EP1718814A1

EP1718814A1 - Method and auxiliary agent for producing concrete elements, especially concrete semi-finished products and/or concrete surfaces, and auxiliary agent for producing concrete surfaces

Info

Publication number: EP1718814A1
Application number: EP05706525A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Volker Haag; Karsten Pfeffer; Alex Hauser; Dejan Krecov
Original assignee: Cobiax Technologies AG
Current assignee: Cobiax Technologies AG
Priority date: 2004-02-25
Filing date: 2005-02-22
Publication date: 2006-11-08
Also published as: US20070186506A1; HK1097016A1; EA200601541A1; AU2005214473B2; CN1926292A; NZ549346A; US7897073B2; AU2005214473A1; NO20064303L; JP4723561B2; CN1926292B; CA2557321A1; EA008297B1; JP2007524016A; EP1568827A1; WO2005080704A1

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to simplify the production of concrete surfaces by means of displacers (240). To this end, the displacers are embodied e.g. as plastic balls (240) or plastic shells, and are locked in lattices (230) which are open on one side, preferably downwardly, and said modules can then be pressed into a first or second concrete layer that can already contain a first reinforcement mesh. The thus produced semi-finished product can then be covered with a concrete mass during the subsequent finishing process.

Description

Methods and aids for the production of concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete products and / or concrete ceilings, and aids for the production of concrete ceilings

The present invention relates to a method for producing concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete products and / or concrete ceilings. According to a second aspect, the invention further relates to aids for producing concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete products and / or concrete ceilings. In a third aspect of

Invention concrete parts, in particular semi-finished concrete and / or concrete ceilings are concerned.

The German published patent application DE-A-2 116 479 describes spherical core bodies for concrete slabs, each of which is provided with two through holes intersecting at right angles in the center of the body. The core bodies can therefore be lined up on correspondingly crossing reinforcing bars which can be fastened to a reinforcement. Then the areal

Arrangement of the core body with the reinforcing iron and the reinforcement to form the flat ceiling.

European published patent application EP-A-0 552 201 describes a hollow floor slab with reinforced concrete in a two-dimensional structure, in which each closed plastic hollow sphere is individually in a reinforcement lattice network of steel rods are captured equally spaced in both vertical directions. The reinforcement grid network consists of an upper, essentially planar network which is connected by wires or the like to a lower, essentially likewise planar network. It is essential for the implementation of the invention known from EP-A-0 552 201, according to the information given there, that the displacement bodies protrude into the upper and the lower reinforcing grid network. This not only appears to be unnecessary, but also disadvantageous, since it prevents an odularity of the design principle and this must be produced exclusively by means of specially produced grids with correspondingly dimensioned grid openings for the displacement bodies.

The production of a flat ceiling according to EP-A-0 552 201 requires the use of specially made list mats or special mats. This requires either the existence of a list mesh welding system in the precast plant or the procurement of comparatively expensive structural steel mesh from an external mesh manufacturer.

Adapted lattice girders are also required, which must be inserted exactly between the lower and the upper reinforcement. Since the hollow bodies form a unit with the load-bearing reinforcement and the lattice girders, only project-related manufacture is possible. This means that a separately dimensioned and calculated latticework must be made for each type of flat ceiling to be produced.

After all, it is known from the above-mentioned patent publications that it can be advantageous if, in the static rather neutral zone of a concrete ceiling, etc.

Light body can be installed as this area for Strength of the blanket is not able to make any significant contribution and therefore a weight saving is possible and sensible.

However, it has been found that modular production of a concrete layer that is lighter in the middle area with the prefabrication of semi-finished products, in this case of semi-finished concrete products, would represent a significant simplification. This simplification can be increased further by the fact that displacement body elements are also provided for the production of the semi-finished concrete product, which can then be installed as standard in the semi-finished products or - in the case of continuous production - in the concrete parts.

From JP-A-2003/321894 a module is known which is supposed to be put over a large number of displacement bodies as a positioning aid in order to arrange them over a semi-finished concrete ceiling. However, this version has the disadvantage, among other things, that the positioning itself must be carried out on the building and the prefabrication of the modules cannot be carried out as far as would be desired.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of simplifying the flat ceiling module mentioned at the outset. In particular, the invention has the object of specifying a method in which the manufacturing disadvantages of the prior art do not occur. Furthermore, tools are to be proposed which enable a simplified and, in particular, modular production method for concrete parts. Corresponding concrete parts should also be proposed. It is desirable for the invention that flexible recesses in the cross-section of the ceiling for the installation of pretension, ventilation ducts, heating lines, cooling lines, electrical lines, sanitary lines etc. are modularly possible and can be provided.

