DE602004004792T2 - FLAME-RESISTANT FIBER MIXTURES WITH MODACRYL FIBERS AND TEXTILE SURFACES AND CLOTHES MANUFACTURED THEREOF - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND THE INVENTION

It there is a constant Need for flame retardant fabric, also referred to as fireproof Tissue used to make clothes that can be for Suitable for people who are near flames, high temperatures or flying sparks of electric arc work. Except his excellent heat output An effective flame retardant fabric should be durable and comfortable and be produced at low cost. Although inherently flame-retardant Fibers made for Protective clothing very useful have been certain features of these fibers with problems afflicted. So can For example, these fibers are difficult to dye, uncomfortable fabric textures provide and be expensive. To address these issues have been inherent Flame-retardant fibers with fibers made of other materials mixed. The mixing of fibers may be to obtain a final tissue which are the beneficial features of each of the constituent Fibers combined. However, such mixtures are common Cost of durability and thermal output achieved.

Certain fiber blends and fabrics made from these blends are known in the art. U.S. Patent No. 4920000 (Green) on April 24, 1990, for example, discloses a durable, heat-resistant fabric, certain blends of cotton, nylon and heat-resistant fibers includes. U.S. Patent No. 4,970,111 (Smith, Jr.) issued November 13 1990, discloses a refractory fabric comprising a mixture of chlorine containing polymer fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers and a fire retardant Polyester binder comprises. U.S. Patent No. 5,539,916 (Ichibori et al.), issued April 2, 1996, discloses flame retardant clothing, natural or man-made fibers and a polymer fiber containing antimony and halogen compounds, includes. US Pat. No. 6,131,476 (Lunsford et al. October 2000, discloses colored Tissue mixtures containing inherent flame retardant fibers and flame retardant cellulose fibers containing a flame retardant compound. U.S. Patent No. 6,254,988 B1 (Zhu et al.), issued July 3, 2001, discloses a tissue made up of certain blends of cotton, nylon and para-aramid fibers which is comfortable, cut resistant and resistant to abrasion. The publication US Patent Application No. 2001/0009832 A1 (Shaffer et al.) on July 26, 2001 discloses a flame retardant fabric which has various types Warp and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are staple or filament fibers include and a "limiting Oxygen Index "from have at least 27, the weft yarns comprise natural fibers, and The relationship from single warp to weft yarn threads in the fabric at least 1.0 is. U.S. Patent No. 6547835 B1 (Lunsford et al.), Issued April 15 2003, discloses a method of dyeing flame retardant fabrics.

Out the fiber blends and yarns discussed above Tissues are either natural with poor abrasion resistance or make themselves, as in U.S. Patent No. 4,920,000 (Green), issued April 24, 1990 is, a high percentage of cotton fibers, which is a very small Wear resistance, to use. Fire protection clothing and garments become usually used in harsh environments, hence any is Improvement of abrasion resistance used for these garments Tissue important and desirable. There is therefore a need for flame retardant fiber blends, Yarns and fabrics having improved abrasion resistance.

UK Patent Application GB 2152542 (CC Developments Ltd.), published August 7, 1985, discloses a fire retardant fabric made by selecting from known fire retardant fibers a blend of fibers, making at least two fabric components from various combinations of these fibers, associating these selected fibers with the components and assembling these components to a tissue. Fabrics comprising a blend of three different fibers, each selected from the group consisting of aramid fiber, modacrylic fiber, fire retardant polyester fiber, and fire retardant viscose fiber, are described and may be knit, woven, or nonwoven.

SUMMARY THE INVENTION

According to the purpose of the invention, as embodied herein and diversified described, the subject of the invention is an intimate mixture staple fibers comprising 10 to 75 parts by weight of at least an aramid staple fiber, 15 to 80 parts by weight of at least a modacrylic staple fiber and 5 to 30 parts by weight of at least one polyamide staple fiber.

In another embodiment of the invention the subject of the invention is an intimate mixture of staple fibers, comprising 20 to 40 parts by weight of at least one aramid staple fiber, 50 to 80 parts by weight of at least one modacrylic staple fiber and 15 to 20 parts by weight of at least one polyamide staple fiber.

