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EP0961096B1 - Muzzle brake on a gun barrel, in particular a gun mounted on an aircraft - Google Patents

Muzzle brake on a gun barrel, in particular a gun mounted on an aircraft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0961096B1
EP0961096B1 EP99110205A EP99110205A EP0961096B1 EP 0961096 B1 EP0961096 B1 EP 0961096B1 EP 99110205 A EP99110205 A EP 99110205A EP 99110205 A EP99110205 A EP 99110205A EP 0961096 B1 EP0961096 B1 EP 0961096B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottle
space
opening
tube
muzzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99110205A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0961096A3 (en
EP0961096A2 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Gehse
Gerhard Wedekind
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP0961096A2 publication Critical patent/EP0961096A2/en
Publication of EP0961096A3 publication Critical patent/EP0961096A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0961096B1 publication Critical patent/EP0961096B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/32Muzzle attachments or glands
    • F41A21/36Muzzle attachments or glands for recoil reduction ; Stabilisators; Compensators, e.g. for muzzle climb prevention

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device on the barrel of a barrel weapon, in particular on a cannon of an aircraft, containing one on the muzzle side End of the pipe run by means of holding means arranged cladding tube that the recording serves a shock wave at the mouth of the pipe run, the cladding tube has rear opening and subsequently has a front opening in the weft direction, through which a shot projectile leaves the cladding tube.
  • the cannon barrel is surrounded by a bottle in its end region, so that there is a space between the cannon barrel and the bottle.
  • the bottle At its front end, the bottle has a muzzle brake of known design with an opening for passing through the projectile that has been fired and means (blades) for deflecting the shot gases against the shot direction.
  • the rear end of the bottle At the rear end of the bottle there is another opening for discharging the shot gases.
  • only part of the shock wave is detected. The size of the detected part of the shock wave depends on the dimensioning of the muzzle brake. This proportion is extremely limited by the relatively narrow passage openings.
  • the detected part of the shock wave is deflected into the bottle by deflecting means, ie directed into the rear space of the bottle against the direction of the shot and escapes there after only one pass through the rear opening of the bottle.
  • a significant proportion of the shock wave leaves the gun barrel through the front muzzle and continues to cause undesirable dynamic loads on the structure of the aircraft.
  • the object of the invention is, preferably in aircraft, to significantly reduce the shock wave loading and the weapon recoil force of the tube weapon compared to the structure or the equipment of the aircraft.
  • the object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the bottle space enclosed by the bottle is essentially arranged downstream of the mouth of the pipe run.
  • the bottle is placed on the mouth of the pipe run in the shot direction with its rear opening.
  • the rear opening and front opening of the bottle thus lie in the weft direction, ie on the weft axis.
  • a holding means which encompasses the pipe run, carries the bottle and positively positions the rear opening of the bottle at the mouth of the pipe run.
  • the loads that result from the shock reflection at the front end of the bottle are transmitted to the bottle holder via the wall of the bottle and not via internal webs, as in the case of the muzzle brake according to DE 39 40 807 A1. This enables maximum expansion of the main joint from the pipe mouth.
  • the bottle With its front opening, the bottle carries a butt splitter tube which is also positioned in the weft direction and which projects into the bottle space with its inner opening. Internal opening means that this opening of the butt splitter tube is arranged within the bottle space. With its inner opening, the butt splitter tube divides the bottle space into two rooms (chambers), an expansion space that is arranged between the inner opening of the butt splitter tube and the mouth of the pipe run, and a sack space that corresponds to a subsequent space corresponding to the length of the butt splitter tube in the bottle space.
  • the free passage into the expansion space has the advantage that the gas (shock wave) emerging from the pipe run can expand explosively into a relatively large space (the expansion space). There is no obstruction due to narrow inflow slots or immediate forced deflection by deflecting means.
  • the expansion space could also extend slightly beyond the mouth of the pipe run in the opposite direction of the shot in order to be able to influence the time of a second reflection.
  • the gas expands further into the sack space, separated from the smallest possible proportion of the gas which exits directly through the inner opening of the butt splitter tube.
  • the bag space has a relatively large entry opening.
  • the shape of the bag space can certainly be slimmer towards the front, whereby its effective length is shortened somewhat (the incoming impact is focused), but the effectiveness would hardly be impaired.
  • the opening of the butt splitter tube should be as small as possible, so that freedom of movement for the floor is guaranteed.
  • Freedom of movement means that the projectile can just pass the butt splitter tube without jamming between the projectile and butt splitter tube. This influences the strength of the first impact at the outer opening (opening located outside the bottle space) of the impact divider tube and thus reduces stress on the structure of the aircraft. If necessary, the diameter of the butt splitter tube could widen in the direction of the outer opening in order to allow freedom of movement for a swinging projectile.
  • both the weapon recoil and the Shock wave is significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
  • the impulse when the shock wave is reflected at the end of the bag space one causes the Recoil of the projectile opposing force, the greater the better parts of the main joint can be diverted from the pipe mouth into the sack space.
  • the recoil "smears" itself towards a more even load rather than a shock, which is the sound exposure significantly reduced to the structure of the aircraft.
  • the diameter and depth of the expansion space have an influence on the position of a focus area, which results after the reflected first impact on the wall of the expansion space.
  • the position of this focus area is optimal if it lies on or in the direction of the shot downstream of the inner opening of the butt splitter tube.
