EP1358369A2

EP1358369A2 - Method and device for producing substantially endless fine threads

Info

Publication number: EP1358369A2
Application number: EP01985429A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lüder Dr.-Ing. Gerking
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-12-22
Filing date: 2001-12-21
Publication date: 2003-11-05
Anticipated expiration: 2021-12-21
Also published as: CA2432790C; CA2432790A1; DE10065859A1; DE10065859B4; US7922943B2; RU2265089C2; ES2227307T3; WO2002052070A3; CN1322181C; US20040099981A1; WO2002052070A2; AU2002234596A1; EP1358369B1; CN1492952A; DE50103362D1; ATE274075T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing substantially endless fine threads from polymer solutions, especially spinning material for lyocell, wherein the spinning material is spun from at least one spinning hole or a spinning slot. The spun thread or film is drawn by high-speed accelerated gas flows using a Laval nozzle whose narrowest cross-section is located beneath the point where the spinning material exists. The threads are arranged on a strip in the form of a non-woven or are taken up in the form of a yarn and are subsequently separated in spinning baths by means of solvents.

Description

Method and device for producing essentially endless fine threads

The invention relates to a method for producing 5 fine threads from solutions of polymers of natural or synthetic origin and devices for their production.

Fine threads, also called micro threads, mostly all sorts of microfibers of finite length, have been produced using a hot air blow spinning process, so-called meltblown process, for many years, and there are different devices for this today. It is all the same that in addition to a series of melt bores - also several rows parallel to one another have become known - hot air escapes which warps the threads. By mixing with the colder ambient air, these threads or finally long fibers are cooled and solidified, because the threads often tear, often undesirably. The Disadvantages of these meltblown processes are the high energy expenditure for heating the hot air flowing at high speed, a limited throughput through the individual spinning bores (even if these have become increasingly denser over time up to a distance of less than 0.6 m at 0, 25 mm in the hole diameter) that thread diameters below 3 µm lead to tearing, which leads to pearls and protruding fibers in the later textile composite, and that the polymers are thermally damaged significantly above the melt temperature by the high air temperature required to produce fine threads. The spinnerets, a large number of which have been proposed and also protected, are complex injection molds which have to be manufactured with high precision. They are expensive, operationally susceptible and complex to clean.

Such meltblown processes have also become known for the formation of finally long fibers from Lyocell masses, i.e. spun from a solvent, usually NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide), dissolved cellulose, e.g. W098 / 26122, WO98 / 07911, W099 / 47733.

French patent specification 2,735,794 describes a process in which a cellulosic mass from one or more spinning bores is split into individual particles by bursting (eclatement) and these are drawn into finely long fibers by the gas flow. The process of fiber formation occurs in turbulent flow conditions.

A prevailing problem in spinning

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Acceleration of the gas decreases in fluidic law its pressure. The conditions of the temperature of the spinning mass, the gas flow and its rapid acceleration are so coordinated that the thread, before it solidifies, reaches a hydrostatic pressure inside it which is greater than the surrounding gas pressure, so that the thread bursts and collapses divided into a multitude of fine threads side by side. Threads and air leave the chamber through a gap at the bottom. The bursting occurs in or after the gap and under otherwise unchanged conditions surprisingly stable at a certain point. In the area of strong acceleration, gas and thread flow run parallel, the flow boundary layer around the threads being laminar. The original thread monofilament is continued to be spliced without beads and tears. A multifilament is made from a monofilament of much finer threads using a gas flow of ambient temperature or slightly above it.

The threads can continue to be drawn after the point of attachment until they have solidified. This happens very quickly because of the suddenly created larger thread area. The threads are endless. To a lesser extent, technical interferences can lead to long threads, but the endless fine individual filaments are predominant.

The spinning masses used in DE 199 29 709 are meltable polymers. These are of synthetic or natural origin. Of the fibers based on natural raw materials, those of the renewable raw material cellulose are of particular interest. It has been shown that this method of splice threads can also be applied to Lyocell spinning masses by dissolving cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and water and pressing it out into threads through spinning bores. Other solvents can also be used, but NMMO has proven to be the most suitable so far. The spinning mass present as a solution is spun out, as described above, and the threads pass through the air gap specified by the Laval nozzle, in which they are drawn to thinner diameters, and then pass into a water bath, in which the cellulose coagulates and the solvent gets into the water bath, which is renewed because of the constant enrichment and the solvent is taken back.

A special feature of the method according to the invention is that the accompanying gas, generally air, flow accompanies the liquid solution mass threads shortly after they emerge from the spinning bore and is distorted by shear stress. This provides them with orientation and cooling, both of which lead to increasing strength and a reduction in the number of harmful tears, even leading to their complete prevention. By mixing the gas flow with the surrounding atmosphere, usually also air, the gas flow is delayed and the threads are no longer subject to the initial tension due to their higher speed, but remain endless and are carried away even when they are torn off by the air flow. It is still the threads of the initial solution mass, if one does not already begin to precipitate the cellulose by blowing in steam or water, for example. These threads can be placed on a sieve belt and separated from the accompanying gas flow, as is known in spunbonding processes. the gas (air) passes through the screen belt and is sucked off below it, and the threads deposited on the nonwoven are now only fed to the precipitation bath. An otherwise very exact adherence when spinning lyocell threads starting with fine capillary diameters for the spinning bore, then the air gap and its temperature and renewal as well as the requirements for the uniformity of the melt as free as possible of undissolved parts, which are only permitted in a few ppm, are not applicable due to the forced guidance of the threads through the extracting air flow. The thread formation and storage room is easily accessible because distances of 1 and 2 m between the nozzle outlet and the fall arrester can be achieved.

Instead of depositing the threads from the solution mass into a fleece and then placing them in a precipitation bath, threads can be spun out in the same way according to the method according to the invention and separated from the accompanying gas flow by suctioning them off to the side in a device similar to that in FIG German patent 42 36 514 is provided. The individual threads or also several as yarns are then fed to the cellulose case devices for coagulation and wound up on bobbins.

In contrast to the production of very fine threads made of synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester and others, the splicing of the solvent jet to produce fine and very fine threads is only necessary to a limited extent. As noted above, after removal of the solvent by coagulation, a good 10%, that is to say in spinning processes for lyocell threads, already arise in the solution mass in accordance with the cellulose content used quite usual concentration, threads in the range of less than 10 μm in diameter without fanning out, and it was found that the splicing into several threads was only to a minor extent, also because of the special viscosity behavior of the NMMO cellulose solutions, which is very different from synthetic polymers next to each other is only possible to a lesser extent and with lower cellulose contents of the spinning mass. While an increase in temperature is sufficient for the synthetic polymers so that due to the effect of the surface tension due to the increase in the internal pressure in the thread, this bursts and splits into individual threads, Lyocell quickly suffers damage to these sensitive materials at temperatures well above 100 ° C and the threads later lack strength and other desired properties.

