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EP1419419B1 - Clockwork movement and part - Google Patents

Clockwork movement and part Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1419419B1
EP1419419B1 EP02753168A EP02753168A EP1419419B1 EP 1419419 B1 EP1419419 B1 EP 1419419B1 EP 02753168 A EP02753168 A EP 02753168A EP 02753168 A EP02753168 A EP 02753168A EP 1419419 B1 EP1419419 B1 EP 1419419B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carriage
axis
cage
escapement
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02753168A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1419419A2 (en
Inventor
Robert Greubel
Stephen Forsey
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GFPI SA
Original Assignee
Complitime SA
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Publication date
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Application filed by Complitime SA filed Critical Complitime SA
Priority to EP02753168A priority Critical patent/EP1419419B1/en
Publication of EP1419419A2 publication Critical patent/EP1419419A2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device of the tourbillon type intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a finishing gear as well as to a movement or timepiece equipped with such whirlwind.
  • This device is a device intended to moderate walking in vertical positions. It comprises, for this purpose, a cage pivotally mounted on the frame, in general an assembly formed of a bridge and a plate and, mounted pivoting on this cage, a balance spring and an exhaust comprising in particular a mobile exhaust with a wheel and a pinion.
  • the cage has a cage gear, kinematically connected to the gear train finishing of the timepiece, usually at the average wheel.
  • Wheels and gears are, in general, arranged and numbered so as to what the vortex does one revolution per minute. So when the timepiece is positioned vertically, the position of the neutral point of the balance therefore makes a turn per minute, which means the differences in the vertical positions.
  • the German watchmaker Walter Prendel (Groitzsch, Germany) has made a pocket watch in which the axis of the balance makes a angle of 30 ° with that of the tourbillon cage and those of the other mobiles of the shows. In this way, the position of the balance varies from 30 to 60 ° at most when the watch is either in a vertical position or in a horizontal position. But if the walking tests of the watches are done by placing them in different horizontal and vertical positions, the orientations are, on the other hand, when wearing. The problem posed above is modified.
  • exhaust components are also inclined relative to the axis of the cage, the angle of inclination of the axes of these mobiles increasing from the escape wheel to the balance.
  • Such a solution is difficult to master from the technical point of view and the conditions of work of the exhaust are unfavorable.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tourbillon for a part watchmaking system to significantly reduce market differences between horizontal and vertical positions, without having to decrease the diameter of the balance, while maintaining a thickness of movement compatible with a pocket watch or a wristwatch.
  • This timepiece movement is characterized by the characteristics set out in Claims 1 to 15.
  • Said angle ⁇ different from 90 °, can be between 20 ° and 70 ° and is preferably equal to 30 °.
  • the pendulum and the mobiles of the exhaust can rotate according to axes parallel to the axis B-B rotation of the exhaust-door cage.
  • the teeth mounted on the frame and which is engaged with the pinion exhaust is either secured to said frame, or carried by a large rotated cage on this frame about an axis A-A forming an angle different from 90 ° with the axis B-B of rotation of the exhaust-door cage.
  • This tourbillon movement is arranged so that, under the effect the torque applied by the finishing gear on the cage gear of the cage exhaust door, the large cage rotates around the first axis A-A at a first angular velocity, and the escape-cage rotates around the second axis B-B at a second angular velocity defined by the ratio of numbers of teeth that comprise the cage gear of the large cage and the tooth of the mobile mounted on the frame, the second axis B-B defining the envelope of a cone of axis coincident with the first axis A-A, or axis of rotation of the big cage.
  • the angle at the apex of the cone generated by the second axis B-B, or axis of rotation of the exhaust door cage is equal to or smaller than 90 °.
  • the most important conditions are obtained for an angle at the apex of 60 °, generally between 20 and 70 °.
  • gears as cage gears, it is possible to make a vortex with mass and inertia as low as possible.
  • the exhaust cage vortex according to the invention can perform a revolution in one minute.
  • the toothing of the mobile mounted on the frame is tapered with the same angle at the top as the cone defined by the second axis.
  • the vortex 16 has two cages 20 and 22.
  • the large cage 20 is illustrated in detail in Figures 2 and 3. It is mounted on the bearings 14.
  • the plate 10 is provided with a drop 24, surrounding the hole where the bearing 14 is housed, which carries an annular wheel plank 25, including a second conical teeth 25a, whose function will be specified later.
  • This board 25 is fixed by means not shown in the drawing, for example by driving or screwing.
  • the drop 24 is provided with a lateral opening 26 allowing the passage of the average wheel 18.
  • the portions 28 and 30 each comprise a middle portion, in the form of a bar identified by the letter a , and two uprights identified by the letter b, the ends of the uprights 28b and 30b being fastened in pairs, by means of the screws 32, and advantageously positioned by means of feet, which have not been shown in the drawing, in order to avoid overloading it.
  • the bars 28a and 30a and the uprights 28b and 30b define a substantially rectangular opening 46, whose width and height are chosen so that the exhaust-carrying cage 22 can be accommodated therein and rotate freely, as will be explained later.
  • the two shafts 34 and 36 each comprise a pivot identified by the letter a and intended to be engaged in one of the 14 levels, and a base identified by the letter b.
  • the plates 34b and 36b are respectively adjacent and fixed, by example by driving or screwing, the middle portion of the bars 28a and 30a.
  • the shaft 34 carries, in addition, a first cage gear 45 fixed by driving and intended to mesh with the average wheel 18.
  • the lower support 40 is of truncated pyramidal shape, of angle apex equal to about 120 °.
  • One of the faces 40a of the pyramid is disposed in bearing against the inner face of the bar 28a, the support 40 being fixed thereto by the screws 44.
  • the base of the pyramid has a hole whose bottom is pierced with a hole cylindrical axis B-B, which opens on the truncated face and inside which is driven a bearing 47 for receiving the exhaust-carrying cage 22.
  • the base of the pyramid carries a board 48, provided with a first toothing 48a at its periphery and coaxial 47, whose function will be specified later. As shown in the drawing, the board 48 is fixed on the support 40 by hunting or screwing in the core, this board is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B.
  • the upper support 42 comprises a protuberance 42a provided with a hole cylindrical in which is chased a bearing 50, coaxial with the bearing 47 and also intended to receive the exhaust-carrying cage 22.
  • the exhaust-carrying cage 22 shown in detail and equipped in FIG. 4, comprises a frame formed of two parts, one lower 52, the other upper 54 connected to each other by means of screws 56.
  • the parts 52 and 54 each comprise a middle bar-shaped portion identified by the letter a and two uprights identified by the letter b , the ends of the uprights 52b and 54b being fixed in pairs by the screws 56 ( Figure 1).
  • the median portions 52a and 54a are pierced with a hole identified by the letter c , of axis coinciding with the axis BB.
