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EP2464333A2 - Floating microgranules - Google Patents

Floating microgranules

Info

Publication number
EP2464333A2
EP2464333A2 EP10761038A EP10761038A EP2464333A2 EP 2464333 A2 EP2464333 A2 EP 2464333A2 EP 10761038 A EP10761038 A EP 10761038A EP 10761038 A EP10761038 A EP 10761038A EP 2464333 A2 EP2464333 A2 EP 2464333A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floating
active ingredient
granules
alkaline agent
granule
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10761038A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2464333B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Lebon
Pascal Suplie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Debregeas Et Associes Pharma SAS
Original Assignee
Debregeas Et Associes Pharma SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Debregeas Et Associes Pharma SAS filed Critical Debregeas Et Associes Pharma SAS
Priority to SI201031271A priority Critical patent/SI2464333T1/en
Publication of EP2464333A2 publication Critical patent/EP2464333A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2464333B1 publication Critical patent/EP2464333B1/en
Priority to HRP20161149TT priority patent/HRP20161149T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0065—Forms with gastric retention, e.g. floating on gastric juice, adhering to gastric mucosa, expanding to prevent passage through the pylorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/63—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide
    • A61K31/635—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide having a heterocyclic ring, e.g. sulfadiazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is floating microgranules, as well as their method of preparation.
  • the oral route remains the path of choice and therefore the most used in the therapeutic field.
  • the gastrointestinal tract has been modeled and studied according to various parameters (transit, pH, surface, presence of specific receptors or transporters). Depending on their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, the active ingredients contained in the drug forms are absorbed at specific levels of the digestive tract.
  • sustained release form delayed release form
  • bioadhesive forms to control the duration and location of the release of the active ingredient.
  • the international application WO 01/10417 describes a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a tablet floating in the stomach, consisting of an active phase comprising an active ingredient in combination with one or more excipients and an inactive phase comprising a system.
  • gas generator CO 2
  • a hydrophilic polymer or a porous mineral compound Preferably, said generating system comprises, in an intimate mixture, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate or an alkali metal bicarbonate, in combination with an acid chosen in particular from mono- and polycarboxylic acids. This intimate blend forms an effervescent couple.
  • International application WO 01/80822 relates to granules effervescent agents and their process of preparation. These granules consist of an effervescent couple and an extrudable binder hot melt.
  • the effervescent couple is a combination of an acidic agent and an alkaline agent, which causes the formation of a gas in the presence of water.
  • the formulations described in WO 01/80822 comprise an acidic agent / basic agent combination.
  • International application WO 02/085336 relates to orodispersible tablets comprising at least one active ingredient, a mixture of excipients, effervescent granules consisting of a mixture of an acidic agent, an alkaline agent and an extrudable binder. hot. These tablets disintegrate in the oral cavity in contact with saliva in less than 60 seconds.
  • Sheth and Tossounian describe a sustained release floating capsule based on the swelling of a cellulosic derivative in the presence of liquid.
  • compositions listed above relate to tablets comprising an acid / base mixture for effervescence.
  • the gastric emptying depends indeed on the nature, the volume, the size and the digestibility of the solid elements present in the stomach. Liquids but also solid particles with a diameter of less than 3-5 mm easily pass the pylorus and will be drained quickly during the digestive phase. This type of particles is a priori penalizing for the active ingredients absorbed very high in the digestive tract. For larger particles such as monolithic forms, they are retained by the pyloric barrier and will be drained only during the inter-digestive periods. Finally, depending on the time of day (fasting or postprandial period), the gastric transit for these monolithic forms will be much larger and may vary from a few tens of minutes to several hours.
  • the tablet is problematic to get a good flotation of the drug form. It becomes necessary in this case to use a large amount of effervescent agent to obtain the desired flotation.
  • the aforementioned Goole works consist in developing mini-tablets with a diameter of three millimeters but using an acid / base pair for effervescence.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to all the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a floating multiparticulate sustained release form, particularly useful for reducing the variability and therefore the reproducibility and to guard against the disadvantages observed with the monolithic forms that are capsules or tablets.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a floating multiparticulate form preserving the wall of the stomach by reducing the risk of local intolerance.
  • the present invention therefore consists in providing a composition specifically designed to obtain a drug form sufficiently titrated in active principle while keeping a sufficiently small size to obtain a satisfactory flotation, and more particularly for the active ingredients having a high absorption in the digestive tract.
  • the present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they also comprise a compound capable of generating a gas evolution consisting of an alkaline agent.
  • the present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they comprise only an alkaline agent as a compound capable of generating a gas evolution.
  • the present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they comprise an alkaline agent and in that they do not comprise an acidic agent as a compound likely to generate a gaseous release.
  • Floating granules according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise, deposited on a support or solid core, at least one active principle, and in that they comprise an agent capable of generating a gassing consisting solely of a alkaline agent.
  • the floating granules according to the invention therefore do not use an acidic agent / alkaline agent mixture as usually in the state of the art.
  • the flotation is obtained by reaction of the acidic stomach fluid when it diffuses within the drug form.
  • Floating granules according to the invention are able to float long enough in the stomach and the multilayer formulation further ensures prolonged diffusion of the active ingredient.
  • the aforementioned alkaline agent can also be supported on said solid support.
  • floating granules according to the invention comprise, supported on said solid core, at least one active ingredient and an alkaline agent which is capable of generating a gas evolution.
  • the aforementioned alkaline agent can also be used directly as a carrier.
  • floating granules according to the invention comprise, supported on a solid core consisting of an alkaline agent, at least one active ingredient.
  • the alkaline agent is used as a solid core on which the active ingredients are supported or it is incorporated in the constituent layers of the granule, namely deposited on a solid support with the active ingredient (s) or present in a layer deposited on top of that formed by the active ingredient (s).
  • the floating granules of the invention are therefore characterized in that they do not comprise an acidic agent capable of generating a gas evolution.
  • acidic agent denotes any mineral or organic acid, in free acid form, acid anhydride or acid salt capable of generating gassing.
  • the floating granules of the invention therefore do not comprise any acid carboxylic acid capable of generating a gassing (that is to say no mono- or polycarboxylic acid).
  • the floating granules of the invention do not comprise an acidic agent in an amount sufficient to allow gassing.
  • the floating granules of the invention are therefore preferably characterized in that they do not comprise an acid having a pH of less than or equal to 4.5 at room temperature.
  • the floating granules of the invention preferably do not include tartaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, adipic acid, nor succinic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, alpha-hydroxy acid, nor ascorbic acid, nor amino acids, nor the salts and derivatives of these acids .
  • the floating granules according to the present invention have a multilayer structure in which the active ingredient is deposited on a support and the other excipients are in turn deposited around this core.
  • Floating granules according to the present invention are characterized in that the alkaline agent, used as a compound capable of generating a gas evolution, is not in contact with an acidic compound.
  • the floating granules according to the invention comprise an acidic compound
  • the alkaline agent and the acidic compound are separated by an intermediate layer.
  • Floating granules according to the present invention are granules in which there is no direct contact between an acidic compound and the alkaline agent used as a compound capable of generating a gaseous release, or any other alkaline compound.
  • the granules of the present invention comprise an acidic compound (as active ingredient or as an excipient)
  • they then comprise films (or layers) intermediate between said acid and said alkaline agent to avoid any contact between them and therefore any reaction between them.
  • These films (or intermediate layers) act as protective films to improve stability.
  • the alkaline agent is deposited on the solid support: in such a case, the particles of active principle and of the alkaline agent are distributed indifferently on the support.
  • the alkaline agent forms another layer independent of the layer formed by the active ingredient.
  • the alkaline agent can therefore be incorporated at different levels of the granules. It can also be used directly as a granule carrier.
  • granule refers to a preparation consisting of dry solid grains, each forming an aggregate of powder particles of sufficient strength to allow various manipulations.
  • the granules are aggregates of crystallized or amorphous powders of various powders.
  • the granules of the present invention are especially intended for oral administration, and more particularly to be swallowed as such.
  • the granules of the present invention have a characteristic heart-bark structure, the heart not being of the same nature as the bark-forming compounds.
  • these granules have a multilayer structure. Indeed, the active ingredient is deposited on the heart and thus forms a layer (or bark) deposited around the heart (or support).
  • the heart of the granules can also be considered as being a support on which the particles of the active principle will be fixed.
  • the heart consists of solid particles and the active ingredient supported by said heart is also in solid form.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the development of a new multiparticulate oral form.
  • the granules of the invention have a layer of active ingredient.
  • this first layer may be covered by other polymeric layers using different coating polymers as well as the various adjuvants commonly used (plasticizers, solubilizers, lubricants, anti-adherents, etc.). These layers can therefore, as previously described, act as protective layers, avoiding the contact between the acidic and alkaline compounds.
  • the floating granules of the invention comprise a solid core preferably chosen from insoluble supports, and more particularly chosen from the group consisting of polyols, gums, derivatives of silica, calcium or potassium derivatives, inorganic compounds such as dicalcium phosphates and tricalcium phosphates, sucrose, cellulose derivatives, especially microcrystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, gluconates, silicates, sugar crystals, and mixtures thereof.
  • insoluble supports preferably chosen from insoluble supports, and more particularly chosen from the group consisting of polyols, gums, derivatives of silica, calcium or potassium derivatives, inorganic compounds such as dicalcium phosphates and tricalcium phosphates, sucrose, cellulose derivatives, especially microcrystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, gluconates, silicates, sugar crystals, and mixtures thereof.