In contrast, it has been shown that other natural polymers can be processed into essentially endless threads in accordance with the method according to DE 199 29 709 and the one here. They behave like the synthetic polymers in terms of fanning out or more like the cellulosic masses for Lyocell threads depending on the type.

Another naturally-based polymer that can be spun into threads is polylactide PLA (polylactic acid), which is obtained on the basis of starch, for example grain or corn starch, but also from whey or sugar. PLA materials have the special property that they are biodegradable, whereby the decomposition, ie the decomposition into C0 ₂ and H ₂ 0, can also be set for a certain period of time, and that they are body-friendly. Here, too, the splicing process enables very fine threads to be to deliver, as otherwise only with the disadvantages of the melt-blown process - large amounts of air must be raised to at least melt temperature, whereby the polymers are mostly damaged - can be obtained.

Another goal is to increase the economic efficiency in the production of the threads through higher spinning mass throughput and lower specific air and thus energy consumption. It has been shown that thread-forming plastic solutions of very different types, of natural or synthetic origin, can not only be shaped into threads by pressing them out of round or profiled individual openings and then drawing gas or air currents, but that splice threads are used in a very similar way How the monofilaments made from single openings can be made from films. For this purpose, the spinning mass is pressed out of an elongated, slit-shaped nozzle, as mentioned above, into a chamber which is separated from the environment and is subjected to a certain pressure to which gas, for example air, is supplied, the film being in an area of rapid acceleration of the gas at the outlet from the chamber enters a longitudinal gap. Below the acceleration zone, ie in the relaxation zone, the film spliced and piles of essentially endless threads then appeared, but in contrast to those spliced from monofilaments, those of very different diameters and nodular thickenings. These arise in the still molten state of the textile materials and can be set within certain limits by the main process parameters melt temperature, melt throughput and exhausting gases - mostly air flows. Single threads that can then also be wound up can be spliced not produced by films, but nonwovens are. These spunbonded webs made of randomly deposited individual threads of different thread diameters can have advantages and are more like natural materials, in which there is also a larger spectrum of different individual elements that compose them, here fibers and threads, as in leather and wood, whose different individual fibers are their special and mostly advantageous Identify properties.

In both processes, splicing a monofilament or a film, the temperature of the spinning mass is of the greatest influence, because it determines viscosity and thus filament capacity and surface tension and thus pressure formation in the monofilament and in the film. It is therefore not desirable to cool the thread too early; on the contrary, an increase in the temperature shortly after exiting the spinning opening can be advantageous. The fanning mechanism is similar in monofilament and film, but not the same. With monofilaments, bursting occurs when the pressure inside is greater than that in the surrounding gas flow. In the splicing process, this occurs in that the thread diameter decreases in addition to the generally small influence of gravity due to an accompanying gas flow, which accelerates continuously and the pressure in the gas decreases according to the fluid dynamics laws. The surface tension increases the pressure in the liquid monofilament. The individual threads are split open due to the monofilament bursting when the liquid skin can no longer hold the thread together. When spinning films, different pressures arise across the width of the film, namely that they are higher at the edges due to the surface tension due to the curvature there. Such films are fundamental unstable, even if the gas flow is kept laminar as long as possible according to the invention. There are furrows, scoring across the film width and breakthroughs with the formation of thread-like or band-shaped individual parts, also called ligaments.

The area of strong acceleration and pressure reduction in the gas flow is realized according to the invention in the form of a rotationally symmetrical or elongated Laval nozzle with a convergent contour to a narrowest cross section and then rapid expansion, the latter already so that the newly formed individual threads running next to one another cannot adhere to the walls , In the narrowest cross-section, if the pressure in the chamber is selected appropriately (for air about twice as high as the ambient pressure behind it), the speed of sound can be found and in the extended part of the Laval nozzle, the speed of sound can be supersonic.

For the production of nonwoven fabrics (spunbonded fabrics), spinnerets with spinning bores arranged in rows and in a rectangular or slot shape and Laval nozzles with a rectangular cross section are used. Round nozzles with one or more spinning holes and rotationally symmetrical Laval nozzles can also be used for the production of yarns and for special types of nonwoven fabric production.

The advantage of the present invention is that fine threads in the range below 10 μm, for example between 2 and 5 μm, can be produced in a simple and economical manner, which in the case of pure warping, for example by the meltblown method, only heats up above the melting point Gas (air) jets too Is brought about and thus requires considerably more energy. In addition, the threads are not damaged in their molecular structure by excess temperatures, which would lead to reduced strength, which can then often be rubbed out of a textile dressing. Another advantage is that the threads are endless or quasi endless and do not protrude from a textile dressing such as a fleece and can be removed as lint. The device for realizing the method according to the invention is simple. The spinning bores of the spinneret as well as the slot nozzle can be larger and therefore less susceptible to faults. The accuracy of the Laval nozzle cross-section does not require the narrow tolerances of the side air slots of the meltblown

Procedure. With a certain polymer, one only needs to coordinate the solution temperature and the pressure in the chamber and with a given throughput per spinning hole and the geometrical position of the spinneret relative to the Laval nozzle, there is fanning out. With Lyocell, the solution thread is thinned to the desired diameter, the splicing only occurs sporadically.

A further development of the invention is to cool the solution cone, round as a monofilament or wedge-shaped as a film, as little as possible before the fanning out and, in addition, to heat it to a higher temperature. For this purpose, heaters shielded from the gas flow are installed on both sides of the outlet openings - row of holes or slot. On the one hand, these heaters bring heat to the outside of the spinning mass in the area of the outlet opening and give it a temperature increase where it allows a higher speed and thus higher heat transfer, on the other hand, the heaters are of the type that they transfer heat to the conical or wedge-shaped part of the deforming spinning mass by radiation.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of part of an apparatus for producing

Threads according to the invention,

2 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention according to an exemplary embodiment with a line nozzle and spinning bores for the production of Lyocell nonwovens from micro threads,

Fig. 3 is a photo of a micrograph of PP splice threads, produced according to Example 3 by bursting a melt film, and

4 shows a photo of PP splice threads under the conditions corresponding to FIG. 3, produced by splicing monofilaments.