The invention solves the problem by a method according to The first step of the measures of the invention is that the proposed method enables semi-finished concrete products to be produced in series or virtually in series. Furthermore, the modules with the displacement bodies can be mass-produced largely independently of the masses of the later semi-finished products and the finished ceilings.

For this purpose, it is provided according to the present invention that a hollow body strip from the latticework with a linear row of the displacement bodies is independent of the static and dynamic properties of the flat ceiling and - in relation to the hollow body strip - is self-supporting. The invention preferably decouples the function of the concrete displacement by the displacement body from the load-bearing function of the reinforcement. The invention thus becomes independent of the properties of the respective project and enables rational production of standard modules which only need to be cut to the desired length on the construction site or in the precast plant.

In particular, a project-related arrangement of the hollow body strips (modules) makes it possible for flexible recesses in the cross-section of the ceiling for the installation of prestressing, ventilation ducts, heating lines, cooling lines, electrical lines, sanitary lines, etc. to be modular and possible.

The dimensioning of the bars forming the lattice is only determined by the fact that the module with the relatively light displacement bodies remains self-supporting.

The module is therefore relatively light in weight and can be manipulated with light dishes. The module according to the invention is simply placed on the fully calculated flat slab board and, if necessary, connected to the reinforcement only to the extent that this is necessary to fix the module in position. However, the module is preferably pressed or shaken into the concrete that can still be processed. Welding work is not necessary to carry out the invention either in the precast plant or at the construction site. If a flat ceiling board requires the placement of several parallel modules, these do not have to be connected to each other. The rods can be made of structural steel or plastic or other materials. Then the module or the modules and the flat ceiling board are poured together with concrete. The displacers can either consist of hollow bodies such as hollow spheres, hollow half-shells open or closed at the bottom, hollow ellipsoids or hollow cuboids or hollow cubes or similar shapes made of plastic or similar, or of a solid material of the mentioned or other geometric figures, which is much lighter than concrete.

The module according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it has a plurality of parallel strips which are connected to one another in order to fix the relative position to one another. The cross-sectional shape of the latticework can expediently be adapted to the position of the respective reinforcement for the flat slab in order to be able to conveniently fix the module or modules to the reinforcement.

Compared to the teaching of JP-A-2003/321894, the module design proposed by the present invention has, in particular, transport and prefabrication advantages.

These prefabrication advantages are particularly important

Wear when modules are just standing up

Reinforcing elements of the concrete can be arranged.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

The aforementioned, as well as the claimed elements to be used according to the invention and described in the following exemplary embodiments are subject to their size, design, use of materials and technical con zeption no special exceptions, so that the selection criteria known in the respective area of application can be used without restriction. In particular, metal grids, in particular steel components that are customary in construction, but also plastic components, in particular, for example, carbide fiber (KfK) or aramid fiber reinforced plastic, can be used on the one hand for grating-like encasing of the displacement bodies, without the choice of materials being restricted in any way. It should also be pointed out that the measures of the invention can be carried out both for prefabrication in a precast concrete plant and for the production of concrete ceilings using the in-situ concrete process (in situ).

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention result from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which - by way of example - a corresponding method, the advantageous aids and a concrete cover for the present invention are explained.

The drawings show:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of a module with displacement bodies captured in a lattice structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a front view of a module according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a typical structural steel mat before it is cut and bent for use in accordance with the present invention to produce a lattice structure according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a front view of a side-by-side arrangement. th multitude of modules according to FIG. 1, placed on a reinforced concrete layer;

Figure 5 is a plan view of an arrangement according to Figure 5 with a plurality of such modules arranged one behind the other and next to each other;

Figure 6 is a front view of a second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a front view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows a perspective side view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 8;

Figure 10 is a top perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 8;

FIG. 11 shows a perspective oblique view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 8; and

Figure 12 is a perspective oblique view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

The module designated by 200 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for a first exemplary embodiment consists of an element consisting of a list mat 220 shown in FIG. 3 and cut on line 210, which is then bent along the two inner bars by an angle of approximately 95 ° is. In this lattice structure 230, which is open at the bottom, is pressed in 8 to 10 plastic balls 240 (plastic bale) in the exemplary embodiment, at most by relieving the two side lattices somewhat at the position of the indentation. In the exemplary embodiment, the lattice structure is designed such that the plastic balls 240 protrude upward from the lattice. This ensures a stable construction.