  • the diameter and in particular the length of the bag space determine the point in time at which the shock wave reflected in this space again reaches the inner opening of the bumper divider tube.
  • the diameter of the bottle is usually limited by the aircraft structure.
  • both the diameter and the depth of the expansion space are determined by the structure of the aircraft, in a further embodiment of the invention there is the possibility of making the length of the butt splitter tube protruding into the bottle so that the fixed focus is positioned on the wall of the butt splitter tube.
  • the diameter of the inner opening corresponds precisely to the freedom of movement of a projectile.
  • the included from the bottle 4 bottle space is arranged downstream of the mouth of H 2 of a tubular barrel 1 in the weft direction S R substantially.
  • This bottle space H enables the energy of the gas from the pipe run 1, which is produced when a projectile is fired, to be stored temporarily. By temporarily storing the energy of the gas, it cannot be released suddenly.
  • the bottle 4 has a rear opening 4.2 and a front opening 4.1.
  • the bottle 4 is positively placed with the rear opening 4.2 of the mouth 2 of the pipe run 1.
  • a holding means 3, which includes the pipe run 1 at the mouth, carries the bottle 4.
  • the front opening 4.1 of the bottle 4 has a butt splitter tube 5 positioned in the weft direction S R by means of the carrier 7.
  • the butt splitter tube 5 projects with its inner opening 5.1 into the bottle space H.
  • the outer opening 5.2 of the butt splitter tube also forms the mouth of the bottle 4.
  • the inner opening 5.1 of the butt splitter tube 5 divides the bottle space H into two spaces (2 chambers), the expansion space A. and the bag room B.
  • the expansion room A is characterized by the diameter d and the depth T.
  • the bag room is a so-called "dead" room that has no exit.
  • the bag space B extends from the expansion space to the front wall of the bottle 4.
  • the front wall of the bottle 4 can also be designed as a deflection means 6.
  • the gas emerging from the pipe run 1 can expand explosively.
  • the gas continues to expand, separated from the portion of the gas which emerges directly through the butt splitter tube 5.
  • the butt splitter tube 5 should have the smallest possible diameter, which just guarantees freedom of movement for the projectile. If necessary, the butt splitter tube can widen in the direction of the outer opening to allow freedom of movement for a swinging projectile. As can be seen in FIG. 2a , this impact can expand into the bag space B in its "natural" running direction (corresponds to the weft direction) with the largest possible "entry opening". Only a small part of the first impact is released to the environment through the impact divider tube 5.
  • the impact speed in the bottle space H can be in the range from 500 to 1000 m / s.
  • the time to build up the impact maximum in front of the outer opening 5.2 of the impact divider tube 5 in the area of the aircraft structure is approximately 0.5 ms.
  • An average surge pressure ratio ⁇ 50 at the mouth 2 of the pipe run 1 is assumed. Under these boundary conditions, for example, the impact caused by the gas emerging from the mouth 2 reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5 after 0.1 ms.
  • the impact has strong expansion areas on the side ("effective" angle of the outflow cone ⁇ 30 to 45 degrees), so that a noticeable impact reflection occurs first in the area A 'in FIG. 2 on the wall of the expansion space A.
  • This reflected impact first reaches the area of the shot axis in the focus area F, which is located at or downstream of the inner opening 5.1 of the impact splitter tube 5 and thus determines the depth (T) of the expansion space A.
  • the floor should be in the area of the inner opening 5.1 at this time.
  • the impact in bag space B reaches its front wall and is reflected. In the meantime the time reaches about 0.3 ms.
  • the gas between the front wall and the reflected impact is brought to a standstill and reaches very high pressures and temperatures.
  • the time for the back and forth movement of the impact in the bag space B should be such that the reflected impact reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5 long before the flow from the mouth 2 is fully developed, ie long before the otherwise usual maximum of the shock pulse.
  • This time should be, for example, 0.25 to 0.3 ms.
  • This time period determines the length of the bag room B. Accordingly, the length of the bag room B will be, for example, 0.1 to 0.2 m.
  • the projectile was still in the butt splitter tube 5.
  • the reflected impact in the bag space B reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5. The flow in the entire bag space B is brought to a standstill.
  • Impulse i 1 from FIG. 6 schematically shows the impact without a device at the mouth of the pipe run.
  • a relatively large maximum M of the impact is reached very quickly after a time t M , in order then to drop steeply in a rear flank R.
  • This process takes about 1 ms.
  • the pulse i 2 shock wave
  • the pulse i 2 shock wave to be registered at the outer opening 5.2 of the flow divider tube - as shown in FIG. 7 - is significantly reduced in its height and time-stretched, as the schematic representation further shows. This form of impulse does not converge again until a very great distance.
  • This strong reduction of the shock by means of the device according to the invention is essentially due to the fact that it was possible to use the reflected shock in order to influence the first shock that is still building up (rising edge of the pulse) in such a way that the maximum M cannot form , but is stalled and the pulse i 2 is delayed (smeared) in the direction of a longer but significantly lower pulse height.
  • the geometry of the bottle space helps to ensure that the flow is stalled before the end face of the joint can fully build up. This significantly reduces vibrations.
  • the invention can also be used with other known firearms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung am Rohrlauf einer Rohrwaffe, insbesondere an einer Kanone von einem Luftfahrzeug, enthaltend ein am mündungsseitigen Ende des Rohrlaufs mittels Haltemittel angeordnetes Hüllrohr, das der Aufnahme einer Schockwelle an der Mündung des Rohrlaufs dient, wobei das Hüllrohr eine hintere Öffnung hat und nachfolgend in Schußrichtung eine vordere Öffnung hat, durch die ein abgeschossenes Projektil das Hüllrohr verläßt.The invention relates to a device on the barrel of a barrel weapon, in particular on a cannon of an aircraft, containing one on the muzzle side End of the pipe run by means of holding means arranged cladding tube that the recording serves a shock wave at the mouth of the pipe run, the cladding tube has rear opening and subsequently has a front opening in the weft direction, through which a shot projectile leaves the cladding tube.