1 shows a section through the lower part of a spinneret 1 and an associated Laval nozzle, this section both for a rotatin-symmetrical spinneret that spins a thread or a monofilament and a rotationally symmetrical Laval nozzle, as well as for a slotted nozzle. or a rectangular spinneret that spins a film and applies a correspondingly rectangular Laval nozzle. There can also be a spinneret with several spinning bores arranged in series with a corresponding elongated bore Laval nozzle may be provided. Underneath the spinneret 1 there is a plate 11, 11 'with a gap 12 ", which is seen as converging from the spinneret and is then slightly divergent and widens considerably at the lower edge of the plate 11, 11', whereby the Laval nozzle The spinneret or the spinning bores of the spinnerets end just above the Laval nozzle or in the upper plane of the plate 11, 11 ', and the spinneret 1 can optionally also protrude slightly into the opening 12.

Between the spinneret 1 and the plate 11, 11 'there is a closed space, to which gas is supplied according to the arrows 6, 6', for example by a compressor. The gas, which can be air, is usually at ambient temperature, but can also have a somewhat higher temperature, for example 70 ° to 80 °, due to the compression heat from the compressor. The spinneret 1 is surrounded by an insulating arrangement 8, 8 ', which serves to shield the spinneret heated to the spinning temperature against heat losses, an air gap 9 advantageously also being provided between the spinneret 1 and the insulating arrangement 8, 8'. The spinneret 1 has an outlet opening 4, in the area of which a heater 10, 10 'is attached, which in the

Embodiment is designed as a flat heating tape and is advantageously insulated against the insulating arrangement 8, 8 'to avoid heat loss through parts 13 and 13'. The space below the plate 11, 11 'usually has ambient pressure, ie atmospheric pressure, while the gas in the space between the spinneret 1 and the plate 11, 11' is at an increased pressure. In the case of subsequent further processing into nonwoven, yarns or other thread structures, the space below the plate 11, 11 'can be somewhat less than the ambient pressure have increased pressure, for example by a few millibars, which is required for further processing, such as fleece laying or other thread-gathering devices.

A polymer solution 2, e.g. Lyocell, flows along the drawn arrow 3 against the outflow opening 4 of the nozzle 1. A thread 5 or a film is formed, which in its further course due to the gas flow coming laterally from above along the arrows 6, 6 ′ drawn in between the contour of the surfaces of the plate 11, 11 ′ and the outer surfaces 7, 7 'of the insulating arrangement 8, 8' runs, reduced in diameter or in width. The heater 10, 10 'heats the capillary of the outlet opening 4 from the outside and can heat up the spinning mass flowing past it with its lower part by appropriate extension, essentially by radiation. The thread 5 or the film passes into the constriction 12 'of the flow cross-section formed by the parts 11, 11' of the plate

Gas flow 6, 6 'in the manner of the Laval nozzle with the narrowest cross-section at 12. Until then, the flow velocity of the gas increases continuously and in the narrowest cross-section 12 there can be speed of sound if the critical pressure ratio in the quiescent state of the gas pi in the chamber above the Plate 11, 11 'for pressure in the narrowest point p _{e is} exceeded. By expanding the Laval nozzle towards the room with the pressure p ₂ below the plate 11, 11 ', supersonic speeds can also arise in the case of supercritical pressure conditions. In general, the Laval nozzle widens very much immediately after the narrowest cross-section 12 or shortly thereafter in order to prevent the threads from sticking to the plate 11, 11 'just below the Laval nozzle due to the fanning out that begins in this area. In the example shown, the thread 5 bursts or splices when the thread jacket can no longer hold the solution thread together against the internal pressure that has grown with the thread constriction. The monofilament is then divided into individual threads, which cool down rapidly due to the temperature difference between the solution and cold gas or air and the suddenly large surface area of the individual threads, based on the thread mass. A certain number of very fine, essentially endless individual threads has thus arisen. In the case of a lyocell solution, the phenomenon of splicing often does not occur or only occurs here and there, ie in FIG. 1 the thread spinning out would continue. The thread is distorted by the laminar gas flow at a constantly increasing speed, so that ultimately fine threads result due to the cellulose content being around or below 10%.

The solution film also tears open just below the Laval nozzle, the pressure conditions in the film differing across the width before the fanning out and the film becomes unstable. Shortly before the fanning out, there are furrows and scoring across the film width and then there are breakthroughs of threads with small but larger diameters.

It follows from the nature of such bursting operations that the number of threads formed after the splicing point, which may still be in the Laval nozzle or, for example, 5 to 25 mm below the narrowest point of the Laval nozzle, cannot be constant. Because of the short distance that the thread or film and gas travel together to the point where the thread is spliced or until the thread is finally warped, the flow boundary layer around the thread laminar. The air is also brought from the supply lines as laminar as possible to the area of the fanning out. This has the advantage of lower flow losses, but also a more uniform spread of the splicing over time. The accelerated flow, as it exists in the cross section of the Laval nozzle, remains laminar and can even laminarize if a certain turbulence prevailed beforehand.

2 shows the perspective view of a plant for the method according to the invention, in which a lyocell mass 130 is fed to a device 30 and a fleece 20 is obtained therefrom. The device 30 for producing essentially endless threads corresponds to the arrangement according to FIG. 1, with a plurality of spinnerets or spinning bores corresponding to FIG. 1 being arranged in series and the Laval nozzle being elongated or in the form of a rectangle. Thread monofilaments emerge from the individual spinning bores, taper due to the thrust forces of the gas flow and, if necessary, splicing, in Lyocell's work less, in the lower part of the gap of the Laval nozzle (not shown) or somewhat below to form several threads. At Lyocell, essentially single threads are spun out.

The air flow accompanying them leads them towards a catch belt 50, where the threads are still deposited in the dry. This is possible with the present process and has great advantages over lyocell processes, in which the threads are introduced into the precipitation bath, usually made of water, immediately after a short air gap of a few cm. There is a suction device below the storage path in the dry, represented by box 60 as in spunbonded fabric.

