EP0027832B1 - Three-dimensional lattice girder - Google Patents
Three-dimensional lattice girder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0027832B1 EP0027832B1 EP79104219A EP79104219A EP0027832B1 EP 0027832 B1 EP0027832 B1 EP 0027832B1 EP 79104219 A EP79104219 A EP 79104219A EP 79104219 A EP79104219 A EP 79104219A EP 0027832 B1 EP0027832 B1 EP 0027832B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet metal
- metal rail
- lattice girder
- concrete
- side walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spatial lattice girder with an upper chord, designed as an upwardly open sheet metal rail with a bottom and with side walls for receiving concrete, on the side walls of which diagonals are welded from the outside, which connect the upper chord to a lower chord bar.
- DE-C-2427168 describes such a spatial lattice girder.
- the trough-shaped sheet metal rail is smooth.
- the free edge sections of the side walls of the sheet metal rail are first widened outwards and then drawn inwards.
- the side walls of the sheet metal rail taper upwards, so that the diagonals are spread apart in an end view of the lattice girder.
- this lattice girder To produce this lattice girder, a welding electrode is inserted into the sheet metal rail, which completely fills its free cross section.
- the distance between the upper edges of the sheet metal rail is therefore of the order of 1 to 2 cm.
- this has the disadvantage that only a concrete with fine-grained aggregates and a relatively large amount of water can be poured into this very narrow sheet metal rail.
- such concrete is characterized by a relatively large shrinkage when setting. Because the walls of the sheet metal rail are smooth in the longitudinal direction, there is therefore the risk that the set concrete rod will come loose from the bond with the sheet metal rail with only slight loads. Due to the poor bond between the sheet metal rail and the concrete and the small concrete cross-section in the top chord, the installation span of this lattice girder is only slightly increased by the concrete filling.
- CH-A-391 245 describes a similar spatial lattice girder.
- a diagonal is welded there to the bottom of a sheet metal rail.
- This lattice girder is therefore not sufficiently stiffened in the lateral direction, so that no larger spans can be achieved with loads in the direction of its height.
- the substantially U-shaped profiled sheet metal rail has waves on its inner surface which are intended to increase the surface area and thus to increase the bond strength with a pressure-resistant material inserted into the sheet metal rail. There u. a. Profiling of the sheet metal rail recommended in such a way that the side flanks of the sheet metal rail run back approximately semicircularly into the interior of the sheet metal rail.
- DE-A-2446733 describes a composite ceiling consisting of a tension belt consisting of steel and also serving as formwork and a pressure belt consisting of concrete.
- a tension belt consisting of steel and also serving as formwork
- a pressure belt consisting of concrete.
- the surfaces of the steel plates facing the concrete are provided with knobs. These knobs thus serve to improve the bond in the area of a tension element of a continuous rib ceiling.
- the object of the invention is to further develop it in such a way that the mounting span is significantly improved by improving the bond between the sheet metal rail and the concrete entered and deformed into the sheet metal rail under loads in all directions.
- the invention is characterized in that the sheet metal rail is provided over its length with projections arranged both in the longitudinal direction of the sheet metal rail and in the transverse direction of the sheet metal rail, which protrude into the interior of the sheet metal rail, and that the distance between the upper edges of the sheet metal rail at least Is 8 cm, so that a concrete with additives of usual grain sizes can be entered into the sheet metal rail.
- the side walls of the sheet metal rail to the interior of the sheet in a manner known per se rail are inclined and their upper edges are angled inwards. This also improves the bond between the concrete and the sheet metal rail when the load is applied in the vertical direction. So that the shear-resistant bond achieved by the specified measures is maintained even with larger loads, a certain kink resistance must be ensured for the sheet metal rail.
- the bottom of the sheet metal rail has a continuous bead in the longitudinal direction. The bending of the sheet metal rail serves the same purpose.