Beim Abschuß eines Projektils durch eine Kanone wird neben der Waffenrückstoßkraft an der Mündung des Rohrlaufs der Kanone eine Schockwelle frei, die einen gewaltigen Schalldruck erzeugt. Alle betroffenen Strukturen des Luftfahrzeuges bzw. dort angeordnete Ausrüstungen, wie beispielsweise eine Sensorik, werden dynamisch hoch beansprucht.
Um diese Auswirkungen der Schockwelle zu mindern, wurde nach dem Stand der Technik eine bekannte Mündungsbremse mit einem als "Schockwellenakkumulators" bezeichneten Hüllrohr kombiniert. Da in Fachkreisen dieses Hüllrohr auch als "Flasche" bzw. "Blastbottle" bezeichnet wird, wird im Sinne eines einheitlichen Terminus nachfolgend der Begriff der Flasche weitergeführt.
Die DE 39 40 807 A1 beschreibt eine solche Flasche als eine Schutzvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Wirkungen einer Schockwelle und der Rückstoßkraft beim Schuß einer Kanone, die insbesondere bei Luftfahrzeugen installiert ist.
When a projectile is fired by a cannon, a shock wave is released in addition to the weapon recoil force at the mouth of the barrel of the cannon, which generates an enormous sound pressure. All affected structures of the aircraft or equipment located there, such as a sensor system, are subject to high dynamic loads.
In order to reduce these effects of the shock wave, a known muzzle brake was combined with a cladding tube referred to as a "shock wave accumulator" according to the prior art. Since this cladding tube is also referred to as "bottle" or "blast bottle" in specialist circles, the term bottle is continued below in the sense of a uniform term.
DE 39 40 807 A1 describes such a bottle as a protective device for reducing the effects of a shock wave and the recoil force when firing a cannon, which is installed in particular in aircraft.

Die dortige Lösung geht davon aus, daß das Kanonenrohr in seinem Endbereich von einer Flasche umgeben ist, so daß zwischen Kanonenrohr und Flasche ein Zwischenraum besteht. Die Flasche hat an ihrem vorderen Ende eine Mündungsbremse bekannter Bauart mit einer Öffnung zum Passieren des abgeschossenen Projektils und Mittel (Schaufeln) zur Umlenkung der Schußgase entgegen der Schußrichtung. Am hinteren Ende der Flasche ist eine weitere Öffnung zum Ableiten der Schußgase angeordnet. Bei der beschriebenen Schutzvorrichtung wird nur ein Teil der Schockwelle erfaßt. Die Größe des erfaßten Anteils der Schockwelle ist abhängig von der Dimensionierung der Mündungsbremse. Dieser Anteil wird extrem stark beschränkt durch die relativ engen Durchtrittsöffnungen. Durch Umlenkmittel wird der erfaßte Teil der Schockwelle in die Flasche umgelenkt, d. h. entgegen der Schußrichtung in den hinteren Raum der Flasche geleitet und entweicht dort nach lediglich einem Durchlauf durch die hintere Öffnung der Flasche. Ein beachtlicher Anteil der Schockwelle verläßt das Kanonenrohr durch die vordere Mündung und verursacht weiterhin unerwünschte dynamische Belastungen an der Struktur des Luftfahrzeugs.
Mit der beschriebenen Lösung wird zwar eine beabsichtigte Wirkung erzielt, jedoch läßt sich die Effektivität der Schutzvorrichtung erheblich verbessern.
Die möglichen Dämpfungseffekte werden nicht optimal ausgenutzt.
The solution there assumes that the cannon barrel is surrounded by a bottle in its end region, so that there is a space between the cannon barrel and the bottle. At its front end, the bottle has a muzzle brake of known design with an opening for passing through the projectile that has been fired and means (blades) for deflecting the shot gases against the shot direction. At the rear end of the bottle there is another opening for discharging the shot gases. In the protective device described, only part of the shock wave is detected. The size of the detected part of the shock wave depends on the dimensioning of the muzzle brake. This proportion is extremely limited by the relatively narrow passage openings. The detected part of the shock wave is deflected into the bottle by deflecting means, ie directed into the rear space of the bottle against the direction of the shot and escapes there after only one pass through the rear opening of the bottle. A significant proportion of the shock wave leaves the gun barrel through the front muzzle and continues to cause undesirable dynamic loads on the structure of the aircraft.
Although the solution described achieves an intended effect, the effectiveness of the protective device can be considerably improved.
The possible damping effects are not optimally used.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, vorzugsweise bei Luftfahrzeugen die Schockwellenbelastung als auch die Waffenrückstoßkraft der Rohrwaffe gegenüber der Struktur oder der Ausrüstung des Luftfahrzeuges erheblich zu reduzieren.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst entsprechend den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.
The object of the invention is, preferably in aircraft, to significantly reduce the shock wave loading and the weapon recoil force of the tube weapon compared to the structure or the equipment of the aircraft.
The object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Der von der Flasche umfaßte Flaschenraum ist in Schußrichtung der Mündung des Rohrlaufs im wesentlichen nachgeordnet.
Die Flasche ist der Mündung des Rohrlaufs in Schußrichtung mit ihrer hinteren Öffnung aufgesetzt. Somit liegen hintere Öffnung und vordere Öffnung der Flasche in Schußrichtung, d. h. auf der Schußachse. Ein Haltemittel, welches den Rohrlauf umfaßt, trägt die Flasche und positioniert die hintere Öffnung der Flasche formschlüssig an der Mündung des Rohrlaufs. Die Lasten, die sich bei der Stoßreflexion am vorderen Ende der Flasche ergeben, werden über die Wandung der Flasche auf die Flaschenhalterung übertragen und nicht über innere Stege, wie im Fall der Mündungsbremse nach DE 39 40 807 A1. Dadurch wird eine maximale Expansion des Hauptstoßes aus der Rohrmündung ermöglicht.
Die Flasche trägt mit ihrer vorderen Öffnung ein ebenfalls in Schußrichtung positioniertes Stoßteilerrohr, welches mit seiner innenliegenden Öffnung in den Flaschenraum ragt. Innenliegende Öffnung heißt, daß diese Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres innerhalb des Flaschenraumes angeordnet ist. Das Stoßteilerrohr teilt mit seiner innenliegenden Öffnung den Flaschenraum in zwei Räume (Kammern), einen Expansionsraum, der zwischen innenliegender Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohrs und Mündung des Rohrlaufs angeordnet ist und einen Sackraum, der einem nachfolgenden Raum entsprechend der im Flaschenraum vorhandenen Länge des Stoßteilerrohrs entspricht.
Der freie Durchtritt in den Expansionsraum hat den Vorteil, daß das aus dem Rohrlauf austretende Gas (Schockwelle) sofort explosionsartig in einen relativ großen Raum (den Expansionsraum) expandieren kann. Dabei erfolgt keine Behinderung durch enge Einströmschlitze oder sofortige Zwangsumlenkung durch Umlenkmittel. Der Expansionsraum könnte sich auch über die Mündung des Rohrlaufs hinaus entgegen der Schußrichtung geringfügig nach hinten erstrecken, um den Zeitpunkt einer zweiten Reflexion beeinflussen zu können.
The bottle space enclosed by the bottle is essentially arranged downstream of the mouth of the pipe run.
The bottle is placed on the mouth of the pipe run in the shot direction with its rear opening. The rear opening and front opening of the bottle thus lie in the weft direction, ie on the weft axis. A holding means, which encompasses the pipe run, carries the bottle and positively positions the rear opening of the bottle at the mouth of the pipe run. The loads that result from the shock reflection at the front end of the bottle are transmitted to the bottle holder via the wall of the bottle and not via internal webs, as in the case of the muzzle brake according to DE 39 40 807 A1. This enables maximum expansion of the main joint from the pipe mouth.
With its front opening, the bottle carries a butt splitter tube which is also positioned in the weft direction and which projects into the bottle space with its inner opening. Internal opening means that this opening of the butt splitter tube is arranged within the bottle space. With its inner opening, the butt splitter tube divides the bottle space into two rooms (chambers), an expansion space that is arranged between the inner opening of the butt splitter tube and the mouth of the pipe run, and a sack space that corresponds to a subsequent space corresponding to the length of the butt splitter tube in the bottle space.
The free passage into the expansion space has the advantage that the gas (shock wave) emerging from the pipe run can expand explosively into a relatively large space (the expansion space). There is no obstruction due to narrow inflow slots or immediate forced deflection by deflecting means. The expansion space could also extend slightly beyond the mouth of the pipe run in the opposite direction of the shot in order to be able to influence the time of a second reflection.

