CN211627240U - Optical fiber type cross plate shearing sensor - Google Patents
Optical fiber type cross plate shearing sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN211627240U CN211627240U CN202020290865.7U CN202020290865U CN211627240U CN 211627240 U CN211627240 U CN 211627240U CN 202020290865 U CN202020290865 U CN 202020290865U CN 211627240 U CN211627240 U CN 211627240U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an optical fiber type vane shearing sensor, which comprises a vane, a force transmission column, a torque column, a protective cylinder and a connecting rod which are arranged coaxially, wherein an optical fiber channel is formed between the inside of the torque column and the inside of the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with a through wire hole communicated with the optical fiber channel; the cross plate is fixed at one end of the force transmission column, the other end of the force transmission column is in butt joint with one end of the torque column in a screw bolt adaptive screw hole mode, the other end of the torque column is in butt joint with one end of the connecting rod in a screw bolt adaptive screw hole mode, the torque column is positioned in the hollow protective cylinder, the protective cylinder is arranged between the force transmission column and the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with the fiber bragg grating; the fiber grating is connected with a signal transmission optical cable, and the optical cable enters the optical fiber channel from the through hole and penetrates out of the connecting rod. The invention effectively overcomes the defects that the traditional cross plate shear test is easy to damage, is not economical and delays construction when a sensing probe is used in a groundwater environment for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to geotechnical engineering reconnaissance vane shearing mechanism field especially relates to an optic fibre formula vane shear sensor.
Background
The cross plate shearing technology is a field in-situ test for obtaining the shear strength of soil without drainage by pressing a cross plate probe in a specified shape into soil by using static force or hammering power, applying torque to enable the plate head to be twisted at a constant speed, forming a cylindrical damage surface in the soil, measuring the maximum torque for resisting twisting damage of the soil body. The cross plate shearing technology has been proposed for one hundred years from the appearance till now, is firstly proposed by John Olsson in 1919, is introduced by units such as Nanjing Water conservancy science research institute in the 50 s, does not need to take a soil sample in the test, avoids the disturbance of the soil sample and the change of a natural stress state, and is an in-situ test method for effectively measuring the non-drainage shear strength of the soil. However, the widely used electrical measurement type vane shear sensors all adopt resistance strain gauge sensors, and the temperature drift and null drift problems of a sensing system are always difficult to overcome; the probe is used in a natural soil body filled with underground water, the waterproof packaging requirement on the sensor is high, and the durability is insufficient; in addition, the multi-core cable is adopted to transmit signals, and the influence of electromagnetic interference and shielding performance on data is large. Aiming at the problems, it is important to provide a static sounding test system and method with high precision and strong anti-interference capability.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to utilize the measurement means of precision height, anti-electromagnetic interference, the durability is good, waterproof anticorrosion's fiber grating as probe stress, provide one kind and measure the maximum torque that the soil body resisted the wrench damage through optic fibre sensing technology and with the optic fibre formula temperature and the moment of flexure self-compensating formula vane shear sensor of solidification history and foundation bearing capacity of obtaining the soil body shear strength that does not discharge, soft clay, aim at solving prior art's weak point in the above-mentioned background art.
The utility model is realized in such a way, an optical fiber type cross plate shearing sensor comprises a cross plate, a force transmission column, a torque column, a protective cylinder and a connecting rod which are arranged in a coaxial way, wherein an optical fiber channel is formed between the inner part of the torque column and the inner part of the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with a through wire hole communicated with the optical fiber channel; the cross plate is fixed at one end of a force transmission column, the other end of the force transmission column is in butt joint with one end of a torque column in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the other end of the torque column is in butt joint with one end of a connecting rod in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the torque column is positioned in a hollow protective cylinder, the protective cylinder is arranged between the force transmission column and the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with a fiber bragg grating; the fiber bragg grating is connected with a signal transmission optical cable, and the optical cable enters the optical fiber channel from the through hole and penetrates out of the connecting rod.
Preferably, two fiber gratings with the same sensitivity are arranged on the circular section perpendicular to the axis of the torsion column to eliminate the influence of temperature change on measurement; wherein, the central angle between two fiber bragg gratings is 90 °, the mathematical model of the sensor is:
in the above formula, A, B represents the angular direction of a fiber grating, d is the diameter of the shaft, and G is the torsion bar materialShear modulus, Δ λ is the variation of the central wavelength of the fiber grating, kIs the strain sensitivity of the fiber grating.