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0 rt 0 Φ CQ tr Φ ^ Φ α ιP μ o * •. ^ 0 Ω SD: μ μ- o S --- SD: - N μ SD tr Φ μ -P dd co 1 ι SD: Φ co co 0 tr Sl- rt -S SD tr SD Φ α 0 μ- 0 " Φ μ 0 • _^ a. Φ K μ 3 o - ^■ Cfl 5 o φ Φ SD Φ o. Μ 0 φ Φ ^ SD μ- SD ιP d co μ- tr Φ μ- μ- tT Φ o Φ φ 0 £. Σ CQ μ- φ α 00 0 - μ SD: H 0 _P

-Q Φ μ μ- 3 Φ Φ 0 ιp <P rt 0 0 0 0 μ- Φ Φ CO CQ <φ D * _^ μ- o. Tr μ

Φ 0 Ω Ω Φ 0 Φ Φ rt μ- (--- rt DN μ μ φ Φ μ- α 0 Φ SD Φ μ- μ tr tr μ- μ- Φ 0 0 rt Φ rt φ d μ- dd Φ μ μ- »3 μ- fl d 0 Ω μ- μ- CQ 3 0 SD SD μ -" rt see μ μ- Hi ip Φ μ- ω Φ μ- 3 φ Ω Φ 0 'Φ

0 α St <! rt Hl Ω μ Φ Φ SD 0 v Ω φ 0 rt rt do SD α rt μ 0 ^* <! Cfl rt sQ μ- μ- os! SD 0 rt 0 d 0 fl tr _ co μ μ co μ- Φ od tr φ Φ Ω 0 l → Φ H 0 0 N Hl φ SD Ω tv> Φ o μ- Cfl ^ 3 Cfl 0 Φ

Ϊ d CQ H μ- P. rt s: (D d μ- N tr S-i. <I tr tr o> rt SD: Ό ι ιq

N CA Φ α i Φ CQ 0 'Φ Φ d 0 d μ ΪD o μ- d SO- Φ N Φ H Cfl μ- Φ μ- d OH Φ rt 0 μ fl s: o μ Hl φ α μ rt tr μ <! N i SD μ Φ H H μ- Φ 0 Φ ιQ μ- 1 0 CQ rt 0 φ o Φ μ- Φ Φ Φ tr φ SD d i CQ tr Φ 3 μ-

.v 0 rt -> SD 3 Φ μ - ^■ φ 5d 0 0 ^ μ. φ μ - ^■ SD o 0 Φ SD r φ SD rt μ 0 o co μ μ- Ω μ α 0 o Φ SD μ Hl SD co 0 <tr Φ S --- er ι- ^j tr φ

SD: H! --- o 0: Ω tr> Hl Φ d μ- 3 s: Φ 0 φ ιp μ- 0 0! --- μi SD fl ιp 0

Hi θ: Φ 0 3 tr d μ- 0 M CQ H s: φ μ- Φ μ ^j o S --- μ- tr μ- Φ d> 0 Φ rt CO μ co Φ - d Φ μ- Cfl 0 oo Φ M 0 Ω μ- SD: rt μ 0 SD Φ 0 μ d: Hl Φ

Φ co r- ^> α α d rt 0 0 "rt P. co 0 0 0 fl 0 'CQ 0 μ- μ- Φ 0 Q ω μ- Ω CQ Φ d =

0 CQ ιp μ μ d μ- φ 0 Ω rt Φ -P ι φ μ s--. Φ Ω 0 "Cfl SD co" t- <

SD ιQ o N TJ φ μ- 0 0 3 - «ιp tr 0 Cfl d μ μ- μ 0- μ- tr μ dd 0 d φ SD 3 rt ιP SD φ o SD up 0 φ s: Cπ 0 0: rt ! --- -P μ ^< ^ rt St.

CQ SD co 3 μ μ rt CQ • fl -_l. s; CQ μ- μ Φ £ ιP 0 Φ o tr SD? O: SD: rt d rt Hl SD Cfl iQ O φ μ- i Φ N μ- Φ. µ- Q. µ -Q ω Φ co s; d CQ s: Cfl SD - ^■ T SD φ Φ s: Ω SD? Φ Φ μ rt N SD d Φ μ- φ H μ- P- μ- T) 0- HM d 3 Φ? μ ^ O: μ- l-_ Φ d CQ 0 N Cfl rt 0 tr μ d

Q.! --- Φ μ- μ Φ Φ O (D: μ- Φ 0 SD: 0 -P W iχ) μ μ μ ιP Φ μ- SD! --- μ

Φ 0 Φ i- ^> μ- tda 0 rt SD: μi o φ d: μ- Φ α Ω

Φ 0 ιp 0 0 -P Φ μ fl rt φ φ Φ I φ Ω 0 Ω ιp tr Φ t-r

Cfl Φ Φ φ φ 0 Ω 0 0 μ- Φ rt 1 o

1 0 d 0 0 tr 1 1 1 μ 3

is therefore not possible with processes according to the prior art to produce very fine threads, because the spinning mass can only be drawn out into a thread of smaller diameter, and then no longer, in the air gap between the nozzle outlet and the coagulation bath. According to the present method, the forces required for the deformation are shear stress forces (in addition to the very low effect of gravity) which do not stress the thread as tensile forces over the thread cross-section, as a result of which tear-off hardly occurs.

The coagulation of the dissolved thread polymer, here cellulose for lyocell threads, in a solvent, here NMMO, can already be initiated between spinning device 30 and storage surface 51 by blowing water mist or steam sideways against the thread sheet, i.e. where the suction boxes described above for Air 110, 110 'are attached and thus moist air or steam can now be introduced into the thread sheet in exactly the opposite way to the discharged air. The effect of this is that the threads on the outside are already enriched in the cellulose fraction before they are applied and that a bond between them is not as strong as if they were laid down to form a fleece without the like. The fleece is then introduced into a precipitation bath, after which it is only self-bound by pressing rollers or between a drum, also heated, and the screen belt. Because the lyocell threads produced are soft and already adhere to one another when they are connected to one another under only slight pressure. This autogenous connection is another particular advantage in the production of nonwovens from lyocell threads. If the coagulation has already started, the bond is not as strong and softer nonwovens with a textile handle are obtained compared to the previously not sprayed, only fleeces drawn through the precipitation bath, which are more compact and have a harder, paper grip.

It goes without saying that after the trough shown in FIG. 2 further stages of coagulation or washing out of the solvent can follow. Sieve drum washing machines, such as those used in the textile industry, can also be used for this, the fleece wrapping around the sieve drum in a specific circumferential segment and the water being axially extracted through the fleece and the perforated drum jacket and the bath or the separation of water and solvent , for example NMMO, are fed again. The fleece must then be dried, which can be done with a drum dryer. Since here in general there is a strong shrinkage of the lyocell threads, the nonwoven can be guided between a suction drum through which warm air flows and a sieve belt that wraps around it and moves at the same speed.

example 1

Via a screw press (extruder), a solution of 13% cellulose in an aqueous NMMO solution of 75% and 12% water was fed to a spinning device from a spinneret with a hole and a round Laval nozzle, the individual spinning hole having a diameter of 0 , 5 mm. The solution is produced on an industrial scale and metered to the spinning device directly via pumps that deliver it. The temperature of the Lyocell spinning mass at the extruder outlet was 94 ° C. At the lower part of the conical tip of the nozzle there was an electrical resistance heater, for heating it with a power between 50 and 300 W. Hung was done with air at room temperature of about 22 ° C, the pressure, measured before acceleration in the Laval nozzle, was set between 0.05 and 3 bar above atmospheric pressure. The exit of the Lyocell ace from the nozzle tip was only slightly varied and was 1 to 2 mm above the level where the Laval nozzle constricts, with further settings exactly at this level or 1 to 2 mm below, ie further downstream. The Laval nozzle had a width in the narrowest cross-section of 4 mm and a total length, measured from the plane where its constriction begins, to a strong expansion shortly after the narrowest cross-section, of 10 mm.