Der natürlichen Ausbreitungsrichtung folgend, expandiert das Gas weiter in den Sackraum, getrennt von dem möglichst geringen Anteil des Gases, welches durch die innere Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres direkt austritt. Der Sackraum hat eine relativ große Eintrittsöffnung. Die Form des Sackraumes kann durchaus nach vorn schlanker werdend ausgebildet sein, wodurch sich zwar seine effektive Länge etwas verkürzt (der einlaufende Stoß wird fokussiert), die Wirksamkeit aber kaum beeinträchtigt würde.
Mittels des in den Flaschenraum ragenden Stoßteilerrohrs wird ein kleiner Teil des ersten Stoßes abgeschnitten, noch bevor die an der Wand des Expansionsraumes reflektierten Stöße diesen Stoß verstärken. Die Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres sollte möglichst klein sein, so daß gerade die Freigängigkeit für das Geschoß gewährt ist. Freigängigkeit heißt, daß das Geschoß gerade das Stoßteilerrohr passieren kann ohne ein Klemmen zwischen Geschoß und Stoßteilerrohr. Somit wird Einfluß genommen auf die Stärke des ersten Stoßes an der äußeren Öffnung (außerhalb des Flaschenraumes liegende Öffnung) des Stoßteilerrohrs und damit eine Beanspruchung auf die Struktur des Luftfahrzeuges reduziert. Der Durchmesser des Stoßteilerrohrs könnte sich aber im Bedarfsfall in Richtung äußerer Öffnung aufweiten, um eine Freigängigkeit für ein pendelndes Geschoß zu ermöglichen.
Following the natural direction of propagation, the gas expands further into the sack space, separated from the smallest possible proportion of the gas which exits directly through the inner opening of the butt splitter tube. The bag space has a relatively large entry opening. The shape of the bag space can certainly be slimmer towards the front, whereby its effective length is shortened somewhat (the incoming impact is focused), but the effectiveness would hardly be impaired.
By means of the butt splitter tube protruding into the bottle space, a small part of the first butt is cut off before the impacts reflected on the wall of the expansion space reinforce this impact. The opening of the butt splitter tube should be as small as possible, so that freedom of movement for the floor is guaranteed. Freedom of movement means that the projectile can just pass the butt splitter tube without jamming between the projectile and butt splitter tube. This influences the strength of the first impact at the outer opening (opening located outside the bottle space) of the impact divider tube and thus reduces stress on the structure of the aircraft. If necessary, the diameter of the butt splitter tube could widen in the direction of the outer opening in order to allow freedom of movement for a swinging projectile.

Mit der Erfindung wird erreicht, daß sowohl die Waffenrückstoßkraft als auch die Schockwelle deutlich gegenüber dem Stand der Technik reduziert wird. Der Impuls bei Reflexion der Schockwelle am Ende des Sackraumes bewirkt eine dem Rückstoß des Geschosses entgegengesetzte Kraft, die um so größer ist, je besser es gelingt Teile des Hauptstoßes aus der Rohrmündung in den Sackraum umzuleiten. Weiterhin wird der Ausströmimpuls des Gases aus dem Flaschenraum auf einen wesentlichen größeren Zeitraum verteilt. Somit "verschmiert" sich der Rückstoß in Richtung einer gleichmäßigeren Last anstatt eines Stoßes, was die Schallbelastung auf die Struktur des Luftfahrzeuges erheblich reduziert.With the invention it is achieved that both the weapon recoil and the Shock wave is significantly reduced compared to the prior art. The impulse when the shock wave is reflected at the end of the bag space, one causes the Recoil of the projectile opposing force, the greater the better parts of the main joint can be diverted from the pipe mouth into the sack space. Furthermore, the outflow impulse of the gas from the bottle space onto one distributed much larger period. The recoil "smears" itself towards a more even load rather than a shock, which is the sound exposure significantly reduced to the structure of the aircraft.