In another embodiment the subject matter of the invention is one of those described above intimate mixtures, wherein the at least one aramid staple fiber Poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) and the at least one modacrylic staple fiber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride.

The Modacryl staple fiber according to the invention contains preferably an antimony additive. The preferred antimony additive provides an antimony oxide.

The intimate according to the invention Mixtures can used to make a yarn, which in turn is used to make it a flame retardant fabric for use in flame retardant articles, such as clothing, can be used.

One further inventive scope is apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. It should be noted, however, that the detailed Description and specific examples, while embodiments of the invention merely by way of example explanation given by those skilled in the context of this detailed Description is different in spirit and scope of the invention changes and modifications are detected. It should be noted that both the above general description and the following detailed Descriptions are merely exemplary and explanatory and as claimed Do not limit the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It there is a constant Need for fiber blends that make up flame retardant tissue, on the too is referred to as refractory fabric, which can be produced used for making clothes and other articles can, the for People are likely to be near flames, high temperatures or flying sparks of electric arc and the like work. Significant efforts have been used to increase the effectiveness of such fiber blends and the resulting fabric, while their comfort and their Durability is maintained or improved and their total cost be reduced. The subject of the present invention is accurate Such progress in the field of flame retardant garments dar.

A intimate according to the invention Mixture of staple fibers includes aramid fibers, modacrylic fibers and Polyamide fibers. The proportions of each component are to be achieved important to the necessary combination of physical qualities. Under "heartfelt Mixture "understands one that has two or more fiber classes before spinning a yarn be mixed. The present invention is the formation the intimate mixture by combination of aramid fibers, modacrylic fibers and polyamide fibers in the fiber form and then spinning into a single one Hank. By "yarn" one understands Assembling spun or twisted fibers to form a continuous strand that can be used for weaving, knitting, re-weaving or Lichen used or otherwise to a fabric or tissue can be produced. Such yarns can by means of conventional Process for spinning staple fibers into yarns, such as by ring spinning or air spinning at higher speed, such as for example the air jet spinning according to Murata, in which air is used to turn the pile into a yarn, getting produced.

The intimate according to the invention Mixture of the staple fibers includes aramid fibers which are inherently flame retardant are. By "aramid fiber" one understands one or more fibers consisting of one or more aromatic polyamide (s) wherein at least 85% of the amide - (- CONH-) linkages are bonded directly to two aromatic rings. Aromatic polyamides be by reactions of aromatic diacid chlorides with aromatic Diamines for the preparation of amide linkages in an amide solvent educated. Aramid fibers can by dry or wet spinning using any number by methods, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,063,966; 3227793; 3287324; 3414645; 3869430; 3869429; 3767756; and 5667743 however, explanatory for useful Spinning process for producing fibers used according to the invention could become.

Aramid fibers are generally available in two distinct classes, namely meta-aramid fibers and m-aramid fibers, respectively, one of which is poly (metaphenylene-isophthalamide), also referred to as MPD-I, and para Aramid fibers or p-aramid fibers, one of which is composed of poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide), which is also referred to as PPD-T. Meta-aramid fibers are currently available from EI du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware in several forms under the trademark NOMEX ^®: NOMEX T-450 ^® represents 100% meta-aramid; NOMEX T-455 ^® represents a blend of 95% NOMEX ^® and 5% KEVLAR ^® (para-aramid); and NOMEX IIIA ^® represents 93% NOMEX ^®, 5% Kevlar ^® and 2% carbon core nylon (also T-462 ^® known as NOMEX). In addition, meta-aramid fibers are available under the trademark CONEX ^® and APYEIL ^®, the manufactured by the company Teijin, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and the company Unitika, Ltd., Osaka, Japan. Para-aramid fibers are currently available under the trademarks KEVLAR ^® from EI du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware, and TWARON ^® by the company. Teijin Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. For purposes herein, the Technora ^® fiber is that, Japan is available from the company. Teijin Ltd., Tokyo, and from copoly (p-phenylene / 3,4'-diphenyl-terephthalamide) is produced as a para- Aramid fiber considered.

In an embodiment of the invention represents at least one aramid staple fiber poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) represents.

