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CN1474685A - 更高效的利普安聚合物释放制剂 - Google Patents

更高效的利普安聚合物释放制剂 Download PDF

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CN1474685A
CN1474685A CNA018190014A CN01819001A CN1474685A CN 1474685 A CN1474685 A CN 1474685A CN A018190014 A CNA018190014 A CN A018190014A CN 01819001 A CN01819001 A CN 01819001A CN 1474685 A CN1474685 A CN 1474685A
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R·L·顿
J·S·加雷特
H·拉维瓦拉普
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B·L·钱德拉舍卡
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Abstract

一种用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物,包含至少基本上不溶于水性介质或体液的可生物降解热塑性聚酯、可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中的生物相容极性非质子溶剂、利普安,一种包含此组合物的试剂盒,一种制备可流动组合物的方法。本发明还涉及一种在患者体内原位形成的可生物降解植入物以及一种在患者体内原位形成可生物降解植入物的方法。方法包括将可流动组合物注射到患者体内并且使得生物相容极性非质子溶剂散逸产生固态可生物降解植入物以及一种通过给需要治疗的患者使用有效量的本发明可流动组合物治疗癌症的方法或一种降低患者体内LHRH水平的方法。

Description

更高效的利普安聚合物释放制剂
背景技术
利普安是一种用于缓解治疗与激素有关的前列腺癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜异位、青春期早熟的LHRH激动剂类似物。如果连续使用,利普安会导致垂体去敏感和下调而影响垂体-性腺轴,且抑制促黄体生成素和性激素的循环水平。对于晚期前列腺癌症患者,实现低于或等于0.5ng/ml(化学阉割水平)睾丸激素循环水平是理想的治疗措施的药理标志。
最初,利普安在美国作为日常皮下注射类似物溶液使用。长期重复注射造成的不便后来由于开发了一种基于聚(DL-乙交酯-丙交酯)微球(LupronDepot)的、可实现一个月持续释放长效产品而消除。目前,一、三和四个月释放期的制剂广泛地用做肌肉注射微球。
尽管目前LupronDepot微球似乎有效,但是微球产品加工困难,并且需要采用大量流体来进行深度肌肉注射以确保所有的微球能够正确地应用到患者身体。这些注射一般让人有疼痛感并且会导致组织损伤。
除了LupronDepot,其他可生物降解聚合物已经有了很多的医疗应用,包括药物释放装置。药物一般要引入到聚合物组合物中并在体外做成所需要的形状。然后一般将这种固体植入物通过切口嵌入人、动物、鸟等的体内。或者,由这些聚合物组成的小分散颗粒可通过注射器注射到体内。然而,优选地,某些聚合物作为液体高分子组合物可用注射器注射。
用于可生物降解的药物控制释放体系的液体高分子组合物在美国专利4,938,763;5,702,716;5,744,153;5,990,194;5,324,519中有描述。这些组合物以液态,或溶液形式应用到体内,一般通过注射。一旦进入体内,组合物凝结成固体。其中一类高分子组合物包括一种非反应性、溶于体液(分散剂)的热塑性聚合物或共聚物。此聚合物溶液进入体内,然后聚合物在体内会随着溶剂消散或扩散到周围的身体组织而凝集或沉淀性地固化。可以想见,这些组合物会和LupronDepot一样有效,因为这些组合物中的利普安和LupronDepot中的利普安一样,并且聚合物也是类似的。
然而,令人惊讶的是,发现本发明的液体高分子组合物在释放利普安方面比LupronDepot有效。具体讲,用包含利普安的本发明液态高分子组合物在犬体内获得的睾丸激素水平(值)要比使用LupronDepot低好多倍,并且在人体内六个月后此值也比关于LupronDepot文献报道的值要低。(Sharifi,R.,J.Urology,Vol.143,Jan.,68(1990))
发明概述
本发明提供了一种适合用做利普安控制释放植入物的可流动组合物。该可流动组合物包括一种可生物降解的热塑性聚酯,它基本上不溶于水性介质或体液中。该可流动组合物也包括一种生物相容性的极性非质子溶剂。该极性溶剂可以是酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚或磺酰化合物。该极性溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中。可流动组合物也包含利普安。利普安优选为组合物的约2重量%-约4重量%或为组合物的约4重量%-约8重量%。优选地,可流动组合物配制成皮下注射释放系统。可注射组合物的体积优选为约0.20mL-约0.40mL或约0.30mL-约0.50mL。可注射组合物优选配制使用约一个月一次,约三个月一次,或约四个月一次-约六个月一次。优选地,可流动组合物是适合用于注射到患者体内的液体或凝胶组合物。