Table 1 shows the settings 1-11. The special influence of the heater 10 of the nozzle tip can be seen, as a result of which the spinning mass obtained an elevated temperature shortly before it emerged from the spinning bore, and clearly above its original temperature of 94 ° C. The threads were only partially spliced, essentially not at individual settings, in particular with lower air pressure and lower temperature. You can convince yourself of this by comparing the thread speed, calculated from the measured throughput of the spinning mass and the mean final thread diameter, corrected for the diameter reduction by the solvent removal with the highest air speed that occurs, ie that in the Laval nozzle gap (if no supersonic speed occurs thereafter). If this is higher, the threads can be spliced - the more the speeds differ. If it is less than this calculated average thread speed, the majority of them are not spliced; if both are about the same size, some are spliced, some are not, because everything applies in each case Medium. The observation is general that lyocell filaments are less prone to splicing, as already mentioned in the beginning, compared to synthetic polymers such as polypropylene.

Even with high throughputs per spinning bore above 4 g / min, threads around and below 10 μm could be produced. A higher air pressure p _x leads to finer threads within certain limits until the nozzle tip cools down more due to the increased heat transfer to the air flow and the splicing was also more difficult. One can partially compensate for the influence of the increased air velocity through increased air pressure in front of the Laval nozzle through increased temperature at the nozzle tip. There is also an influence from the position of the nozzle tip relative to the Laval nozzle. Here, too, the two main influencing variables, temperature of the spinning mass and shear effect of the air flow, are decisive for splicing.

μ> cπ o cπ

considerable endless Lyocell threads depending on the pressure of the unheated air:

Table e 2

No . Pi d ₅ o min ax CV ι, e UF50 mbar μm μ μ m / sm / s

5 160 8, 5 2, 8 21, 1 59 156 67

7 200 8, 0 3, 7 14, 7 39 173 78

9 250 9, 7 2, 7 16, 3 39 192 52

11 300 9, 2 5, 1 18, 4 43 209 61

Despite increasing air pressure pi, measured in front of the Laval nozzle, the threads become thicker again from pχ = 200 mbar, which can be attributed to faster cooling due to the higher air flow.

The speed of the air in the narrowest cross section of the Laval nozzle u _Le and the speed u _F50 that a Lyocell thread would have before entering the precipitation bath with a later average diameter d _{50 are also listed} . If this is greater than u _Le , there may be a fanning out. To do this, however, the values would have to differ very significantly, since a finer diameter than the arithmetical value corresponds to the maximum air speed during the spinning process, that is to say in the narrowest gap of the Laval nozzle, also due to the side peeling off of the main stream or the depleted cellulose concentration at this point can be.

The thread diameter can be reduced further by increasing the temperature of the solution before it exits the spinning bore, but the temperature is limited here because the solution decomposes, so that the shortest possible dwell times under elevated temperature are selected by designing the melting spaces in the lower part of the spinneret. At a temperature there of 123 ° C instead of the previous 114 ° C, the proportion of individual threads with u _F> u _{Le increased} in one setting, more or less like No. 7 in Table 2.

The nozzle holes of this longitudinal nozzle (20 holes in a row) protruded 2 mm into the Laval nozzle in the direction of flow. There remains 3 mm of constricting distance to the narrowest cross section of the Laval nozzle. Thus there was a narrowing gap on both sides of the thread sheet. This creates a steadily accelerated gas flow over a very short distance from the inflow to the narrowest cross section of the Laval nozzle. Laminar flow prevails in the area of thread formation after it emerges from the spinning bore. Even with small disturbances such a strong constriction and thus flow acceleration causes a relaminarization as is known in jet flows, with the effect that the thread, slowly emerging from the spinning bore, decelerates under a steadily increasing gas (air) flow u _L - is and also constantly increases in speed u _F. Fluctuating flow impulses of a turbulent nature would interfere with this process and, as with other methods which have become known, there would be separation of the dope thread (for example from a Lyocell solution) and the threads would no longer be essentially endless. The deformation to run lengths of a few mm in the method according to the invention also takes place at high shear stresses that increase up to the narrowest cross section - a reason for essentially tear-free thread formation, because the speed u _L (x) has its maximum = narrowest cross section Laval nozzle below, not next to the mass exit.

By setting certain values for the throughput of the spinning mass, its temperature and the air speed in the flat gap in the case of longitudinal nozzles or in the annular gap in the case of round nozzles, the diameter of the essentially endless threads can be controlled, as examples 1 and 2 show. The throughput per spinning hole is, as in all the cases mentioned, higher than with the meltblown process for Lyocell that has become known. The reason is the high shear stresses due to the strongly accelerated flow, namely a start-up flow, with very thin boundary layers on the thread.

Example 3

In a spinning device similar to that shown in FIG. 1, a polypropylene melt with a temperature of 355 ° C. was spun out of a slot 0.9 mm wide and 20 mm long from a spinneret ending at the bottom as a web. Air was used as the drawing gas for the film. With a throughput of 11.5 g / min and an air pressure of room temperature of 20 ° C and 250 mbar, there were threads with an average diameter of 5.2 μm with a

Scattering of s = 1.9 μm, corresponding to a coefficient of variation of CV = 37%. The thick knots in the fleece were not measured. The fleece produced is shown in FIG. 3, which shows the photo of a microscopic picture of the PP splice threads according to Example 2. 4 shows, for comparison, polypropylene splice threads which were spun out from a round spinning bore with a diameter of 1 mm at a throughput of 3.6 g / min per bore under otherwise identical conditions. The threads in Fig. 4 had an average diameter of 8.6 mm, their coefficient of variation was 48%.

The present description of the method according to the invention and its devices can also be applied to other solvent-spun thread polymers, for example also to conventional viscose or rayon threads and their further processing to nonwovens or yarns. In addition to the above-mentioned peculiarities of spinning security, it should also be emphasized that the device is simple, the energy consumption is much lower compared to the meltblown process and surprisingly large diameters can be used for spinning bores and slots due to the high warpage due to the thrust forces at speed up to the speed of sound and also above it by means of its generation in a Laval nozzle. This means that impurities in the spinning mass are no longer so critical with regard to thread breaks. In the case of lyocell threads, higher proportions of hemicellulose can be processed into threads, and the degree of polymerization of cellulose (DP) can also be lower, which means that the raw materials are generally cheaper because there are no high tensile forces on the lyocell threads as they are formed than fine threads be exercised from the solvent. The fact that basically only cold air or air with waste heat from the air atomization is used contributes greatly to the energy saving of the process with Lyocell, but especially with solution polymers to be spun at higher temperatures.