In a special embodiment of the invention, the displacement bodies are not designed as whole balls, but are flattened on the upper side, so that they form a - preferably walkable - defined surface. In this case, the displacement bodies are oriented in their position.

In a further embodiment, which can be combined with the foregoing, the displacement bodies are designed in several parts, the individual - here two - parts with a locking system, e.g. a bayonet lock or a click lock.

A large number of the modules 200 described above are then shown side by side in FIGS. 4 and 5. They touch in the upper area without being connected to each other. In Figure 5, the modules 200 are already pressed into a first concrete layer.

The method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is carried out in the steps described below: First, semi-finished products, namely prefabricated, partially reinforced concrete slabs are produced. These intended semi-finished products are manufactured using the following process: a. A first layer 1 of concrete mass is poured into a formwork and made to tighten.

b. A reinforcement mat 2 is placed on the hardened first layer 1. The reinforcement mat 2 consists of conventional structural steel mesh.

c. A second layer 3 of concrete mass is filled into the formwork on the first layer 1 and the reinforcement mat 2 and brought to tighten.

d. Elements 200 with a large number of displacement bodies arranged next to one another, in the exemplary embodiment plastic balls 240, are pressed into the hardened but still workable second layer 3. The plurality of plastic balls (displacers) 240 arranged next to one another are each arranged in a lattice work 230 as described above, the plastic balls 240 partially protruding upward from the lattice work.

e. The concrete masses are hardened and the semi-finished product is removed from the formwork.

Steps a to c can of course also be combined in a common step, in which case the reinforcement is held in position by any means well known in the art during the filling of the concrete mass.

The semi-finished product thus produced is intended to be processed in the following way:

a. The semi-finished product is laid on the construction site on the prepared sprout.

b. At most, there will be another reinforcement mat on the Hollow body strips (modules) of the semi-finished product.

c. Another layer of concrete is applied. This further concreting process can be freely selected in terms of the number of concrete layers to be introduced according to the requirements. The last layer of concrete then forms the top of the finished concrete slab.

In a special embodiment of the method according to the invention described here, there are additional lattice girders which protrude upward from the prefabricated concrete before the modules 200 are arranged. These additional lattice girders then form rows between which, in this particular exemplary embodiment, two modules 200 are inserted without being connected to them. In this exemplary embodiment, the distance between these rows of lattice girders and the width of the modules 200 are of course dependent on one another. It is essential, however, that the height of the lattice girders - in contrast to the prior art according to EP - A-0 552 201 - are completely independent of the hollow body strips (modules) and are not connected to them.

In a second embodiment according to FIG. 6, the lattice cages are only bent by an angle of 90 °. The grid construction is therefore rectangular. In this case, the displacement balls 340 made of plastic (hollow) are flattened at the top and bottom. In this exemplary embodiment, they are also closed at the bottom; alternatively, they can also be open at the bottom. This embodiment is an optimization for thin ceilings, as well as the linear installation space in the longitudinal direction, with a typical ball diameter of 22.5 cm and a height of 18 cm (due to the flattening of the balls).

In a third exemplary embodiment according to FIG Lattice bars 430 are now bent by approx. 115 ° and the displacers 440 are alternatively open at the bottom: spherical half-shells closed at the bottom with an upper flattening.On the displacement bodies 440, which are open at the bottom, care must be taken to ensure that they are partially covered when filling the concrete mass be filled with concrete from the inside, but this problem can be solved by pressing firmly. This concept is also particularly suitable for thin concrete ceilings, leaving the honeycomb construction of the first embodiment.

In a fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 11, the grids 530 are not formed laterally with vertical bars, but rather each with a triangular construction. In the present exemplary embodiment, the triangular construction is offset on each side by half a triangular width. The advantage of this embodiment is that the lattice girder function is integrated into the lattice construction. As a result, the additional lattice girders as reinforcement elements (FIG. 4) can be dispensed with in any case. It should be pointed out that the lattice construction in this exemplary embodiment is not produced by bending list mats, but by a special production. It is therefore also readily possible to form the triangular elements from a material, such as steel bars or automotive bars, which is very solid in the exemplary embodiment, and a second one, for the longitudinal connection and the upper cross connection

Embodiment less resilient - use material (possibly thinner). In a variation of this embodiment, a grid with inserted displacement balls is shown - as the fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the side grid elements are designed as wavy rods, resulting in a optimal adjustment of the balance of power.

The person skilled in the art is free here, and it is taught by this description that, according to the present invention, he can freely combine the individual features with one another.

