regardless of the cable; it is the final identification address during the configuration which makes it possible to distinguish two detection means bearing the same serial number but located on a different cable attached to the same management unit.
  • the addressing of the detection means is independent of the topology of the site.
  • the management unit sends a request signal.
  • This is a digital signal in the form of a byte frame.
  • This frame comprises different individual elements, expressed in groups of bits, namely: a management element, an identification element of the detector, and a data element.
  • Each of these elements is advantageously coded on 8 bits, and the continuation of the present description is based on this example, knowing that a different coding (on 16 bits for example), or a different distribution is quite envisaged in the frame. of the present invention.
  • the management element comprises the address of the management unit (4 bits) which generates the frame (for example from 0 to 15), and a code (1 bit) representing the cable of the management unit on which the frame travels (for example 0 and 1). It may also include a code related to the function of the addressed device, coded on 3 bits.
  • the identification element of the sensor comprises the individual identification of the detector (for example from 1 to 80, encoded on 7 bits), which increments from detector to detector, and an element (coded on a bit) which codes the direction of movement of the frame (for example 0 for the go and 1 for the return).
  • the data element contains detector-specific data, for example a physical quantity measured by the sensor.
  • This signal (which we later call “frame", knowing that the complete signal may comprise a sequence of several frames) is received by the first detector D1 in the chain which adds its individual identification.
  • this addition of its individual address is accomplished by incrementing the element of the frame that represents the individual identification of the detector, for example an element that originally represented the management unit. the number zero and therefore becomes the number one after being incremented by the detector D1.
  • the detector D1 sends this frame complemented by its individual identification to its two direct neighbors, D2 and UG.
  • D2 adds his individual identification, for example he adds his complete individual address or replaces the individual address of D1 by his own; in one embodiment, D2 increments the frame element which represents the detector's sequence number by one unit, so this element takes the value of two.
  • the management unit UG After sending a first frame to the first detector D1 (and received a first frame of the first detector D1), the management unit UG sends a second frame, and so on.
  • signal frames in both directions of the chain Preferably, each direction has its own signal transmission means, preferably a wire, but it can also be a radio frequency channel.
  • the last detector D (n + p) is connected to a so-called termination unit, a preferably passive component that tells it to send the signal back simply to the detector D (n + p-1). where it has received it, after adding its individual address or incremented the raster element, and after changing the element which codes the direction of movement of the frame.
  • this frame carries the trace of each of the individual detectors, as well as the measured value. For example, if the chain is interrupted (for example, sectioned) between the detectors D6 and D7, the signal returned by the detector D6 to the management unit UG will not have been incremented by the detectors D7 and following.
  • the management unit can locate the interruption between D6 and D7.
  • the product according to the invention has many advantages. It allows the self-adaptation of the sensitivity thresholds depending on the support on which the sensor cable is installed (taking into account the aging of the fence and the heterogeneous supports).
  • Each unit can be subdivided into monitoring zones, to facilitate the support of alerts reported by the remote station (P); the programming of these surveillance zones is simple and flexible.
  • the power supply of the sensor cable and the management units is autonomous and does not depend on an external power supply which simplifies the installation because there is no need for civil engineering to bury cables.
  • the product is insensitive to weather disturbances.
  • the sensor cable is highly resistant to bending, twisting and pulling. This facilitates the connection of the sensor cable to the management units: it is indeed a standard electrical wiring, and there is no need to handle sensitive elements. It is the same for the passage of the opening (door, gate, turnstiles ...) where the sensor cable can be easily extended by standard cable.
  • the maintenance and repair of the fence is also simplified: only the damaged section is to be replaced, the electrical connections being standard, and it is not necessary to replace the entire cable as in some products of the state of the art. .
  • Each detector is uniquely identified on a site with an address.
  • the address is composed of the address of the sensor on the cable (for example from 1 to 40), the address of the management unit to which it is attached (for example from 0 to 15), and the number the sensor cable of the management unit to which it is attached (for example 1 or 2).
  • This information circulates on the cable with the request-type frames ("watchdog") in detection mode or test type in test mode. These frames are sent by the management units at regular intervals.
  • the detector's address on the cable is the meter. It is initialized to 0 by the management unit which generates the frame and increments from detector to detector.
  • the detector address is: counter received + 1.
  • the address of the management unit and the number of the detector cable are written in the frame by the management unit which generates the frame.