The intimate mixture of staple fibers of the invention also includes modacrylic fibers. Modacrylic fibers are artificial fibers wherein the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of less than 85% by weight but at least 35% by weight of acrylonitrile (-CH ₂ CH [CN] -) _x units , represents. Modacrylic fibers are made from resins which are copolymers (combinations) of acrylonitrile and halogen containing compounds such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or vinyl bromide. Modacrylic fibers are inherently flame-retardant because they are copolymerized with these other compounds, such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or vinyl bromide. Modacrylic fibers are commercially available under various trademarks, such as Protex ^® (ACN / polyvinylidene chloride copolymer) available, which can be obtained from Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan.

In an embodiment of the invention the at least one modacrylic fiber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride.

The Modacryl staple fibers according to the invention preferably contain an antimony additive. The preferred antimony additive represents an antimony oxide, preferably in a larger amount added as 2 wt .-% becomes.

The intimate according to the invention Mixture of staple fibers also includes polyamide fibers. By "polyamide fibers" is meant a or more fiber (s) of one or more aliphatic polyamide polymers, which is referred to generically as nylon. Examples include the following a: polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), polycaprolactam (nylon 6), polybutyrolactam (nylon 4), poly (9-aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9), polyeneantholactam (Nylon 7), polycapryl lactam (nylon 8) and polyhexamethylene sebacamide (Nylon 6, 10). Nylon fibers are generally made by extrusion a melt of the polymer through a capillary into a gaseous solidifying Spun medium. If nylon is the polyamide fiber in the intimate mixture of represents a yarn-forming staple fibers, such a yarn preferably used as the warp yarn when conveying a fabric protection against abrasion of a soft surface in the finished fabric or made of such a fabric made garment becomes. In an embodiment according to the invention, when nylon in this way for the production of fabrics according to the invention or garments is used, it is expected that the tissues according to the invention or clothes a more than 10% higher Abrasion resistance compared to similar fabrics without nylon as in cycles to failure as described below Abrasion resistance test was measured. However, too much nylon in a fabric causes the fabric becomes stiff and loses flexibility when the fabric is short high Temperatures is exposed.

In an embodiment of the invention For example, the nylon fiber has a linear density of 1 to 3 dtex. In another embodiment For example, the nylon fiber has a linear density of 1 to 1.5 dtex. In yet another embodiment For example, the nylon fiber has a linear density of about 1.1 dtex.

The intimate mixture of staple fibers of this invention can be used to make flame retardant yarns and fabrics. These yarns and fabrics can be used to make flame retardant articles, such as flame retardant garments and clothing, for firefighters and other workers who are in the immediate vicinity of flames, high temperatures or flying sparks from electric arcs are particularly useful. In general, "flame retardant" is understood to mean that the fabric does not support flames in air after coming into contact with a flame for a short period of time. More specifically, "flame retardant" can be defined in relation to the vertical flame test described below Tissues preferably have a charring length of less than six inches after exposure to a flame for 12 seconds The terms "flame retardant", "flame retardant", "fire retardant" and "refractory" are used interchangeably in the industry, and references to "Flame retardant" compounds, fibers, yarns, fabrics, and garments of the present invention could equally well be described as "flame resistant,""fireretardant," or "fire resistant."

staple fibers for use in spinning yarns are generally of one certain length and a certain linear density. For use according to the invention can synthetic fibers with staple lengths from 2.5 to 15 cm (1 to 6 inches) and as long as 25 cm (10 inches) be used, and lengths from 3.8 to 11.4 cm (1.5 to 4.5 inches) are preferred. It was found that yarns made from such fibers, the staple lengths of less than 2.5 cm, excessively high Turning degrees required to maintain the strength for processing maintain. Yarns made from such fibers with staple lengths of more than 15 cm, are due to the tendency of having long staple fibers entangled and fragile which results in short fibers are harder to produce. The synthetic staple fibers can, as for desired, curled or not crimped for the particular intended purpose. The staple fibers according to the invention are generally determined by cutting continuous filaments onto certain ones Predetermined lengths, produced. Staple fibers can but also by other means, such as by tearing and yarns can from these fibers as well as from many different ones or from one Distribution of different staple fiber lengths are produced.

