Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
  • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/06—Energy recovery
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
  • F16K39/02—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves
  • F16K39/024—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves using an auxiliary valve on the main valve
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/18—Specific valves
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
  • B01D2313/246—Energy recovery means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
  • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

• This invention relates to the field of valves specifically designed for the control of fluids in an energy recovery device used in the process of desalination of a solute, typically seawater, by reverse osmosis, and in particular, to a universal valve which may be configured as either a non-actuated valve or an actuated valve that utilizes interchangeable components in a manner which reduces the energy required to actuate the valve while also improving fluid dynamics.
• Reverse osmosis is a process which uses a force that is in reverse of the normal osmotic pressure to force a solution containing a solute (e.g.. seawater ⁇ through a semipermeable membrane.
• This process has the effect of splitting the solute stream info a permeate stream and a waste stream.
• the permeate stream has a very low sail content and Is typically potable.
• the waste stream has a higher concentration of salt than the solute and is known as '-concentrate.”
• the reverse osmosis process requires substantial energy to separate the solute into a permeate stream and a concentrate stream ⁇ stng semipermeable membranes. This energy is primarily required to power high-pressure pumps that are used to drive fluids through the membranes,
• a work exchanger is an energy recovery device used to reduce the net energy required by the reverse osmosis process by recovering the potential (pressure) energy contained in the concentrate leaving the reverse osmosis (semi-permeable) membrane module.
• the amount of potential energy contained in the concentrate stream is typically sixty percent ⁇ 60% ⁇ of the total energy required by the reverse osmosis process when applied to a solute such as seawater.
• Work exchanger energy recovery devices have the potential to increase efficiency by recovering as much as ninety-eigrit percent (98%) of the potential energy contained in the concentrate stream
• the process of recovering the energy from the concentrate stream is achieved by directing the concentrate stream directly against the Sow-pressure solute about to be desalinated immediately before it contacts the membranes of the reverse osmosis component of the desaiination device. This is accomplished by placing a vessel filled with solute at atmospheric or slightly above atmospheric pressure in contact with the concentrate stream that is at high- pressure. The high-pressure is transferred virtually instantly to the low-pressure solute that becomes pressurized to the same level as the high-pressure concentrate stream. This process is made continuous by a work exchanger system, typically comprised of pairs of pressure vessels operating in an appropriate sequence.
• Each pressure vessel has at least two ports: a concentrate port at one end, and a solute port at the other end, Each pair of vessels may further include a component (referred to herein as a "septum") which freely slides between the ports (or. alternatively, the interface between the high-pressure and low-pressure fluids may serve as the septum).
• a system of valves connect and disconnect the concentrate ports to a high-pressure waste stream concentrate line, a low-pressure discharge concentrate line, a low-pressure solute (feed) line and a high-pressure solute (feed) line.
• Each pressure vessel performs a two-stroke cycle.
• the concentrate port is connected to the high-pressure concentrate line, while the feed port is connected to the high-pressure feed line.
• the vessel is filed with high-pressure concentrate that displaces the septum back toward the feed port to direct feed into the high-pressure feed line and toward the reverse osmosis membranes.
• the concentrate port is connected to the concentrate discharge line while the feed port is connected to the low-pressure soiute feed Sine.
• the vessel is filed with low-pressure feed that displaces the septum towards the concentrate port and concentrate is discharged through the no ⁇ - or Sow-pressurized discharge Sine.
• Valve design is critical to the operation of a work exchanger device
• a typical work exchange system includes various configurations of valves which control the flow of pressurized solute, typically seawater, and concentrate through the reverse osmosis process and which are used to make the process continuous.
• wiS! focus on seawater as the solute.
• a work exchange device is comprised of one or more pairs of vessels.
• Each vesseS includes two types of valves; a seawater valve type and a concentrate valve type.
• the seawater valves are generally non-actuated check valves that open and close in response to the pressure and flow of concentrate through the actuated concentrate valves,
• An actuator controls the concentrate valve type,
• the concentrate vaives are opened and closed to control the flow of high-pressure concentrate into the vessel and the discharge of the de-pressurized concentrate.
• the concentrate valves may be poppet style valves, butterfly, ball, spool or other valves known in the art. Electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, or any other practical type of valve actuator may actuate these vaives.