  • a detector When a detector receives one of these frames it compares the information of the frame to its own and updates itself in case of difference. This principle of operation makes it possible to initialize a blank cable and to re-parameterize a modified or moved cable.
  • a management unit in configuration mode it is possible from a management unit in configuration mode to modify the detection threshold of one of the detectors attached to it.
  • the user can from the interface of the management card set a modification of a threshold: increase, decrease, amplitude of the modification.
  • the management unit verifies that it manages the selected sensor and generates a threshold change frame.
  • the interface signals it to the user.
  • This frame travels from detector to detector until it reaches the detector concerned or end of line or communication difficulty.
  • the integrity of the cable is checked at regular intervals by a request-type frame in detection mode or a test-type frame in test mode.
  • Each management unit has a specific cable delay. It is reloaded each time a request or test type frame is received. Regularly before the timeout is exhausted the management unit generates one of these frames. The frame flows from sensor to sensor to a management unit, an end of line sensor or a communication error. It is then returned to the sender and carries information on the conditions of the U-turn.
  • a management unit can detect and locate a malfunction of the system.
  • the “detection” mode selects the operating mode from the interface of the management unit card.
  • the "detection” mode is automatically selected.
  • the "test” mode makes it possible to light a warning light (LED for example) on the detectors on detection of a shock and the lighting of an "alarm” indicator on the alarm management board. It also allows manual adjustment of the detection threshold of the detectors.
  • the "test” mode operates on a cable of a management unit whose end communication pair is short-circuited.
  • the choice of the operating mode is indicated to the detectors with the request and test type frames.
  • the operating mode chosen is “detection” the management unit regularly sends a request type frame.
  • the operating mode is "test” the management unit regularly sends a test type frame.
  • Detectors send information to the surrounding management units when they detect an event: intrusion or technical failure. They use the "sensor event” frame for this purpose. The frame is systematically transmitted in both directions of the cable. These frames flow from detector to detector until they meet a management unit. The management units filter the information.
  • the factory test makes it possible to check the correct functioning of the detectors.
  • the operator wants to carry out such a test, he sends a "factory test" type frame from a special management unit.
  • a sensor that receives a "factory test” type frame launches a self-test; if this self-test is conclusive, it transmits the frame to its neighbor (and its indicator lights up).
  • the output of the factory test mode is only done by turning off the detector. This test is used to test a single detector or an entire cable.
  • the first and the last detector of a cable have their lights on, all the sensors of the cable function correctly. On the other hand if from a detector the lights are not lit the first light detector has a problem.
  • a management unit has several sources of information that can lead to an alarm frame: (i) its own alarms (battery voltage, auxiliary inputs, self-protection), (ii) the technical faults of the detection means (low voltage power supply, self-test), and (iii) the signals detected by the detection means, in particular following the vibration of the fence.
  • the alarms (i) and (ii) are referred to here as “technical alarms", the alarms under (iii) "intrusion alarms”.
  • the management unit filters this information and, if necessary, generates an alarm frame.
  • the alarm frame are the necessary information for the concentrator (operation, supervision, history).
  • the filters include: a filter for the intruder alarm (including trigger and muting conditions), and a filter for technical alarms, to avoid triggering this alarm for a low rate of fault detection means.
  • the alarm frame is sent in both directions; the gateway management unit is programmed to transmit it to the hub.
  • the alarm frame includes three groups encoded on 8 bits.
  • a first group comprises a function code (3 bits), which distinguishes this function from the others, the address of the management unit (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15) and the identification of the management cable to which the detector which is in intrusion alarm state belongs (1 bit, the value being typically 1 or 0).
  • a second group includes an information code on the alarm (1 bit, the value being 1 when the alarm occurs, and 0 when it disappears), a code on the type of alarm (1 bit , the value being 0 for an intrusion alarm and 1 for a technical alarm) and the address of the sensor in alarm (6 bits, the value being typically between 1 and 40).
  • the third group includes alarm data (8 bits). Its coding depends on the nature of the alarm (alarm at a management unit, technical alarm issued by a detector (self-test error, insufficient supply voltage or cable break) or intrusion alarm emitted by a detector (in this case, it includes the physical parameter (s) measured by the sensor, for example the maximum measured amplitude).