In an embodiment of the invention can the yarn of the invention for producing a flame retardant fabric which is by weaving, knitting or otherwise combining the yarn according to the invention manufactured textile fabric is used. Flame retardant fabrics can be used with a warp yarn comprising the yarns according to the invention, with weft yarn, comprising the yarns according to the invention or with both warp and weft yarns comprising the yarns of the invention, be constructed. If for Tissue the yarn of the invention is used in one direction only (i.e., as only shot or only warp yarn), can, depending on the desired tissue characteristics, other suitable yarns are used in the other direction. For the Best abrasion resistance is the yarn of the invention in the warp direction used as warp yarn usually the largest part of the direct contact surface of a Tissue forms. This leaves translate into a better abrasion performance of the outer surface of the Render fabric in the form of a garment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of 136-509 g / m ² (4 to 15 ounces per square yard). In another embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of 187-373 g / m ² (5.5 to 11 ounces per square yard). Such fabrics can be made into garments such as shirts, pants, protective suits, aprons, jackets, or any other single or multi-layered form of protection from jet flames or an electric arc.

The inventive article will be further discussed below with reference to working examples described. It should be noted, however, that the inventive concept is not limited in any way by these examples.

PROCEDURE

The following test procedure are used in the following examples.

HEAT PROTECTION TEST (TPP, THERMAL PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE)

The predicted protection performance of a fabric in heat and flame was measured using the "thermal performance test" (NFPA 2112) A flame was directed at a piece of fabric which was mounted in a horizontal position at a specified heat flux (typically 84 kW / m ² ) The test measurements of the heat energy transferred from the source through the specimen using a Copper Slug Calorimeter with no distance between the fabric and the heat source. The test endpoint was characterized by the time required to complete a predicted second-degree skin lesion using a method described by Stoll & Chianta, Trans actions New York Academy Science ", 1971, 33, page 649. The value assigned to a test specimen in this test, referred to as the" TPP value ", represents the total heat energy required to obtain the Endpoint, or the direct exposure time to the heat source to predicted burn injury multiplied by the incident heat flux. Higher TPP values indicate a better insulation performance.

VERTICAL FLAME TESTING (VERTICAL FLAME TEST)

The "vertical Flame test "(ASTM D6413) generally used as a screening test for determining whether a tissue burns as a predictor for this, whether a piece of clothing possesses any flame-retardant properties. According to the test became a 75x300 mm (3 × 12 in.) big piece of cloth raised vertically, and it became a specified flame twelve seconds applied to its lower edge. The reaction of the tissue up the flame exposure was recorded. The length of the fabric that burned or charred, was measured. The afterflame time (ie the Continue burning the piece of tissue after removal of the test flame) and the afterglow time (characterized by smoldering of the piece of tissue after removal of the test flame) were also measured. Furthermore observations were made regarding melting and dripping the piece of tissue recorded. The specifications based on this method for the Pass / fail are for industrial work clothing, firefighter and flame retardant firefighting equipment Fire station clothing and clothing known to the military. According to the industry standards a fabric may be considered flame retardant or refractory, if it is a char length less than 150 mm (6 in.) after 12-second exposure to one Flame has.

ABRASION TEST

The Abrasion resistance was measured using the method of ASTM D3884, with a H-18 wheel, a 500 g load on a Taber abrasion resistance meter measured by the company Teledyne Taber, 455 Bryant St., North Tonawanda, N.Y. 14120, available is. Taber's abrasion resistance was considered cycles to failure reported.

Tensile strength test

The Tear strength measurement based on ASTM D 5587. The tear resistance of textile fabrics was using the trapezoid method using a recording Tensile testing machine of the CRE (Constant Rate of Extension) type. The tensile strength, as by this test method measured, requires that the crack initiated before testing becomes. The test piece was slashed in the center of the smallest footprint of the trapezoid, to start the crack. The non-parallel sides of the marked Trapezes were clamped in parallel clamping jaws of the tensile tester. The separation of the jaws became continuous for applying a force enlarged to that tearing across the specimen bring about. At the same time, the evolving force was recorded. The power to tear was using autographic tape recorder or microprocessor data acquisition systems calculated. For the trapeze tear resistance Two calculations were provided: the single force peak and the average of the five highest Force peaks. For the examples given here, the single force peak was used.