• valve system that allows for customized manufacturing and interchangeability of component parts of concentrate and feed valves in order to maximize the valve sealing capabiiity and improve control and synchronization of the opening and dosing of valves.
• actuated means moved by an actuator.
• actuated valve means an embodiment of a universal valve that is controlled by an actuator (e.g. including but not limited to a concentrate vaive as discussed in exemplary embodiments herein)
• the actuated (e g., concentrate) valves are opened and ciosed to control the flow of hsgh-pressure concentrate into the vessel and the discharge of the de-pressurized concentrate.
• the concentrate valves may be poppet style valves, butterfly, ball, spool or other valves known in the art. These valves may be actuated by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or any other practical type of vaive actuator,
• actuator means any mechanized method of moving a valve component including but not limited to a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, an electric actuator or any other actuator known in the art.
• actuated stem assembly means a stem assembly, which is configured so that an actuator may be attached to move the actuated stem assembly.
• balance means a condition of moving toward a state of pressure equalization or equilibrium.
• the term “complementary” means one component or feature which operates in conjunction with another component or feature to enhance functionality
• the term “concentrate” means the waste byproduct of the reverse osmosis desalination process.
• disk assembly- ss the rnovs ⁇ g component of a valve attached to a stem which comes in contact with the valve seat to form a seal.
• a disk assembly may be a non-actuated disk assembly or an actuated disk assembly.
• feed means the solute stream which is to be desalinated
• the term "function" as applied to a valve means any utilitarian feature of a va!ve including whether it regulates the flow of seawater, concentrate or other fi ⁇ id, whether it is actuated or non-actuated, the position of the vaive within the work exchanger, whether the vaive operates as a poppet valve or check vaive, is niulti-directo ⁇ al or unidirectional, or any other vaive characteristic related to function,
• Interchangeable orifice or “interchangeable orifice component,” “orifice,” “passage -' “orifice passage” or “orifice aperture” mean a vaive component having an orifice, passage, or configuration to facilitate pressurizalion and d ⁇ pressurization and to control the flow of fluid which may be removed, replaced or selectively included within a valve.
• Interchangeable orifice components include, but are not limited to, components having varying orifice sizes and geometric configurations.
• non-actuated valve is an embodiment of a universa ⁇ valve that is not controlled by an actuator ⁇ e,g,, including but not limited to a seawater valve that opens and closes in response to the pressure and flow of concentrate through the actuated concentrate valves).
• plenum means any cavity or interior space within a vaive body
• the term 'poppet valve means a vaive having a stem assembly, a seat and a vaive disk.
• pressurriation and “de-pressurization” mean a controlled change of the pressure state of a work exchanger vessel, valve, piping and/or any other work exchanger component.
• protuberance means any protruding structural configuration to facilitate pressurization and de-pr ⁇ ssurization in combination with an orifice
• the term "seat” is the interior surface in the body of the vaive that comes in contact with the valve disk to form a seal, and may be of the same or different materia! than the valve body.
• the seat may be integrally constructed or a separate component from the valve body.
• a seat may differ in design and configuration for an actuated valve and a non- actuated vaive,
• a seat may be a separately configured and seiecfiveiy attachable component, wh sch may or may not be universal.
• septum means a component wthin a work exchanger vessel which separates the solute and concentrate.
• the septum may be a physical component or a zone created by the interface between the solute and concentrate,
• stem assem&fy is any shaft attached to a valve disk and/or disk assembly.
• a stem assembly may be an actuated stem assembly configured for attachment to an actuator or a non-actuated stem assembly,
• tubular means any elongated component, including a cylindrical, square, hollow, solid or other elongated structural component.
• tubular guide or “tubuiar vaive guide” means a confined area, within which a stem assembly moves thereby defining the plane of motion within which the disk assembly moves.
• universal means interchangeable or capable of being combined or reconfigured to serve muitipSe uses in actuated valves and/or non-actuated valves.
• universal valve body means a body of a valve which may be combined with various disk assemblies, seat assembles, or other interchangeable orifice components.
• universal valve system means a system of interchangeable vaive components (universal vaive components) that may be selected for assembly of both actuated valve and non-actuated vaive embodiments within a common valve body,
• work exchanger means a device for recovering energy from a process and reusing it in the process.
• Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary work exchanger (within dotted lines) applied to reverse osmosis.
• Figure 2 illustrates a universal vaive body.