  • This frame is sent by a management unit after processing of information given by the detectors and the management unit and on each change of alarm state. It flows in the direction of the last hub that performed a site configuration. It circulates on the network until meeting a management unit connected to a concentrator. A management unit that has detected a break in its cable causes the frame to be turned around.
  • the configuration frame of the site makes it possible to transmit to the concentrator information on the topology of the installation.
  • This frame is generated by a user-requested gateway management unit to update the system configuration information.
  • the frame is sent by the gateway management unit and travels along the management unit sensor cables to the management unit until it meets an end of line or returns to the management unit gateway that generated it via the other cable.
  • the "Site Configuration Request" frame consists of two 8-bit groups.
  • a first group comprises a function code (3 bits), which distinguishes this function from the others, the address of the management unit which generates the request (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15) and a code of order (1 bit, the value being typically 1 or 0).
  • a second group comprises two empty bits as well as a request / response code (1 bit, value 0), a code that identifies the cable of the gateway management unit from which the frame (1 bit) is part and a code count of the number of management units that have already received the order (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15).
  • These two octets may be followed by one or more null bytes.
  • a management unit that receives this request responds with a "Configuration response" frame.
  • the counter is incremented by each management unit and is copied into the response. It makes it possible to determine the order of the management units on the cable.
  • the configuration request can be issued at any time by the user, whether his installation is complete or not.
  • the management units that receive the request send a "Configuration Response" frame on the cable through which the request arrived.
  • the information in the responses allows the hub to build a system map.
  • the "Configuration Response” frame consists of five 8-bit coded groups.
  • a first group comprises a function code (3 bits), which distinguishes this function from the others, the address of the management unit which generated the request (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15) and a code of order (1 bit, the value being typically 1 or 0).
  • a second group includes an empty bit and a request / response code (1 bit, value 1), a code (1 bit) which identifies the cable of the responding management unit through which the request has arrived, a code which identifies the cable of the gateway management unit from which the request originated (1 bit), a counter code incremented by the request (4 bits).
  • a third group includes the address of the responding management unit (4 bits) as well as 4 empty bits.
  • a fourth group includes the number of detectors on the first cable as well as information on the end of line (end of line cable or connection fault); a fifth includes the same information for the second cable.
  • This frame allows the hub to build the system topology from the following information: management unit addresses, management unit order on the cable (counter), number of cables that connect the management units (UG response cable, cable UG gateway), number of detectors on the cables.
  • the hub can, if necessary, ask all the management units of a site to send their status.
  • the request is sent to the management unit to which it is connected in a "request" type response.
  • the management unit sends on its two cables the request. It travels along the cable to the end of a line or back to the hub gateway management unit via the other cable. Management units that receive a send status request return the alarm frames needed for the hub to update its alarm data.
  • the frame "Send state request” includes an 8-bit coded group, comprising a function code (3 bits), the address of the management unit which generates the request (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15) and a command code (1 bit, value 1). This octet can be terminated with one or more null bytes.
  • the "acknowledgment" frame includes a function code (3 bits) and data (5 bits).
  • the data take the value of 0 when a sensor which has received a frame declares it being able to process it; he then becomes responsible for the proper routing of this frame to the next detector.
  • the data takes the value of 1 when a detector which has received an acknowledgment signaling that the next detector is present can not process the frame and repeats it.
  • a management unit manages this frame in the same way as a detector.
  • the request frame consists of three groups encoded on 8 bits.
  • a first group comprises a function code (3 bits), the address of the management unit (4 bits, the value being typically between 0 and 15) and the identification of the cable of the management unit on which the frame circulates (1 bit, the value being typically 0 or 1).
  • a second group comprises a "return code” which identifies the direction of movement of the frame on the cable (1 bit, the value being typically 0 for the "out” direction and 1 for the "return” direction), and the address of the detector (7 bits, the value being typically between 1 and 80).
  • the detector address increments from detector to detector, and if the return / return code and 1, the counter address remains fixed at the value at turn around.
  • the third group includes data (8 bits) on the module (detector, management unit) that sent the frame.
  • the counter makes it possible to dynamically address the detectors. It is incremented upon receipt of the frame.
  • the sensor updates its address if the address bit is 0.
  • the addressing bit makes it possible not to modify the addresses of the detectors located on the cable of the management unit facing the one that generated the frame.
  • This frame is generated by a detector. It is sent by the detector in both directions and flows from sensor detector to a management unit or end of line. It is coded on three groups of bits.