  • the solid core may consist of the alkaline agent.
  • a particular family of granules according to the invention therefore consists of floating granules as defined above in which the active ingredient (s) are deposited on sodium bicarbonate
  • the solid core of the granules may also consist of a mixture of compounds, especially a mixture of insoluble supports.
  • a mixture of sucrose and starch or mineral compounds derived from silica or calcium may be mentioned.
  • the solid core may also consist of soluble supports, among which may be mentioned certain solid grades of PEG (in particular PEG 4000 or PEG 6000).
  • derived from silica refers to silica, and precipitated silicas obtained from alkali silicates, in particular Aerosil ®, or talc, bentonite or kaolin.
  • calcium derivatives refers to crystalline excipients derived from calcium hydroxide, water insoluble products used in medicine as diluents, or fillers and also abrasives.
  • potassium derivatives refers in particular to potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride.
  • magnesium derivatives in particular carbonates or oxides.
  • the alkaline agent is chosen from the group consisting of carbonates and bicarbonates, and is especially chosen from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, glycine carbonate and sodium, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
  • the granules of the invention may also comprise a binder.
  • the role of the binder is to bind the particles together, that is to say, to perfect the cohesion of the granule.
  • the binders make it possible to ensure good cohesion of the active ingredient and the core in the granules.
  • the binders are, like the active ingredient, deposited around the heart of the granules.
  • binders mention may be made of most of the hydrophilic excipients which give viscous solutions: gum arabic and tragacanth, methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, starches, maltodextrins, PEG 4000 and 6000 in alcoholic solution, polyvidone in aqueous or alcoholic solution, and also solutions of sucrose, glucose or sorbitol.
  • the binders of the granules of the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of starch, sucrose, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or polyvidone), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), shellac , hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), cellulose, polyols, polyglycolized glycerides (Gelucire ®) or macrogolglycerides, in particular stearoyl macrogolglycerides, also acrylic derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • polystylitol there may be mentioned in particular mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol or xylitol.
  • the binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, shellac, polyols, polyglycolized glycerides (Gelucire ®) or macrogolglycerides including macrogolglycerides stearoyl, as well as mixtures of them.
  • binder chosen from the groups mentioned above for particular properties; for example, it may be useful to use pH-dependent excipients such as EUDRAGIT ® L100 or shellac as binder.
  • coated granules consist of grains coated with one or more layers of mixtures of various excipients.
  • the preferred coated granules according to the present invention comprise an additional layer consisting of the coating agent.
  • the coating agents present in the granules of the invention are not acidic.
  • the granules of the invention may also comprise a coating consisting of a coating agent chosen from the group consisting of wax derivatives, plasticizers (film-forming agents), shellac, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, cellulose derivatives such as HPMC or HPC, sucrose, glycerides of fatty acids and methacrylic polymers.
  • a coating agent chosen from the group consisting of wax derivatives, plasticizers (film-forming agents), shellac, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, cellulose derivatives such as HPMC or HPC, sucrose, glycerides of fatty acids and methacrylic polymers.
  • wax derivatives refers to natural or synthetic products consisting of esters of fatty acids and alcohols, generally solid at room temperature, used in various ways in drug preparations.
  • the floating granules of the invention may also be coated with a coating film in which one or more excipients such as lubricants, colorants, sweeteners, plasticizers or anti-adhering agents are added.
  • excipients such as lubricants, colorants, sweeteners, plasticizers or anti-adhering agents are added.
  • the granules of the invention may also comprise an enteric coating, in particular consisting of methacrylic polymers, in particular Eudragit ® L, shellac or HPMCP (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose cellulosephtalate - hypromellose phthalate). Such granules are therefore gastro-resistant.
  • enteric coating in particular consisting of methacrylic polymers, in particular Eudragit ® L, shellac or HPMCP (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose cellulosephtalate - hypromellose phthalate).
  • enteric coating in particular consisting of methacrylic polymers, in particular Eudragit ® L, shellac or HPMCP (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose cellulosephtalate - hypromellose phthalate).
  • This enteric coating can influence the bioavailability of the active ingredient, in particular by avoiding its degradation in an acidic medium.
  • the floating granules of the invention may also comprise a coating for sustained release.
  • Such granules allow a modified or delayed release of the active ingredients (modified release granules).
  • Such a coating is obtained with coating agents in particular consist of copolymers of methacrylates and acrylates Eudragit ® S100,
  • Eudragit ® RS Eudragit ® RL
  • Eudragit ® RS Eudragit ® 3OD
  • Eudragit ® RL30D shellac
  • cellulose derivatives including ethylcellulose, waxes (including Gelucire ® ) and acrylic derivatives.
  • Floating granules according to the present invention may also comprise a lubricant and / or an aroma and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant.
  • talc magnesium stearate
  • silica derivatives especially Aerosil ®
  • waxes waxes
  • sweeteners used in the context of the present invention are in particular those listed in Directive 94/35 / EC of 30 June 1994 concerning sweeteners for use in foodstuffs (as amended by Directive 2006/25 / EC of 5 July 2006).
  • aspartame E 951, sorbitol E 420, mannitol E 421, acesulfame-K E 950, saccharin E 954, stevia or thaumatin there may be mentioned aspartame E 951, sorbitol E 420, mannitol E 421, acesulfame-K E 950, saccharin E 954, stevia or thaumatin.
  • the dyes used in the context of the present invention are in particular those listed in Directive 95/45 / EC of 26 July 1995 on colorants that may be used in foodstuffs (as amended by Directive 2006/33 / EC of 20 March 2006). Thus, mention may especially be made of the dyes E 100 to E 180.
  • the floating granules of the invention may comprise any active ingredient used in therapeutic pharmacy, as well as combinations thereof.
  • the active ingredients used for the preparation of the floating granules of the invention are active ingredients with a narrow absorption window or absorbed high in the digestive tract.
  • the active ingredients are not acidic compounds.
  • active ingredients used for the preparation of floating granules according to the invention there may be mentioned in particular: furosemide, tiapride, alfuzosin, captopril, GHB or metformin.
  • the active ingredient is not atenolol.
  • active ingredients having a less specific absorption and non-exhaustively antiviral substances, antidepressant agents, cytostatic agents, hypocholesterolemic agents, analgesics, anti-inflammatory analgesics, diuretics and any other class therapeutic.
  • the dosage form described herein is also of interest in the veterinary, nutraceutical, cosmetic and agricultural fields.
  • analgesics help to eliminate the patient's pain.
  • analgesics include central morphine analgesics (morphine derivatives), central non-morphine analgesics, peripheral analgesics and others such as benzodiazepines.
  • the active ingredients of the granules according to the invention are chosen from the group consisting of nifedipine, morphine sulphate, oxycodone, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid or one of its salts, buprenorphine , modafinil, dextropropoxyphene, methadone, tramadol, nalbuphine, tetrahydrocannabinol and benzodiazepines.
  • the floating granules according to the invention comprise from 0.5% to 60%, preferably from 15% to 50%, by weight of active ingredient relative to the total weight of the granule.
  • the floating granules of the invention comprise from 15% to 70%, preferably from 25% to 50%, by weight of alkaline agent relative to the total weight of the granule.
  • the floating granules of the invention are characterized in that the solid core represents from 20% to 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the granule.
  • the floating granules according to the invention have a diameter of less than 3 mm.
  • This size less than three millimeters ensures a good flotation in the stomach fluid.
  • the small diameter of the granules of the invention and a fortiori their low mass, they can very easily float in the stomach fluid, and without requiring the presence of an excessive amount of compound likely to generate a gaseous release (alkaline agent).
  • small pharmaceutical forms have the disadvantage of having a residence time too short in the stomach. It is therefore unexpected that the granules of the invention do not have this disadvantage. Indeed, these have a residence time in the stomach satisfactory because of their specific structure and chemical modifications performed (presence of 'insulating' layers between acids and bases).
  • floating granules of the invention may also be called “floating microgranules”.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for preparing floating granules as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a step of application by dusting of the active ingredient on a solid particulate support.
  • the method also includes a step of adding the alkaline agent.
  • the alkaline agent is added directly in admixture with the active ingredient and powdered on the support.
  • Such a process therefore consists in applying the active ingredient and the alkaline agent by powdering on a solid particulate support.
  • the alkaline agent is used as a solid support.
  • a method therefore consists in applying by powdering the active ingredient on the alkaline agent constituting a solid particulate support.
  • the method of the invention may also comprise, after the dusting step, a step of coating the granule, in particular by coating the coating agent in the form of a film on the granule, followed, where appropriate, by a coating. step of mixing with a lubricant and / or a flavor and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant.
  • the structure of the granules of the invention is related to the implementation of this particular method which allows the production of granules of heart-shell structure.
  • the above-mentioned powdering step of the process for the preparation of the granules of the invention may also comprise a step of spraying an alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic or aqueous solution of a binder.
  • This spraying step and the dusting step are preferably carried out simultaneously or alternately.
  • the above-mentioned dusting step is carried out concomitantly with a step of spraying a binder in the form of a solution.
  • An advantageous implementation of the process of the invention thus consists in applying the active ingredient, mixed or not with the alkaline agent, in powder form to the aforementioned particulate support (or core of the granules) by alternating binder as a solution.
  • the method of the invention may also comprise, after the dusting step, one or more coating steps of the granule, in particular by coating the coating agent (s) in the form of films on the granule.