GRAB TENSILE STRESS TEST AT WOVEN

The Grave tensile strength measurement, which is a determination of the tear strength and stretching the fabric or other fabrics on ASTM D5034. A 100 mm (4.0 in.) Wide specimen was clamped centrally in clamps of a tensile tester and a Applied force until the specimen tore. The values for the breaking strength and the elongation of the specimen were from machine scales or a computer connected to the testing machine receive.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 illustrates a fabric according to the invention comprising an intimate blend according to the invention both for the warp and weft yarns. Example 2 illustrates a fabric according to the invention comprising an intimate blend for the warp yarn of the invention and an intimate blend of aramid and modacrylic for the weft yarn. Comparative Example A is not a fabric according to the invention, but instead comprises an intimate mixture of aramid and modacrylic, with no nylon, for both Warp and weft yarns. The following are more detailed descriptions of these examples, followed by the test results for each example.

EXAMPLE 1

A comfortable and durable fabric with ring-spun warp and weft yarns comprising an intimate blend of Nomex ^® type 462, modacrylic, and nylon. Nomex ^® type 462 is 93% poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (MPD-I), 5% poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) and 2% static dissipative fibers (Type P-140, available from EI du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware). the modacrylic in this example were ACN / polyvinylidene chloride copolymer available are (under the trademark Protex ^{®, manufactured} by Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan), and the nylon used was polyhexamethylene represents.

A roving of a picker mixture of 35% by weight ^Nomex® Type 462, 50% by weight of the modacrylic and 15% by weight of the nylon was prepared and made into a spun yarn by means of the conventional cotton system using a ring spinning machine. The yarn thus prepared was a plain yarn of 24.6 tex (cotton number 24). Two plain yarns were then patted on a machine for making a double yarn for use as a warp yarn Using a similar process and spin and blending ratio, a single yarn of 32.8 tex (cotton number 18) was prepared and then these two yarns were plied for use as a weft yarn.

The Nomex ^® - / modacrylic / nylon yarns were used in a shuttle loom in a 3 x 1 twill construction as warp and weft. The raw twill fabric had a construction of 24 warp × 15 weft per cm (60 warp × 39 weft per inch) and a basis weight of 271.3 g / m ² (8 oz / yd ² ). The raw twill fabric prepared as described above was cleaned in hot water and dried under a low tension. The cleaned tissue was then stained using an acid dye. Thereafter, the finished fabric was tested for its thermal and mechanical properties. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 2

A comfortable and durable fabric was prepared comprising ring spun warp yarns of an intimate blend of Nomex ^® type 462, modacrylic, and nylon, and ring spun fill yarns of intimate blends of Nomex ^® type 462 and modacrylic.

Nomex ^® type 462 is 93% poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (MPD-I), 5% poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) and 2% static dissipative fibers (Type P-140, available from EI du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware). the modacrylic in this example was ACN / polyvinylidene chloride copolymer available are (under the trademark Protex ^{®, manufactured} by Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan), and the nylon used was polyhexamethylene represents.

A roving of a picker mixture of 35% by weight ^Nomex® Type 462, 50% by weight of the modacrylic and 15% by weight of the nylon was prepared and made into a spun yarn by means of the conventional cotton system using a ring spinning machine. The yarn thus prepared was a plain yarn of 24.6 tex (cotton number 24). Two plain yarns were then patted on a machine for making a double yarn for use as a warp yarn . using a similar procedure and the same rotation, a single yarn of 32.8 tex (18 cotton count) using a mixture of 50 wt .-% Nomex ^® type two was 462, and 50 wt .-% of the modacrylic prepared, and then were of these simple yarns for use as a weft yarn.