优选地,可生物降解的热塑性聚酯是聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、聚己内酯或其二元共聚物、三元共聚物、或其任意组合。更优选地,可生物降解热塑性聚酯是聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯或其二元共聚物、三元共聚物、或其任意组合。更优选地,合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯是含端羧基的50/50聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)或端羧基被保护的75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)。合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯的量是任意的,只要是可生物降解热塑性聚酯基本上不溶于水性介质或体液。合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯优选使用量为可流动组合物的约30重量%-约40重量%或可流动组合物的约40重量%-约50重量%。优选地,可生物降解热塑性聚酯的平均分子量为约23,000-约45,000或约15,000-约24,000。
优选地,生物相容的极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、碳酸异丙酯、己内酰胺、甘油三乙酸酯、或其组合。更优选地,生物相容的极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。优选地,极性非质子溶剂使用量为组合物的约60重量%-70重量%或组合物的约45重量%-55重量%。
本发明还提供了制备可流动组合物的方法。可流动组合物用作控制释放植入物。方法包括以任意顺序共混可生物降解热塑性聚酯、生物相容的极性非质子溶剂、利普安。这些成分以及它们的性能和优选的量在前面均已公开。共混进行足够长的时间以制备用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物。优选地,生物相容热塑性聚酯和生物相容的极性非质子溶剂共混形成混合物,然后混合物同利普安结合形成可流动组合物。
本发明还提供了一种在患者体内原位形成的可生物降解植入物。可生物降解植入物通过下述方法来制备,即将可流动组合物注射到患者体内并且使得生物相容极性非质子溶剂分散产生固态可生物降解植入物。这些成分及其性能和优选的量在前面均已公开。优选地,患者为人。固态植入物随其在患者体内降解而优选地释放有效量的利普安。
本发明还提供了一种在患者体内原位形成可生物降解植入物的方法。方法包括将本发明的可流动组合物注射到患者体内并且使得生物相容极性非质子溶剂分散产生固态可生物降解植入物。可流动组合物包括有效量的可生物降解热塑性聚酯、有效量的生物相容的极性非质子溶剂和有效量的利普安。这些成分及其性能和优选的量在前面均已公开。优选地,固态可生物降解植入物随其在患者体内降解通过扩散、腐蚀或扩散和腐蚀的组合而优选地释放有效量的利普安。
本发明还提供了一种治疗或预防癌症的方法。方法包括给需要治疗或预防的患者使用有效量的本发明可流动组合物。具体来讲,癌症是前列腺癌,此外,患者可以是人。
本发明还提供了一种降低患者体内LHRH水平的方法。方法包括为需要降低LHRH水平的患者提供有效量的本发明可流动组合物。具体来讲,降低LHRH水平对于治疗子宫内膜异位是有用的。此外,患者可以是人。
本发明还提供了一套试剂盒。试剂盒包括第一容器和第二容器。第一容器包括一种组合物,该组合物包括可生物降解热塑性聚酯和生物相容的极性非质子溶剂,第二容器包括利普安。这些成分及其性能和优选的量在前面均已公开。优选地,第一容器和第二容器均为注射器。此外,利普安优选冷冻干燥。试剂盒优选包括指导说明。优选的,第一容器可以和第二容器接合。更优选地,第一容器和第二容器的结构设计为可以直接装连在一起。
本发明还提供了一种固态植入物。固态植入物包括生物相容热塑性聚酯和利普安。生物相容热塑性聚酯至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液中。固态植入物具有固态或凝胶状的微孔基质。其中基质是有外皮包裹的内芯。固态植入物进一步包括生物相容有机溶剂。生物相容有机溶剂优选地可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中。此外,生物相容有机溶剂优选地溶解热塑性聚酯。如果使用,生物相容有机溶剂量优选最少,例如为组合物的0-约20重量%。此外,生物相容有机溶剂的量优选地随时间下降。内芯优选包含直径从约1-1000微米的孔。外皮优选地包含直径小于内芯孔的孔。此外,外皮孔具有优选的尺寸,使得外皮与内芯相比功能上为无孔结构。
附图简述
图1阐明了ATRIGEL-6%(重量比)药物和Lupron制剂施用后犬体内血清利普安水平。