  • a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention consists of a process comprising, after the coating step, a step of mixing with a lubricant and / or a flavor and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant, these they can themselves be prepared in the form of granules in order to be finally mixed with the active granules.
  • a step of powder mounting of the furosemide active ingredient on the neutral supports was carried out with intermittent spraying of an alcoholic solution of the PVP binder.
  • a second coating of the granules was carried out with an aqueous suspension comprising a plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) and the agent Aquacoat ® EC30D coating system.
  • a plasticizer dibutyl sebacate
  • the agent Aquacoat ® EC30D coating system was carried out with an aqueous suspension comprising a plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) and the agent Aquacoat ® EC30D coating system.
  • an aqueous suspension containing the active ingredient (MOR 920) and the binder (HPMC) was prepared.
  • a step of powder mounting of the furosemide active ingredient on the mannitol support (Pearlitol 400 DC, Roquette) was carried out with an intermittent spraying of an alcoholic solution of the binder (shellac - GLDB).
  • the granules were then dried in a fluidized air bed.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a floating granule containing a solid core whereon an active principle is mounted. Said floating granule also contains a compound capable of generating a gas evolution consisting of an alkaline agent.

Description

MICROGRANULÉS FLOTTANTS  FLOATING MICROGRANULES
La présente invention a pour objet des microgranulés flottants, ainsi que leur procédé de préparation. The subject of the present invention is floating microgranules, as well as their method of preparation.
De toutes les voies d'administration, la voie orale reste la voie de choix et donc la plus utilisée dans le domaine thérapeutique.  Of all the routes of administration, the oral route remains the path of choice and therefore the most used in the therapeutic field.
A ce titre, la physiologie du tractus gastro-intestinal a été largement étudiée afin d'optimiser les phénomènes d'absorption et d'élimination qui régulent la pharmacocinétique d'un médicament.  As such, the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract has been extensively studied in order to optimize the absorption and elimination phenomena that regulate the pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Le tractus gastro-intestinal a ainsi été modélisé et étudié selon différents paramètres (transit, pH, surface, présence de récepteurs ou transporteurs spécifiques). En fonction de leurs caractéristiques physicochimiques intrinsèques, les principes actifs contenus dans les formes médicamenteuses sont absorbés à des niveaux bien précis du tube digestif.  The gastrointestinal tract has been modeled and studied according to various parameters (transit, pH, surface, presence of specific receptors or transporters). Depending on their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, the active ingredients contained in the drug forms are absorbed at specific levels of the digestive tract.
On dispose ainsi de différentes formes orales en fonction de l'effet recherché : forme à libération prolongée, forme à libération retardée, formes bioadhésives permettant de contrôler la durée et la localisation de la libération du principe actif.  There are thus different oral forms depending on the desired effect: sustained release form, delayed release form, bioadhesive forms to control the duration and location of the release of the active ingredient.
Un paramètre reste difficile à maîtriser : il s'agit de la vidange gastrique ; celle- ci est en effet soumise à une forte variabilité, ce qui est préjudiciable pour la bonne reproductibilité de l'effet thérapeutique recherché. Ce problème est majeur pour les substances médicamenteuses absorbées très haut dans le tube digestif et il s'en suit une perte de biodisponibilité.  One parameter remains difficult to control: it is gastric emptying; this is indeed subject to high variability, which is detrimental to the good reproducibility of the desired therapeutic effect. This problem is major for drugs absorbed very high in the digestive tract and it follows a loss of bioavailability.
Pour remédier à ceci, des solutions galéniques ont été apportées, visant à augmenter le temps de résidence dans l'estomac : différentes formes flottantes ont ainsi été développées.  To remedy this, galenic solutions have been made, aimed at increasing the residence time in the stomach: various floating forms have thus been developed.
La demande internationale WO 01/10417 décrit une composition pharmaceutique se présentant sous forme d'un comprimé flottant dans l'estomac, constituée d'une phase active comprenant un principe actif en association avec un ou plusieurs excipients et une phase non active comprenant un système générateur de gaz (CO2) et un polymère hydrophile ou un composé minéral poreux. De préférence, ledit système générateur comprend, en mélange intime, un carbonate de métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux ou un bicarbonate de métal alcalin, en association avec un acide choisi notamment parmi les acides mono- et polycarboxyliques. Ce mélange intime forme un couple effervescent. The international application WO 01/10417 describes a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a tablet floating in the stomach, consisting of an active phase comprising an active ingredient in combination with one or more excipients and an inactive phase comprising a system. gas generator (CO 2 ) and a hydrophilic polymer or a porous mineral compound. Preferably, said generating system comprises, in an intimate mixture, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate or an alkali metal bicarbonate, in combination with an acid chosen in particular from mono- and polycarboxylic acids. This intimate blend forms an effervescent couple.
La demande internationale WO 01/80822 concerne des granulés effervescents et leur procédé de préparation. Ces granulés sont constitués d'un couple effervescent et d'un liant extrudable thermofusible. Le couple effervescent est une combinaison d'un agent acide et d'un agent alcalin, ceci provoquant la formation d'un gaz en présence d'eau. Ainsi, les formulations décrites dans WO 01/80822 comprennent une combinaison agent acide / agent basique. International application WO 01/80822 relates to granules effervescent agents and their process of preparation. These granules consist of an effervescent couple and an extrudable binder hot melt. The effervescent couple is a combination of an acidic agent and an alkaline agent, which causes the formation of a gas in the presence of water. Thus, the formulations described in WO 01/80822 comprise an acidic agent / basic agent combination.
La demande internationale WO 02/085336 concerne des comprimés orodispersibles comprenant au moins un principe actif, un mélange d'excipients, des granules effervescents constitués d'un mélange d'un agent acide, d'un agent alcalin et d'un liant extrudable à chaud. Ces comprimés se désagrègent dans la cavité buccale au contact de la salive en moins de 60 secondes.  International application WO 02/085336 relates to orodispersible tablets comprising at least one active ingredient, a mixture of excipients, effervescent granules consisting of a mixture of an acidic agent, an alkaline agent and an extrudable binder. hot. These tablets disintegrate in the oral cavity in contact with saliva in less than 60 seconds.
Les travaux de Goole (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 334, 2007, 35- 41 ) décrivent eux des mini-comprimés flottants, de nature matricielle ou enrobée, à libération prolongée. Ces mini-comprimés contiennent systématiquement au minimum un agent actif, un agent liant et un mélange effervescent (acide tartarique, bicarbonate de sodium et carbonate de calcium).  The work of Goole (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 334, 2007, 35-41) describes floating tablets, of a matrix or coated nature, with sustained release. These mini-tablets systematically contain at least one active agent, a binding agent and an effervescent mixture (tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate).
Sheth et Tossounian (US 4 424 235) décrivent eux une gélule flottante à libération prolongée basée sur le gonflement d'un dérivé cellulosique en présence de liquide.  Sheth and Tossounian (US 4,424,235) describe a sustained release floating capsule based on the swelling of a cellulosic derivative in the presence of liquid.
Ainsi, à ce jour, la grande majorité des compositions listées ci-dessus concerne des comprimés comprenant un mélange acide/base pour l'effervescence.  Thus, to date, the vast majority of the compositions listed above relate to tablets comprising an acid / base mixture for effervescence.
Toutefois, le choix de la forme comprimé dans le développement d'une forme flottante n'est pas optimal car il s'agit d'une forme monolithique qui est donc soumise à un phénomène de tout ou rien lors de la vidange gastrique ce qui ajoute encore à la forte variabilité.  However, the choice of the compressed form in the development of a floating form is not optimal because it is a monolithic form which is therefore subjected to an all-or-nothing phenomenon during gastric emptying which adds still with strong variability.
La vidange gastrique dépend en effet de la nature, du volume, de la taille et de la digestibilité des éléments solides présents dans l'estomac. Les liquides mais également les particules solides de diamètre inférieur à 3-5 mm passent facilement le pylore et seront donc vidangés rapidement lors de la phase digestive. Ce type de particules est donc a priori pénalisant pour les principes actifs absorbés très haut dans le tube digestif. Pour les particules de taille plus importantes comme les formes monolithiques, elles sont retenues par la barrière pylorique et ne seront vidangées que dans les périodes inter-digestives. Finalement, en fonction du moment de la journée (à jeun ou période post prandiale), le transit gastrique pour ces formes monolithiques sera beaucoup plus conséquent et pourra varier de quelques dizaines de minutes à plusieurs heures.  The gastric emptying depends indeed on the nature, the volume, the size and the digestibility of the solid elements present in the stomach. Liquids but also solid particles with a diameter of less than 3-5 mm easily pass the pylorus and will be drained quickly during the digestive phase. This type of particles is a priori penalizing for the active ingredients absorbed very high in the digestive tract. For larger particles such as monolithic forms, they are retained by the pyloric barrier and will be drained only during the inter-digestive periods. Finally, depending on the time of day (fasting or postprandial period), the gastric transit for these monolithic forms will be much larger and may vary from a few tens of minutes to several hours.
Egalement de par sa forme et son poids intrinsèques, le comprimé s'avère problématique pour obtenir une bonne flottaison de la forme médicamenteuse. Il devient nécessaire dans ce cas d'utiliser une quantité importante d'agent effervescent pour obtenir la flottaison souhaitée. Also by its intrinsic shape and weight, the tablet is problematic to get a good flotation of the drug form. It becomes necessary in this case to use a large amount of effervescent agent to obtain the desired flotation.