  • the first group coded on 8 bits, comprises a function code, followed by a code for the address of the management unit on which the detector depends (4 bits, taking for example the value from 0 to 15, and a bit representing the cable of the management unit on which the detector depends.
  • the second group coded on 8 bits, comprises a bit which codes the type of alarm (event or technical fault), an unused bit, then the address of the detector which generated the frame (6 bits, taking for example the value from 1 to 40 if there are 40 detectors).
  • the third group coded on 16 bits, represents the data that contains information about the alarm.
  • this data contains the parameters and values measured by the sensor.
  • this data encodes the source of the technical fault (for example: sensor self-test error, supply voltage too low, i.e. below a predefined threshold).
  • the technical defects are filtered by the management unit: a number of detectors in technical fault are required to trigger an alarm.
  • the frame replaces the query frame during test mode. It is issued periodically by a management unit to one of its cables. The frame is turned around as soon as it encounters an end-of-line detector, a management unit or a communication problem. It is issued as soon as the management card enters test mode and the sensors that receive it enter test mode. The management card stops sending this frame as soon as it leaves the test mode. The management unit then sends a request frame again and the detectors exit the test mode.
  • This frame has three groups of eight bits.
  • the first group includes a function code (3 bits), the address of the management unit that generated the frame (4 bits) and the address of the cable on which the frame is traveling (1 bit).
  • the second group includes a "return code” which identifies the direction of movement of the frame on the cable (1 bit, the value being typically 0 for the "out” direction and 1 for the "return” direction), and the address of the detector (7 bits, the value being typically between 1 and 80).
  • the third group includes data (8 bits) on the module (detector, management unit) that sent the frame.
  • This frame is sent by a management unit when the user wants to modify the threshold of a detector in test mode. It runs on a cable of a management unit and stops when it meets the target detector or end of line.
  • This frame has three groups of eight bits.
  • the first group includes a function code (3 bits), the address of the management unit that generated the frame (4 bits) and the address of the cable on which the frame is traveling (1 bit).
  • the second group comprises a bit which acts on the detection threshold (the value 0 means an incrementation, the value 1 a decrementation, for example), and the address of the detector (6 or 7 bits, the value being typically between 1 and 80, knowing that a special address is provided which forces all the sensors at the same time to take the command), and possibly one (eighth) bit empty.
  • the third group includes data relating to the amplitude (8 bits) of the signal measured by the sensor.
  • a detector When a detector receives a factory test frame it starts a self-test procedure. If the self-test is successful, the detector transmits the frame to the next sensor and turns on its LED. The detector can only exit the factory test mode when the power is turned off.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. System zur Detektion und Lokalisierung eines Eindringungsversuchs ins Innere eines durch einen Zaun definierten Bereiches, wobei der Zaun Rückhalteelemente und Verankerungselement im Boden, wie Pfosten, umfasst, wobei das System zur Detektion und Lokalisierung umfasst
    (i) mindestens eine Steuerungseinheit (UG),
    (ii) eine Vielzahl von Detektionsmitteln (D) von Stößen und/oder Vibrationen, die an dem Zaun vorkommen können, die durch ein Detektionskabel genanntes Kabel miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Detektionskabel an die mindestens eine Steuerungseinheit (UG) angeschlossen ist,
    (iii) einen Posten (P) zur Datenverarbeitung, der mit mindestens einer der Steuerungseinheiten (UG) verbunden ist,
    (iv) Mittel zum Übertragen von Daten von mindestens einer der Steuerungseinheiten (UG) zu dem Datenverarbeitungsposten (P),