  • the shafts 60 and 62 are fixed on the parts 52 and 54 by means of screws 64, schematically represented.
  • the pivot 60b and the pivot 62b are coaxial and oriented along the axis B-B. They are intended to be respectively engaged in the bearings 47 and 50 of the large cage 20, to ensure the rotation of the cage exhaust door 22 in the large cage 20.
  • the second cage gear 60c is arranged in such a way that it meshes with the second toothing 25a of the board 25, integral with the frame 10.
  • the exhaust-carrying cage 22 carries a balance wheel 66 provided with a spiral shown in the drawing, an anchor 68 and an escapement mobile 70 having a pinion 70a and a wheel 70b, the latter cooperating with the anchor 68 for maintain the movement of the pendulum 66. All these mobiles are pivoted on the exhaust-door cage 22 along axes parallel to each other and with respect to the axis B-B of rotation of this cage 22.
  • the rocker arm 66 pivots about an axis concentric with the axis B-B, in two bearings 72 and 73 mounted one 72 in the hole 52c of the portion median 52a, the other 73 in the hole 54c of the median portion 54a.
  • the exhaust bridges 58 and 59 each comprise a bearing 74, in which pivots the escapement 70.
  • the pinion 70a is arranged, so that its toothing protrudes from the lower surface of the portion median 52a, to allow it meshing with the first toothing 48a of the board 48 of the large cage 20.
  • the assembly of a tourbillon as described begins with the assembly of components of the exhaust-carrying cage 22, and more particularly the hunting bearings 72 and 73 and fixing trees 60 and 62.
  • the bridge exhaust 58 is put in place, then the escape mobile 70 and the anchor 68, and finally the exhaust bridge 59, so that the components of the exhaust can pivot in their bearings.
  • the rocker arm 66 is then engaged by its lower pivot in the bearing 72, then positioned by fixing the upper part 54 on the lower part 52, the upper pivot of the balance being engaged in the bearing 73.
  • the two parts 52 and 54 are assembled by means of the screws 56.
  • the starting can then be carried out in a conventional manner, by subjecting the escape wheel 70 to a motor torque, on a suitable posage.
  • the exhaust-carrying cage 22 can then be placed in the lower part 28 of the large cage 20, the pivoting 60b being engaged in the bearing 47.
  • the part upper 30 is then fixed by means of the screws 32 on the lower part 28, the pivot 62b being engaged in the bearing 50.
  • the vortex 16 is thus completed and can be placed on the frame, between the platinum 10 and the bridge 12, the pivots 34a and 36a being each engaged in one of the bearings 14.
  • the wheel of mean 18 subjects the large cage 20 to a motor torque, by meshing with the first cage gear 45.
  • This pair can not generate a rotation of the large cage 20 that if the second cage gear 60c rolls on the second tooth 25a of the board 25, that is to say that the exhaust-carrying cage 22 rotates around the B-B axis.
  • the teeth of the exhaust pinion 70a is in engagement with the teeth of the first board 48, this movement is not possible than when the escapement gives a driving impulse to the pendulum 66. This is produced at each alternation of the pendulum.
  • the axis B-B scans the envelope of a cone of axis A-A, whose angle at the top is about 60 °, double the angle ⁇ that make together axes A-A and B-B.
  • the axis of the balance has a mean inclination of between 20 ° and 70 ° approximately, which considerably reduces the differences in market positions.
  • the angle at the top of the cone may vary depending on the construction of the shows. The higher the angle, the more the cage 22 occupies space in thickness, to less to reduce the diameter of the pendulum 66.
  • the tests carried out show that the optimum lies in the range of 40 ° to 140 ° for the angle at summit, and more precisely in the neighborhood of 60 °.
  • the second conical teeth 25a of the wheel 25 has an apex angle equal to that of the cone generated by the rotation of the axis B-B around the axis A-A.
  • the whirlpool, as described, can of course be the object of many variants without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the gables of cage 45 and 60c could be replaced by meshing wheels respectively with a mobile of the work train and with the board 25, which would then be advantageously provided with an internal toothing. This makes sense opposite rotation of the two cages.
  • gear 60c which could comprise a conical toothing, the teeth 25a of the wheel 25 then being right. It is also possible to distribute the taper between the two teeth.
  • the exhaust used in the tourbillon can be any type with free oscillation, for example with anchor or with relaxation.
  • the axes of the mobile wheels of the finishing gear are parallel to the A-A axis of rotation of the first cage, which might not be the case in other variants.
  • the rotational speeds of the cages 20 and 22 may be equal or different. Similarly, the direction of rotation of the cages 20 and 22 can be the same or reverse.
  • the large cage comprises only one lower part 28 pivoted cantilevered on the frame 10 by a bearing 14 next the axis A-A parallel to the axes of the moving wheels of the finishing train.
  • This part lower 28 of the large cage 20 door, as in the first form of execution, a lower support 40 pierced with a hole of axis B-B within which a bearing 47 is disengaged for receiving the exhaust-carrying cage 22.
  • the exhaust door 22 also has only its part lower 52 and is pivotally cantilevered on the large cage 20 by its shaft lower 60 end bearing the second cage gear 60c meshing with the second toothing 25a secured to the frame 10.
  • This variant makes it possible to achieve the same benefits of the tourbillon while having a small footprint.
  • the device of the type vortex also has a large cage 20 and an exhaust door 22 as described in the first embodiment or its variant and the exhaust pinion 70a is also engaged with the first gear 48a disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis (B-B) of the exhaust-carrying cage.
  • this toothing 48a is carried by a board 48 mounted on the pyramidal base 40 of the large cage 20 concentrically to the axis B-B of the exhaust-carrying cage 22.
  • the first cage gear 45 of the big cage is like previously engaged with the wheel 18 of the finishing mobile generally the mobile average.
  • the large cage is designed as a carousel and the cage pinion 60c of the exhaust carrier is engaged with one of the 80a wheels of a mobile 80 pivoted on the frame 10 whose second wheel 80b is it in taken with a second wheel 18a of the finishing mobile.
  • the movement includes a whirlpool not having in fact a cage, the escape cage pivoted so inclined relative to the frame 10, and the large cage 20 forms a carousel which carries the exhaust-carrying cage in its rotation controlled by the power train of the movement.
  • FIG. 7 shows a simplified version of the vortex comprising only one exhaust-carrying cage 22 pivoted so inclined on the frame 10 by its shaft 60.
  • the frame 10 integral with the inclined support 40 having the first peripheral toothing 48a located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation B-B of the exhaust-carrying cage 22.
  • This axis B-B forms an angle ⁇ with a direction parallel to the axis of the mobile finishing 18.
  • the shaft 60 of this cage 22 is pivoted in bearings 47 and 47a of the frame 10 and the cage gear 60c of the exhaust-carrying cage 22 is engaged with the wheel 18.
  • the exhaust pinion 70a is engaged with the first teeth 48a carried by the support 40 of the frame 10.
  • the pendulum and exhaust pivoted in the exhaust port 22 could to be of the Prendel type.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a clockwork part movement comprising a frame (10, 12) and a finish clock train. Said movement includes two carriages, one (20) being mounted on the frame (10) and pivoting about an axis (A-A) perpendicular to the plane of the movement, the other (22) mounted in the first carriage (20), pivoting about an axis (B-B), which defines the envelope of a cone with its axis merging with the first axis (A-A).