Zwischen dem in den Flaschenraum hineinragenden Ende des Stoßteilerrohres und der Mündung des Rohrlaufs verbleibt ein solcher Abstand, daß der an der Wand des Expansionsraumes reflektierte erste Stoß, noch bevor die reflektierte Welle die Schußachse erreichen würde, von der äußeren Oberfläche des Stoßteilerrohres in den Sackraum reflektiert wird.
Durchmesser und Tiefe des Expansionsraumes üben einen Einfluß aus auf die Lage eines Fokusbereiches, der sich ergibt nach dem reflektierten ersten Stoß an der Wand des Expansionsraumes. Dieser Fokusbereich ist in seiner Lage optimal, wenn er an oder in Schußrichtung stromab zur inneren Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres liegt.
Der Durchmesser und insbesondere die Länge des Sackraumes bestimmen den Zeitpunkt, an dem die in diesem Raum reflektierte Stoßwelle die innere Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres wieder erreicht. Dieses sollte noch vor dem Erreichen des Maximums des aus der Rohrmündung austretenden Hauptstoßes eintreten. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß der reflektierte Stoß ein ungehindertes Durchbrechen des Gases durch die innere Öffnung des Stoßteilerrohres beeinträchtigt, weil die Gase aus dem Sackraum, um aus dem Stoßteilerrohr austreten zu können, um 180 Grad umgelenkt werden müssen. Dies verursacht enorme Strömungsverluste.
There is such a distance between the end of the butt splitter tube projecting into the bottle space and the mouth of the tube run that the first impact reflected on the wall of the expansion space, even before the reflected wave would reach the firing axis, reflects into the sack space from the outer surface of the butt splitter tube becomes.
The diameter and depth of the expansion space have an influence on the position of a focus area, which results after the reflected first impact on the wall of the expansion space. The position of this focus area is optimal if it lies on or in the direction of the shot downstream of the inner opening of the butt splitter tube.
The diameter and in particular the length of the bag space determine the point in time at which the shock wave reflected in this space again reaches the inner opening of the bumper divider tube. This should occur before the maximum of the main impact emerging from the pipe mouth is reached. It is thereby achieved that the reflected impact impairs an unimpeded breakthrough of the gas through the inner opening of the impact divider tube, because the gases from the bag space, in order to be able to exit the impact divider tube, have to be deflected by 180 degrees. This causes enormous flow losses.

Der Durchmesser der Flasche ist meist durch die Flugzeugstruktur eingeschränkt. The diameter of the bottle is usually limited by the aircraft structure.

Sind sowohl Durchmesser als auch Tiefe des Expansionsraumes durch die Struktur des Luftfahrzeuges festgelegt, besteht in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, die in die Flasche ragende Länge des Stoßteilerrohres verstellbar zu machen, so daß der feststehende Fokus an der Wandung des Stoßteilerrohres positioniert ist.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Durchmesser der inneren Öffnung gerade der Freigängigkeit eines Geschoßes entsprechend.
If both the diameter and the depth of the expansion space are determined by the structure of the aircraft, in a further embodiment of the invention there is the possibility of making the length of the butt splitter tube protruding into the bottle so that the fixed focus is positioned on the wall of the butt splitter tube.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the diameter of the inner opening corresponds precisely to the freedom of movement of a projectile.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Einbeziehung der Zeichnungen dargestellt und näher beschrieben.
Es zeigen

Figur 1
schematischer Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung
Figur 2
schematischer Ablauf der Strömungsentwicklung zum Zeitpunkt des Eintretens des Stoßes in den Expansionsraum und Fokusierung
Figur 2a
Schnitt S-S an der Expansionskammer
Figur 3
Strömungsentwicklung beim Abschneiden eines Teilstoßes durch die Hülse und Einlauf in den Sackraum
Figur 4
Strömungsentwicklung nach Reflexion im Sackraum
Figur 5
Strömungsentwicklung in Fortsetzung von Figur 4
Figur 6
Schockwelle als Stoßimpuls
Figur 7
lmpulsverlauf der Schockwelle an der äußeren Öffnung der Hülse
The invention is illustrated and described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings.
Show it
Figure 1
schematic structure of the device according to the invention
Figure 2
schematic flow development at the time of the impact of the impact in the expansion space and focusing
Figure 2a
Section SS on the expansion chamber
Figure 3
Flow development when cutting a partial joint through the sleeve and entry into the bag space
Figure 4
Flow development after reflection in the bag room
Figure 5
Flow development continued from Figure 4
Figure 6
Shock wave as a shock pulse
Figure 7
Impulse course of the shock wave at the outer opening of the sleeve