Claims

C5 TJ 1

1 d 1 1 rd 1 1 1 1 1 CQ

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---, d P P P 1 Φ Φ -H Di Φ DJ 0 --- g CQ -> - or rd CQ S

Ü φ: 0 O • H φ Φ -μ g N TJ P. TJ 0 J co -μ 0 cn φ Hl Φ 0

H -H CQ -P 0 5 d Ά Φ -μ d fl X d rd rd iH cn TJ \ U rH CQ rd rd -H rP d J υ Φ P co φ 0 co P TJ α. -P cd dd Φ Cn o tn φ ^• μ PP X. Φ Φ -H CQ H -μ P 0 P ddg Φ φ ^• H £ d Φ φ 0 φ d & Λ o rH rP Φ N Φ 0

Φ d PO do 40 0 φ r TJ TJ -H ^• H g rd φ d TJ O d Φ CQ d H Φ "- J Di tn rd N Φ Φ iH go vH Φ Φ O CQ

Φ -H TJ cd o φ 4J T rH ^• H CQ TJ P EH d rP Di d

-s P. O g P. -POP -μ r TJ 4J φ P Φ d φ φ Φ rd Φ φ fl d co 4-> -μ rP ü d -P> Φ Φ r -μ 4-> X. Öi Hl 0.TJ gdd Φ -μ 4-1 S- d P -H -μ CM J 4-1 O P. ω υ Φ CQ rd

-μ P Φ -H 0 g -H φ 0 Jδ P do D: 0 o: θ: 0 DP rd E-, φ -d P. O Φ d TJ TJ r 4-> P Φ d P rH P Φ gddo co 0 .d Λ. Φ rd υ CQ • Φ TJ P -μ Ά Φ Φ P. -μ P d d

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-P -μ tn 0 J N P «-, C5 -μ rd rP rt! -. C-. d

Oil o Φ TJ d J d P φ vH co rH d P CQ S <-3 J o Φ d 0 -d 0 -μ φ Ti P φ Ö Φ Φ P P rd -μ P cd d 4-1

0 fti -P g P d &> • rd Φ TJ d, d TJ P. X. φ TJ X Φ -ü 0 P Φ

CM rH d Φ! Φ • d Ä 4-1 α TS 0 o g 0 J o S Φ P rH d> 1 J o TJ υ φ ü CQ 0 rP P 0 φ Φ m .- d oil TJ 4J

Φ φ CQ -P rd og -H -HP g rH r P ^• μ J 0 g 4-1 -H g 4-1 d CQ

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Λ φ CO d o rd g g, d S d P. -d Φ .d Φ & rd φ d Φ 0

O P d Ö> P d r CD -H cd o 0 co ü fc-. Ö Öi υ N ü N d P

: 0 3 • H rH d Φ o H CQ rd 4-> g d rd d - rd d -H & g ---.

P N φ O 0 d P- m Φ Cn d rd Öi P d Φ D 0 d d rH d d 0. Φ O

P- m α. P -μ co 0 4J dd TJ d Φ d oil. Φ φ Φ o EH rP O d P. Φ φ rd Ö- 0 Φ d 0 TJ dx Φ 0 dd, -, 4-1 d - *! dd φ dd co Di -H g Ä Φ CQ g φ υ g φ Φ Φ Φ 4J Φ Φ P Φ d rθ P Φ Φ P o σ- φ d: 0 ü P rd: 0 CQ P ^• μ: 0 N CO P oil -HP Di φ -H -μ

4- ⁾ rd o -P JD d 0 o 0 P -μ TJ P 0, d Φ PP -μ Λ g rd T. JP, d cd OQ Φ rd: 0 Φ 4J H rd 4-> rd rd NJ E- , Φ rd -d O rd x \ co

Φ Ή rH: 0 d 4-> J rH CO 4-1 m -. (Ω md CQ £ m υ Di ^■ m ü φ φ

-P P TJ H φ CQ P H .--. CQ d P 4-1 O Φ P d CQ P m P P J P P -μ CQ P r φ d Φ - Φ Φ rd ü d Φ Φ Φ rd CQ Φ Φ d Φ 0 Φ 0 0 CO φ 0 P: 0 φ

--U> Φ Ö- o TJ TJ!> CO CD co> d O co> .--. C5 P d> S CQ -μ> TJ 4J Ti TJ o o

IΛ CN 00 ^• -l * uo oo O

LO O -no rH CM CM

the pressures in front of and behind the Laval nozzle are controlled so that the thread reaches in front of it which is greater than the gas pressure surrounding it, in such a way that the thread bursts and splits into a large number of fine threads.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the space behind the Laval nozzle has ambient pressure or is slightly above ambient pressure during further processing of the threads at a pressure necessary for further processing.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ratio of the pressures in the space above and below the Laval nozzle when using air depending on the polymer, the flow rate and temperature is chosen between 1.02 and 3.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spinning mass in the area of the exit point and / or from the

Spinning bore exiting thread is heated.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of threads are spun out and optionally spliced, which are deposited to form a nonwoven or further processed into yarns.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pressure conditions in front of and behind the Laval nozzle are set so that the gas flow in the Laval nozzle reaches speeds up to the speed of sound and above. 1 1 1 1 1 d I cd: 0 1 rd Öi φ Φ φ d 1 Φ X, Di 1 P

TJ rH P TJ X, d ^• μ ra xi -μ Di Φ d H TJ • ü d Di Φ Φ 1

_^ Φ 4-1 φ ü 0 rH 0 4-1 TJ Di d CQ Φ rd: rd d -H 0 d Di d TJ 4H

- ra oil 5 ^• HP> rö ddd H 1 tn h CD sV 1 4-1 ω 0 0 α. o O Φ rH Φ Φ g rd o Φ Φ o rd TJ N Φ -μ 4-> r TJ cd ω vH H rH 4- ⁾ rH P 0 gd co φ rH P. 4J DN t-4 d P d Di Φ -μ Ü o: rd P

H 0 Φ P Φ Φ φ Φ TJ 4-1 P o Φ dg rP Φ 0 P fc. 0 P u CQ rH Di x: CQ X, J d J d P Φ ^• μ Φ φ P t> S- Φ JD P rP P 0 4-i 0 α. • μ H X.: 0 -H Di O -μ: rd Φ -μ Φ Di g Ä t> Φ .--. rd P TS J Φ rö 4-> rP Φ rd 4H rP 0 Φ fa P Φ d co o TJ H 4-1 Φ φ P rd co rd -μ P rd