• Figure 3a is a perspective view of non-actuated vaive.
• Ftg ⁇ re 3b is a sectional view of non-actuated vaive in the open position.
• Figure 3c is a sectional view a non-actuated va ⁇ ve in the closed position.
• Figure 4a is a perspective view of an actuated vaive.
• Figure 4b is a sectional view of one embodiment of an actuated valve in a partially open position.
• Figure 5a illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an actuated stem having a wassted portion.
• Figure 5b illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an actuated stem in the fully closed position.
• Figure 6a is an exploded view of an exemplary interchangeable orifice component
• Figure 6b is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an interchangeable orifice component.
• Figure 6c is a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an orifice and protuberance set.
• the invention disclosed herein is a valve for a work exchanger device which can be assembled in various actuated and non-actuated valve embodiments using a common, universal valve body, Ac ⁇ tuated embodiments may further include at least one orifice adapted to provide pressurization or de-pressurizafion before a disk is lifted off a seat to open or partially open a valve,
• the universal valve disclosed herein includes at least one universal vaive body having a plenum; at least one disk assembly selected from a group of disk assemblies according to the function of a particular universal vaive within the work exchanger device (i.e., as an "interchangeable" disk assemby configured to move siicJingiy within a universal vaive body); and at least one interchangeable stem assembly selected from a group of interchangeable stem assemblies according f ⁇ the function of a particular universal valve within the work exchanger device (i.e. as an interchangeable" stem assembly).
• the stem assembly is fixedly attached to at least one disk assembly, and is further configured to move within a hollow, tubular valve guide.
• Actuated embodiments of the universal vaive include stem and disk components and assemblies configured for attachment to an actuator.
• Actuated embodiments of the universal valve disclosed herein further include at least one orifice or orifice passage to substantially balance the pressure across said disk assembly (in a controlled manner) to reduce the energy required to move the disk assembly within the work exchanger device
• the stem assembly may include at least one passage connecting the plenum to the orifice (i.e., oriftce passages) to substantially balance the pressure across the disk assembly in order to reduce the energy required to move the disk assembly within the work exchanger device when the passage is in the open position.
• the stem assembly may further include a complementary configuration of orifices and passages which facilitate the d ⁇ -pressurization of a work exchanger vessel, with the orifices operating to reduce the energy required to move the disk assembly.
• the terms “substantially” or “approximately” may apply to any quantitative representation without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related.
• one embodiment of the universal valve disclosed herein may include components that serve the function of a poppet valve, check valve, actuated valve, non- actuated valve, seawater valve, or concentrate valve as these terms are defined.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary work exchanger system 1000 for energy recovery within the reverse osmosis process.
• Work exchanger 1000 utilizes work exchanger vessels 30, work exchanger septum 40, non-actuated valve 100 (which operates as a check valve), and actuated valve 200 with actuator 170 which operates cooperatively with high-pressure feed pump 10, semi-permeable membrane 20. and high-pressure booster punip 60.
• FIG. 2 illustrates universal valve body 110, which is a valve-housing component that may be used in the assembly of both a non-actuated vaive 100, as discussed infra, and an actuated valve 200, as discussed infra.
• Universal valve body 110 can be configured using an array of universal valve components to construct either an actuated vaive embodiment or a non- actuated valve embodiment, thus creating valves that have a uniform housing and outer surface components.
• Universal valve components comprise a system of "modular" or interchangeable valve components to be selected and assembled withtn universal valve body 110.
• universal valve body 110 is comprised of a generally cylindrical metal housing having side port 130 and end port 132 disposed at one end and one side of universal valve body 110. Additional interchangeable components within this system are discussed infra (e.g. interchangeable orifice component 158 as shown in Figure 5).
• Figure 3a is a perspective view of non-actuated valve 100 using universal vaive body 110, with side port 130 and end port 132.
• non- actuated valve 100 functions as a vaive that may be functionally referred to in the art as a "check vaive” or “seawater” valve, and which occupies a housing (universal valve body 110) identical to an actuated valve embodiment (discussed infra in Figures 4a and 4b).
• Figure 3b is a sectional view of non-actuated vaive 100, which is one embodiment which uses universal vaive body 110 m the open position Sn the exemplary embodiment shown, seat 15 is universal, but in other embodiments seat 15 need not be universal in the exemplary embodiment shown, seat 15 may be utilized for both actuated (concentrate) and non- actuated (seawater) universal vaive assemblies, and may be separately attached or integrally constructed within universal valve body 110.