Nach dem schematischen Aufbau der in Figur 1 gezeigten Einrichtung ist deutlich zu erkennen, daß der von der Flasche 4 umfaßte Flaschenraum H der Mündung 2 eines Rohrlaufs 1 in Schußrichtung SR im wesentlichen nachgeordnet ist. Dieser Flaschenraum H ermöglicht ein Zwischenspeichern der Energie des Gases aus dem Rohrlauf 1, welches beim Abschuß eines Geschoßes entsteht. Durch dieses Zwischenspeichern der Energie des Gases kann dieses sich nicht stoßartig freisetzen.
Die Flasche 4 hat eine hintere Öffnung 4.2 und eine vordere Öffnung 4.1. Die Flasche 4 ist mit der hinteren Öffnung 4.2 formschlüssig der Mündung 2 des Rohrlaufs 1 aufgesetzt. Ein Haltemittel 3, welches den Rohrlauf 1 an der Mündung umfaßt, trägt die Flasche 4. Die vordere Öffnung 4.1 der Flasche 4 hat mittels Träger 7 ein Stoßteilerrohr 5 in Schußrichtung SR positioniert. Das Stoßteilerrohr 5 ragt mit seiner inneren Öffnung 5.1 in den Flaschenraum H. Die äußere Öffnung 5.2 des Stoßteilerrohres bildet zugleich die Mündung der Flasche 4. Die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5 teilt den Flaschenraum H in zwei Räume (2 Kammern), den Expansionsraum A und den Sackraum B. Der Expansionsraum A wird charakterisiert durch den Durchmesser d und die Tiefe T. Der Sackraum ist ein sogenannter "toter" Raum, der keinen Ausgang hat. Der Sackraum B erstreckt sich vom Expansionsraum bis an die vordere Wandung der Flasche 4. Die vordere Wandung der Flasche 4 kann zugleich als Umlenkmittel 6 ausgebildet sein.
Im Expansionsraum A kann das aus dem Rohrlauf 1 austretende Gas explosionsartig expandieren. Im Sackraum B expandiert das Gas weiter, getrennt von dem Anteil des Gases, welches durch das Stoßteilerrohr 5 direkt austritt. Das Stoßteilerrohr 5 sollte einen möglichst kleinen Durchmesser ausweisen, der gerade eine Freigängigkeit für das Geschoß garantiert. Im Bedarfsfall kann sich das Stoßteilerrohr in Richtung äußerer Öffnung aufweiten, um die Freigängigkeit für ein pendelndes Geschoß zu ermöglichen. Wie Figur 2a erkennen läßt, kann dieser Stoß in seiner "natürlichen" Laufrichtung (entspricht der Schußrichtung) mit einer möglichst großen "Eintrittsöffnung" in den Sackraum B expandieren. Ein nur geringer Teil des ersten Stoßes wird durch das Stoßteilerrohr 5 an die Umgebung freigesetzt.
After the schematic structure of the device shown in Figure 1 can be clearly seen that the included from the bottle 4 bottle space is arranged downstream of the mouth of H 2 of a tubular barrel 1 in the weft direction S R substantially. This bottle space H enables the energy of the gas from the pipe run 1, which is produced when a projectile is fired, to be stored temporarily. By temporarily storing the energy of the gas, it cannot be released suddenly.
The bottle 4 has a rear opening 4.2 and a front opening 4.1. The bottle 4 is positively placed with the rear opening 4.2 of the mouth 2 of the pipe run 1. A holding means 3, which includes the pipe run 1 at the mouth, carries the bottle 4. The front opening 4.1 of the bottle 4 has a butt splitter tube 5 positioned in the weft direction S R by means of the carrier 7. The butt splitter tube 5 projects with its inner opening 5.1 into the bottle space H. The outer opening 5.2 of the butt splitter tube also forms the mouth of the bottle 4. The inner opening 5.1 of the butt splitter tube 5 divides the bottle space H into two spaces (2 chambers), the expansion space A. and the bag room B. The expansion room A is characterized by the diameter d and the depth T. The bag room is a so-called "dead" room that has no exit. The bag space B extends from the expansion space to the front wall of the bottle 4. The front wall of the bottle 4 can also be designed as a deflection means 6.
In the expansion space A, the gas emerging from the pipe run 1 can expand explosively. In the bag space B, the gas continues to expand, separated from the portion of the gas which emerges directly through the butt splitter tube 5. The butt splitter tube 5 should have the smallest possible diameter, which just guarantees freedom of movement for the projectile. If necessary, the butt splitter tube can widen in the direction of the outer opening to allow freedom of movement for a swinging projectile. As can be seen in FIG. 2a , this impact can expand into the bag space B in its "natural" running direction (corresponds to the weft direction) with the largest possible "entry opening". Only a small part of the first impact is released to the environment through the impact divider tube 5.