C Φ N P Φ .P • μ 0 X-l X- φ Xi D Di CQ Φ P D TJ TJ Φ P rH d Di rH P 0 d d g φ rd υ g m rd Φ: 0 Φ d P. Φ

P Φ Φ N ^• μ Φ -. P m: 0 0 N rH X, JP> 0 • g

Φ φ d TJ Φ &

> d rH CQ CQ Φ 0 0 P rd rH Φ o rH Φ P rP "-3 ¹ : -. Φ g

Λ d M rd Xi m P -μ O tn 0 co TS rd 4-> Φ Di P rd 4-1 Φ φ rH N 4-J Φ υ -H ü rP U da Φ φ Pt d rd: 0 CQ 4- 1 -μ X! 0 t> -μ 4-> Di -P co EH

: 0 Φ O H: 0 Φ g TJ m 0 Ti g φ CQ 4-i> rd TJ rd Φ -H g P Di

P P rH P TJ rd d d P co d rH co rd -μ rd -S Φ 13 Φ s d Φ

(-. CQ -H: rti P. TJ rd d Φ P. g d -μ: 0 o P φ CQ TJ ts- T H 0 4-1

0 fo CO d P dor rH -μ 0-, TJ A-> d Φ P -μ P o ^• H rP Di d rd gd -H φ -μ t> o P -μ P. H φ CQ -μ -H Φ Φ φ φ h Φ d rt! -H d rt! co Φ -μ D r _* . CO φ rd 4-1 0 Φ H 00 TJ P -μ -P 00 tn -μ e2 -μ cG CQ 4-> DH d t>D> rH TJ: 0 rH dg TS

P rd d Φ P rd rd -μ d co dod Φ rd -μ d PP Φ 0> φ n Φ J φ φ TJ ES g 0: 0 φ Φ Φ d Hl dg -μ g X, Φ Φ P CQ rd TJ rP

CM S TJ rd J H rH r d Di d 0 rd Φ o 4-1 TJ: 0 cd υ φ

-: rd o -. P d H ü -μ -μ od φ xl d 0 dom 5 0 Φ g P g 4-1 Pi P g 4-1 Φ Φ Φ o -μ Φ 4-1 P. Φ H g ü -μ P -μ 4-1 P -μ: 0 Λ

Φ Φ 0 Φ Φ S TJ 4-> 0 rH P co 4-> xi rH rd Φ P. X- 4-> g Φ P <TJ P 0 dd Φ TJ ddo: rd CO rd P g cd Φ M ü - μ d CQ CQ Φ co 4-1 m

-μ r d -μ X, fc. • P: 0 P N Di ü o fa rd 0 d -μ d M d q CQ 0

Φ ü φ TS Φ o P TJ Φ φ 4-> o 4-1 CQ Φ φ TS N rt. 0 Φ -μ Location! rd CQ CXI

-μ dd ^• H φ PP JE co rd E--. -μ 0 P rP P rd Φ 0 TJ rd rd φ d Φ X, Φ CQ Φ -μ co d rH rd 4J φ N Φ rd Ά 4H P x C5 P o NO cG ü N CQ TJ 5 P rd d Xt CQ 4J TS P -μ υ 0 m Q o _* -. φ rd d P. φ rd d rd 0 g P -μ ü P Φ -μ 0 TJ rd P rd 0 rd 4- ⁾ d P dd -μ dd rs D d N d Φ φ D Φ -μ M d Φ rd dd Φ Φ X. φ φ rH Φ d Φ d TJ Φ TJ Di: φ _* -. JM φ d TJ -μ d M Di X. d, -, d 0 co d -μ o Q dd D Ά P 4-1 d ü d Di d xi d

Φ Φ CO ü Φ Φ Φ TJ rd Φ ft o Φ TJ rd -μ O Φ X-l Φ Q 0 φ -μ Φ 0 φ CQ

P Öi 0 co P tn TJ d rH P co d rd 4-> d rH TJ δ TJ ü P rd PJSP -μ X! 0 • rd rd d X-: rd -μ rP -d Φ g 0 do -μ rd TJ TJ: rd d • X. Φ Φ cd d rd r rd rd -d CQ φ rd PX, d ü P -μ - - _* P rd co r--. Φ J rd N -μ Φ m ü Di. m υ D m φ υ d Φ J Φ 3- TJ Φ rP m _. Di 5 oil 4H d N Φ tn

P P d iJ d P P P P d P d CQ -μ P P d t P CQ 4H P -p d P + J φ P d P d -μ

Φ 0 0 d Φ Φ 0 Φ φ -μ Φ • μ -μ (P. 4J -μ -μ υ -μ: 0 0 Φ Φ 0 Φ o -H Φ Φ Φ -μ Φ

> TJ co 0 TJ> TJ J TJ Φ> Φ J co CQ 3 = Φ co £ TJ rd> d rP TJ d H>> φ o o rH CM 00 • -.r un

IΛ rH rH rH rH rH

m and O LO O rH CM CM m

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the ratio of the pressures in the space above and below the Laval nozzle when using air depending on the polymer, its throughput and temperature between

1.02 and 3 is selected.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the spinning mass is heated in the region of the exit point and / or the film emerging from the spinning slot.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the spinning mass is cellulose dissolved in solvents such as amine oxide.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the pressure conditions in front of and behind the Laval nozzle are set so that the gas flow in the Laval nozzle reaches speeds up to the speed of sound and above.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that threads spun out of a cellulose solution are deposited in drying and then passed through a precipitation bath.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that water or steam is blown into the warping region of the threads to control the binding of the threads together in a nonwoven.

22. Apparatus for producing essentially endless fine threads from solution-spinnable po oo π o cπ o cπ

l → tfl P <! H 3 μ ιP <! Holy <! α 0- ω Φ fl ω Cfl i fl M <0 ^* cn ω tr "3 Cfl Cfl 3 M

SD TJ P ⁾ O μ- μ- Φ Φ o μ- PJ d: φ TJ μ- rt TJ TJ d: "; O: o SD μ- Φ TJ O: μ- TJ TJ μ- ^

<l μ- P. μ Φ 0 μ-? r H 0 μ ^j ω μ μ- 0 μ μ- μ- tr 0 CO μ μ- Ω μ μ- cn 0 μ- μ- rt 3