    (v) eventuell eine oder mehrere Abschlusseinheiten (T), zum Abschließen eines freien Endes des Detektionskabels, wobei das System dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    - jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn) direkt, eventuell anhand einer Anschlusseinheit, auf einer Seite mit einem anderen Detektionsmittel (Dn+1 oder Dn-1) verbunden ist, und auf der anderen Seite:
    entweder mit einem anderen Detektionsmittel (Dn+1 oder Dn-1),
    oder mit einer Steuerungseinheit (UG),
    oder mit einer Abschlusseinheit (T) verbunden ist; und
    - jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn) Daten in Form von Digitalsignalrastern zu dem (den) Detektionsmittel(n) (Dn+1 und/oder Dn-1) und/oder zu der Steuerungseinheit (UG) schickt, mit denen es direkt verbunden ist; und
    - jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn) Daten in digitaler Form von dem (den) Detektionsmittel(n) (Dn+1 und/oder Dn-1) und/oder von der Steuerungseinheit (UG) empfängt, mit denen es direkt verbunden ist; und
    - ein Detektionsmittel (Dn), das Daten von einer Seite empfängt, diese an das Detektionsmittel (Dn+1 oder Dn-1) oder an die Steuerungseinheit (UG), mit dem (mit der) es direkt verbunden ist, auf die andere Seite überträgt; und
    - jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn) dem (den) Detektionsmittel(n) (Dn+1 und/oder Dn-1) und/oder der Steuerungseinheit (UG), mit denen es direkt verbunden ist, Daten in digitaler Form über die Ereignisse überträgt, die es detektiert hat,
    - die Steuerungseinheit (UG) in regelmäßigen Intervallen ein Anfragesignal in der Form eines "Anfrageraster" genannten Byte-Rasters an das Detektionsmittel (D1) schickt, mit dem es direkt verbunden ist,
    - das Detektionsmittel (D1) nach Empfang des Rasters seine individuelle Identifizierung, vorzugsweise in der Form einer Ordnungsnummer, hinzufügt, und ihn an das Detektionsmittel (D2) und an die Steuerungseinheit (UG) überträgt, mit denen es direkt verbunden ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mehrere, identische oder unterschiedliche, Detektionskabel umfasst, die jeweils eine Vielzahl von Detektionsmitteln (Dn) von Stößen und/oder Vibration umfassen.
  3. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem System eine direkte Datenverbindung zwischen einem Detektionsmittel (Dn) und einer Steuerungseinheit (UG) nur für das (die) Detektionsmittel existiert, das (die) direkt an eine Steuerungseinheit (UG) angeschlossen ist (sind).
  4. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn) einen Detektor, vorzugsweise einen Vibrationsdetektor, und zwei Schnittstellen (121, 122),
    eine auf jeder Seite des Detektionsmittels, beinhaltet, wobei jede dieser Schnittstellen (121, 122) über einen Übertragungsweg (201, 202) und einen Empfangsweg (211, 212) verfügt, die es ermöglichen, Daten von einem anderen (oder zu einem anderen) Detektionsmittel (Dn+1 oder Dn-1) oder von einer anderen (oder zu einer anderen) Steuerungseinheit (UG) zu empfangen oder zu senden, mit dem (der) das Detektionsmittel (Dn) direkt verbunden ist,
    wobei jede der Schnittstellen (121, 122) mindestens drei Pufferspeicher (101, 105, 111; 102, 106, 112) umfasst, die mindestens ein Byte des Signalrasters speichern können, nämlich;
    (i) einen ersten Empfangspufferspeicher (111, 112) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), in denen das Byte oder eines der Bytes des in Empfang befindlichen Rasters gespeichert wird;
    (ii) einen zweiten Sendepufferspeicher (101, 102) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), in denen das Byte oder eines der Bytes des in Sendung befindlichen Rasters gespeichert wird;
    (iii) einen dritten Zwischenpufferspeicher (105, 106) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), die die Verbindung zwischen dem Empfangsweg (211, 212) auf der einen Seite, und dem Übertragungsweg (202, 201) auf der anderen Seite herstellt.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Raster, der Byte für Byte durch den Empfangsweg (211) empfangen wird, in dem Empfangspufferspeicher (111) empfangen wird, in den Zwischenpufferspeicher (105), der die Verbindung mit dem Übertragungsweg (202) herstellt, übertragen wird, und danach in den Übertragungspufferspeicher (102) übertragen wird, um über den Übertragungsweg (202) übertragen zu werden.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei jedes Detektionsmittel auf eindeutige Weise mit einer Adresse identifiziert wird, wobei sich die Adresse aus einer Ordnungsnummer des Detektionsmittels auf dem Kabel, der Adresse der Steuerungseinheit, mit der es verknüpft ist, und der Detektorkabelnummer der Steuerungseinheit mit der es verknüpft ist, zusammensetzt.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Detektorkabel umfasst