Mit den Figuren 2, 3, 4 und 5 wird in Nummernfolge der zeitliche Ablauf einer Strömungsentwicklung im Flaschenraum beim Abschuß eines Geschoßes schematisch erläutert. Dabei kann von folgenden Randbedingungen ausgegangen werden. Die Stoßgeschwindigkeit in dem Flaschenraum H kann im Bereich von 500 bis 1000 m/s liegen. Die Zeit bis zum Aufbau des Stoßmaximums vor der äußeren Öffnung 5.2 des Stoßteilerrohres 5 im Bereich der Flugzeugstruktur beträgt etwa 0,5 ms. Ein mittleres Stoßdruckverhältnis ≈ 50 an der Mündung 2 des Rohrlaufs 1 sei vorausgesetzt.
Unter diesen Randbedingungen erreicht beispielsweise der Stoß, der durch das aus der Mündung 2 austretende Gas verursacht wird, nach 0,1 ms die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5. Der Stoß weist seitlich starke Expansionsbereiche auf ("wirksamer" Winkel des Ausströmkegels ≈ 30 bis 45 Grad), so daß zuerst im Bereich A' in Figur 2 eine merkliche Stoßreflexion an der Wandung des Expansionsraumes A auftritt. Dieser reflektierte Stoß erreicht den Bereich der Schußachse zuerst im Fokusbereich F, der seine Lage an oder stromab der inneren Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5 findet und somit die Tiefe (T) des Expansionsraumes A bestimmt. Das Geschoß dürfte sich zu dieser Zeit im Bereich der inneren Öffnung 5.1 befinden.
Der Stoß im Sackraum B erreicht dessen vordere Wand und wird reflektiert. Inzwischen erreicht die Zeit etwa 0,3 ms. Das Gas zwischen vorderer Wand und reflektiertem Stoß wird zum Stehen gebracht und erreicht sehr hohe Drücke und Temperaturen. Die Zeit zum Hin- und Herlaufen des Stoßes im Sackraum B sollte so bemessen sein, daß der reflektierte Stoß die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5 erreicht, lange bevor die Strömung aus der Mündung 2 voll ausgebildet ist, d. h. lange bevor sich das sonst übliche Maximum des Stoßimpulses ausbildet. Diese Zeit dürfte beispielsweise bei 0,25 bis 0,3 ms liegen. Diese Zeitspanne bestimmt die Länge des Sackraumes B. Demnach wird die Länge des Sackraumes B beispielsweise 0,1 bis 0,2 m betragen. Das Geschoß befindet sich zu dieser Zeit noch immer im Stoßteilerrohr 5.
Entsprechend Figur 4 erreicht der reflektierte Stoß im Sackraum B die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5. Im gesamten Sackraum B ist die Strömung zum Stillstand gebracht. Bei weiterem Fortschreiten des Stoßes "würgt" dieser die noch im Expansionsraum A vorhandene Strömung in Richtung Stoßteilerrohr ab. Das hochkomprimierte Gas aus dem Sackraum B expandiert nun in die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5, wobei es um 180 Grad umgelenkt werden muß. Das Geschoß hat das Stoßteilerrohr 5 verlassen.
Wie Figur 5 weiter zeigt, erreicht nach einem Zeitraum von etwa 0,6 ms der reflektierte Stoß die Mündung 2 und verhindert ein weiteres Ausgasen des Rohrlaufes 1, weil ein Teil von ihm in den Rohrlauf 1 hineinläuft. Der andere Teil wird wieder reflektiert und der Vorgang beginnt von neuem. Ein Expansionsfächer e breitet sich in den Sackraum B aus und beschleunigt das Gas wieder in Richtung zur inneren Öffnung 5.1. Da die innere Öffnung 5.1 des Stoßteilerrohres 5 scharfkantig ausgebildet ist, ist bei den vorhandenen extrem hohen Drücken nur ein maximaler effektiver Umlenkwinkel von ca. 120 Grad möglich. Dadurch bildet sich eine starke Ablösung und eine Einschnürung der Strömung im Mündungsbereich, der die Ausströmung des Gases stark behindert. Auf diese Weise wird der Mündungsstoß effektiv in viele kleine Stöße zerlegt und praktisch in einen Strahl verwandelt, der die Flugzeugstruktur wesentlich geringer belastet als die Lösung nach dem Stand der Technik.
With the figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 , the chronological sequence of a flow development in the bottle space when a projectile is fired is schematically explained in sequence of numbers. The following boundary conditions can be assumed. The impact speed in the bottle space H can be in the range from 500 to 1000 m / s. The time to build up the impact maximum in front of the outer opening 5.2 of the impact divider tube 5 in the area of the aircraft structure is approximately 0.5 ms. An average surge pressure ratio ≈ 50 at the mouth 2 of the pipe run 1 is assumed.
Under these boundary conditions, for example, the impact caused by the gas emerging from the mouth 2 reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5 after 0.1 ms. The impact has strong expansion areas on the side ("effective" angle of the outflow cone ≈ 30 to 45 degrees), so that a noticeable impact reflection occurs first in the area A 'in FIG. 2 on the wall of the expansion space A. This reflected impact first reaches the area of the shot axis in the focus area F, which is located at or downstream of the inner opening 5.1 of the impact splitter tube 5 and thus determines the depth (T) of the expansion space A. The floor should be in the area of the inner opening 5.1 at this time.
The impact in bag space B reaches its front wall and is reflected. In the meantime the time reaches about 0.3 ms. The gas between the front wall and the reflected impact is brought to a standstill and reaches very high pressures and temperatures. The time for the back and forth movement of the impact in the bag space B should be such that the reflected impact reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5 long before the flow from the mouth 2 is fully developed, ie long before the otherwise usual maximum of the shock pulse. This time should be, for example, 0.25 to 0.3 ms. This time period determines the length of the bag room B. Accordingly, the length of the bag room B will be, for example, 0.1 to 0.2 m. At this time, the projectile was still in the butt splitter tube 5.
According to FIG. 4 , the reflected impact in the bag space B reaches the inner opening 5.1 of the impact divider tube 5. The flow in the entire bag space B is brought to a standstill. As the shock progresses, it "chokes" the flow still present in expansion space A towards the splitter tube. The highly compressed gas from the bag space B now expands into the inner opening 5.1 of the butt splitter tube 5, whereby it must be deflected by 180 degrees. The projectile has left the butt splitter tube 5.
As FIG. 5 further shows, after a period of about 0.6 ms, the reflected impact reaches the mouth 2 and prevents further outgassing of the pipe run 1, because part of it runs into the pipe run 1. The other part is reflected again and the process begins again. An expansion fan e spreads out into the bag space B and accelerates the gas again towards the inner opening 5.1. Since the inner opening 5.1 of the butt splitter tube 5 is sharp-edged, only a maximum effective deflection angle of approximately 120 degrees is possible with the extremely high pressures present. This results in a strong detachment and constriction of the flow in the mouth area, which greatly impedes the outflow of the gas. In this way, the muzzle impact is effectively broken down into many small impacts and practically converted into a beam which places a much lower burden on the aircraft structure than the solution according to the prior art.