Les systèmes susmentionnés doivent alors utiliser un couple agent acide / agent basique capable de provoquer cette effervescence ce qui ajoute encore au poids et aux dimensions du comprimé et donc finalement gène la flottaison souhaitée. Ainsi, les travaux de Goole susmentionnés consistent à développer des mini-comprimés d'un diamètre de trois millimètres mais utilisant un couple acide / base pour l'effervescence.  The aforementioned systems must then use a pair of acidic agent / basic agent capable of causing this effervescence which adds to the weight and dimensions of the tablet and thus ultimately gene the desired flotation. Thus, the aforementioned Goole works consist in developing mini-tablets with a diameter of three millimeters but using an acid / base pair for effervescence.
La proximité d'un agent acide et d'un agent basique au sein d'une même forme médicamenteuse est problématique en terme de stabilité et notamment dans des conditions d'humidité relative élevée. Cela suppose d'utiliser des conditionnements adaptés (aluminium ou PVDC, voire flacons avec déshydratant).  The proximity of an acidic agent and a basic agent within the same drug form is problematic in terms of stability and especially under conditions of high relative humidity. This requires the use of suitable packaging (aluminum or PVDC or bottles with desiccant).
La présente invention a pour but d'apporter une solution à tous les inconvénients susmentionnés.  The present invention aims to provide a solution to all the aforementioned drawbacks.
Elle a donc pour but de fournir une forme orale permettant d'améliorer la biodisponibilité et la reproductibilité de l'effet thérapeutique pour les principes actifs à fenêtre d'absorption étroite ou absorbés haut dans le tube digestif.  It is therefore intended to provide an oral form for improving the bioavailability and reproducibility of the therapeutic effect for active ingredients with narrow absorption window or absorbed high in the digestive tract.
Un autre but de l'invention consiste à fournir une forme multiparticulaire flottante à libération prolongée, particulièrement utile pour diminuer la variabilité et donc la reproductibilité et permettant de se prémunir des inconvénients observés avec les formes monolithiques que sont les gélules ou les comprimés.  Another object of the invention is to provide a floating multiparticulate sustained release form, particularly useful for reducing the variability and therefore the reproducibility and to guard against the disadvantages observed with the monolithic forms that are capsules or tablets.
Un autre but de la présente invention consiste à fournir une forme multiparticulaire flottante préservant la paroi de l'estomac en diminuant les risques d'intolérance locale.  Another object of the present invention is to provide a floating multiparticulate form preserving the wall of the stomach by reducing the risk of local intolerance.
La présente invention consiste donc à fournir une composition spécifiquement élaborée pour obtenir une forme médicamenteuse suffisamment titrée en principe actif tout en gardant une taille suffisamment restreinte pour obtenir une flottaison satisfaisante, et plus particulièrement pour les principes actifs présentant une absorption haute dans le tractus digestif.  The present invention therefore consists in providing a composition specifically designed to obtain a drug form sufficiently titrated in active principle while keeping a sufficiently small size to obtain a satisfactory flotation, and more particularly for the active ingredients having a high absorption in the digestive tract.
La présente invention concerne donc des granulés flottants comprenant un cœur solide sur lequel est supporté un principe actif, lesdits granulés étant caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent également un composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux constitué d'un agent alcalin.  The present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they also comprise a compound capable of generating a gas evolution consisting of an alkaline agent.
La présente invention concerne donc des granulés flottants comprenant un cœur solide sur lequel est supporté un principe actif, lesdits granulés étant caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent uniquement un agent alcalin à titre de composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux. The present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they comprise only an alkaline agent as a compound capable of generating a gas evolution.
La présente invention concerne donc des granulés flottants comprenant un cœur solide sur lequel est supporté un principe actif, lesdits granulés étant caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent un agent alcalin et en ce qu'ils ne comprennent pas d'agent acide à titre de composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux.  The present invention therefore relates to floating granules comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, said granules being characterized in that they comprise an alkaline agent and in that they do not comprise an acidic agent as a compound likely to generate a gaseous release.
Les granulés flottants selon l'invention sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent, déposé sur un support ou cœur solide, au moins un principe actif, et en ce qu'ils comprennent un agent susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux constitué uniquement d'un agent alcalin.  Floating granules according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise, deposited on a support or solid core, at least one active principle, and in that they comprise an agent capable of generating a gassing consisting solely of a alkaline agent.
Les granulés flottants selon l'invention n'utilisent donc pas de mélange agent acide / agent alcalin comme habituellement dans l'état de la technique. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, la flottaison est obtenue par réaction du liquide stomacal acide lorsqu'il diffuse au sein de la forme médicamenteuse.  The floating granules according to the invention therefore do not use an acidic agent / alkaline agent mixture as usually in the state of the art. In the context of the present invention, the flotation is obtained by reaction of the acidic stomach fluid when it diffuses within the drug form.
Les granulés flottants selon l'invention sont capables de flotter suffisamment longtemps dans l'estomac et la formulation multicouche assure en outre une diffusion prolongée du principe actif.  Floating granules according to the invention are able to float long enough in the stomach and the multilayer formulation further ensures prolonged diffusion of the active ingredient.
Selon la présente invention, l'agent alcalin susmentionné peut être supporté également sur ledit support solide. Ainsi, de tels granulés flottants selon l'invention comprennent, supportés sur ledit cœur solide, au moins un principe actif et un agent alcalin qui est susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux.  According to the present invention, the aforementioned alkaline agent can also be supported on said solid support. Thus, such floating granules according to the invention comprise, supported on said solid core, at least one active ingredient and an alkaline agent which is capable of generating a gas evolution.
Selon la présente invention, l'agent alcalin susmentionné peut être également utilisé directement comme support. Ainsi, de tels granulés flottants selon l'invention comprennent, supporté sur un cœur solide constitué d'un agent alcalin, au moins un principe actif.  According to the present invention, the aforementioned alkaline agent can also be used directly as a carrier. Thus, such floating granules according to the invention comprise, supported on a solid core consisting of an alkaline agent, at least one active ingredient.
Selon la présente invention, l'agent alcalin est utilisé comme cœur solide sur lequel sont supportés les principes actifs ou il est incorporé dans les couches constitutives du granulé, à savoir déposé sur un support solide avec le ou les principes actifs ou présent dans une couche déposée par-dessus celle formée par le ou les principes actifs.  According to the present invention, the alkaline agent is used as a solid core on which the active ingredients are supported or it is incorporated in the constituent layers of the granule, namely deposited on a solid support with the active ingredient (s) or present in a layer deposited on top of that formed by the active ingredient (s).
Les granulés flottants de l'invention sont donc caractérisés en ce qu'ils ne comprennent pas d'agent acide susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux. Par The floating granules of the invention are therefore characterized in that they do not comprise an acidic agent capable of generating a gas evolution. By
"agent acide", on désigne tout acide minéral ou organique, sous forme d'acide libre, d'anhydride d'acide ou de sel d'acide susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux. Les granulés flottants de l'invention ne comprennent donc pas d'acide carboxylique susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux (c'est-à-dire pas d'acide mono- ou polycarboxylique). "acidic agent" denotes any mineral or organic acid, in free acid form, acid anhydride or acid salt capable of generating gassing. The floating granules of the invention therefore do not comprise any acid carboxylic acid capable of generating a gassing (that is to say no mono- or polycarboxylic acid).
De préférence, les granulés flottants de l'invention ne comprennent pas d'agent acide en une quantité suffisante pour permettre un dégagement gazeux.  Preferably, the floating granules of the invention do not comprise an acidic agent in an amount sufficient to allow gassing.
Les granulés flottants de l'invention sont donc de préférence caractérisés en ce qu'ils ne comprennent pas d'acide présentant un pH inférieur ou égal à 4,5 à température ambiante.  The floating granules of the invention are therefore preferably characterized in that they do not comprise an acid having a pH of less than or equal to 4.5 at room temperature.
De préférence, les granulés flottants de l'invention ne comprennent pas d'acide tartarique, ni d'acide tartrique, ni d'acide citrique, ni d'acide maléique, ni d'acide fumarique, ni d'acide malique, ni d'acide adipique, ni d'acide succinique, ni d'acide lactique, ni d'acide glycolique, ni d'alpha-hydroxy acide, ni d'acide ascorbique, ni d'acides aminés, ni les sels et dérivés de ces acides.  The floating granules of the invention preferably do not include tartaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, adipic acid, nor succinic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, alpha-hydroxy acid, nor ascorbic acid, nor amino acids, nor the salts and derivatives of these acids .
Les granulés flottants selon la présente invention présentent une structure multicouche où le principe actif est déposé sur un support et les autres excipients sont à leur tour déposés autour de ce cœur.  The floating granules according to the present invention have a multilayer structure in which the active ingredient is deposited on a support and the other excipients are in turn deposited around this core.
Les granulés flottants selon la présente invention sont caractérisés en ce que l'agent alcalin, utilisé à titre de composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux, n'est pas en contact avec un composé acide.  Floating granules according to the present invention are characterized in that the alkaline agent, used as a compound capable of generating a gas evolution, is not in contact with an acidic compound.
Ainsi, lorsque les granulés flottants selon l'invention comprennent un composé acide, l'agent alcalin et ledit composé acide sont séparés par une couche intermédiaire.  Thus, when the floating granules according to the invention comprise an acidic compound, the alkaline agent and the acidic compound are separated by an intermediate layer.