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif du genre tourbillon destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie du type comportant un bâti et un rouage de finissage ainsi qu'à un mouvement ou pièce d'horlogerie munie d'un tel tourbillon.The present invention relates to a device of the tourbillon type intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a finishing gear as well as to a movement or timepiece equipped with such whirlwind.

Ce dispositif est un dispositif destiné à moyenner la marche dans les positions verticales. Il comporte, à cet effet, une cage montée pivotante sur le bâti, en général un ensemble formé d'un pont et d'une platine et, montés pivotant sur cette cage, un balancier spiral et un échappement comportant notamment un mobile d'échappement muni d'une roue et d'un pignon.This device is a device intended to moderate walking in vertical positions. It comprises, for this purpose, a cage pivotally mounted on the frame, in general an assembly formed of a bridge and a plate and, mounted pivoting on this cage, a balance spring and an exhaust comprising in particular a mobile exhaust with a wheel and a pinion.

La cage comporte un engrenage de cage, relié cinématiquement au rouage de finissage de la pièce d'horlogerie, en général à la roue de moyenne. Une roue dentée, montée sur le bâti, engrène avec le pignon d'échappement. De la sorte, chaque fois que le balancier se trouve en position pour recevoir une impulsion motrice de l'échappement, le couple appliqué par la roue de moyenne sur l'engrenage de cage fait légèrement tourner la cage, l'impulsion au balancier étant donnée par l'échappement dont le mobile tourne par engrènement de son pignon avec la roue dentée.The cage has a cage gear, kinematically connected to the gear train finishing of the timepiece, usually at the average wheel. A wheel toothed, mounted on the frame, meshes with the exhaust pinion. In this way, whenever the pendulum is in position to receive a pulse motor of the exhaust, the torque applied by the average wheel on the cage gear slightly rotates the cage, the impulse to the pendulum being given by the escapement whose mobile turns by meshing with its pinion with the gear wheel.

Les roues et pignons sont, en général, agencés et nombrés de manière à ce que le tourbillon effectue un tour par minute. Ainsi, lorsque la pièce d'horlogerie est disposée verticalement, la position du point mort du balancier fait donc un tour par minute, ce qui moyenne les écarts de marche dans les positions verticales.Wheels and gears are, in general, arranged and numbered so as to what the vortex does one revolution per minute. So when the timepiece is positioned vertically, the position of the neutral point of the balance therefore makes a turn per minute, which means the differences in the vertical positions.

Par contre, le décalage entre positions horizontales et verticales subsiste. Pour pallier cet inconvénient, l'horloger allemand Walter Prendel (Groitzsch, Allemagne) a réalisé une montre de poche dans laquelle l'axe du balancier fait un angle de 30° avec celui de la cage du tourbillon et ceux des autres mobiles de la montre. De la sorte, la position du balancier varie de 30 à 60° au maximum lorsque la montre est soit en position verticale, soit en position horizontale. Or, si les tests de marche des montres sont effectués en les plaçant dans différentes positions horizontales et verticales, les orientations sont, par contre, quelconques lors du porter. Le problème posé ci-dessus est donc modifié. Par ailleurs, pour pouvoir entretenir le mouvement du balancier, les composants de l'échappement sont aussi inclinés par rapport à l'axe de la cage, l'angle d'inclinaison des axes de ces mobiles allant croissant de la roue d'échappement au balancier. Une telle solution est difficile à maítriser du point de vue technique et les conditions de travail de l'échappement sont peu favorables.On the other hand, the difference between horizontal and vertical positions remains. To overcome this disadvantage, the German watchmaker Walter Prendel (Groitzsch, Germany) has made a pocket watch in which the axis of the balance makes a angle of 30 ° with that of the tourbillon cage and those of the other mobiles of the shows. In this way, the position of the balance varies from 30 to 60 ° at most when the watch is either in a vertical position or in a horizontal position. But if the walking tests of the watches are done by placing them in different horizontal and vertical positions, the orientations are, on the other hand, when wearing. The problem posed above is modified. Moreover, for ability to maintain pendulum movement, exhaust components are also inclined relative to the axis of the cage, the angle of inclination of the axes of these mobiles increasing from the escape wheel to the balance. Such a solution is difficult to master from the technical point of view and the conditions of work of the exhaust are unfavorable.

La revue "Alte Uhre" 4/79 a publié un article présentant une pendulette munie d'un tourbillon tournant simultanément autour de deux axes orthogonaux, de telle sorte que l'axe du balancier balaye pratiquement tout l'espace. Une telle solution permet, certes, d'obtenir l'effet escompté, mais est inapplicable dans une montre, car cela conduit à une épaisseur du mouvement très importante, même avec un balancier de faible diamètre. Un tel perfectionnement ne peut donc qu'affecter la précision de la montre et/ou engendrer une surépaisseur sans commune mesure avec l'amélioration souhaitée.The magazine "Alte Uhre" 4/79 published an article presenting a clock equipped with a vortex rotating simultaneously around two orthogonal axes, so that the balance shaft sweeps almost all the space. Such a This solution certainly achieves the desired effect, but is inapplicable in a shows, as this leads to a very large movement thickness, even with a small diameter pendulum. Such an improvement can not affect the accuracy of the watch and / or create an extra thickness without common measure with the desired improvement.

On connaít encore de la revue "Horlogical Journal" d'avril 1983, p.15 à 19, un triple tourbillon, c'est-à-dire un tourbillon provoquant une rotation dans trois plans orthogonaux. Dans une telle construction également, l'encombrement est exorbitant et ce type de tourbillon ne peut être que difficilement envisagé pour une montre de poche ou une montre-bracelet.We still know the magazine "Horlogical Journal" of April 1983, p.15 to 19, a triple vortex, that is to say a vortex causing a rotation in three orthogonal plans. In such a construction too, the bulk is exorbitant and this type of vortex can only be difficult to envisage for a pocket watch or a wristwatch.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un tourbillon pour pièce d'horlogerie permettant de réduire de manière sensible les différences de marche entre les positions horizontales et verticales, sans pour autant devoir diminuer le diamètre du balancier, tout en maintenant une épaisseur de mouvement compatible avec une montre de poche ou une montre bracelet.The object of the present invention is to provide a tourbillon for a part watchmaking system to significantly reduce market differences between horizontal and vertical positions, without having to decrease the diameter of the balance, while maintaining a thickness of movement compatible with a pocket watch or a wristwatch.

Elle concerne donc un tourbillon destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie du type comprenant un bâti et un rouage de finissage ainsi qu'une cage pivotant sur ledit bâti portant le balancier et l'échappement. It therefore concerns a whirlwind intended to equip a piece movement type of watch comprising a frame and a finishing train as well as a cage pivoting on said frame carrying the balance and the exhaust.

Ce mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie est caractérisé par les caractéristiques énoncées aux revendications 1 à 15.This timepiece movement is characterized by the characteristics set out in Claims 1 to 15.

Le tourbillon se distingue par :

  • une cage porte-échappement montée mobile en rotation autour d'un axe B-B formant un angle α par rapport à l'axe de rotation des mobiles du rouage de finissage ;
  • cette cage porte-échappement comportant un engrenage de cage coaxial à l'axe B-B engrenant avec un mobile monté sur le bâti ;
  • un balancier spiral et un échappement comportant un mobile muni d'un pignon d'échappement pivotés dans la cage porte-échappement ; et dans lequel
  • le pignon d'échappement est en prise avec une denture montée sur le bâti et située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement.
The tourbillon is distinguished by:
  • an exhaust-carrying cage rotatably mounted about an axis BB forming an angle α with respect to the axis of rotation of the wheels of the finishing train;
  • this exhaust-carrying cage comprising a cage gear coaxial with the axis BB meshing with a mobile mounted on the frame;
  • a balance spring and an escapement comprising a mobile provided with an exhaust pinion pivoted in the exhaust-carrying cage; and in which
  • the exhaust gear is engaged with a toothing mounted on the frame and located in a plane perpendicular to the axis BB of rotation of the exhaust-carrying cage.

Ledit angle α, différent de 90°, peut être compris entre 20° et 70° et est de préférence égal à 30°.Said angle α, different from 90 °, can be between 20 ° and 70 ° and is preferably equal to 30 °.

Le balancier et les mobiles de l'échappement peuvent pivoter suivant des axes parallèles à l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement.The pendulum and the mobiles of the exhaust can rotate according to axes parallel to the axis B-B rotation of the exhaust-door cage.

La denture montée sur le bâti et qui est en prise avec le pignon d'échappement est soit solidaire dudit bâti, soit portée par une grande cage pivotée sur ce bâti autour d'un axe A-A formant un angle différent de 90° avec l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement. The teeth mounted on the frame and which is engaged with the pinion exhaust is either secured to said frame, or carried by a large rotated cage on this frame about an axis A-A forming an angle different from 90 ° with the axis B-B of rotation of the exhaust-door cage.