图2阐明了犬体内睾丸激素抑制过程随着ATRIGEL和Lupron制剂使用90天的变化。
图3阐明了犬(8只)体内使用ATRIGEL和Lupron的制剂90天后血清利普安水平,给药量22.5mg LA。
图4阐明了犬(8只)体内使用ATRIGEL和Lupron的制剂90天后血清睾丸激素水平,给药量22.5mg LA。
图5阐明了鼠体内血清睾丸激素水平-4个月的制剂,14,860道尔顿比26,234道尔顿。
发明详述
以下所描述的具体优选的可生物降解热塑性聚酯和极性非质子溶剂;热塑性聚酯、极性非质子溶剂、利普安和可流动组合物的范围;热塑性聚酯的分子量;固态植入物的范围仅仅是为阐述目的;它们不排除其他可生物降解热塑性聚酯和极性非质子溶剂;热塑性聚酯、极性非质子溶剂、利普安和可流动组合物的范围;热塑性聚酯的分子量;固态植入物的范围。
本发明提供了一种适合用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物,制备可流动组合物的方法,使用可流动组合物的方法、由可流动组合物原位制备的可生物降解植入物,原位制备可生物降解植入物的方法,使用原位制备可生物降解植入物的方法、包括可流动组合物和固态植入物的成套试剂盒。可流动组合物可提供动物体内可生物降解或可生物溶蚀微多孔原位成型的植入物。可流动组合物由结合适当极性非质子溶剂的可生物降解热塑性聚合物或共聚物组成。可生物降解热塑性聚酯或共聚物基本上不溶于水和体液,在动物体内具有生物相容性、可生物降解性和/或可生物溶蚀性。可流动组合物以液态或凝胶的形式应用到组织,植入物在其中原位形成。组合物具有生物相容性,聚合物基质不会在植床处导致组织炎症或坏死。植入物可用来释放利普安。
优选地,可流动组合物可以是液体或凝胶,适于注射到患者体内(如人)。如此处的用法,“可流动”指组合物通过介质(如注射器)被注射到患者体内的能力。例如,组合物可以通过使用注射器注射到患者的皮下。组合物注射到患者体内的能力一般有赖于组合物的粘度。组合物会有合适的粘度,以使组合物可被强制通过介质(如注射器)注射到患者的体内。如此处的用法,“液体”是一种在剪切应力下经受连续形变的物质。《简明化学技术词典》(Concise Chemical andTechnical Dictionary),第四增补版,Chemical Publishing Co.,Inc.,707页,纽约(1986年)。如此处的用法,“凝胶”是一种具有凝胶状、果冻样或胶体性能的物质。《简明化学技术词典》(ConciseChemical and Technical Dictionary),第四增补版,ChemicalPublishing Co.,Inc.,567页,纽约(1986年)。
可生物降解热塑性聚酯
提供了一种热塑性组合物,其中固态可生物降解聚酯和利普安溶于生物相容的极性非质子溶剂以形成可流动组合物,组合物可通过注射器或针头使用。可以采用任何合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯,只要可生物降解热塑性聚酯至少基本上不溶于水性介质或体液中。合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯已有公开,如美国专利5,324,519;4,938,763;5,702,716;5,744,153和5,990,194;其中合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯作为热塑性聚合物公开。合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯的例子包括聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、聚己内酯或其共聚物、或其三元共聚物和它们的任意组合。优选地,合适的可生物降解热塑性聚酯是聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、或其共聚物或其三元共聚物和它们的任意组合。
组合物中可生物降解热塑性聚酯的类型、分子量、用量一般有赖于控制释放植入物所需性能。如,可生物降解热塑性聚酯的类型、分子量、用量会影响控制释放植入物释放利普安的时间。具体来讲,在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期一个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的可生物降解热塑性聚酯是含端羧基的50/50聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯);使用量为组合物的约30重量%-约40重量%;平均分子量为约23,000-约45,000。或者,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期三个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的可生物降解热塑性聚酯是不含端羧基的75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯);使用量为组合物的约40重量%-约50重量%;平均分子量为约15,000-约24,000。