• Seat 15 may further be universal (i.e., capable of being used interchangeably with actuated and non-actuated valve embodiments), Sn various embodiments, seat 15 may be separately attached or integrally constructed within non-actuated disk assembly 150, Figure 3b further shows side port 130, end port 132, universal valve body 110, non-actuated disk assembly 150, non-actuated stem assembly 120 and plenum 140.
• Figure 3c illustrates a sectional view of the components of non-actuated valve 100 in the closed position.
• non-actuated disk assembly 150 When the pressure is lower inside of plenum 140 than that at the end port 132, non-actuated disk assembly 150 will be lifted off seat 15.
• Figure 3c aiso illustrates universal valve body 110 and side port 130.
• FIG 4a is a perspective view of actuated valve 200 (which is a vaive embodiment which utilizes universal valve body 110) illustrating an actuated valve embodiment of a valve assembly using universal valve body 110.
• Actuated stem assembly 160 is a component that is configured so that an actuator may be attached to actuated stem assembly 160
• Actuator 170 may be any suitable actuator known in the art (including but not limited to a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, an electric actuator or any other actuator known in the art).
• Universal valve body 110 is comprised of a generally cylindrical metal housing having side port 130 and sn ⁇ port 132 (not visible) disposed at one end and one side of universal vaive body 110.
• Actuated disk assembly 154 (not visible) is moved to either the open or closed position by means of actuator 170 affixed to actuated stem assembly 160.
• Figure 4b is a sectional view of actuated vaive 200 in the partially open position and is an embodiment that does not incorporate an interchangeable orifice.
• orifice passage 158 can be used to achieve a partial flow through the valve when actuated disk assembly 154 is stil! seated (not shown ⁇ , dosed by orifice passage sea! 157.
• Figure 4b further illustrates universal valve body 110, plenum 140, colter 189, orifice passage 156, and actuated stem assembly 160 that is a component of actuated stem assembly 160.
• Actuated stem assembly 160 is configured for attachment to actuator 170.
• Actuator 170 moves actuated stem assembly 160 which moves actuated disk assembly 154,
• Actuated disk assembly 154 is adapted to conform to the movement of actuated stem assembly 160 to the open or closed position.
• Universal valve body 110 is comprised of a generally cySindricaS meta! housing having side port 130 and end port 132 disposed at one end and one side of universal valve body 110.
• Actuated vaive 200 is moved to either the open or closed position by means of actuator 170 affixed to actuated stem assembly 1SO.
• Actuator 170 is located externally to the vaive body in the embodiments shown and in axial agreement with actuated stem assembly 160, actuated disk assembly 154 and tubular valve guide 164.
• actuator 170 When actuator 170 is moved to the ciosed position of the actuated valve 200, actuated stem assembly 160 forces actuated disk assembly 154 tightly against seat 15. and the orifice passage seal 157 ⁇ or protuberance 159 ⁇ doses the orifice passage 156 (or orifice 198 ⁇ and seals the passage against flow in e»!her direction (Ref. detail in Fig. 5a and 5b).
• Figures Sa and 5b illustrate actuated stem assembly 160 slidingly fixed to the actuated disk assembly 154 by collar 189 of the actuated disk assembly 154.
• initial movement of the actuated stem assembly 160 from the closed position removes protuberance 159 (alternate embodiment of orifice passage seal 157 appears in Figure 5b ⁇ from the orifice 198 and allows fluid to move from the higher pressure plenum 140 through annular passage 188, orifice passage 156 and the interchangeable o ⁇ fice component 158 (discussed infra and illustrated in Figures 5a, 5b, 6a, ⁇ b and 6c), Maintaining actuator 170 (not shown) in this position for an adequate time, determined solely by project specific needs based on the volume of the fluid in the project system, ensures that the pressure is equalized or nearly equalized across the valve disk.
• orifice passage 156 and interchangeable orifice component 158 may be made large enough to achieve the equalization or near equalization within the time allowed by the norma! movement of actuator 170 (not shown) which is a standard commercially available actuator known in the art.
• Actuated stem assembly 160 and actuated disk assembly 154 are located axiaily to the centerSine of the valve body 110.