D'autres caractéristiques de ce mouvement seront décrites en détails dans la description qui suit.Other features of this movement will be described in details in the following description.

Ce mouvement avec tourbillon est agencé de manière à ce que, sous l'effet du couple appliqué par le rouage de finissage sur l'engrenage de cage de la cage porte-échappement, la grande cage tourne autour du premier axe A-A à une première vitesse angulaire, et la cage porte-échappement tourne autour du second axe B-B à une deuxième vitesse angulaire définie par le rapport des nombres de dents que comportent l'engrenage de cage de la grande cage et la denture du mobile monté sur le bâti, le second axe B-B définissant l'enveloppe d'un cône d'axe confondu avec le premier axe A-A, ou axe de rotation de la grande cage.This tourbillon movement is arranged so that, under the effect the torque applied by the finishing gear on the cage gear of the cage exhaust door, the large cage rotates around the first axis A-A at a first angular velocity, and the escape-cage rotates around the second axis B-B at a second angular velocity defined by the ratio of numbers of teeth that comprise the cage gear of the large cage and the tooth of the mobile mounted on the frame, the second axis B-B defining the envelope of a cone of axis coincident with the first axis A-A, or axis of rotation of the big cage.

Afin d'éviter que le tourbillon occupe trop d'épaisseur, il est avantageux que l'angle au sommet du cône engendré par le second axe B-B, ou axe de rotation de la cage porte-échappement, soit égal ou plus petit que 90°. Les conditions les plus favorables sont obtenues pour un angle au sommet voisin de 60°, généralement compris entre 20 et 70°.In order to prevent the vortex from occupying too much thickness, it is advantageous that the angle at the apex of the cone generated by the second axis B-B, or axis of rotation of the exhaust door cage is equal to or smaller than 90 °. The most important conditions are obtained for an angle at the apex of 60 °, generally between 20 and 70 °.

En utilisant des pignons comme engrenages de cage, il est possible de réaliser un tourbillon présentant une masse et une inertie aussi faibles que possible.By using gears as cage gears, it is possible to make a vortex with mass and inertia as low as possible.

Comme la cage de la plupart des tourbillons connus, la cage porte-échappement du tourbillon selon l'invention peut effectuer un tour en une minute. Dans ce cas particulier, il est avantageux que la grande cage effectue un tour en un temps compris entre 4 et 10 minutes par exemple.Like the cage of most known whirlpools, the exhaust cage vortex according to the invention can perform a revolution in one minute. In this particular case, it is advantageous for the large cage to take a turn in a time between 4 and 10 minutes for example.

Afin de garantir des conditions d'engrènement aussi bonnes que possibles, la denture du mobile monté sur le bâti est conique de même angle au sommet que le cône défini par le second axe.In order to guarantee meshing conditions as good as possible, the toothing of the mobile mounted on the frame is tapered with the same angle at the top as the cone defined by the second axis.

De manière avantageuse et pour permettre l'usage d'un balancier ayant un moment d'inertie aussi élevé que possible, les axes de la cage porte-échappement et du balancier sont parallèles, voire confondus. Advantageously and to allow the use of a balance having a moment of inertia as high as possible, the axes of the exhaust and the pendulum are parallel, even confused.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard du dessin annexé, dans lequel le tourbillon mono- ou bi-axial est représenté schématiquement en coupe axiale. Plus précisément :

  • La figure 1 montre la structure générale des cages du tourbillon biaxial selon l'invention montées sur le bâti;
  • Les figures 2 et 3 représentent la grande cage du tourbillon biaxial selon des vues orthogonales.
  • La figure 4 permet de voir la cage porte-échappement du tourbillon biaxial équipée du balancier et de l'échappement.
  • La figure 5 illustre le tourbillon biaxial dans une variante où les cages sont pivotées en porte-à-faux.
  • La figure 6 illustre une forme d'exécution du tourbillon biaxial dans lequel la grande cage constitue un carrousel.
  • La figure 7 illustre une forme d'exécution simplifiée du tourbillon ne comportant qu'une seule cage inclinée, pivotée en porte-à-faux, la cage porte-échappement.
Other advantages and features of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawing, in which the mono- or bi-axial vortex is shown schematically in axial section. More precisely :
  • FIG. 1 shows the general structure of the biaxial tourbillon cages according to the invention mounted on the frame;
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the large cage of the biaxial vortex in orthogonal views.
  • Figure 4 shows the escapement cage of the biaxial tourbillon equipped with the balance and the exhaust.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the biaxial vortex in a variant where the cages are pivoted cantilevered.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of the biaxial vortex in which the large cage constitutes a carousel.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a simplified embodiment of the vortex having only one inclined cage, pivoted cantilever, the exhaust-carrying cage.

Sur ces figures, et afin d'éviter de surcharger le dessin, les vis sont suggérées par un trait d'axe. La figure 1 représente une portion de mouvement de montre, avec :

  • un bâti comportant, visible au dessin, une platine 10 et un pont 12, lesquels sont munis de pierres formant chacune un palier 14,
  • un tourbillon biaxial 16, monté pivotant autour d'un axe A-A sur les paliers 14, et
  • une roue de moyenne 18, dont seule la planche est visible au dessin, partie d'un rouage de finissage ainsi partiellement représenté, et montée pivotante sur le bâti suivant un axe perpendiculaire au plan du mouvement et parallèle à l'axe A-A.
In these figures, and to avoid overloading the drawing, the screws are suggested by a center line. FIG. 1 represents a portion of watch movement, with:
  • a frame comprising, visible in the drawing, a plate 10 and a bridge 12, which are provided with stones each forming a bearing 14,
  • a biaxial vortex 16, pivoted about an axis AA on the bearings 14, and
  • a wheel of average 18, of which only the board is visible in the drawing, part of a finishing train thus partially shown, and pivotally mounted on the frame along an axis perpendicular to the plane of movement and parallel to the axis AA.

Le tourbillon 16 comporte deux cages 20 et 22. La grande cage 20 est illustrée de manière détaillée sur les figures 2 et 3. Elle est montée sur les paliers 14. La cage porte-échappement 22, représentée sur la figure 4, pivote dans la grande cage 20, autour d'un axe B-B formant un angle (α) avec l'axe A-A différent de 90°.The vortex 16 has two cages 20 and 22. The large cage 20 is illustrated in detail in Figures 2 and 3. It is mounted on the bearings 14. The exhaust-carrying cage 22, shown in FIG. 4, pivots in the large cage 20, about an axis B-B forming an angle (α) with the axis A-A different 90 °.

La platine 10 est munie d'une goutte 24, entourant le trou où le palier 14 est logé, laquelle porte une planche de roue annulaire 25, comportant une seconde denture conique 25a, dont la fonction sera précisée plus loin. Cette planche 25 est fixée par des moyens non représentés au dessin, par exemple par chassage ou vissage. La goutte 24 est munie d'une ouverture latérale 26 permettant le passage de la roue de moyenne 18.The plate 10 is provided with a drop 24, surrounding the hole where the bearing 14 is housed, which carries an annular wheel plank 25, including a second conical teeth 25a, whose function will be specified later. This board 25 is fixed by means not shown in the drawing, for example by driving or screwing. The drop 24 is provided with a lateral opening 26 allowing the passage of the average wheel 18.