- the projections can be designed in several ways, for example as tongues or knobs. It is preferred if the projections are designed as knobs pointing into the interior of the sheet metal rail, as is known per se, because this results in high shear surfaces on the knobs.
- An upper chord 1 consists of a support-shaped sheet metal rail with a bottom 2 and side walls 3. Diagonals 4 are welded to the outer sides of the side walls 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown, these are wave-shaped, as can best be seen in FIG. 2. In the area of the lower ends of the diagonals, lower chord rods 5 are welded to the diagonals.
- the bottom 2 and the side walls 3 of the upper flange have knobs 6 which are arranged at intervals from one another and point into the interior of the sheet metal rail.
- the clear distance 7 between the upper edges 8 of the side walls 3 of the upper chord is at least 8 cm.
- the sheet metal rail can also have bevels 10 on the upper edges of the side walls 3, in the floor 2 a continuous bead 11 in the longitudinal direction or other conventional stiffeners in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen räumlichen Gitterträger mit einem Obergurt, ausgebildet als nach oben offene Blechschiene mit einem Boden und mit Seitenwänden zur Aufnahme von Beton, an deren Seitenwände von außen Diagonalen angeschweißt sind, die den Obergurt mit jeweils einem Untergurtstab verbinden.The invention relates to a spatial lattice girder with an upper chord, designed as an upwardly open sheet metal rail with a bottom and with side walls for receiving concrete, on the side walls of which diagonals are welded from the outside, which connect the upper chord to a lower chord bar.
Einen derartigen räumlichen Gitterträger beschreibt die DE-C-2427168. In Längsrichtung des Gitterträgers ist die rinnenförmige Blechschiene glatt ausgebildet. In Querrichtung sind die freien Randabschnitte der Seitenwände der Blechschiene zunächst nach außen erweitert und dann nach innen eingezogen. Die Seitenwände der Blechschiene verjüngen sich nach oben, so daß die Diagonalen in einer Stirnansicht des Gitterträgers gespreizt sind.DE-C-2427168 describes such a spatial lattice girder. In the longitudinal direction of the lattice girder, the trough-shaped sheet metal rail is smooth. In the transverse direction, the free edge sections of the side walls of the sheet metal rail are first widened outwards and then drawn inwards. The side walls of the sheet metal rail taper upwards, so that the diagonals are spread apart in an end view of the lattice girder.
Zur Herstellung dieses Gitterträgers wird in die Blechschiene eine Schweißelektrode eingeführt, die deren freien Querschnitt vollständig ausfüllt. Der Abstand zwischen den oberen Kanten der Blechschiene liegt dort somit in der Größenordnung von 1 bis 2 cm. Damit ist aber der Nachteil verbunden, daß nur ein Beton mit feinkörnigen Zuschlagstoffen und verhältnismäßig großem Wasseranteil in diese sehr schmale Blechschiene eingefüllt werden kann. Ein solcher Beton zeichnet sich aber durch einen relativ großen Schwund beim Abbinden aus. Weil in Längsrichtung der Blechschiene deren Wände glatt sind, besteht somit die Gefahr, daß sich der abgebundene Betonstab bei nur geringen Belastungen aus dem Verbund mit der Blechschiene löst. Wegen des mangelhaften Verbundes zwischen Blechschiene und Beton und des geringen Betonquerschnitts im Obergurt wird die Montagestützweite bei diesem Gitterträger durch die Betonfüllung nur geringfügig erhöht.To produce this lattice girder, a welding electrode is inserted into the sheet metal rail, which completely fills its free cross section. The distance between the upper edges of the sheet metal rail is therefore of the order of 1 to 2 cm. However, this has the disadvantage that only a concrete with fine-grained aggregates and a relatively large amount of water can be poured into this very narrow sheet metal rail. However, such concrete is characterized by a relatively large shrinkage when setting. Because the walls of the sheet metal rail are smooth in the longitudinal direction, there is therefore the risk that the set concrete rod will come loose from the bond with the sheet metal rail with only slight loads. Due to the poor bond between the sheet metal rail and the concrete and the small concrete cross-section in the top chord, the installation span of this lattice girder is only slightly increased by the concrete filling.