    - eine Vielzahl von, vorzugsweise identischen, Detektionsmitteln (Dn) und vorzugsweise mit einem Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Detektionsmitteln, der im Wesentlichen gleich ist,
    - Anschlussmittel an jedem seiner beiden Enden,
    wobei jedes Detektionsmittel vorzugsweise ein Detektor von Stößen und/oder Vibrationen ist, und jedes Detektionsmittel zwei Schnittstellen (121, 122) umfasst, nämlich eine auf jeder Seite des Detektionsmittels,
    und das Detektorkabel dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in jedem Detektionsmittel (Dn) jede der Schnittstellen (121, 122) über einen Übertragungsweg (201, 202) und über einen Empfangsweg (211, 212) verfügt, die es ermöglichen, Daten zu einem anderen (oder von einem anderen) Detektionsmittel (Dn+1 oder Dn-1) oder zu einer anderen (oder von einer anderen) Steuerungseinheit (UG) zu senden oder zu empfangen, mit - dem (der) das Detektionsmittel (Dn) im Betriebszustand direkt verbunden ist,
    und dadurch, dass jede der Schnittstellen (121, 122) mindestens drei Pufferspeicher (101, 105, 111; 102, 106, 112) umfasst, die mindestens ein Byte des Signalrasters speichern können, nämlich;
    - einen ersten Empfangspufferspeicher (111, 112) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), in denen das Byte oder eines der Bytes des in Empfang befindlichen Rasters gespeichert wird;
    - einen zweiten Sendepufferspeicher (101, 102) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), in denen das Byte oder eines der Bytes des in Sendung befindlichen Rasters gespeichert wird;
    - einen dritten Zwischenpufferspeicher (105, 106) für jede Schnittstelle (121, 122), die die Verbindung zwischen dem Empfangsweg (211, 212) einerseits und dem Übertragungsweg (202, 201) andererseits herstellt.
  8. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Detektorkabel höchstens 80 Detektionsmittel, und spezieller höchstens 40 Detektionsmittel umfasst.
  9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Detektorkabel jedes Detektionsmittel in einem dichten Gehäuse in länglicher Form enthalten ist, dessen lange Richtung parallel zum Kabel ist.
  10. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Detektorkabel das Gehäuse in der Kabelhülle integriert ist.
  11. Verfahren zur Detektion und Lokalisierung eines Eindringungsversuchs ins Innere eines durch einen Zaun definierten Bereiches, umfassend das System zur Detektion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei bei dem Verfahren:
    - jedes Detektionsmittel (Dn), das eine relative Bewegung des Zauns mithilfe seines integrierten Sensors detektiert, spontan einen Ereignisraster genannten Raster erzeugt, der zu jedem seiner direkten Nachbarn gesendet wird, nämlich zu dem folgenden (Dn+1) und vorstehenden (Dn-1) Detektionsmittel, oder zu dem Detektionsmittel (Dn+1) und zu der Steuerungseinheit (UG), oder zu dem Detektionsmittel (Dn-1) und zu der Steuerungseinheit (UG), wobei der Ereignisraster mindestens einen Parameter Z umfasst, der eine Darstellung mindestens eines physischen Parameters ist, der durch den Sensor des Detektionsmittels (Dn) gemessen wird;
    - die Steuerungseinheit (UG), an die das Detektorkabel angeschlossen ist, das den oder die Detektoren umfasst, die ihre Ereignisraster gesendet haben, alle empfangenen Ereignisraster analysiert, und entscheidet, einen Alarmraster zu erzeugen oder nicht zu erzeugen, wobei die genaue Lokalisierung des Ereignisses durch die Nummer des Detektors bestimmt wird, der den maximalen Wert des Parameters Z generiert hat.
EP11787921.3A 2010-10-29 2011-10-24 Zaun mit lokalisierter eindringungsdetektion Active EP2633503B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR1004281A FR2966958A1 (fr) 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Cloture avec detection localise d'intrusion.
FR1004529A FR2966959B1 (fr) 2010-10-29 2010-11-22 Cloture avec detection localise d'intrusion
PCT/FR2011/052476 WO2012056156A1 (fr) 2010-10-29 2011-10-24 Cloture avec detection localisee d'intrusion

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US20130304415A1 (en) 2013-11-14
FR2966959A1 (fr) 2012-05-04
FR2966959B1 (fr) 2012-11-09
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WO2012056156A1 (fr) 2012-05-03
FR2966958A1 (fr) 2012-05-04
EP2633503A1 (de) 2013-09-04

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