Comme on peut le voir tout particulièrement sur les figures 2 et 3, la grande cage 20, comprend :

  • un cadre formé de deux parties, l'une inférieure 28, l'autre supérieure 30, assemblées l'une à l'autre au moyen de vis 32,
  • des arbres inférieur 34 et supérieur 36, respectivement solidaires des parties inférieure 28 et supérieure 30 et destinés à être engagés dans les paliers 14 pour monter pivotante la grande cage 20 sur le bâti, et
  • des supports inférieur 40 et supérieur 42, respectivement fixés sur les parties inférieure 28 et supérieure 30 au moyen de vis 44 et destinés à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22, comme cela sera expliqué ci-dessous.
As can be seen particularly in FIGS. 2 and 3, the large cage 20 comprises:
  • a frame formed of two parts, one lower 28, the other upper 30, assembled to one another by means of screws 32,
  • lower shafts 34 and upper 36, respectively secured to the lower 28 and upper 30 parts and intended to be engaged in the bearings 14 for pivotally mounting the large cage 20 on the frame, and
  • lower supports 40 and upper 42, respectively fixed on the lower 28 and upper 30 by means of screws 44 and intended to receive the exhaust-carrying cage 22, as will be explained below.

Les parties 28 et 30 comprennent chacune une portion médiane, en forme de barreau identifié par la lettre a, et deux montants identifiés par la lettre b, les extrémités des montants 28b et 30b étant fixées deux à deux, au moyen des vis 32, et avantageusement positionnées au moyen de pieds, qui n'ont pas été représentés au dessin, afin d'éviter de le surcharger.The portions 28 and 30 each comprise a middle portion, in the form of a bar identified by the letter a , and two uprights identified by the letter b, the ends of the uprights 28b and 30b being fastened in pairs, by means of the screws 32, and advantageously positioned by means of feet, which have not been shown in the drawing, in order to avoid overloading it.

Les barreaux 28a et 30a et les montants 28b et 30b définissent une ouverture 46 sensiblement rectangulaire, dont la largeur et la hauteur sont choisies de manière à ce que la cage porte-échappement 22 puisse y être logée et y tourner librement, comme cela sera expliqué plus loin.The bars 28a and 30a and the uprights 28b and 30b define a substantially rectangular opening 46, whose width and height are chosen so that the exhaust-carrying cage 22 can be accommodated therein and rotate freely, as will be explained later.

Les deux arbres 34 et 36 comprennent chacun un pivot identifié par la lettre a et destiné à être engagé dans l'un des paliers 14, et une assiette identifiée par la lettre b. Les assiettes 34b et 36b sont respectivement attenantes et fixées, par exemple par chassage ou vissage, à la partie médiane des barreaux 28a et 30a. L'arbre 34 porte, en outre, un premier pignon de cage 45 fixé par chassage et destiné à engrener avec la roue de moyenne 18.The two shafts 34 and 36 each comprise a pivot identified by the letter a and intended to be engaged in one of the 14 levels, and a base identified by the letter b. The plates 34b and 36b are respectively adjacent and fixed, by example by driving or screwing, the middle portion of the bars 28a and 30a. The shaft 34 carries, in addition, a first cage gear 45 fixed by driving and intended to mesh with the average wheel 18.

Le support inférieur 40 est de forme pyramidale tronquée, d'angle au sommet égal à 120° environ. L'une des faces 40a de la pyramide est disposée en appui contre la face intérieure du barreau 28a, le support 40 y étant fixé par les vis 44. La base de la pyramide comporte une noyure dont le fond est percé d'un trou cylindrique, d'axe B-B, qui débouche sur la face tronquée et à l'intérieur duquel est chassé un palier 47 destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22. La base de la pyramide porte une planche 48, munie d'une première denture 48a à sa périphérie et coaxiale au palier 47, dont la fonction sera précisée plus loin. Comme représenté au dessin, la planche 48 est fixée sur le support 40 par chassage ou vissage dans la noyure, cette planche est disposée dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe B-B.The lower support 40 is of truncated pyramidal shape, of angle apex equal to about 120 °. One of the faces 40a of the pyramid is disposed in bearing against the inner face of the bar 28a, the support 40 being fixed thereto by the screws 44. The base of the pyramid has a hole whose bottom is pierced with a hole cylindrical axis B-B, which opens on the truncated face and inside which is driven a bearing 47 for receiving the exhaust-carrying cage 22. The base of the pyramid carries a board 48, provided with a first toothing 48a at its periphery and coaxial 47, whose function will be specified later. As shown in the drawing, the board 48 is fixed on the support 40 by hunting or screwing in the core, this board is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B.

Le support supérieur 42 comprend une protubérance 42a munie d'un trou cylindrique dans lequel est chassé un palier 50, coaxial au palier 47 et aussi destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22. The upper support 42 comprises a protuberance 42a provided with a hole cylindrical in which is chased a bearing 50, coaxial with the bearing 47 and also intended to receive the exhaust-carrying cage 22.

La cage porte-échappement 22, représentée de manière détaillée et équipée à la figure 4, comprend un cadre formé de deux parties, l'une inférieure 52, l'autre supérieure 54 reliées entre elles au moyen de vis 56. Les parties 52 et 54 comprennent chacune une portion médiane en forme de barreau identifiée par la lettre a et deux montants identifiés par la lettre b, les extrémités des montants 52b et 54b étant fixées deux à deux par les vis 56 (figure 1).The exhaust-carrying cage 22, shown in detail and equipped in FIG. 4, comprises a frame formed of two parts, one lower 52, the other upper 54 connected to each other by means of screws 56. The parts 52 and 54 each comprise a middle bar-shaped portion identified by the letter a and two uprights identified by the letter b , the ends of the uprights 52b and 54b being fixed in pairs by the screws 56 (Figure 1).

La cage porte-échappement comporte, en outre :

  • deux ponts d'échappement 58 et 59 montés sur la partie inférieure 52,
  • un arbre inférieur 60, monté sur la face extérieure de la portion médiane 52a, fixé dans sa partie centrale au moyen d'une assiette 60a, et qui comporte un pivotement 60b et une denture en bout formant un pignon de cage 60c porte-échappement, et
  • un arbre supérieur 62 monté sur la face extérieure de la portion médiane 54a, fixé dans sa partie centrale au moyen d'une assiette 62a et muni d'un pivot 62b.
The exhaust-carrying cage further comprises:
  • two exhaust bridges 58 and 59 mounted on the lower part 52,
  • a lower shaft 60, mounted on the outer face of the middle portion 52a, fixed in its central portion by means of a plate 60a, and which comprises a pivoting 60b and an end toothing forming a cage pinion 60c exhaust holder, and
  • an upper shaft 62 mounted on the outer face of the middle portion 54a, fixed in its central portion by means of a plate 62a and provided with a pivot 62b.

Les portions médianes 52a et 54a sont percées d'un trou identifié par la lettre c, d'axe confondu avec l'axe B-B.The median portions 52a and 54a are pierced with a hole identified by the letter c , of axis coinciding with the axis BB.

Les arbres 60 et 62 sont fixés sur les parties 52 et 54 au moyen de vis 64, schématiquement représentées. Le pivotement 60b et le pivot 62b sont coaxiaux et orientés selon l'axe B-B. Ils sont destinés à être respectivement engagés dans les paliers 47 et 50 de la grande cage 20, pour assurer la rotation de la cage porte-échappement 22 dans la grande cage 20.The shafts 60 and 62 are fixed on the parts 52 and 54 by means of screws 64, schematically represented. The pivot 60b and the pivot 62b are coaxial and oriented along the axis B-B. They are intended to be respectively engaged in the bearings 47 and 50 of the large cage 20, to ensure the rotation of the cage exhaust door 22 in the large cage 20.

Le second pignon de cage 60c est disposé de manière à ce qu'il engrène avec la seconde denture 25a de la planche 25, solidaire du bâti 10. The second cage gear 60c is arranged in such a way that it meshes with the second toothing 25a of the board 25, integral with the frame 10.