75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)的端羧基可以用合适的保护基团来保护。合适的羧基保护基团为本领域的技术人员所熟知(例如,T.W.Grreene, Protecting Groups In Organic Synthesis;Wiley:NewYork,1981,并且该文献在这里引用)。合适的示例性的羧基保护基团包括(C1-C12)烷基和(C6-C10)芳基(C1-C12)烷基,其中任何烷基或芳基可以随意地为一个或多个(例如,1、2或3个)氢所取代。优选的保护基包括,例如,甲基、十二烷基和1-己基。
热塑性聚酯的分子量
本发明中所用的聚合物的分子量可以影响到利普安的释放速率,只要可流动组合物被用作介质。在这些条件下,随着聚合物分子量上升,利普安从系统释放的速率会降低。此现象可有利地用于配制控制释放利普安的系统。对于相对快的利普安释放,可以选择低分子量聚合物以提供理想的释放速率。对于较长时间的利普安释放,可以采用更高分子量的聚合物,因此采用最佳分子量范围的聚合物,可以制备用于在一选定时间段内释放利普安的聚合物系统。
聚合物的分子量可以通过很多方法加以改变。方法的选择一般由聚合物组成的类型决定。例如,如果一种热塑性聚酯使用时可以通过水解而生物降解,那么分子量就可以通过控制水解来调节,如在蒸汽高压锅中。一般来讲,例如,可以通过改变反应基团的数量和类型以及反应时间来控制聚合度。
极性非质子溶剂
可以采用任何合适的极性非质子溶剂,只要合适的极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中。合适的极性非质子溶剂已有公开,例如,在 Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemical and Laboratory Equipment中,Milwaukee,WI(2000);美国专利5,324,519;4,938,763;5,702,716;5,744,153;以及5,990,194。合适的极性非质子溶剂应能够扩散到体液,使得可流动组合物凝结或固化。还优选可用于可生物降解聚合物的极性非质子溶剂为无毒且生物相容性的。极性非质子溶剂优选的为生物相容性的。合适的极性非质子溶剂的实例包括含有酰胺基、酯基、碳酸酯基、酮、醚、磺酰基或其任意组合的极性非质子溶剂。优选地,极性非质子溶剂可以是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、碳酸异丙酯、己内酰胺、甘油三乙酸酯、或其组合。更优选地,极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。
极性非质子溶剂可以以任何合适的量使用,只要极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中。组合物中生物相容的极性非质子溶剂的类型和用量一般有赖于控制释放植入物所需性能。如,生物相容的极性非质子溶剂的类型和用量会影响控制释放植入物释放利普安的时间。具体来讲,在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期一个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的生物相容的极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,优选的使用量为组合物的约60重量%-约70重量%。或者,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期三个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的生物相容的极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,优选的使用量为组合物的约50重量%-约60重量%。
可生物降解热塑性聚酯在不同的极性非质子溶剂中的溶解度会随着它们的结晶度、亲水性、氢键和分子量而变化。因此,并不是所有的可生物降解热塑性聚酯会溶于相同的极性非质子溶剂中,而是每一种可生物降解热塑性聚合物或共聚物都有其恰当的极性非质子溶剂。低分子量的聚合物一般比高分子量的聚合物更易溶于溶剂中。因此,溶于不同溶剂中的聚合物的浓度会随着聚合物的分子量和类型而变化。相反地,高分子量的聚合物比分子量很低的聚合物一般凝结或固化得要快。而且分子量高的聚合物比分子量低的聚合物的溶液粘度高。
例如,由乳酸缩聚产生的低分子量聚乳酸溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)得到73重量%溶液,其很容易流动通过23号注射器针头,而由DL-乳酸加成聚合产生的较高分子量的聚(DL-乳酸)以50重量%溶于NMP时得到相同的溶液粘度。更高分子量聚合物溶液当置于水中时会立即凝集。尽管低分子量聚合物溶液浓度更高,但是当置于水中时倾向于缓慢凝集。
还发现包含高浓度高分子量聚合物的溶液有时比较稀溶液凝集或固化的要慢。让人有疑问的是聚合物的高浓度阻止了溶剂自聚合物基体向外扩散而随后阻碍了水渗透到基体内部,在基体内部水可以沉淀聚合物链。因此,存在一溶剂可以从聚合物溶液中扩散出来而水可以渗透进去以凝集聚合物的最佳浓度。