Les granulés flottants selon la présente invention sont des granulés dans lesquels il n'y a aucun contact direct entre un composé à caractère acide et l'agent alcalin utilisé à titre de composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux, ou tout autre composé alcalin. En effet, si les granulés de la présente invention comprennent un composé à caractère acide (en tant que principe actif ou en tant qu'excipient), ils comprennent alors des films (ou couches) intermédiaires entre ledit acide et ledit agent alcalin pour éviter tout contact entre eux et donc toute réaction entre eux. La présence de tels films intermédiaires permet donc d'obtenir des granulés stables. Ces films (ou couches intermédiaires) jouent le rôle de films protecteurs pour améliorer la stabilité.  Floating granules according to the present invention are granules in which there is no direct contact between an acidic compound and the alkaline agent used as a compound capable of generating a gaseous release, or any other alkaline compound. Indeed, if the granules of the present invention comprise an acidic compound (as active ingredient or as an excipient), they then comprise films (or layers) intermediate between said acid and said alkaline agent to avoid any contact between them and therefore any reaction between them. The presence of such intermediate films thus makes it possible to obtain stable granules. These films (or intermediate layers) act as protective films to improve stability.
Les granulés de l'invention sont donc caractérisés par la présence de couches The granules of the invention are therefore characterized by the presence of layers
"barrières" augmentant la stabilité desdits granulés. Ces couches sont utilisées pour empêcher toute réaction entre les différents constituants desdits granulés. Elles permettent ainsi d'éviter l'apparition du phénomène d'effervescence avant la mise en contact des granulés avec le milieu stomacal. Selon un mode de réalisation des granulés flottants selon la présente invention, l'agent alcalin est déposé sur le support solide : dans un tel cas, les particules de principe actif et de l'agent alcalin sont réparties indifféremment sur le support. Selon un autre mode de réalisation des granulés flottants selon la présente invention, l'agent alcalin forme une autre couche indépendante de la couche formée par le principe actif. "barriers" increasing the stability of said granules. These layers are used to prevent any reaction between the different constituents of said granules. They thus make it possible to avoid the appearance of the phenomenon of effervescence before contacting the granules with the stomach medium. According to one embodiment of the floating granules according to the present invention, the alkaline agent is deposited on the solid support: in such a case, the particles of active principle and of the alkaline agent are distributed indifferently on the support. According to another embodiment of the floating granules according to the present invention, the alkaline agent forms another layer independent of the layer formed by the active ingredient.
L'agent alcalin peut donc être incorporé à différents niveaux des granulés. Il peut également être directement utilisé comme support du granulé.  The alkaline agent can therefore be incorporated at different levels of the granules. It can also be used directly as a granule carrier.
L'expression "granulé" désigne une préparation constituée de grains solides secs, formant chacun un agrégat de particules de poudre d'une solidité suffisante pour permettre diverses manipulations.  The term "granule" refers to a preparation consisting of dry solid grains, each forming an aggregate of powder particles of sufficient strength to allow various manipulations.
Du point de vue physique, les granulés sont des agrégats de particules de poudres diverses cristallisées ou amorphes.  From the physical point of view, the granules are aggregates of crystallized or amorphous powders of various powders.
Les granulés de la présente invention sont notamment destinés à une administration par voie orale, et plus particulièrement à être avalés tels quels.  The granules of the present invention are especially intended for oral administration, and more particularly to be swallowed as such.
Les granulés de la présente invention présentent une structure caractéristique de type cœur-écorce, le cœur n'étant pas de même nature que les composés formant l'écorce.  The granules of the present invention have a characteristic heart-bark structure, the heart not being of the same nature as the bark-forming compounds.
Ainsi, ces granulés présentent une structure multicouche. En effet, le principe actif est déposé sur le cœur et donc forme une couche (ou écorce) déposée autour de ce cœur (ou support).  Thus, these granules have a multilayer structure. Indeed, the active ingredient is deposited on the heart and thus forms a layer (or bark) deposited around the heart (or support).
Le cœur des granulés peut également être considéré comme étant un support sur lequel vont se fixer les particules du principe actif.  The heart of the granules can also be considered as being a support on which the particles of the active principle will be fixed.
Le cœur est constitué de particules solides et le principe actif supporté par ledit cœur est également sous forme solide.  The heart consists of solid particles and the active ingredient supported by said heart is also in solid form.
La présente invention est donc basée sur la mise au point d'une nouvelle forme orale multiparticulaire.  The present invention is therefore based on the development of a new multiparticulate oral form.
Les granulés de l'invention présentent une couche de principe actif.  The granules of the invention have a layer of active ingredient.
En fonction des paramètres pharmacologiques finaux souhaités, cette première couche peut être recouverte par d'autres couches polymériques utilisant différents polymères d'enrobage ainsi que les différents adjuvants couramment utilisés (plastifiants, solubilisants, lubrifiants, anti-adhérants, etc.). Ces couches peuvent donc comme décrit précédemment jouer le rôle de couches de protection, évitant le contact entre les composés acides et alcalins.  Depending on the desired final pharmacological parameters, this first layer may be covered by other polymeric layers using different coating polymers as well as the various adjuvants commonly used (plasticizers, solubilizers, lubricants, anti-adherents, etc.). These layers can therefore, as previously described, act as protective layers, avoiding the contact between the acidic and alkaline compounds.
Les granulés flottants de l'invention comprennent un cœur solide choisi de préférence parmi les supports insolubles, et plus particulièrement choisi dans le groupe constitué des polyols, des gommes, des dérivés de la silice, des dérivés de calcium ou de potassium, des composés minéraux tels que les phosphates dicalciques et les phosphates tricalciques, du saccharose, des dérivés de cellulose, notamment de la cellulose microcristalline, de l'éthylcellulose et de l'hydroxypropylméthylcellulose, de l'amidon, des gluconates, des silicates, des cristaux de sucre, et des mélanges de ceux-ci. The floating granules of the invention comprise a solid core preferably chosen from insoluble supports, and more particularly chosen from the group consisting of polyols, gums, derivatives of silica, calcium or potassium derivatives, inorganic compounds such as dicalcium phosphates and tricalcium phosphates, sucrose, cellulose derivatives, especially microcrystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, gluconates, silicates, sugar crystals, and mixtures thereof.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, comme indiqué ci-dessus, le cœur solide peut être constitué de l'agent alcalin. Une famille particulière de granulés selon l'invention est donc constituée de granulés flottants tels que définis ci-dessus dans lesquels le ou les principes actifs sont déposés sur du bicarbonate de sodium According to a particular embodiment, as indicated above, the solid core may consist of the alkaline agent. A particular family of granules according to the invention therefore consists of floating granules as defined above in which the active ingredient (s) are deposited on sodium bicarbonate
(constituant à la fois le cœur des granulés et l'agent alcalin susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux). (constituting both the core of the granules and the alkaline agent capable of generating a gas evolution).
Le cœur solide des granulés peut également être constitué d'un mélange de composés, notamment d'un mélange de supports insolubles. Ainsi, on peut notamment citer le mélange formé de saccharose et d'amidon ou de composés minéraux dérivés de la silice ou du calcium.  The solid core of the granules may also consist of a mixture of compounds, especially a mixture of insoluble supports. Thus, there may be mentioned the mixture of sucrose and starch or mineral compounds derived from silica or calcium.
Le cœur solide peut également être constitué de supports solubles parmi lesquels on peut citer certains grades solides de PEG (notamment PEG 4000 ou PEG 6000).  The solid core may also consist of soluble supports, among which may be mentioned certain solid grades of PEG (in particular PEG 4000 or PEG 6000).
L'expression "dérivés de la silice" désigne la silice ainsi que les silices précipitées obtenues à partir de silicates alcalins, notamment Aerosil®, ou encore le talc, la bentonite ou le kaolin. The term "derived from silica" refers to silica, and precipitated silicas obtained from alkali silicates, in particular Aerosil ®, or talc, bentonite or kaolin.
L'expression "dérivés de calcium" désigne des excipients cristallins dérivés de l'hydroxyde de calcium, des produits insolubles dans l'eau utilisés en médecine comme diluants, ou des agents de charges et également abrasifs.  The term "calcium derivatives" refers to crystalline excipients derived from calcium hydroxide, water insoluble products used in medicine as diluents, or fillers and also abrasives.
L'expression "dérivés de potassium" désigne notamment le bicarbonate de potassium et le chlorure de potassium.  The term "potassium derivatives" refers in particular to potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride.
Parmi les supports insolubles formant le cœur des granulés de l'invention, on peut également citer les dérivés du magnésium (notamment carbonates ou oxydes).  Among the insoluble supports forming the core of the granules of the invention, mention may also be made of magnesium derivatives (in particular carbonates or oxides).
De préférence, dans les granulés flottants selon l'invention, l'agent alcalin est choisi dans le groupe constitué des carbonates et bicarbonates, et est notamment choisi dans le groupe constitué du bicarbonate de sodium, du carbonate de sodium, du carbonate de glycine de sodium, du bicarbonate de potassium, du carbonate de magnésium, du carbonate de calcium et de leurs mélanges.  Preferably, in the floating granules according to the invention, the alkaline agent is chosen from the group consisting of carbonates and bicarbonates, and is especially chosen from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, glycine carbonate and sodium, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
Les granulés de l'invention peuvent également comprendre un liant.  The granules of the invention may also comprise a binder.
Le rôle du liant est de lier entre elles les particules, c'est-à-dire de parfaire la cohésion du granulé. Ainsi, les liants permettent d'assurer une bonne cohésion du principe actif et du cœur dans les granulés. The role of the binder is to bind the particles together, that is to say, to perfect the cohesion of the granule. Thus, the binders make it possible to ensure good cohesion of the active ingredient and the core in the granules.