Preferably, the circular cross section is further provided with two other fiber gratings with the same sensitivity; wherein, the central angle between the adjacent fiber bragg gratings is 90 °, and a group of fiber bragg gratings of which the central angles are 180 ° each other are used for compensating the influence of the bending moment change on the measurement, and the mathematical model for eliminating the bending moment change is as follows:
in the above formula, A, B, C, D represents the angular direction of a fiber grating;
the shear strength of the soil body without drainage is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the crosshead constant.
Preferably, a sealing ring is arranged at a penetrating end of the optical fiber channel far away from the direction of the torsion column, wherein the optical fiber cable penetrates out from an optical fiber guide hole at the axis of the sealing ring.
Preferably, sealing gaskets are respectively arranged at the joints of the two ends of the casing, the force transmission column and the connecting rod.
Fiber gratings are a new type of passive optical fiber device that has been developed most rapidly in recent decades. From 1978, the optical fiber photosensitivity was first discovered by k.o.hill and his colleagues at the canadian communications research center, and a standing wave writing method was used to obtain a self-induced grating. In 1989, g.meltz et al developed ultraviolet side-writing photosensitive grating technology, and fiber grating technology has gradually grown mature and commercialized. In 1993, the mass production of the fiber grating is realized by the progress of the fiber sensitization technology and the use of the phase mask plate. The fiber grating sensor has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, electric insulation, high sensitivity, sensitivity of resonant wavelength to strain and temperature change, low requirements on light source energy and stability, and suitability for precise and accurate measurement. The utility model overcomes prior art's is not enough, provides an optic fibre formula vane shear sensor, through will the utility model discloses behind the experimental degree of depth in the soil is impressed to the vane probe, it makes the prow constant speed twist reverse to apply the moment of torsion, because the physical mechanics nature of each soil of burying in the stratum is different, the resistance that the probe met is also different, along with the probe forms the cylinder destruction face in soil, the soil body that it received resists to turn round and decreases constantly aggravation, the sensor converts stress deformation into optical signal and passes through optic fibre collection to thereby it resists the maximum torque who turns round the damage and obtains the not water-resistant shear strength of ground body to survey the soil body more accurately. According to the principle, the utility model discloses based on conventional vane probe, provided one kind can be convenient, swift, test low cost's normal position test instrument, provide powerful testing tool for engineering practice on the rock.
Compare in prior art's shortcoming and not enough, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
(1) the utility model realizes optical fiber sensing by replacing the traditional electric measuring sensor with the optical fiber grating, thereby overcoming the defects that the traditional cross plate shearing test is easy to damage and is not economical and delays construction when the sensor is used in the underground water environment for a long time;
(2) the utility model discloses an introduce four fiber grating sensing unit that meets an emergency, can ensure that temperature item and moment of flexure item are automatic to be offset in subsequent data processing calculates to realize temperature and moment of flexure self-compensation, eliminate temperature and moment of flexure to the influence of sensor, make the utility model has the advantages of better durability, data accuracy, continuity, reproducibility, easy operation facilitate for geotechnical engineering reconnaissance, better serve the engineering and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber type cross plate shear sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the sensor shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of fiber gratings on the cross section of the torsion bar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the angular disposition of the fiber gratings of FIG. 3 in a longitudinal cross-section through the torsion bar;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of fiber gratings in a cross-section of a torsion bar according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the angular disposition of the fiber gratings in a longitudinal cross-section of the torsion bar in FIG. 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber type cross plate shear sensor according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the sensor shown in FIG. 1; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the fiber gratings in the cross-section of the torsion bar in the sensor shown in fig. 1.