Mit Impuls i1 aus Figur 6 wird schematisch der Stoß ohne Einrichtung an der Mündung des Rohrlaufs dargestellt. Bei einer steilen Stirnflanke S wird nach einer Zeit tM sehr schnell ein relativ großes Maximum M des Stoßes erreicht, um dann in einer Rückflanke R steil abzufallen. Dieser Vorgang dauert ca. 1 ms. Nach der Erfindung ist der an der äußeren Öffnung 5.2 des Stroßteilerrohres zu registrierende Impuls i2 (Schockwelle) - wie Figur 7 zeigt -in seiner Höhe wesentlich reduziert und zeitlich gestreckt wie die schematische Darstellung weiter zeigt. Diese Impulsform läuft erst in sehr großer Entfernung wieder zu einem Stoß zusammen. Diese starke Reduzierung des Stoßes mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist im wesentlichen darauf zurückzuführen, daß es gelang, den reflektierten Stoß zu nutzen, um den zwischenzeitlich sich noch aufbauenden ersten Stoß (Anstiegsflanke des Impulses) so zu beeinflussen, daß sich das Maximum M nicht ausbilden kann, sondern abgewürgt wird und sich der Impuls i2 in Richtung einer zeitlich längeren, aber deutlich geringeren Impulshöhe, verzögert (verschmiert) wird. Die Geometrie des Flaschenraums trägt dazu bei, daß die Strömung aus dem Rohrlauf abgewürgt wird noch bevor sich die Stirnflanke des Stoßes voll aufbauen kann. Dadurch werden Vibrationen deutlich gemindert. Neben Kanonen für Luftfahrzeuge ist die Erfindung auch bei anderen, bekannten Feuerwaffen einsetzbar.Impulse i 1 from FIG. 6 schematically shows the impact without a device at the mouth of the pipe run. With a steep end flank S, a relatively large maximum M of the impact is reached very quickly after a time t M , in order then to drop steeply in a rear flank R. This process takes about 1 ms. According to the invention, the pulse i 2 (shock wave) to be registered at the outer opening 5.2 of the flow divider tube - as shown in FIG. 7 - is significantly reduced in its height and time-stretched, as the schematic representation further shows. This form of impulse does not converge again until a very great distance. This strong reduction of the shock by means of the device according to the invention is essentially due to the fact that it was possible to use the reflected shock in order to influence the first shock that is still building up (rising edge of the pulse) in such a way that the maximum M cannot form , but is stalled and the pulse i 2 is delayed (smeared) in the direction of a longer but significantly lower pulse height. The geometry of the bottle space helps to ensure that the flow is stalled before the end face of the joint can fully build up. This significantly reduces vibrations. In addition to cannons for aircraft, the invention can also be used with other known firearms.

Claims (5)

  1. A device on the barrel of a gun, in particular on a gun of an aircraft, comprising a bottle arranged on the muzzle end of the barrel by means of holding means and having the function of absorbing a shock wave at the muzzle of the barrel, wherein the bottle has a rear opening followed, in the firing direction, by a front opening, through which a fired projectile leaves the bottle, characterised in that the bottle (4) forms a bottle chamber (H) downstream of the muzzle (2) in the firing direction (SR), the bottle (4) being positively arranged on the barrel (1) in the region of the muzzle (2), and a dividing shock tube (5), which extends in the firing direction, being inserted into the front opening (4.1) of the bottle (4) and projecting at one end into the bottle chamber (H) formed by the bottle (4).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that a distance (T) remains between the end (5.1) of the dividing shock tube (5), projecting into the bottle chamber, and the muzzle (2) of the barrel (1) so that the first shock, reflected against the wall of the expansion chamber (A), is reflected into the blind chamber (B) by the outer surface of the dividing shock tube (5) before the reflected wave would reach the firing axis (SR).
  3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the length of the blind chamber (B) is dimensioned so that the shock wave reflected against the deflection means (6) in the blind chamber (B) reaches the opening (5.1) of the dividing shock tube (5) before the maximum (M) of the shock issuing from the muzzle (2) has developed.
  4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the length of the dividing shock tube (5) projecting into the bottle chamber (H) is adjustable.
  5. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inner opening (5.1) of the dividing shock tube (5) conforms precisely to the free passage of a projectile.
EP99110205A 1998-05-29 1999-05-26 Muzzle brake on a gun barrel, in particular a gun mounted on an aircraft Expired - Lifetime EP0961096B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19824010 1998-05-29
DE19824010A DE19824010A1 (en) 1998-05-29 1998-05-29 Device on the barrel of a barrel weapon, in particular on a cannon of an aircraft

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EP0961096A2 EP0961096A2 (en) 1999-12-01
EP0961096A3 EP0961096A3 (en) 2001-02-21
EP0961096B1 true EP0961096B1 (en) 2003-09-24

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ES (1) ES2202963T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1065590Y (en) * 2007-01-12 2008-01-01 Gamo Ind Sa FIRE OR SPORTS GUN WITH SILENCER
ES2435495B1 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-10-23 Gamo Outdoor, S.L. Procedure for the manufacture of a cannon for carbines of compressed air or CO2 and cannon for carbines of compressed air or CO2 obtained.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL20592C (en) * 1925-10-21 1900-01-01
US2150161A (en) * 1936-10-16 1939-03-14 Samuel G Green Muzzle attachment for guns
US2402632A (en) * 1942-02-07 1946-06-25 Ivanovic Nicholas Blast deflector and gun installation
GB683923A (en) * 1950-08-01 1952-12-10 Alexander John Ingram Improvements in recoil-reducing devices for firearms
US2859663A (en) * 1955-02-28 1958-11-11 Canadair Ltd Gun blast deflector
DE1922117A1 (en) * 1969-04-30 1970-11-05 Eta Corp Barrel gun, in particular high-performance cannon
DE3940807A1 (en) * 1989-12-09 1991-06-13 Dornier Luftfahrt Concealing flash from gun muzzle - involves tube which is fitted over end part of gun barrel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2202963T3 (en) 2004-04-01
DE19824010A1 (en) 1999-12-02
DE59907083D1 (en) 2003-10-30
EP0961096A3 (en) 2001-02-21
EP0961096A2 (en) 1999-12-01

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