Einen ähnlichen räumlichen Gitterträger beschreibt die CH-A-391 245. Eine Diagonale ist dort an den Boden einer Blechschiene angeschweißt. Dieser Gitterträger ist somit in seitlicher Richtung nicht genügend ausgesteift, so daß bei Belastungen in Richtung seiner Höhe keine größeren Stützweiten erreicht werden können. Bei einigen Ausführungsformen weist die im wesentlichen U-förmig profilierte Blechschiene an ihrer Innenfläche Wellen auf, die zur Vergrößerung der Oberfläche und somit zur Erhöhung der Verbundfestigkeit mit einem in die Blechschiene eingegebenen druckfesten Stoff dienen sollen. Es werden dort u. a. Profilierungen der Blechschiene derart empfohlen, daß die Seitenflanken der Blechschiene etwa halbkreisförmig in das Innere der Blechschiene zurückgebogen verlaufen. Hierdurch bedingt stehen auch dort nur geringe Abstände zwischen den Kanten der Blechschiene für den Einfüllvorgang mit Beton zur Verfügung, so daß auch dort - ähnlich wie bei der vorstehend erwähnten DE-C-2 427 168 - nur ein Beton mit hohem Wassergehalt und feinkörnigen Zuschlagstoffen eingefüllt werden kann. Bei Belastungen besteht somit auch hier die Gefahr, daß sich der Beton von der Blechschiene wegen fehlender Verbundelemente in Längsrichtung löst.CH-A-391 245 describes a similar spatial lattice girder. A diagonal is welded there to the bottom of a sheet metal rail. This lattice girder is therefore not sufficiently stiffened in the lateral direction, so that no larger spans can be achieved with loads in the direction of its height. In some embodiments, the substantially U-shaped profiled sheet metal rail has waves on its inner surface which are intended to increase the surface area and thus to increase the bond strength with a pressure-resistant material inserted into the sheet metal rail. There u. a. Profiling of the sheet metal rail recommended in such a way that the side flanks of the sheet metal rail run back approximately semicircularly into the interior of the sheet metal rail. As a result, there are only small distances between the edges of the sheet metal rail for the filling process with concrete, so that - similar to the aforementioned DE-C-2 427 168 - only a concrete with high water content and fine-grained aggregates is also filled in there can be. In the event of loads, there is also the danger here that the concrete will detach from the sheet metal rail in the longitudinal direction due to the lack of composite elements.
Die DE-A-2446733 beschreibt eine Verbunddecke, bestehend aus einem aus Stahl bestehenden und zugleich als Schalung dienenden Zuggurt und einem aus Beton bestehenden Druckgurt. Zur Erhöhung des Verbundes zwischen den profilierten Stahlplatten und dem Beton sind dort die dem Beton zugekehrten Flächen der Stahlplatten mit Noppen versehen. Diese Noppen dienen somit zur Verbesserung des Verbundes im Bereich eines Zugelements einer durchgehenden Rippendecke.DE-A-2446733 describes a composite ceiling consisting of a tension belt consisting of steel and also serving as formwork and a pressure belt consisting of concrete. To increase the bond between the profiled steel plates and the concrete, the surfaces of the steel plates facing the concrete are provided with knobs. These knobs thus serve to improve the bond in the area of a tension element of a continuous rib ceiling.