The utility model discloses an optical fiber type cross plate shearing sensor, which comprises a cross plate 1, a force transmission column 2, a torque column 3, a protective cylinder 4 and a connecting rod 5 which are coaxially arranged, wherein an optical fiber channel is formed between the inner part of the torque column 3 and the inner part of the connecting rod 5, and the surface of the torque column 3 is provided with a through wire hole communicated with the optical fiber channel; the cross plate 1 is fixed at one end of a force transmission column 2, the other end of the force transmission column 2 is in butt joint with one end of a torque column 3 in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the other end of the torque column 3 is in butt joint with one end of a connecting rod 5 in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the torque column 3 is located in a hollow protective cylinder 4, the protective cylinder 4 is arranged between the force transmission column 2 and the connecting rod 5, and a fiber grating 6 is arranged on the surface of the torque column 3; the fiber grating is connected with a signal transmission optical cable 7, and the optical cable enters the optical fiber channel from the through hole and penetrates out of the connecting rod 5.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, 7 tip of signal transmission cable are worn torque post 3 from connecting rod 5 along fibre channel, and wear out from the through-line hole on torque post 3's the column wall, and finally be connected with fiber grating, fiber grating pastes the deformation with perception torque post 3 on torque post 3 surface, torque post 3 is arranged in and is protected a section of thick bamboo 4, 3 both ends of torque post are established to the screw and respectively with 2 tip double-screw bolts of power transmission post, 5 tip double-screw bolts butt joint fastening of connecting rod, also will protect a section of thick bamboo 4 to fix in power transmission post 2 when the fastening, between connecting rod 5, so that the sensor forms stable whole.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, for guaranteeing that the sensor has good waterproof performance, the end of wearing out of keeping away from 3 directions of torsion post at fibre channel is equipped with sealing washer 8, wherein, the optical cable is worn out by the fiber guide hole of sealing washer axle center department, and signal transmission optical cable 7 passes the sealing washer and is connected with external equipment.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, protect a section of thick bamboo 4 and set up between biography power post 2, connecting rod 5, protect a section of thick bamboo 4 location promptly between biography power post 2, connecting rod 5, but can not cause the influence to the relative rotation of force post 2, torsion post 3 etc. protect a section of thick bamboo 4 and ensure that the sensor has good waterproof performance. More specifically, the joints between the two ends of the pile casing 4 and the force transmission column 2 and the connecting rod 5 are respectively provided with a sealing gasket 9, the sealing gasket 9 can not only prevent water, but also reduce friction force between the pile casing 4 and the force transmission column 2 and the connecting rod 5, and ensure accurate transmission of the torsion force of the force transmission column 2 on the torsion column 3.
The utility model discloses an in the practical application process, this optic fibre vane sensor's vane 1 probe should accord with international standard, including material, specification size etc. that vane 1 adopted. In addition, the glue used for adhering the fiber grating on the torsion column is EPO-TEK353ND type two-component epoxy resin glue produced by EPOXYTECHNOLOGY company in the United states. The fiber bragg grating needs to be attached to a torsion column 3 for torque measurement, the torsion column 3 is a key part of the sensor, and the performance of the torsion column 3 material has a large influence on the measurement accuracy and stability of the sensor, so that the sensor is the basis for achieving high performance. Here, the material selected is high-elasticity alloy steel SZK according to the experience of developing the torque column 3 in the past. The alloy steel has good stability and can well meet the stability requirement of the sensor, which is the most important requirement of the sensor. In addition, the alloy steel is non-magnetic and stainless, has good corrosion resistance, and can meet the environmental conditions of geotechnical engineering investigation. The shape of the torsion column 3 is shown in fig. 2, the middle cylindrical surface of the torsion column 3 is a position attached with a strain gauge, and the surface stress between two flanges on the shaft is uniform and is suitable for measurement.
The utility model discloses an operating principle lies in, the sensor uses its cross 1 to bore into the underground back for the drill bit end, rotate the sensor, at rotatory in-process, the resistance that cross 1 received transmits torsion post 3 through power post 2, the deformation that torsion post 3 produced makes the fiber grating of its side also produce corresponding meeting an emergency, thereby lead to fiber grating's central reflection wavelength to change, be connected to fiber grating demodulation equipment collection and transmission to the computer with fiber grating through signal transmission optical cable 7, the computer can pass through the formula with the change of fiber grating wavelength and can convert the shear stress that becomes the soil body that corresponds, it is shown specifically as following formula (1):
in the formula (1), M is the torque transmitted on the shaft; d is the diameter of the shaft;45°、135°respectively forming strains in 45-degree and 135-degree included angles with the central line on the shaft; and G is the shear modulus of the torsion column material.
The sensing principle of the fiber grating is as follows:
Δλ＝kTΔT+k(2)
in the formula (2), delta lambda is the variation of the central wavelength of the fiber grating; Δ T is the temperature variation; k is a radical ofTThe temperature sensitivity of the fiber grating; is strain; k is a radical ofIs the strain sensitivity of the fiber grating.
In a further implementation process, as can be seen from formula (2), in order to eliminate the obvious influence of the temperature on the measurement of the fiber grating, in the embodiment of the present invention, two fiber gratings 6A and 6B with the same sensitivity are used and respectively adhered to the 135 ° and 45 ° directions shown in fig. 3 and 4, so as to obtain:
ΔλA＝kTΔT+k135°
ΔλB＝kTΔT+k45°(3)
in the above formula (3), Δ λ is a variation of the central wavelength of the fiber grating, and A, B respectively indicates the angular directions of the fiber grating 6A and the fiber grating 6B, i.e., a is 135 ° of the fiber grating 6A, and B is 45 ° of the fiber grating 6B.