• FIG. 1 Figure? Sa and 5b further illustrate the flow of fluid through passages which are spaces created by notches, contouring or other structural configurations of the stem assembly commonly known in the art as a waisted portion.
• Annular passage 188 is formed within the annular space between collar 189 (a non-stationary but secure point of attachment between valve actuated disk assembly 154 and actuated valve stem assembly 160) and the waisted potion of the actuated stem 153.
• Annular passage 188 is a channel through collar 189 leading to the orifice passage 156 in actuated disk assembly 154, which allows pressure in the plenum 140 to be released in a controlled fashion that minimizes and/or reduces cavitation and "water hammer.”
• valve actuator 170 not shown ⁇
• the actuated stem assembly 160 withdraws within the collar 189 of the actuated disk assembly 154 allowing flow through annular passage 1SS, orifice passage 156 and orifice 19S.
• the smallest diameter of these passages, orifice 198 (which may be the actual hydraulic or effective diameter) restricts the flow of fluid through the valve prior to the disk being Sifted from the valve seat when the valve stem assembly is further moved by actuator 170 (no!
• Complete sealing of the orifice passage 156 is desirable but not mandatory in a practical embodiment. Complete sealing of the orifice passage 156 to stop partial equalization of pressure can be achieved with the incorporation of a replaceable orifice passage sea! 157. Orifice passage seals may be interchangeable to compensate for wear, erosion or other change that may occur over time. It may also be desirable to change the material of orifice passage sea! 157 to meet project-specific requirements.
• the orifice passage sea! 157 shall be affixed to the actuated shaft assembly using techniques well known in the art (e,g,, threaded, press-fit or other methods suitable for the materials selected for the project).
• Figures 5a and 5b also shows orifice socket 197 within actuated disk assembly 154.
• Figures 6a and 6b illustrate an exemplary embodiment of interchangeable orifice component 158.
• Figure 6a is an exploded view of interchangeable orifice component 158
• Figure 6b is an assembled view of interchangeable orifice component 158 in actuated disk assembly 154.
• Actuated valve 200 ( Figures 4a, 4b) may incorporate interchangeable orifice component 158.
• Interchangeable orifice components 158 are physical structures in which orifices 198 of varying sizes are mounted in an orifice socket 137 within the actuated disk assembly 154 to narrow the effective diameter (which may be the actual, hydraulic or effective diameter) of the orifice passage 156,
• interchangeable orifice component 158 is a threaded cylindrical component with an orifice 198 that is less in diameter than orifice passage 158.
• interchangeable orifice component 158 may be non-threaded, or may be a shape that is non-cylindrical or irregular, or a structure that partially or substantiaiy blocks flow rather than narrows the diameter of orifice passage 156.
• Figure 6c illustrates orifice protuberance 159.
• the control achieved by the interchangeable orifice component 158 may be enhanced or alternately achieved by the use of a protuberance 159.
• Protuberance 159 is positioned within orifice passage 156 and within a tapered version of interchangeable orifice component 158.
• the use of protuberance 159 with tapered interchangeable orifice component 158 creates a variable area control point.
• Protuberance 159 may be comprised of interchangeable protuberance components of various lengths and tapers which can be used to improve the effectiveness of the actuated contro! valve as to minimizing cavitation and mitigating water hammer.
• protuberance 159 (such as length, diameter, taper or length of non-tapered sections), can be calculated based on simple geometric relationships to provide progressive equalization flow rate rather than a sudden abrupt equalization flow.
• the protuberance geometry can be calculated based on the anticipated movement parameters of a given actuator, such as speed or dwell/delay in certain actuator positions.
• Protuberance 159 can be comprised of a number of protuberance components of various geometries in order to improve the effectiveness of the actuated control valve as to minimizing cavitation and mitigating water hammer on a case by case basss since cavitation and water hammer are affected by total system volume due to the compressivity of fluid and expansion of components.
• the dimensions and shape of the fluid passage area and configuration of orifice and orifice passage 158, interchangeable orifice components 158 and protuberance 159 permit flow of the process fluid from side port 130 to the end port 132 without significant obstruction or pressure loss.

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• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-06-02 EP EP09789743A patent/EP2459914A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-06-02 WO PCT/US2009/046005 patent/WO2010141013A1/en active Application Filing

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