利普安在使用前优选地要冷冻干燥。一般地,将利普安溶于水溶液中,过滤消毒,并且在注射器中冷冻干燥。将聚合物/溶剂溶液填充到另一个注射器。然后将两个注射器连接到一起,内容物可以在两个注射器之间来回抽直到聚合物/溶剂溶液和利普安能够有效混合,形成可流动组合物。将可流动组合物抽回到一个注射器中。脱离这两个注射器。将一针头插入到包含可流动组合物的注射器上。然后可流动组合物可通过针头注射到体内。可流动组合物可以配制并应用到患者,如以下美国专利所述,5,324,519;4,938,763;5,702,716;5,744,153;5,990,194或如此处所述。一旦进入后,溶剂分散,留下的聚合物固化形成固态结构。溶剂将会分散且聚合物会固化而将利普安捕获或包裹到固态基体中。
利普安从这些固态植入物的释放会遵循药物从单个聚合物装置释放的相同的普遍原则。利普安的释放会受到下列因素的影响,即植入物的尺寸和形状、植入物中加载利普安的量、包括利普安和具体聚合物的渗透性因素、聚合物的降解。根据选定用于释放的利普安的量,一个药物释放领域的熟练技术人员可以调节以上技术参数而得到释放所需速率和持续时间。
引入到可流动原位固态形成的植入物中的利普安的量取决于所需的释放特征、生物学作用所要求的利普安的浓度、利普安释放用于治疗的持续时间。对引入到聚合物溶液中利普安的量没有确定的上限,只要具有能够通过注射器针头的可接受的溶液或分散液粘度。引入到释放系统中的利普安的下限简单地依赖于利普安的活性和治疗所需时间。具体来讲,在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种释放期为一个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的利普安的使用量为组合物的约2重量%-约4重量%。或者,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期三个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,优选的利普安的使用量为组合物的约4重量%-约8重量%。由可流动系统制备的固态植入物将会以一可控速度释放其基体基质内包含的利普安直到利普安有效地消耗完毕。
剂量
所用可流动组合物的量一般依赖于控制释放植入物的所需性能。例如,可流动组合物的量会影响释放时间,会影响利普安从控制释放植入物释放的持续时间。具体来讲,在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期一个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,可使用约0.2mL-约0.4mL的可流动组合物。或者,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,组合物可用来配制一种为期三个月的利普安释放系统。在此实施方案中,可使用约0.3mL-约0.5mL的可流动组合物。
令人惊奇的是,已发现根据本发明的液态聚合物组合物在释放利普安方面比LupronDepot更加有效。具体来讲,如下面的实施例所示,包含利普安的本发明液态聚合物组合物获得的睾丸激素水平在犬体内与LupronDepot比要低很多倍,且在人体内与关于LupronDepot的文献所报道的值相比在六个月时也有类似情况(Sharifi,R.,J.Urology,Vol.143,Jan.,68(1990))。
所有的出版物、专利、专利文件在此引入以作参考,如同分别引入以作参考。本发明借助下面的非限定性实施例加以阐述。
                        实施例
实施例1
含丙交酯和乙交酯的摩尔比为50/50和端羧基的聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)(RG 504H,Boehringer Ingelheim)溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)得到34重量%聚合物溶液。此ATRIGEL聚合物溶液注入到带有内螺纹锁配件的1.25cc聚丙烯注射器内达330mL并最终通过暴露在20千戈瑞的γ射线照射中而消毒。γ射线照射后的聚合物的分子量为32,000道尔顿。利普安溶解在水中,通过0.2mm滤器消毒过滤,并注入到带有外螺纹锁配件的1.00cc聚丙烯注射器内。冷冻水溶液并在真空下除去水得到10.2mg冷冻干燥片。在使用前将两支注射器连接并使两支注射器中的物质来回混合30次。制剂抽回到带有外螺纹锁的注射器中,两注射器分离,装上1/2英寸20号针头。然后将注射器内所含物质皮下注射到7只雄性小猎犬体内,总共是250mg聚合物制剂含7.5mg利普安。含7.5mg利普安的LupronDepot微球肌肉注射到第二组7只小猎犬体内。血清样本按照基线和天数1、3、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、55、63、77和91从所有犬中收集。
使用RIA法分析血清样本的睾丸激素。表1给出的结果显示两种产物在大约14天后都对降低睾丸激素浓度产生了影响,降低到人工阉割水平0.5ng/mL以下,且这种影响持续到42天以后。总的来说,似乎由LupronDepot得到的睾丸激素水平稍低于采用ATRIGEL聚合物体系观察到的睾丸激素水平。
                        表1.犬的血清睾丸激素数据