The subtraction of the two equations yields:
the mathematical model of the fiber bragg grating torque sensor is obtained by substituting the formula (1):
in the above formula (5), d is the diameter of the shaft, G is the shear modulus of the torsion beam material, and kIs the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating.
It can be seen from the above formula (5) that the torque expression does not contain a temperature parameter, and therefore, in this embodiment, two fiber gratings 6A and 6B with the same sensitivity are arranged on the circular cross section formed by the axis of the vertical torque column 3, and the central angle between the two fiber gratings is 90 °, and a mathematical model is designed under the structure, so that the influence of the temperature change on the measurement can be eliminated in the practical application of the sensor.
In a further implementation, as can be seen from the above equation (5), although the fiber grating layout schemes at 45 ° and 135 ° respectively can eliminate the effect of temperature variation on the measurement, the sensor still cannot compensate the effect of bending moment. In order to solve this problem, in the embodiment of the present invention, 4 fiber gratings are designed and used, and are distributed on the cross axis circular cross section of the torsion column as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, that is, the fiber gratings 6A and 6C are pasted along the 135 ° direction, and the fiber gratings 6B and 6D are pasted along the 45 ° direction, so that the torque can be represented by the following formula (6):
in the above formula (6), a to D respectively indicate the angular directions of the fiber gratings 6A to 6D, that is, a is 135 ° of the fiber grating 6A, B is 45 ° of the fiber grating 6B, C is 135 ° of the fiber grating 6C, and D is 45 ° of the fiber grating 6D.
The diameter of the cross plate is D (m), the height of the cross plate is H (m), the height of the soil body damaged by shearing is the height of the cross plate, and the diameter is the diameter of the cross plate. The torque M measured by the cross plate probe is equal to the resisting moment when the soil body is sheared, namely:
then the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay under the in-situ stress state is obtained:
in the formulae (7) and (8), cuIn order to ensure the non-drainage shear strength of the detected soil body,
is a cross head constant which can be accurately obtained by an indoor calibration test in unit of kPa/pm.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the fiber grating replaces the traditional strain gauge sensor, realizes the fiber sensing, and overcomes the defects that the traditional electric measurement type cross plate probe is easy to damage and is not economical and delays the construction when being used in the groundwater environment for a long time; furthermore, can see out by above-mentioned computational process, the utility model discloses an introduced fiber grating full-bridge light path can ensure that subsequent data processing calculates with temperature item and moment of flexure item automatic offset to realize temperature and moment of flexure self-compensation, eliminate the influence of temperature and moment of flexure to the sensor result, make the utility model has the advantages of better durability, data accuracy, continuity, reproducibility, easy operation, facilitate for geotechnical engineering reconnaissance, better serve the engineering and use.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An optical fiber type cross plate shearing sensor is characterized by comprising a cross plate, a force transmission column, a torque column, a protective cylinder and a connecting rod which are arranged coaxially, wherein an optical fiber channel is formed between the interior of the torque column and the interior of the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with a through hole communicated with the optical fiber channel; the cross plate is fixed at one end of a force transmission column, the other end of the force transmission column is in butt joint with one end of a torque column in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the other end of the torque column is in butt joint with one end of a connecting rod in a stud-adaptive screw hole mode, the torque column is positioned in a hollow protective cylinder, the protective cylinder is arranged between the force transmission column and the connecting rod, and the surface of the torque column is provided with a fiber bragg grating; the fiber bragg grating is connected with a signal transmission optical cable, and the optical cable enters the optical fiber channel from the through hole and penetrates out of the connecting rod.
2. The fiber-optic reticle shear sensor of claim 1, wherein two fiber gratings of the same sensitivity are provided on a circular cross section taken perpendicular to the axis of the torsion beam to eliminate the influence of temperature variation on the measurement; wherein, the central angle between the two fiber gratings is 90 degrees.
3. The fiber optic reticle shear sensor of claim 2, wherein two other fiber gratings of equal sensitivity are disposed on the circular cross-section; the central angles between the adjacent fiber gratings are 90 degrees, and a group of fiber gratings with the central angles of 180 degrees are used for compensating the influence of the change of the bending moment on the measurement.
4. The fiber optic cross-plate shear sensor of claim 1, wherein the fiber channel has a sealing ring at its exit end away from the torsion column, and wherein the fiber optic cable exits through a fiber guide hole at the axial center of the sealing ring.
5. The fiber optic cross-plate shear sensor of claim 1, wherein the joints between the two ends of the sheath and the force-transmitting post and the connecting rod are provided with a sealing gasket, respectively.
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