Ainsi, les liants se trouvent, comme le principe actif, déposés autour du cœur des granulés.  Thus, the binders are, like the active ingredient, deposited around the heart of the granules.
Comme liants, on peut citer la plupart des excipients hydrophiles qui donnent des solutions visqueuses : gommes arabique et adragante, méthylcellulose et carboxyméthylcellulose, gélatine, amidons, maltodextrines, PEG 4000 et 6000 en solution alcoolique, polyvidone en solution aqueuse ou alcoolique, et aussi des solutions de saccharose, de glucose ou de sorbitol.  As binders, mention may be made of most of the hydrophilic excipients which give viscous solutions: gum arabic and tragacanth, methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, starches, maltodextrins, PEG 4000 and 6000 in alcoholic solution, polyvidone in aqueous or alcoholic solution, and also solutions of sucrose, glucose or sorbitol.
Les liants des granulés de l'invention sont de préférence choisis dans le groupe constitué de l'amidon, du saccharose, de la gomme arabique, de la polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP ou polyvidone), de l'hydroxypropylméthylcellulose (HPMC), de la gomme laque, de l'hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), de la cellulose, des polyols, des glycérides polyglycolysés (Gelucire®) ou des macrogolglycérides, notamment macrogolglycérides de stéaroyle, également dérivés acryliques, ainsi que des mélanges de ceux-ci. The binders of the granules of the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of starch, sucrose, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or polyvidone), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), shellac , hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), cellulose, polyols, polyglycolized glycerides (Gelucire ®) or macrogolglycerides, in particular stearoyl macrogolglycerides, also acrylic derivatives and mixtures thereof.
Parmi les polyols, on peut citer notamment le mannitol, le sorbitol, le maltitol ou le xylitol.  Among the polyols, there may be mentioned in particular mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol or xylitol.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les liants sont de préférence choisis dans le groupe constitué de la polyvinylpyrrolidone, de la gomme laque, des polyols, des glycérides polyglycolysés (Gelucire®) ou des macrogolglycérides, notamment macrogolglycérides de stéaroyle, ainsi que des mélanges de ceux-ci. According to a particular embodiment, the binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, shellac, polyols, polyglycolized glycerides (Gelucire ®) or macrogolglycerides including macrogolglycerides stearoyl, as well as mixtures of them.
On peut également utiliser un liant choisi dans les groupes cités ci-dessus pour des propriétés particulières ; par exemple il peut être utile d'utiliser comme liant des excipients pH-dépendants tels que EUDRAGIT® L100 ou de la gomme laque.It is also possible to use a binder chosen from the groups mentioned above for particular properties; for example, it may be useful to use pH-dependent excipients such as EUDRAGIT ® L100 or shellac as binder.
On peut également choisir d'utiliser préférentiellement des glycérides polyglycolysésOne can also choose to preferentially use polyglycolysed glycerides
(Gelucire®) pour leur caractère hydrophobe. (Gelucire ® ) for their hydrophobic character.
Les granulés enrobés sont constitués de grains enrobés d'une ou de plusieurs couches de mélanges d'excipients divers.  The coated granules consist of grains coated with one or more layers of mixtures of various excipients.
Ainsi, les granulés enrobés préférés selon la présente invention comprennent une couche supplémentaire constituée de l'agent d'enrobage.  Thus, the preferred coated granules according to the present invention comprise an additional layer consisting of the coating agent.
De préférence, les agents d'enrobage présents dans les granulés de l'invention ne sont pas acides.  Preferably, the coating agents present in the granules of the invention are not acidic.
Les granulés de l'invention peuvent également comprendre un enrobage constitué par un agent d'enrobage choisi dans le groupe constitué des dérivés de cire, des plastifiants (agents filmogènes), de la gomme laque, de la polyvinylpyrrolidone, du polyéthylène glycol, des dérivés cellulosiques tels que HPMC ou HPC, du saccharose, des glycérides d'acides gras et des polymères méthacryliques. The granules of the invention may also comprise a coating consisting of a coating agent chosen from the group consisting of wax derivatives, plasticizers (film-forming agents), shellac, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, cellulose derivatives such as HPMC or HPC, sucrose, glycerides of fatty acids and methacrylic polymers.
L'expression "dérivés de cire" désigne des produits naturels ou synthétiques constitués d'esters d'acides gras et d'alcools, en général solides à température ambiante, utilisés à différents titres dans les préparations médicamenteuses.  The term "wax derivatives" refers to natural or synthetic products consisting of esters of fatty acids and alcohols, generally solid at room temperature, used in various ways in drug preparations.
Les granulés flottants de l'invention peuvent également être enrobés par un film d'enrobage dans lequel sont ajoutés un ou plusieurs excipients tels que des lubrifiants, des colorants, des édulcorants, des plastifiants ou des agents anti- adhérants.  The floating granules of the invention may also be coated with a coating film in which one or more excipients such as lubricants, colorants, sweeteners, plasticizers or anti-adhering agents are added.
Les granulés de l'invention peuvent aussi comprendre un enrobage entérique, notamment constitué de polymères méthacryliques, notamment Eudragit® L, de gomme laque ou de HPMCP (hydroxypropylméthyl-cellulosephtalate - hypromellose phtalate). De tels granulés sont donc gastro-résistants. The granules of the invention may also comprise an enteric coating, in particular consisting of methacrylic polymers, in particular Eudragit ® L, shellac or HPMCP (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose cellulosephtalate - hypromellose phthalate). Such granules are therefore gastro-resistant.
La présence de cet enrobage entérique peut influer sur la biodisponibilité du principe actif, notamment en évitant sa dégradation en milieu acide.  The presence of this enteric coating can influence the bioavailability of the active ingredient, in particular by avoiding its degradation in an acidic medium.
Les granulés flottants de l'invention peuvent également comprendre un enrobage pour libération prolongée.  The floating granules of the invention may also comprise a coating for sustained release.
De tels granulés permettent une libération modifiée ou retardée des principes actifs (granulés à libération modifiée).  Such granules allow a modified or delayed release of the active ingredients (modified release granules).
Un tel enrobage est obtenu avec des agents d'enrobage notamment constitués de copolymères de méthacrylates et d'acrylates Eudragit® S100,Such a coating is obtained with coating agents in particular consist of copolymers of methacrylates and acrylates Eudragit ® S100,
Eudragit® RS, Eudragit® RL, Eudragit® RS, Eudragit® 3OD, Eudragit® RL30D, de gomme laque, de dérivés de la cellulose, notamment d'éthylcellulose, de cires (notamment Gelucire®) et de dérivés acryliques. Eudragit ® RS, Eudragit ® RL, Eudragit ® RS, Eudragit ® 3OD, Eudragit ® RL30D, shellac, cellulose derivatives including ethylcellulose, waxes (including Gelucire ® ) and acrylic derivatives.
La présence de cet enrobage pour libération modifiée influence notamment la demi-vie apparente du principe actif.  The presence of this coating for modified release notably influences the apparent half-life of the active ingredient.
Les granulés flottants selon la présente invention peuvent également comprendre un lubrifiant et/ou un arôme et/ou un édulcorant et/ou un colorant.  Floating granules according to the present invention may also comprise a lubricant and / or an aroma and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant.
Parmi les lubrifiants mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la présente invention, on peut notamment citer le talc, le stéarate de magnésium, les dérivés de silice (notamment Aerosil®) ou les cires. Among the lubricants used in the context of the present invention, there may be mentioned talc, magnesium stearate, silica derivatives (especially Aerosil ® ) or waxes.
Parmi les arômes mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la présente invention, on peut citer les arômes classiquement utilisés dans les additifs alimentaires.  Among the flavors used in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of the flavors conventionally used in food additives.
Les édulcorants mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la présente invention sont notamment ceux listés dans la directive 94/35/CE du 30 juin 1994 concernant les édulcorants destinés à être employés dans les denrées alimentaires (modifiée par la directive 2006/25/CE du 5 juillet 2006). Ainsi, on peut notamment citer l'aspartame E 951 , le sorbitol E 420, le mannitol E 421 , l'acésulfame-K E 950, la saccharine E 954, stevia ou la thaumatine. The sweeteners used in the context of the present invention are in particular those listed in Directive 94/35 / EC of 30 June 1994 concerning sweeteners for use in foodstuffs (as amended by Directive 2006/25 / EC of 5 July 2006). Thus, there may be mentioned aspartame E 951, sorbitol E 420, mannitol E 421, acesulfame-K E 950, saccharin E 954, stevia or thaumatin.
Les colorants mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la présente invention sont notamment ceux listés dans la directive 95/45/CE du 26 juillet 1995 concernant les colorants pouvant être employés dans les denrées alimentaires (modifiée par la directive 2006/33/CE du 20 mars 2006). Ainsi, on peut notamment citer les colorants E 100 à E 180.  The dyes used in the context of the present invention are in particular those listed in Directive 95/45 / EC of 26 July 1995 on colorants that may be used in foodstuffs (as amended by Directive 2006/33 / EC of 20 March 2006). Thus, mention may especially be made of the dyes E 100 to E 180.