                         睾丸激素水平,ng/mL
         时间,天数          ATRIGEL          Lupron
         1                    2.23                3.52
         3                    5.50                4.85
         7                    0.47                1.05
         14                   0.60                0.39
         21                   0.36                0.07
         28                   0.24                0.08
         35                   0.15                0.07
         42                   0.51                0.31
         49                   2.09                0.30
         55                   2.85                1.08
         63                   4.95                0.77
         77                   4.82                1.22
         91                   2.23                2.84
实施例2
实施例1中所述的同样的聚合物溶液用0.2mm滤器消毒过滤得到分子量为48,000道尔顿的聚合物制剂。消毒聚合物溶液无菌注入到聚丙烯注射器内。同样体积的聚合物溶液也在消毒过滤前分成四个不同样本,注入到聚丙烯注射器中并暴露在4个不同照射水平的γ射线照射下,使聚合物降解而得到不同的分子量。不同剂量照射后的聚合物分子量为33,500、26,500、25,000和20,000道尔顿。所有五个制剂都结合上述利普安并皮下注射到雄性小猎犬体内。在45天期间的血清睾丸激素的测定显示所有的制剂对于降低睾丸激素浓度至阉割水平以下都有作用,除了含最低分子量20,000道尔顿的制剂。因此,含利普安的ATRIGEL聚合物制剂在聚合物分子量23,000-45,000的大范围内对于降低睾丸激素达一个月是有效的。
实施例3
实施例1所述的聚合物制剂在20千戈瑞γ射线照射后与利普安组合并皮下注射到8只雄性小猎犬体内。含有7.5mg利普安的LupronDepot肌肉注射到8只雄性小猎犬体内。血清样本按照基线和天数1、2、3、7、14、22、28、30、32、34和36收集。使用RIA法分析血清样本的血清睾丸激素和血清利普安。表2给出的血清睾丸激素浓度值显示两种产物在犬中对降低睾丸激素浓度到人工阉割水平以下都产生了影响,且LupronDepot产物似乎在稍后的时刻略为有效一些。认为产生这种差异的原因是如表3所示的在中间时刻LupronDepot产物的较高血清利普安水平。基于这些数据,预计含利普安的ATRIGEL产物将会有效,但可能不像LupronDepot产物那样有效。
              表2.犬的血清睾丸激素数据
              睾丸激素水平,ng/mL
      时间,天数         ATRIGEL          Lupron
      1                   4.56                5.09
      2                   5.81                6.19
      3                   6.69                4.99
      7                   0.55                1.90
      14                  0.66                0.24
      22                  0.96                0.15
      28                  0.49                0.11
      30                  1.01                0.17
      32                  0.90                0.25
      34                  1.53                0.35
      36                  0.98                0.27
                 表3.犬的血清利普安数据
                 血清利普安水平,ng/mL
      时间,天数         ATRIGEL          LuDron
      1                   3.98                1.94
      2                   2.34                1.41