La cage porte-échappement 22 porte un balancier 66 muni d'un spiral non représenté au dessin, une ancre 68 et un mobile d'échappement 70 comportant un pignon 70a et une roue 70b, cette dernière coopérant avec l'ancre 68 pour entretenir le mouvement du balancier 66. Tous ces mobiles sont pivotés sur la cage porte-échappement 22 suivant des axes parallèles entre eux et par rapport à l'axe B-B de rotation de cette cage 22.The exhaust-carrying cage 22 carries a balance wheel 66 provided with a spiral shown in the drawing, an anchor 68 and an escapement mobile 70 having a pinion 70a and a wheel 70b, the latter cooperating with the anchor 68 for maintain the movement of the pendulum 66. All these mobiles are pivoted on the exhaust-door cage 22 along axes parallel to each other and with respect to the axis B-B of rotation of this cage 22.

Plus précisément, le balancier 66 pivote autour d'un axe concentrique à l'axe B-B, dans deux paliers 72 et 73 montés l'un 72 dans le trou 52c de la portion médiane 52a, l'autre 73 dans le trou 54c de la portion médiane 54a.More specifically, the rocker arm 66 pivots about an axis concentric with the axis B-B, in two bearings 72 and 73 mounted one 72 in the hole 52c of the portion median 52a, the other 73 in the hole 54c of the median portion 54a.

Les ponts d'échappement 58 et 59 comportent chacun un palier 74, dans lesquels pivote le mobile d'échappement 70. Le pignon 70a est disposé, de manière à ce que sa denture dépasse de la surface inférieure de la portion médiane 52a, pour permettre son engrènement avec la première denture 48a de la planche 48 de la grande cage 20.The exhaust bridges 58 and 59 each comprise a bearing 74, in which pivots the escapement 70. The pinion 70a is arranged, so that its toothing protrudes from the lower surface of the portion median 52a, to allow it meshing with the first toothing 48a of the board 48 of the large cage 20.

Le montage d'un tourbillon tel que décrit commence par l'assemblage des parties constitutives de la cage porte-échappement 22, et plus particulièrement le chassage des paliers 72 et 73 et la fixation des arbres 60 et 62. Le pont d'échappement 58 est mis en place, puis le mobile d'échappement 70 et l'ancre 68, et enfin le pont d'échappement 59, de telle sorte que les composants de l'échappement peuvent pivoter dans leurs paliers.The assembly of a tourbillon as described begins with the assembly of components of the exhaust-carrying cage 22, and more particularly the hunting bearings 72 and 73 and fixing trees 60 and 62. The bridge exhaust 58 is put in place, then the escape mobile 70 and the anchor 68, and finally the exhaust bridge 59, so that the components of the exhaust can pivot in their bearings.

Le balancier 66 est ensuite engagé par son pivot inférieur dans le palier 72, puis positionné par la fixation de la partie supérieure 54 sur la partie inférieure 52, le pivot supérieur du balancier étant engagé dans le palier 73. Les deux parties 52 et 54 sont assemblées au moyen des vis 56. La mise en marche peut ensuite être réalisée de manière classique, en soumettant le mobile d'échappement 70 à un couple moteur, sur un posage approprié.The rocker arm 66 is then engaged by its lower pivot in the bearing 72, then positioned by fixing the upper part 54 on the lower part 52, the upper pivot of the balance being engaged in the bearing 73. The two parts 52 and 54 are assembled by means of the screws 56. The starting can then be carried out in a conventional manner, by subjecting the escape wheel 70 to a motor torque, on a suitable posage.

Lorsque le balancier-spiral et l'échappement sont réglés de manière idoine, la cage porte-échappement 22 peut alors être placée dans la partie inférieure 28 de la grande cage 20, le pivotement 60b étant engagé dans le palier 47. La partie supérieure 30 est ensuite fixée au moyen des vis 32 sur la partie inférieure 28, le pivot 62b étant engagé dans le palier 50.When the sprung balance and the escapement are adjusted in an appropriate manner, the exhaust-carrying cage 22 can then be placed in the lower part 28 of the large cage 20, the pivoting 60b being engaged in the bearing 47. The part upper 30 is then fixed by means of the screws 32 on the lower part 28, the pivot 62b being engaged in the bearing 50.

Le tourbillon 16 est ainsi terminé et peut être placé sur le bâti, entre la platine 10 et le pont 12, les pivots 34a et 36a étant chacun engagés dans l'un des paliers 14.The vortex 16 is thus completed and can be placed on the frame, between the platinum 10 and the bridge 12, the pivots 34a and 36a being each engaged in one of the bearings 14.

Lorsque le ressort que comporte le mouvement est armé, la roue de moyenne 18 soumet la grande cage 20 à un couple moteur, par engrènement avec le premier pignon de cage 45. Ce couple ne peut engendrer une rotation de la grande cage 20 que si le second pignon de cage 60c roule sur la seconde denture 25a de la planche 25, c'est-à-dire que la cage porte-échappement 22 tourne autour de l'axe B-B. Comme la denture du pignon d'échappement 70a est en prise avec la denture de la première planche 48, ce mouvement n'est possible que lorsque l'échappement donne une impulsion motrice au balancier 66. Cela se produit à chaque alternance du balancier.When the spring in the movement is armed, the wheel of mean 18 subjects the large cage 20 to a motor torque, by meshing with the first cage gear 45. This pair can not generate a rotation of the large cage 20 that if the second cage gear 60c rolls on the second tooth 25a of the board 25, that is to say that the exhaust-carrying cage 22 rotates around the B-B axis. As the teeth of the exhaust pinion 70a is in engagement with the teeth of the first board 48, this movement is not possible than when the escapement gives a driving impulse to the pendulum 66. This is produced at each alternation of the pendulum.

Cela revient donc à dire que chaque fois que le balancier 66 reçoit une impulsion, la cage porte-échappement 22 tourne autour de l'axe B-B et la grande cage 20 autour de l'axe A-A, les angles parcourus étant fonction des nombres de dents des engrenages impliqués. Ces engrenages peuvent être choisis de manière à ce que la cage porte-échappement 22 effectue un tour en une minute et la grande cage 20 un tour en quelques minutes, typiquement de 4 à 10.This amounts to saying that each time the pendulum 66 receives a impulse, the escapement cage 22 rotates around the axis B-B and the large 20 around the axis A-A, the angles traveled being a function of the numbers of teeth of the gears involved. These gears can be chosen from so that the exhaust-carrying cage 22 performs one revolution in one minute and the big cage 20 a turn in minutes, typically 4 to 10.

De la sorte, l'axe B-B balaye l'enveloppe d'un cône d'axe A-A, dont l'angle au sommet est environ égal à 60°, soit le double de l'angle α que font ensemble les axes A-A et B-B. Il en résulte que, quelle que soit la position du mouvement de la montre, l'axe du balancier a une inclinaison moyenne comprise entre 20° et 70 ° environ, ce qui réduit considérablement les différences de marche entre les positions.In this way, the axis B-B scans the envelope of a cone of axis A-A, whose angle at the top is about 60 °, double the angle α that make together axes A-A and B-B. As a result, whatever the position of the movement of the watch, the axis of the balance has a mean inclination of between 20 ° and 70 ° approximately, which considerably reduces the differences in market positions.