Claims

claims

1. A method for the production of concrete parts, in particular of semi-finished concrete, with the steps that a first layer of concrete mass is poured into a formwork and brought to be tightened, a reinforcing mat is placed on the tightened first layer, the reinforcing mat preferably consisting of conventional structural steel fabric , a second layer of concrete mass is filled into the formwork on the first layer and the reinforcement mat and brought to tighten, - modules (200, 300, 400, 500) with a large number of displacers arranged next to each other, preferably plastic bales (240) or plastic half-shells ( 440), are pressed into the hardened, second layer, the large number of displacement bodies (240, 440) arranged next to one another being arranged in a lattice work (230, 330, 430, 340) made of bars, the concrete masses hardened and the semi-finished product thus produced is removed from the formwork, with the latticework too one side, preferably downwards, is open, the grids adjoining this open side are at an angle of approximately 90 ° to approximately 135 °, preferably 95 ° to 120 °, with respect to the grid opposite this open side, and thereby locking in the displacement body (240, 340, 440, 540) in the grid (230, 330, 430, 340) are made.

2.Procedure for the production of concrete parts, in particular of semi-finished concrete, with the steps that reinforcing elements, preferably lattice-like reinforcing elements, are inserted into a formwork, - a layer of concrete mass is filled into the formwork and made to tighten, - modules (200, 300 , 400, 500) with a large number of displacement bodies arranged next to one another, preferably plastic balls (240) or plastic half-shells (440), are pressed into the hardened, second layer, the large number of displacement bodies (240, 340, 440, 540) arranged next to each other is arranged in a latticework (230, 330, 430, 340) from bars, - the concrete masses hardened and the semi-finished product thus produced is removed from the formwork, the latticework being open to one side, preferably downwards, the side open to it Grid side adjacent to the grid opposite this open side by an angle of about 90 ° to about 135 °, preferably from 95 ° to 120 °, and the locking of the displacement bodies (240, 340, 440, 540) into the grid (230, 330, 430, 340) are produced.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the modules (200, 300, 400) from cut parts of structural steel mats by bending a grid (230, 330, 430, 340) are made.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the modules (500) are made of lattice structures which are open at the bottom and each have an essentially triangular rod structure on the sides.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the lateral rod structures on one side are offset by approximately half a triangle width from the other side.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements (4) consist of plastic parts.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elements (404) consist of half shells.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the elements (404) have a flat top and / or bottom.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the elements (404) are open at the bottom.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement body (240) partially protrude upward from the latticework (230).

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of modules (200, 300, 400, 500) are pressed parallel to one another into the hardened concrete mass.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the elements are connected to each other for fixation.

13. The method according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the elements are arranged between standing reinforcement elements of the concrete.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distance filled by concrete mass remains between the displacement bodies (240) and the lower reinforcement mats.

15. Semi-finished concrete product, produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 4.

16. A method for producing concrete parts, in particular concrete ceilings, wherein a semi-finished concrete product according to one of claims 1 to 15 is further processed with the steps that at least one further concrete layer on the

Semi-finished product is filled, the uppermost concrete layer then forming the top of the finished concrete part, preferably a finished concrete slab.

17. Module (200, 300, 400, 500) for the production of

Concrete parts, in particular of semi-finished concrete, or of concrete ceilings, with a large number of displacers arranged next to one another, preferably plastic balls (240) or plastic half-shells (440), which are intended to be pressed into a hardened concrete layer, the large number of displacers arranged next to one another ( 240, 340, 440, 540) are each arranged in a latticework (230, 330, 430, 340) made of bars, characterized in that the latticework (230, 330, 430, 340) is open to one side, the lattices adjoining this open side being preferably at an angle of approximately 90 ° to approximately 135 ° with respect to the lattice opposite this open side from 95 ° to 120 °.

18. Module for the production of concrete parts according to claim 17, characterized in that the displacement bodies (240) at least partially protrude from the latticework (230).

19. Module for the production of concrete parts according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the module (200, 300, 400, 500) from cut parts of

Structural steel mats, preferably list mats, is produced by bending one grid each and locking the displacement body (240, 340, 440) into the grid bent in this way.

20. Module for the production of concrete parts according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the displacement bodies consist of multi-part part elements which are joined together with a closure.

21. Module according to one of claims 17 or 20, characterized in that the modules (500) are made from downwardly open cast structures, each of which has a substantially triangular rod structure on the sides.

22. Module according to claim 21, characterized in that the lateral rod constructions on one side are offset by approximately half a triangular width from the other side.

23. Module according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the elements (404) consist of half shells.

24. Module according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the elements (404) have a flat or flattened top and / or bottom.

25. Module according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the elements (404) are open at the bottom.