SD 0 d μ μ Ω Φ μ C P- Φ 0 Φ Φ 0 0 μ rt d μ & - 0 d s--. 0 0 Φ

0 μ μ- SD Φ tr 0 μ- Φ 0: Cfl 0 Ω 0 0 0 ^* 0 μ- Cfl 0 0 Φ 0 D φ μ

Q. 3 Ω Ω 0 co 0 Ω rt o TJ? α? ro φ -P Ω Q. α TJ? -P fl - § μ- Φ d: SD tr 0 ^* o rt N tr Φ 3 μ- o lr "rt d = o μ rt co 0 ^* φ Φ μ- o CQ rt o SD 0 0 OQ rt μ Φ Φ Φ r + o 0 TJ O: Φ CQ TJ μ μ- CQ rt Cfl μ 0 S μ> Φ TJ CQ Φ φ CQ ιp d P- 0 μ μ- dd tr i co Φ Hi μ- co TJ d 0 μi SD 0 μi CQ 3 0 φ Φ 0 0 co Ω 0 0 Φ α Φ d Cfl 0 Ω Ω μ- 0 fl Φ Φ α Cfl Φ (D

IV 0 -v U-5 d 3 tr ιp rt μ- d: co 0 Ω P> 0 ^{^} tr 0 ιp TJ 0 d cn Φ SD 3 r +

PJ Φ 0 Φ μ- 0 Φ CQ IQ tr 0 Φ rt Φ 0 μ- L ω 0 φ d <1 μ- d:

Cπ d 0 0 sΩ. μ- 0 Φ 0 μ cn Φ μ- Cfl - o μ- d 0 tr N 0 c φ μ- μ- μ> Φ rt μ co 0 P- 0 α rt SD 0 ^J μ- 0 i μ- μ 0 0 P ⁾ d 0 rt 0 SD 0 ιp μ M rt N Ω μ- Φ Φ • _^ Ω P ⁾ Ω P- μ- rt P- Φ -PG μ μ 3 Φ P ⁾ d Φ Φ tr φ μ- μ Φ tr CQ 0 fl t 0- 0 Hl H ¹ N 0 μ μ Φ SD 0 μi fl 0 d μ- Ω

³ μ- μ- o rt Q. tr iP Φ 3 P ⁾ di CQ tn O lO U-. Φ Cfl Cfl o 0 0 0- μ- rt Ω Φ Cfl Φ PJ Φ co μ 0 μ- d: TJ Φ CO d φ Cfl TJ TJ P! --- Φ Φ

Cfl rt tr μ- μ- J 0 &> α Φ O rt PJ r + ιp μ μ ^f ϋ μ φ φ O rt μ- μ- 3 φ μ 0

(H- 0 0 φ μ- co co Φ μ μ Φ d μ- do co 0 μ μ Φ 0 0 Φ 0 d Φ Φ μ 0 s--. TS co P μ Cfl ιp a P- 0 H ¹ rt SD co α μ 0 0 0 φ tsi o

0 rt 3 rt φ μ- μ φ 0 Cfl Φ P. Φ μ- ιp - ^ Φ d Ω 0 rt tr Φ 0 d α

Q. "Cfl μ- Φ d Cfl φ ιp TJ μ- 3 Φ co co tr Φ ιp ^« o 0 μ> Φ α μ- Ω 0 Ω TJ IQ rt Φ μ- fl Φ φ H ¹ rt rt Φ 0 ^* Cfl d = μ φ! --- Φ Cfl tT φ ω 0 'μ- fl Φ O 0 TJ Cfl Cfl 3 μ d μ μ- Φ o Φ μ Cfl TJ tr

0 SD μ rt H 0 TJ 0 rt 3 0 μ- 3 TJ TJ μ- Φ 0 μ- rt 3 μ- d J μ- μ o ιp - μ- μ- rv> a Φ Φ rt 0 μ- μ- μ - rt 0 ιP rt rt μ φ 0 0 μ- 0 <! <<

Cfl d rt Cfl 0 o 3 P> rt 0 0 0 rt d rt Φ ιQ 0 0 o rt S-l- 0 0 N TJ 0 P- 0 μ α 0 Φ 0 <1 o 0 H μ 0, * r μ rt

Φ φ o Φ μ- SD O Cfl d -P μ- Φ d = Φ 3 μ- Pi O Φ α μ- SD Q. o μ tr

3 μ TJ \ Cfl 0 0 co φ ι co μ- cn co o Si 0 rt 0 tr μ Φ fl dd: TJ μ- φ μ o 0 o Φ φ μ φ Ω 0 Φ rt TJ Cfl Φ d = Φ Ω 0 μi Cfl lh Ω rt

O s 0: α α tr μ μ 0 Cfl o tr Φ Φ μi Cfl 3 μ i Hi tr "tr ¹ 0 ^" rt s: Φ «0" μ- d Ω Φ do P- 0- Ω rt Φ μ P ⁾ 0 φ H Φ μ- SD SD Φ Φ φ 0 rt Cfl

Φ Cfl 0 "μ μ 0" 0 N- d 0- μ μ d Cfl J 3 H- μ- 0 <1 <! μ μ μ- SD Φ d Ω μ rt φ Ω μ d H ¹ CQ 0 Φ d Hi d <! μ- Ω 0 SD SD 0 ^{^} Cfl 0 μ- 0 tr o P- tr tr d 0 * rt μ- Ω N 0 s! Φ Hl φ r + 0 'Φ Φ HHN SD rt o 0 sQ φ

Ω 0 r Φ 0 ^ P μ rt? T d rt Φ μ- cp μ Φ 0 rt α Q. d M μ Φ 0

0 "α rv> tr Φ ιp μ- rt rt O Φ μ- 0 Φ tr φ 0 • d: d: o tr μ l-

0 Φ μ- μ- SD rt Φ μ μ C0 Φ 0 d μ- ^ Cfl cn μ P. 0 d: α μ- N tr μ- tr 3 rt α - rt o 0 0 O SD: φ Φ P- S -. μ- d μ- μ μ rt s; μ- N Φ N d co Φ tr "0 S- ⁾ _^ M p α Φ P- &. _^ φ φ d 0 co rt μ- o rt s: Cd μ μ P ⁾ d M PJ 3 Φ μ φ Φ dd Cfl ιp TS

CΛ H. (b Ω tr! 0 & α (D μ 0 0 $. 0 φ μ- μ p. Ω f μ- ω 1 0 "Φ tr ¹ P ⁾ ι μ- ιP 0 Φ N rt O ιp μ- Φ Φ d

Φ tr • «j .-- co o P- 1 SD r-> α Φ U-. Φ 0 d SD Φ tr 0 P. 3 0 μ Φ rt 1 Φ 1 1 Φ φ 0 1 d μ Φ N Φ μ- ιp 0 CQ d cn 1 Cfl 1 μ- d 0 Φ co

26. Device according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that a laying tape is provided for storing the threads and forming a fleece.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the depositing tape at least partially protrudes into a water bath or is sprayed with water.