L'angle au sommet du cône peut varier en fonction de la construction de la montre. Plus l'angle est élevé, plus la cage 22 occupe d'espace en épaisseur, à moins de réduire le diamètre du balancier 66. Les essais effectués semblent montrer que l'optimum se trouve dans l'intervalle de 40° à 140° pour l'angle au sommet, et plus précisément au voisinage de 60°.The angle at the top of the cone may vary depending on the construction of the shows. The higher the angle, the more the cage 22 occupies space in thickness, to less to reduce the diameter of the pendulum 66. The tests carried out show that the optimum lies in the range of 40 ° to 140 ° for the angle at summit, and more precisely in the neighborhood of 60 °.

On notera encore que, pour que les conditions d'engrènement soient optimales, il est souhaitable que la seconde denture conique 25a de la roue 25 présente un angle au sommet égal à celui du cône engendré par la rotation de l'axe B-B autour de l'axe A-A.It should also be noted that for the meshing conditions to be optimal, it is desirable that the second conical teeth 25a of the wheel 25 has an apex angle equal to that of the cone generated by the rotation of the axis B-B around the axis A-A.

Le tourbillon, tel que décrit, peut bien entendu faire l'objet de nombreuses variantes sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. Ainsi, les pignons de cage 45 et 60c pourraient être remplacés par des roues engrenant respectivement avec un mobile du rouage de finissage et avec la planche 25, laquelle serait alors avantageusement munie d'une denture intérieure. Ceci permet d'obtenir un sens de rotation opposé des deux cages.The whirlpool, as described, can of course be the object of many variants without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the gables of cage 45 and 60c could be replaced by meshing wheels respectively with a mobile of the work train and with the board 25, which would then be advantageously provided with an internal toothing. This makes sense opposite rotation of the two cages.

Dans une autre variante qui n'a pas été représentée, c'est le pignon 60c qui pourrait comporter une denture conique, la denture 25a de la roue 25 étant alors droite. Il est aussi possible de répartir la conicité entre les deux dentures.In another variant that has not been shown, it is the gear 60c which could comprise a conical toothing, the teeth 25a of the wheel 25 then being right. It is also possible to distribute the taper between the two teeth.

Il est également envisageable de disposer le balancier de manière à ce qu'il ne soit pas coaxial à la cage porte-échappement 22, les axes étant parallèles. Cette solution a toutefois pour inconvénient que le moment d'inertie du balancier est réduit pour un encombrement de cage donné.It is also conceivable to arrange the pendulum so that it is not coaxial with the exhaust-carrying cage 22, the axes being parallel. This solution has however the disadvantage that the moment of inertia of the balance is reduced for a given cage size.

Il est bien évident que l'échappement utilisé dans le tourbillon peut être de n'importe quel type à oscillation libre, par exemple à ancre ou à détente.It is obvious that the exhaust used in the tourbillon can be any type with free oscillation, for example with anchor or with relaxation.

Dans l'exemple illustré les axes des mobiles du rouage de finissage sont parallèles à l'axe A-A de rotation de la première cage, ce qui pourrait ne pas être le cas dans d'autres variantes.In the example illustrated, the axes of the mobile wheels of the finishing gear are parallel to the A-A axis of rotation of the first cage, which might not be the case in other variants.

Les vitesses de rotation des cages 20 et 22 peuvent être égales ou différentes. De même, le sens de rotation des cages 20 et 22 peut être le même ou inverse.The rotational speeds of the cages 20 and 22 may be equal or different. Similarly, the direction of rotation of the cages 20 and 22 can be the same or reverse.

Dans la variante illustrée à la figure 5, la grande cage ne comporte qu'une partie inférieure 28 pivotée en porte-à-faux sur le bâti 10 par un palier 14 suivant l'axe A-A parallèle aux axes des mobiles du rouage de finissage. Cette partie inférieure 28 de la grande cage 20 porte, comme dans la première forme d'exécution, un support inférieur 40 percé d'un trou d'axe B-B à l'intérieur duquel est chassé un palier 47 destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22.In the variant illustrated in FIG. 5, the large cage comprises only one lower part 28 pivoted cantilevered on the frame 10 by a bearing 14 next the axis A-A parallel to the axes of the moving wheels of the finishing train. This part lower 28 of the large cage 20 door, as in the first form of execution, a lower support 40 pierced with a hole of axis B-B within which a bearing 47 is disengaged for receiving the exhaust-carrying cage 22.

La cage porte-échappement 22 ne comporte également que sa partie inférieure 52 et est pivotée en porte-à-faux sur la grande cage 20 par son arbre inférieur 60 portant en bout le second pignon de cage 60c engrenant avec la seconde denture 25a solidaire du bâti 10.The exhaust door 22 also has only its part lower 52 and is pivotally cantilevered on the large cage 20 by its shaft lower 60 end bearing the second cage gear 60c meshing with the second toothing 25a secured to the frame 10.

Cette variante permet de réaliser les mêmes avantages du tourbillon tout en ayant un encombrement réduit.This variant makes it possible to achieve the same benefits of the tourbillon while having a small footprint.

Dans la forme d'exécution illustrée à la figure 6, le dispositif du type tourbillon comporte également une grande cage 20 et une cage porte-échappement 22 comme décrit dans la première forme d'exécution ou sa variante et le pignon d'échappement 70a est également en prise avec la première denture 48a disposée dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (B-B) de la cage porte-échappement.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the device of the type vortex also has a large cage 20 and an exhaust door 22 as described in the first embodiment or its variant and the exhaust pinion 70a is also engaged with the first gear 48a disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis (B-B) of the exhaust-carrying cage.

Dans cette forme d'exécution, cette denture 48a est portée par une planche 48 montée sur la base pyramidale 40 de la grande cage 20 concentriquement à l'axe B-B de la cage porte-échappement 22.In this embodiment, this toothing 48a is carried by a board 48 mounted on the pyramidal base 40 of the large cage 20 concentrically to the axis B-B of the exhaust-carrying cage 22.

Le premier pignon de cage 45 de la grande cage est comme précédemment en prise avec la roue 18 du mobile de finissage généralement le mobile de moyenne.The first cage gear 45 of the big cage is like previously engaged with the wheel 18 of the finishing mobile generally the mobile average.

Dans cette exécution, la grande cage est conçue comme un carrousel et le pignon de cage 60c de la cage porte-échappement est en prise avec l'une des roues 80a d'un mobile 80 pivoté sur le bâti 10 dont la seconde roue 80b est elle en prise avec une seconde roue 18a du mobile de finissage.In this embodiment, the large cage is designed as a carousel and the cage pinion 60c of the exhaust carrier is engaged with one of the 80a wheels of a mobile 80 pivoted on the frame 10 whose second wheel 80b is it in taken with a second wheel 18a of the finishing mobile.

Ainsi, dans cette exécution, le mouvement comporte un tourbillon ne comportant en fait qu'une cage, la cage porte-échappement pivotée de façon inclinée par rapport au bâti 10, et la grande cage 20 forme un carrousel qui porte la cage porte-échappement dans sa rotation commandée par le rouage moteur du mouvement.So, in this execution, the movement includes a whirlpool not having in fact a cage, the escape cage pivoted so inclined relative to the frame 10, and the large cage 20 forms a carousel which carries the exhaust-carrying cage in its rotation controlled by the power train of the movement.