Les granulés flottants de l'invention peuvent comprendre tout principe actif utilisé en pharmacie thérapeutique, ainsi que des associations de ceux-ci. De préférence, les principes actifs utilisés pour la préparation des granulés flottants de l'invention sont des principes actifs à fenêtre d'absorption étroite ou absorbés haut dans le tube digestif.  The floating granules of the invention may comprise any active ingredient used in therapeutic pharmacy, as well as combinations thereof. Preferably, the active ingredients used for the preparation of the floating granules of the invention are active ingredients with a narrow absorption window or absorbed high in the digestive tract.
De préférence, les principes actifs ne sont pas des composés acides.  Preferably, the active ingredients are not acidic compounds.
Parmi les principes actifs utilisés pour la préparation des granulés flottants selon l'invention, on peut citer notamment : le furosémide, le tiapride, l'alfuzosine, le captopril, le GHB ou la metformine. De préférence, le principe actif n'est pas l'aténolol.  Among the active ingredients used for the preparation of floating granules according to the invention, there may be mentioned in particular: furosemide, tiapride, alfuzosin, captopril, GHB or metformin. Preferably, the active ingredient is not atenolol.
Cependant, on peut également citer les principes actifs présentant une absorption moins spécifique et de façon non exhaustive les substances antivirales, les agents antidépresseurs, les agents cytostatiques, les agents hypocholestérolémiants, les antalgiques, les analgésiques anti-inflammatoires, les diurétiques et toute autre classe thérapeutique.  However, there may also be mentioned the active ingredients having a less specific absorption and non-exhaustively antiviral substances, antidepressant agents, cytostatic agents, hypocholesterolemic agents, analgesics, anti-inflammatory analgesics, diuretics and any other class therapeutic.
La forme galénique décrite ici présente également un intérêt dans les domaines vétérinaires, nutraceutiques, cosmétiques et de l'agriculture.  The dosage form described herein is also of interest in the veterinary, nutraceutical, cosmetic and agricultural fields.
Parmi les principes actifs préférés, on peut citer les antalgiques et les analgésiques. Les analgésiques permettent d'éliminer la douleur du patient. Parmi les classes d'analgésiques, on peut notamment citer les analgésiques centraux morphiniques (dérivés de morphine), les analgésiques centraux non morphiniques, les analgésiques périphériques et autres tels que les benzodiazépines.  Among the preferred active ingredients include analgesics and analgesics. Analgesics help to eliminate the patient's pain. Among the classes of analgesics are central morphine analgesics (morphine derivatives), central non-morphine analgesics, peripheral analgesics and others such as benzodiazepines.
De préférence, les principes actifs des granulés selon l'invention sont choisis dans le groupe constitué de la nifédipine, du sulfate de morphine, de l'oxycodone, de l'acide gamma-hydroxybutyrique ou l'un de ses sels, de la buprénorphine, du modafinil, du dextropropoxyphène, de la méthadone, du tramadol, de la nalbuphine, du tétrahydrocannabinol et des benzodiazépines. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les granulés flottants selon l'invention comprennent de 0,5% à 60%, de préférence de 15% à 50%, en poids de principe actif par rapport au poids total du granulé. Preferably, the active ingredients of the granules according to the invention are chosen from the group consisting of nifedipine, morphine sulphate, oxycodone, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid or one of its salts, buprenorphine , modafinil, dextropropoxyphene, methadone, tramadol, nalbuphine, tetrahydrocannabinol and benzodiazepines. According to a preferred embodiment, the floating granules according to the invention comprise from 0.5% to 60%, preferably from 15% to 50%, by weight of active ingredient relative to the total weight of the granule.
De préférence, les granulés flottants de l'invention comprennent de 15% à 70%, de préférence de 25% à 50%, en poids d'agent alcalin par rapport au poids total du granulé.  Preferably, the floating granules of the invention comprise from 15% to 70%, preferably from 25% to 50%, by weight of alkaline agent relative to the total weight of the granule.
De préférence, les granulés flottants de l'invention sont caractérisés en ce que le cœur solide représente de 20% à 80% en poids par rapport au poids total du granulé.  Preferably, the floating granules of the invention are characterized in that the solid core represents from 20% to 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the granule.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, les granulés flottants selon l'invention présentent un diamètre inférieur à 3 mm.  According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the floating granules according to the invention have a diameter of less than 3 mm.
Cette taille inférieure à trois millimètres permet de garantir une bonne flottaison dans le liquide stomacal.  This size less than three millimeters ensures a good flotation in the stomach fluid.
En raison du petit diamètre des granulés de l'invention, et a fortiori de leur faible masse, ceux-ci peuvent très facilement flotter dans le liquide stomacal, et ce sans nécessiter la présence d'une quantité trop importante de composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux (agent alcalin). Toutefois, il est connu que des formes pharmaceutiques de petite taille présentent l'inconvénient d'avoir un temps de séjour trop court dans l'estomac. Il est donc inattendu que les granulés de l'invention ne présentent pas cet inconvénient. En effet, ceux-ci présentent un temps de séjour dans l'estomac satisfaisant en raison de leur structure spécifique et des modifications chimiques effectuées (présence des couches 'isolantes' entre les acides et les bases).  Because of the small diameter of the granules of the invention, and a fortiori their low mass, they can very easily float in the stomach fluid, and without requiring the presence of an excessive amount of compound likely to generate a gaseous release (alkaline agent). However, it is known that small pharmaceutical forms have the disadvantage of having a residence time too short in the stomach. It is therefore unexpected that the granules of the invention do not have this disadvantage. Indeed, these have a residence time in the stomach satisfactory because of their specific structure and chemical modifications performed (presence of 'insulating' layers between acids and bases).
Ainsi, les granulés flottants de l'invention peuvent également être dénommés "microgranulés flottants".  Thus, the floating granules of the invention may also be called "floating microgranules".
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de préparation de granulés flottants tel que défini ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'application par poudrage du principe actif sur un support particulaire solide.  The present invention also relates to a method for preparing floating granules as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a step of application by dusting of the active ingredient on a solid particulate support.
Le procédé comprend également une étape consistant à ajouter l'agent alcalin.  The method also includes a step of adding the alkaline agent.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'agent alcalin est ajouté directement en mélange avec le principe actif et poudré sur le support. Un tel procédé consiste donc à appliquer par poudrage le principe actif et l'agent alcalin sur un support particulaire solide.  According to a particular embodiment, the alkaline agent is added directly in admixture with the active ingredient and powdered on the support. Such a process therefore consists in applying the active ingredient and the alkaline agent by powdering on a solid particulate support.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'agent alcalin est utilisé comme support solide. Ainsi, un tel procédé consiste donc à appliquer par poudrage le principe actif sur l'agent alcalin constituant un support particulaire solide. According to a particular embodiment, the alkaline agent is used as a solid support. Thus, such a method therefore consists in applying by powdering the active ingredient on the alkaline agent constituting a solid particulate support.
Le procédé de l'invention peut également comprendre, après l'étape de poudrage, une étape d'enrobage du granulé, notamment en déposant par pelliculage l'agent enrobant sous forme de film sur le granulé, suivie, le cas échéant d'une étape de mélange avec un lubrifiant et/ou un arôme et/ou un édulcorant et/ou un colorant.  The method of the invention may also comprise, after the dusting step, a step of coating the granule, in particular by coating the coating agent in the form of a film on the granule, followed, where appropriate, by a coating. step of mixing with a lubricant and / or a flavor and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant.
La structure des granulés de l'invention est liée à la mise en œuvre de ce procédé particulier qui permet l'obtention de granulés de structure cœur-écorce.  The structure of the granules of the invention is related to the implementation of this particular method which allows the production of granules of heart-shell structure.
L'étape de poudrage susmentionnée du procédé pour la préparation des granulés de l'invention peut également comprendre une étape de pulvérisation d'une solution alcoolique ou hydroalcoolique ou aqueuse d'un liant.  The above-mentioned powdering step of the process for the preparation of the granules of the invention may also comprise a step of spraying an alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic or aqueous solution of a binder.
Cette étape de pulvérisation et l'étape de poudrage sont de préférence effectuées de façon simultanée ou alternée.  This spraying step and the dusting step are preferably carried out simultaneously or alternately.
De préférence, l'étape de poudrage susmentionnée est effectuée de façon concomitante avec une étape de pulvérisation d'un liant sous forme de solution.  Preferably, the above-mentioned dusting step is carried out concomitantly with a step of spraying a binder in the form of a solution.
La combinaison de ces étapes permet d'assurer une bonne cohésion du principe actif sur le cœur des granulés.  The combination of these steps ensures good cohesion of the active ingredient on the heart of the granules.
Une mise en œuvre avantageuse du procédé de l'invention consiste ainsi à appliquer le principe actif, mélangé ou non avec l'agent alcalin, sous forme de poudre sur le support particulaire susmentionné (ou cœur des granulés) en alternant des séquences de pulvérisation du liant sous forme de solution.  An advantageous implementation of the process of the invention thus consists in applying the active ingredient, mixed or not with the alkaline agent, in powder form to the aforementioned particulate support (or core of the granules) by alternating binder as a solution.
Le procédé de l'invention peut également comprendre, après l'étape de poudrage, une ou plusieurs étapes d'enrobage du granulé, notamment en déposant par pelliculage le ou les agents enrobants sous forme de films sur le granulé.  The method of the invention may also comprise, after the dusting step, one or more coating steps of the granule, in particular by coating the coating agent (s) in the form of films on the granule.