The Nomex ^® - / modacrylic / nylon yarn was used as the chain and the Nomex ^® - / modacrylic yarn used as the weft in a shuttle loom in a twill construction 3 x. 1 The raw twill fabric had a construction of 23 warp × 16 weft per cm (58 warp × 40 weft / inch) and a basis weight of 264.5 g / m ² (7.8 oz / yd ² ). The raw twill fabric prepared as described above was cleaned in hot water and dried under a low tension. The cleaned tissue was then stained using an acid dye. Thereafter, the finished fabric was tested for its thermal and mechanical properties. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A

A comfortable and durable fabric was prepared comprising ring spun warp yarns made from an intimate blend of Nomex® type 462 and modacrylic ^® and ring spun fill yarns made from an intimate blend of Nomex ^® type 462 and modacrylic.

Nomex ^® type 462 is 93% poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (MPD-I), 5% poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) and 2% static dissipative fibers (Type P-140, available from EI du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware). the modacrylic in this example was ACN / polyvinylidene chloride copolymer available under the trademark Protex ^{®, manufactured} by Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan) is (.

A roving of a 50% by weight ^Nomex® Type 462 picker mixture and 50% by weight of the modacrylic was prepared and made into a "Twist Multiplier" spun yarn of 3.7 using a conventional cotton system using a ring spinning machine The yarn thus prepared was a plain yarn of 24.6 tex (cotton number 24) .Two of these simple yarns were then plied on a specialist machine to make a double yarn for use as a warp yarn A single yarn of 32.8 tex (cotton number 18) with a blend of 50% by weight ^Nomex® Type 462 and 50% by weight of the modacrylic was prepared, with the same twist, and then two of these plain yarns were used as one Weft yarn.

The Nomex ^® - / modacrylic yarn was used in a shuttle loom in a 3 x 1 twill construction as warp and weft. The greige twill fabric had a construction of 23 ends x (38 picks per inch 58 ends x) and a basis weight of 254 g / m ² (7.5 oz / yd ²⁾ to 15 weft threads per cm. The raw twill fabric prepared as described above was cleaned in hot water and dried under a low tension. The cleaned tissue was then stained using an acid dye. Thereafter, the finished fabric was tested for its thermal and mechanical properties. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 EXAMPLE TEST RESULTS

Claims (19)

Internal mixture of staple fibers, comprising: 10 to 75 parts by weight of at least one aramid staple fiber, 15 to 80 parts by weight of at least one modacrylic staple fiber and 5 to 30 parts by weight of at least one polyamide staple fiber. An intimate mixture according to claim 1, wherein the at least a modacrylic staple fiber comprises an antimony compound. An internal mixture according to claim 1, wherein 20 to 40 Parts by weight of the at least one aramid staple fiber, 50 to 80 parts by weight of the at least one modacrylic staple fiber and 15 to 20 parts by weight of the at least one polyamide staple fiber available. An intimate mixture according to claim 1, wherein the at least an aramid staple fiber is selected from the group consisting of para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers and mixtures thereof. An intimate mixture according to claim 3, wherein the at least an aramid staple fiber is selected from the group consisting of para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers and mixtures thereof. An intimate mixture according to claim 1, wherein the at least an aramid staple fiber is poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) and the at least one modacrylic fiber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride. An intimate mixture according to claim 3, wherein the at least an aramid staple fiber is poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) and the at least one modacrylic fiber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride. Yarn comprising the intimate mixture of claim 1. A flame retardant fabric comprising the yarn of claim 8th. A flame retardant fabric according to claim 9, wherein the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of from 136 to 509 g / m ² (4 to 15 ounces per square yard). Flame retardant garment comprising the flame retardant Fabric according to claim 10. A flame retardant fabric according to claim 9, wherein the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of from 187 to 373 g / m ² (5.5 to 11 ounces per square yard). Flame retardant garment comprising the flame retardant Fabric according to claim 12. Yarn comprising the intimate mixture of claim 6th A flame retardant fabric comprising the yarn of claim 14th A flame retardant fabric according to claim 15, wherein the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of from 136 to 509 g / m ² (4 to 15 ounces per square yard). Flame retardant garment comprising the flame retardant Fabric according to claim 16. A flame retardant fabric according to claim 15, wherein the flame retardant fabric has a basis weight of from 187 to 373 g / m ² (5.5 to 11 ounces per square yard). Flame retardant garment comprising the flame retardant Fabric according to claim 18.