Ausgehend von einem räumlichen Gitterträger der eingangs genannten Art liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß die Montagestützweite durch Verbesserung des Verbundes zwischen der Blechschiene und dem in die Blechschiene eingegebenen und veifestigten Beton bei Belastungen in allen Richtungen wesentlich verbessert wird.Starting from a spatial lattice girder of the type mentioned, the object of the invention is to further develop it in such a way that the mounting span is significantly improved by improving the bond between the sheet metal rail and the concrete entered and deformed into the sheet metal rail under loads in all directions.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blechschiene über ihre Länge mit sowohl in Blechschienenlängsrichtung wie auch in Blechschienenquerrichtung unter Abständen angeordneten Vorsprüngen versehen ist, die in den Innenraum der Blechschiene ragen, und daß der Abstand zwischen den oberen Kanten der Blechschiene wenigstens 8 cm beträgt, so daß ein Beton mit Zuschlagstoffen üblicher Korngrößen in die Blechschiene eingegeben werden kann.To achieve this object, the invention is characterized in that the sheet metal rail is provided over its length with projections arranged both in the longitudinal direction of the sheet metal rail and in the transverse direction of the sheet metal rail, which protrude into the interior of the sheet metal rail, and that the distance between the upper edges of the sheet metal rail at least Is 8 cm, so that a concrete with additives of usual grain sizes can be entered into the sheet metal rail.
Verglichen mit dem gattungsbildenden räumlichen Gitterträger nach der DE-C-2 427 168 wird dadurch das Volumen des in die Blechschiene eingegeben^n Betons in allen Richtungen beträchtlich vergrößert. Es ergibt sich somit ein räumlicher Gitterträger, dessen Stabilität und Druckfestigkeit im Obergurtbereich in allen Richturgen beträchtlich erhöht sind, und zwar durch ein preisgünstiges Material, nämlich Beton. Voraussetzung für die erhöhte Stabilität ist neben der Verwendung von Beton mit Zuschlagstoffen üblicher Korngrößen, der gegenüber einem Beton mit feinkörnigen Zuschlagstoffen und dem damit notwendigen größeren Wasseranteil einen geringeren Schwund beim Abbinden aufweist, auch der über die bloße Adhäsion hinausgehende Verbund zwischen Blechschiene und Beton. Diese Voraussetzung wird geschaffen durch die Vorsprünge, die über die Länge der Blechschiene verteilt sind und die die Schubkräfte zwischen Beton und Blechschiene kontinuierlich aufnehmen. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Tragkraft des Verbundkörpers voll auszunutzen.Compared with the generic spatial lattice girder according to DE-C-2,427,168 by the volume of the input to the sheet-metal rail ^ n concrete considerably increased in all directions. The result is a spatial lattice girder, the stability and compressive strength of which in the top chord area are considerably increased in all directions, by an inexpensive material, namely concrete. In addition to the use of concrete with aggregates of conventional grain sizes, the prerequisite for the increased stability is less shrinkage when setting compared to a concrete with fine-grained aggregates and the larger amount of water required, as well as the bond between the sheet metal rail and the concrete that goes beyond mere adhesion. This requirement is created by the projections, which are distributed over the length of the sheet metal rail and which continuously absorb the shear forces between the concrete and the sheet metal rail. This makes it possible to fully utilize the load-bearing capacity of the composite body.
Bevorzugt wird es außerdem, wenn die Seitenwände der Blechschiene in an sich bekannter Weise zum Innenraum der Blechschiene geneigt sind und ihre Oberkanten nach innen abgewinkelt sind. Auch dadurch wird der Verbund zwischen Beton und Blechschiene bei Beanspruchung in lotrechter Richtung verbessert. Damit der durch die angegebenen Maßnahmen erzielte schubfeste Verbund auch bei größeren Belastungen erhalten bleibt, muß bei der Blechschiene eine bestimmte Knickfestigkeit gesichert sein. Um den erforderlichen Wert auch bei kleinen Blechstärken zu gewährleisten, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Boden der Blechschiene eine in Längsrichtung durchgehende Sicke hat. Demselben Zweck dienen auch die Abwinkelungen der Blechschiene.It is also preferred if the side walls of the sheet metal rail to the interior of the sheet in a manner known per se rail are inclined and their upper edges are angled inwards. This also improves the bond between the concrete and the sheet metal rail when the load is applied in the vertical direction. So that the shear-resistant bond achieved by the specified measures is maintained even with larger loads, a certain kink resistance must be ensured for the sheet metal rail. In order to ensure the required value even with small sheet thicknesses, it is expedient if the bottom of the sheet metal rail has a continuous bead in the longitudinal direction. The bending of the sheet metal rail serves the same purpose.