Un mode de réalisation préféré du procédé de l'invention consiste en un procédé comprenant, après l'étape d'enrobage, une étape de mélange avec un lubrifiant et/ou un arôme et/ou un édulcorant et/ou un colorant, ceux-ci pouvant être eux-mêmes préparés sous forme de granulés afin d'être finalement mélangés aux granulés actifs.  A preferred embodiment of the process of the invention consists of a process comprising, after the coating step, a step of mixing with a lubricant and / or a flavor and / or a sweetener and / or a colorant, these they can themselves be prepared in the form of granules in order to be finally mixed with the active granules.
Toutefois les lubrifiants, arômes, édulcorants et colorants peuvent être également ajoutés avant l'étape de poudrage susmentionnée. EXEMPLES However, lubricants, flavors, sweeteners and colorants may also be added before the aforementioned powdering step. EXAMPLES
Les exemples ci-après concernent des exemples particuliers de granulés flottants de l'invention. The examples below relate to particular examples of floating granules of the invention.
Exemple 1 : Granulés flottants à base de furosémide Example 1 Floating Granules Based on Furosemide
Les granulés susmentionnés sont obtenus en suivant le mode opératoire suivant : The aforementioned granules are obtained by following the following procedure:
Dans un premier temps, on a effectué une étape de montage par poudrage du principe actif furosémide sur les neutres supports avec une pulvérisation intermittente d'une solution alcoolique du liant PVP.  In a first step, a step of powder mounting of the furosemide active ingredient on the neutral supports was carried out with intermittent spraying of an alcoholic solution of the PVP binder.
On a ensuite effectué un premier enrobage des granulés obtenus précédemment en ajoutant les agents alcalins (carbonate de calcium et bicarbonate de sodium) ainsi qu'un composé de type cire (Gélucire®). Was then performed a first coating of the granules obtained above by adding alkaline agents (calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) and a compound of wax-like (Gelucire ®).
Enfin, on a effectué un deuxième enrobage des granulés avec une suspension aqueuse comprenant un plastifiant (dibutylsébaçate) et l'agent d'enrobage Aquacoat® EC30D. Finally, a second coating of the granules was carried out with an aqueous suspension comprising a plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) and the agent Aquacoat ® EC30D coating system.
Exemple 2 : Granulés flottants à base de nifédipine Example 2 Floating Pellets Based on Nifedipine
Les granulés susmentionnés sont obtenus en suivant le mode opératoire suivant : The aforementioned granules are obtained by following the following procedure:
Dans un premier temps, on a préparé une suspension aqueuse contenant le principe actif (MOR 920) et le liant (HPMC).  First, an aqueous suspension containing the active ingredient (MOR 920) and the binder (HPMC) was prepared.
Ladite suspension a été ensuite pulvérisée sur le support constitué de bicarbonate de sodium (agent alcalin) et les granulés ont ensuite été séchés dans un lit d'air fluidisé.  Said suspension was then sprayed on the support consisting of sodium bicarbonate (alkaline agent) and the granules were then dried in a fluidized air bed.
On a ensuite effectué un enrobage LP des granulés obtenus précédemment avec une suspension aqueuse comprenant un plastifiant (triéthylcitrate), du talc, l'agent d'enrobage Eudragit® FS30D et le colorant. Exemple 3 : Granulés flottants à base de métformine LP coating of the granules obtained above was then carried out with an aqueous suspension comprising a plasticizer (triethyl citrate), talc, the coating agent Eudragit ® FS30D and the dye. Example 3: Floating granules based on metformin
Les granulés susmentionnés sont obtenus en suivant le mode opératoire suivant : The aforementioned granules are obtained by following the following procedure:
Dans un premier temps, on a effectué une étape de montage par poudrage du principe actif furosémide sur le support mannitol (Pearlitol 400 DC, Roquette) avec une pulvérisation intermittente d'une solution alcoolique du liant (gomme laque - GLDB).  In a first step, a step of powder mounting of the furosemide active ingredient on the mannitol support (Pearlitol 400 DC, Roquette) was carried out with an intermittent spraying of an alcoholic solution of the binder (shellac - GLDB).
Les granulés ont ensuite été séchés dans un lit d'air fluidisé.  The granules were then dried in a fluidized air bed.
On a ensuite effectué un enrobage des granulés obtenus précédemment en déposant l'agent alcalin (bicarbonate de sodium) et en pulvérisant une suspension alcoolique comprenant l'agent d'enrobage Eudragit® E100 avec l'éthylcellulose, et finalement le composé Précirol® ATO 5 (Gattefossé). This was followed by coating of the granules obtained above by depositing the alkali agent (sodium bicarbonate) and spraying an alcoholic suspension comprising the coating agent Eudragit ® E100 with ethylcellulose, and finally the compound Precirol ® ATO 5 (Gattefossé).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Granulé flottant comprenant un cœur solide sur lequel est supporté un principe actif, et comprenant également un composé susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux constitué d'un agent alcalin, ledit granulé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il ne comprend pas d'agent acide susceptible de générer un dégagement gazeux. Floating granulate comprising a solid core on which an active ingredient is supported, and also comprising a compound capable of generating a gas evolution consisting of an alkaline agent, said granule being characterized in that it does not comprise an acidic agent likely to generate a gaseous release.
2. Granulé flottant selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'agent alcalin n'est pas en contact avec un composé acide. 2. Floating granulate according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkaline agent is not in contact with an acidic compound.
3. Granulé flottant selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel, lorsqu'il comprend un composé acide, l'agent alcalin et ledit composé acide sont séparés par une couche intermédiaire. Floating granulate according to claim 1, wherein, when it comprises an acidic compound, the alkaline agent and said acidic compound are separated by an intermediate layer.
4. Granulé flottant selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il ne comprend pas de composé acide. 4. Floating pellet according to claim 1, characterized in that it does not comprise an acidic compound.
5. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'agent alcalin est choisi dans le groupe constitué des carbonates et bicarbonates, et est notamment choisi dans le groupe constitué du bicarbonate de sodium, du carbonate de sodium, du carbonate de glycine de sodium, du bicarbonate de potassium, du carbonate de magnésium et du carbonate de calcium. 5. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the alkaline agent is selected from the group consisting of carbonates and bicarbonates, and is especially selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium, sodium glycine carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
6. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le cœur solide est choisi parmi les supports insolubles, et plus particulièrement choisi dans le groupe constitué des polyols, des gommes, des dérivés de la silice, des dérivés de calcium ou de potassium, des composés minéraux tels que les phosphates dicalciques et les phosphates tricalciques, du saccharose, des dérivés de cellulose, notamment de la cellulose microcristalline, de l'éthylcellulose et de l'hydroxypropylméthyl-cellulose, de l'amidon, des gluconates, des silicates, des cristaux de sucre, et des mélanges de ceux-ci. 6. Floating granule according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the solid core is selected from insoluble supports, and more particularly selected from the group consisting of polyols, gums, derivatives of silica, calcium or potassium derivatives, mineral compounds such as dicalcium phosphates and tricalcium phosphates, sucrose, cellulose derivatives, especially microcrystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, starch , gluconates, silicates, sugar crystals, and mixtures thereof.
7. Granulé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'agent alcalin constitue le cœur solide sur lequel est supporté le principe actif. 7. Granule according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the alkaline agent is the solid core on which the active ingredient is supported.
8. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un liant, notamment choisi dans le groupe constitué des maltodextrines, de l'amidon, du saccharose, de la gomme arabique, de la polyvinylpyrrolidone, de l'hydroxypropylméthylcellulose, de la gomme laque, de l'hydroxypropylcellulose, de la cellulose, des polyols ou de leurs mélanges. 8. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a binder, in particular selected from the group consisting of maltodextrins, starch, sucrose, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, shellac, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose, polyols or mixtures thereof.
9. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est enrobé, notamment par un agent d'enrobage choisi dans le groupe constitué de la gomme laque, de la polyvinylpyrrolidone, du polyéthylène glycol, des dérivés cellulosiques tels que HPMC ou HPC, du saccharose, des glycérides d'acides gras, et de leurs mélanges. 9. Floating granule according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is coated, in particular with a coating agent selected from the group consisting of shellac, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, cellulosic derivatives such as HPMC or HPC, sucrose, glycerides of fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.
10. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le principe actif est choisi dans le groupe constitué des antalgiques et des analgésiques. 10. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of analgesics and analgesics.
11. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend de 0,5% à 60% en poids de principe actif par rapport au poids total du granulé. 11. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises from 0.5% to 60% by weight of active ingredient relative to the total weight of the granule.
12. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend de 15% à 70% en poids d'agent alcalin par rapport au poids total du granulé. 12. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises from 15% to 70% by weight of alkaline agent relative to the total weight of the granule.
13. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 , caractérisé en ce que le cœur solide représente de 20% à 80% en poids par rapport au poids total du granulé. 13. Floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the solid core is from 20% to 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the granule.
14. Granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, présentant un diamètre inférieur à 3 μm. 14. Floating pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 12, having a diameter less than 3 microns.
15. Procédé de préparation d'un granulé flottant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'application par poudrage du principe actif sur le support insoluble et une étape d'addition de l'agent alcalin. 15. Process for the preparation of a floating granulate according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises a step of application by powdering of the active ingredient on the insoluble support and a step of adding the alkaline agent.
16. Procédé de préparation d'un granulé flottant selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'application par poudrage du principe actif sur l'agent alcalin constituant le cœur solide sur lequel est supporté ledit principe actif. 16. A method for preparing a floating granule according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a step of application by dusting of the active ingredient on the alkaline agent constituting the solid core on which said active ingredient is supported.
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