La forme d'exécution illustrée à la figure 7 montre une version simplifiée du tourbillon ne comportant qu'une cage porte-échappement 22 pivotée de façon inclinée sur le bâti 10 par son arbre 60. Le bâti 10 solidaire du support incliné 40 comportant la première denture périphérique 48a située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation B-B de la cage porte-échappement 22. Cet axe B-B forme un angle α avec une direction parallèle à l'axe du mobile de finissage 18. L'arbre 60 de cette cage 22 est pivoté dans des paliers 47 et 47a du bâti 10 et le pignon de cage 60c de la cage porte-échappement 22 est en prise avec la roue de finissage 18. Le pignon d'échappement 70a est en prise avec la première denture 48a portée par le support 40 du bâti 10.The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 shows a simplified version of the vortex comprising only one exhaust-carrying cage 22 pivoted so inclined on the frame 10 by its shaft 60. The frame 10 integral with the inclined support 40 having the first peripheral toothing 48a located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation B-B of the exhaust-carrying cage 22. This axis B-B forms an angle α with a direction parallel to the axis of the mobile finishing 18. The shaft 60 of this cage 22 is pivoted in bearings 47 and 47a of the frame 10 and the cage gear 60c of the exhaust-carrying cage 22 is engaged with the wheel 18. The exhaust pinion 70a is engaged with the first teeth 48a carried by the support 40 of the frame 10.

Cette solution a l'avantage d'être simple et peu encombrante. Comme dans les formes d'exécution précédentes, le balancier, l'ancre et le mobile d'échappement portés par la cage porte-échappement 22 sont pivotés sur cette cage suivant des axes parallèles entre eux et à l'axe de rotation de la cage porte-échappement 22.This solution has the advantage of being simple and compact. As in the previous forms of execution, the pendulum, the anchor and the mobile exhaust pipes carried by the exhaust-carrying cage 22 are pivoted on this cage along axes parallel to each other and to the axis of rotation of the exhaust-carrying cage 22.

Il va de soi que dans des variantes de chaque forme d'exécution décrite, le balancier et l'échappement pivotés dans la cage porte-échappement 22 pourraient être du type Prendel.It goes without saying that in variants of each embodiment described, the pendulum and exhaust pivoted in the exhaust port 22 could to be of the Prendel type.

Claims (15)

  1. Watch movement with a frame (10; 12), a finissage geartrain (18), and a Tourbillon device (16) with an escapement carriage (22), a balance-spring system (66) and an escapement (68, 70) having a wheel (70) provided with an escapement pinion (70a), all pivoted in the escapement carriage (22), characterized in that the escapement carriage is mounted freely rotatably about a first axis (B-B) forming an angle (α) to the axis of rotation of the wheels of the finissage geartrain that is different from 0 and from 90°, this escapement carriage (22) having a first carriage gear (60c) that is coaxial to said first axis (B-B) and engaged with a wheel (18; 25; 80) mounted on the frame (10; 12), and by the fact that the escapement pinion (70a) is engaged with teeth (48a) that are mounted on the frame (10; 12) and are located in a plane perpendicular to said first axis (B-B) of the escapement carriage (22).
  2. Watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that said angle (α) is comprised between 20° and 70°, and preferably has a value of essentially 30°.
  3. Watch movement according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the balance (66) and the wheels of the escapement (68, 70) pivot around axes that are parallel to said first axis (B-B).
  4. Watch movement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balance (66) pivots around an axis that coincides with said first axis (B-B) of the escapement carriage (22).
  5. Watch movement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the escapement carriage (22) is pivoted cantilever style about the first axis (B-B) on frame (10).
  6. Watch movement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carriage gear (60c) of the escapement carriage (22) is engaged with a wheel (18) of the finissage geartrain; and in that the teeth (48a) are integral with the frame (10; 12).
  7. Watch movement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it also has a large carriage (20) mounted onto the frame (10; 12), freely rotatably about a second axis (A-A) that forms an angle different from 90° with the first axis (B-B); in that the escapement carriage (22) is mounted freely rotatably about said first axis (B-B) onto this large carriage (20); in that the large carriage (20) carries a second carriage gear (45) coaxial to the second axis (A-A) that is engaged with a wheel (18) of the finissage geartrain; in that the carriage gear (60c) of the escapement carriage (22) is engaged with a wheel (25, 80) mounted on the frame (10; 12) and coaxial with the axis (A-A) of the large carriage (20); and in that said teeth (48a) are integral with the large carriage (20).
  8. Watch movement according to claim 7, characterized in that the escapement carriage (22) is pivoted cantilever style on the large carriage (20).
  9. Watch movement according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the large carriage (20) is pivoted cantilever style on the frame (10; 12).
  10. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the large carriage (20) is pivoted about its axis (A-A) between two bearings (14) of the movement, one held by the frame (10) and the other held by a bridge (12).
  11. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the carriage gear (60c) of the escapement carriage (22) is engaged with the teeth (25a) of a plate (25) that is integral with frame (10; 12) and coaxial to axis (A-A) of the large carriage (20).
  12. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the carriage gear (60c) of the escapement carriage (22) is engaged with one of the wheels (80a) of a mobile part (8) pivoted on the frame (10; 12) and coaxial to axis (A-A) of the large carriage (20), this mobile part having a second wheel (80b) engaged with a wheel (18a) of the finissage geartrain.
  13. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the angular velocities of the carriages (20, 22) are equal or different.
  14. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the directions of rotation of the carriages (20, 22) are the same or opposite.
  15. Watch movement according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the axis (A-A) of the large carriage (20) is parallel to the axes of the wheels of the finissage geartrain (18).
EP02753168A 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part Expired - Lifetime EP1419419B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02753168A EP1419419B1 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810803 2001-08-20
EP01810803 2001-08-20
PCT/IB2002/003061 WO2003017009A2 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part
EP02753168A EP1419419B1 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1419419A2 EP1419419A2 (en) 2004-05-19
EP1419419B1 true EP1419419B1 (en) 2005-11-09

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EP02753168A Expired - Lifetime EP1419419B1 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part

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EP (1) EP1419419B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE309559T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002313572A1 (en)
CH (1) CH1419419H1 (en)
DE (1) DE60207267T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003017009A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2407832A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 Richemont International S.A. Timepiece movement

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005015322A1 (en) * 2003-08-11 2005-02-17 Markus Moll Oscillating rotation for pieces of jewelry and tourbillon cages of tourbillon clock mechanisms
CH697781B1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2009-02-13 Gfpi S A timepiece provided with a tourbillon.
CN100538556C (en) 2004-04-15 2009-09-09 蒙特雷布勒盖股份有限公司 The wrist-watch that comprises at least two top flywheels
CH698618B1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2009-09-15 Karl Bernhard Lederer Piece tourbillon mechanical watchmaking.
EP1686435B1 (en) 2005-01-28 2008-08-27 Richemont International S.A. Timepiece comprising a tourbillon
DE602005021748D1 (en) 2005-03-30 2010-07-22 Montres Breguet Sa Watch with at least two regulating systems
EP1927036B1 (en) 2005-09-23 2012-08-15 Watch-U-Licence AG Oblique tourbillon
US7568831B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2009-08-04 Tiffany & Co. Watch Center Ag Tourbillion-type timepiece movement
JP5048082B2 (en) * 2007-02-08 2012-10-17 コンプリタイム エスアー Watch movement
CH702707B1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2011-08-31 Complitime Sa workpiece movement of tourbillon watches.
CH704783B1 (en) 2011-04-14 2016-09-15 Complitime Sa Movement timepiece.
CH705244B1 (en) 2011-07-07 2016-06-30 Gfpi S A Timepiece.
EP3650954A1 (en) 2018-11-09 2020-05-13 Montres Breguet S.A. Governor for a watch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2407832A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 Richemont International S.A. Timepiece movement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002313572A1 (en) 2003-03-03
CH1419419H1 (en) 2022-03-15
ATE309559T1 (en) 2005-11-15
DE60207267D1 (en) 2005-12-15
DE60207267T2 (en) 2006-11-16
EP1419419A2 (en) 2004-05-19
WO2003017009A2 (en) 2003-02-27
WO2003017009A3 (en) 2003-06-05

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