Die Vorsprünge können auf mehrere Arten ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als Zungen oder Noppen. Bevorzugt wird es, wenn die Vorsprünge als in den Innenraum der Blechschiene weisende Noppen ausgebildet sind, wie dies an sich bekannt ist, weil sich dadurch hohe Scherflächen an den Noppen ergeben.The projections can be designed in several ways, for example as tongues or knobs. It is preferred if the projections are designed as knobs pointing into the interior of the sheet metal rail, as is known per se, because this results in high shear surfaces on the knobs.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, aus dem sich weitere wichtige Merkmale ergeben. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 eine Stirnansicht eines räumlichen Gitterträgers mit in die Blechschiene eingefülltem Beton;
- Fig. 2 perspektivisch den Gitterträger nach Fig. 1.
- Figure 1 is an end view of a spatial lattice girder with concrete poured into the sheet metal rail.
- 2 shows the lattice girder according to FIG. 1 in perspective.
Ein Obergurt 1 besteht aus einer tragförmigen Blechschiene mit einem Boden 2 und Seitenwänden 3. An die Außenseiten der Seitenwände 3 sind Diagonalen 4 angeschweißt. Diese sind beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wellenförmig ausgebildet, wie am besten Fig. 2 erkennen läßt. Im Bereich der unteren Enden der Diagonalen sind Untergurtstäbe 5 an die Diagonalen angeschweißt.An
Der Boden 2 und die Seitenwände 3 des Obergurtes haben unter Abständen voneinander angeordnete und in den Innenraum der Blechschiene weisende Noppen 6.The
Der lichte Abstand 7 zwischen den oberen Kanten 8 der Seitenwande 3 des Obergurtes beträgt wenigstens 8 cm.The
Ein Beton 9 mit Zuschlagstoffen üblicher Korngrößen ist in die Blechschiene eingegeben Zur weiteren Aussteifung kann die Blechschiene an den oberen Kanten der Seitenwände 3 noch Abkantungen 10 haben, im Boden 2 eine in Längsrichtung durchgehende Sicke 11 oder andere übliche Versteifungen in Längs-und/oder Querrichtung.A
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE7979104219T DE2964741D1 (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | Three-dimensional lattice girder |
| EP79104219A EP0027832B1 (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | Three-dimensional lattice girder |
| AT79104219T ATE2453T1 (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | SPATIAL LATTICE BEAM. |
| NO801928A NO801928L (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1980-06-27 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRID BAR. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79104219A EP0027832B1 (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | Three-dimensional lattice girder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0027832A1 EP0027832A1 (en) | 1981-05-06 |
| EP0027832B1 true EP0027832B1 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
Family
ID=8186225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79104219A Expired EP0027832B1 (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | Three-dimensional lattice girder |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0027832B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE2453T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2964741D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4669243A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1987-06-02 | Truswal Systems Corporation | Fire protective system and method for a support structure |
| DK2189586T3 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2011-07-25 | Cobiax Technologies Ag | Plate element with reinforcement |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1231873B (en) * | 1960-08-27 | 1967-01-05 | Bautechnik Anstalt | Girders for building purposes |
| BE597004A (en) * | 1960-11-14 | 1961-03-01 | Jacques Werman | Construction element, its manufacturing process and its applications. |
-
1979
- 1979-10-30 DE DE7979104219T patent/DE2964741D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-30 AT AT79104219T patent/ATE2453T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-30 EP EP79104219A patent/EP0027832B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0027832A1 (en) | 1981-05-06 |
| ATE2453T1 (en) | 1983-03-15 |
| DE2964741D1 (en) | 1983-03-17 |
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