      3                   0.81                0.93
      7                   1.01                1.55
      14                  0.29                1.99
      22                  0.58                2.11
      28                  0.47                0.70
      30                  0.68                0.49
      32                  0.51                0.31
      34                  0.41                0.53
      36                  0.25                0.18
实施例4
实施例1所述的聚合物制剂在GMP条件下制备,注入注射器内,并用20千戈瑞强度照射。然后消毒后的聚合物溶液与注入另一注射器的消毒过滤后的利普安组合。连接两支注射器,将其中所含物质混合30次,并皮下注射到接受了睾丸切除术的前列腺癌症患者体内。收集28天内的血清样本并用有效的RIA法分析利普安浓度。表4给出的数据显示了药物的初始爆发和接下来28天内相当恒定的水平。当这些数据与文献中发表的LupronDepot数据比较时,数值颇为相似,且预计两种产物都将在前列腺癌症患者内提供同样的效果。
              表4.人的血清利普安数据
              血清利普安水平,ng/mL
          时间,天数        ATRIGEL       Lupron1
          0.167              25.26            20
          14                 0.28             -
          17                 -                0.8
          21                 0.37             -
          28                 0.42             0.361Sharifi
实施例5
实施例4所述的ATRIGEL利普安产物在关键的临床试验中皮下注射(s.c.)到前列腺癌症患者体内。每28天,患者接受此产品的另一次注射直至接受6次注射。在各个时间收集血清样本并通过有效的RIA法分析睾丸激素浓度。表5给出的值显示血清睾丸激素浓度在21天时达到了阉割值50ng/dL(0.5ng/mL)。然后睾丸激素浓度在56天时降到7.77ng/dL并在此项研究的剩余阶段保持此水平。如表5所示,睾丸激素浓度与由LupronDepot得到的发表数值比较,显示ATRIGEL利普安产物更有效,因为它在人体内产生了较低的睾丸激素水平。
                        表5.人的血清睾丸激素数据
                        血清睾丸激素水平,ng/dL
             时间,天数      ATRIGEL1       Lupron2
             0                397.8             370.6
             4                523.0             552.7
             21               49.37             33.8
             28               23.02             17.0
             56               7.77              ≤15.0
             84               7.77              ≤15.0
             112              6.93              ≤15.0
             140              7.41              ≤15.0
             168              7.58              ≤15.01=36个病人2=56个病人(Sharifi)
实施例6
丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为75/25(Birmingham Polymer,Inc.)的聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)溶解在NMP中得到含45重量%聚合物的溶液。此溶液注入到带有外螺纹锁配件的3.0cc聚丙烯注射器内并暴露在23.2-24.6千戈瑞γ射线照射下消毒。照射后的聚合物分子量为15,094道尔顿。利普安溶解在水中,通过0.2mm滤器消毒过滤,并注入到带有外螺纹锁配件的聚丙烯注射器内。冷冻水溶液并在真空下除去水得到冷冻干燥利普安片。在使用前将两支注射器连接并使两支注射器中的物质来回混合40次以得到含6重量%利普安的制剂。然后将产物抽回到带有外螺纹锁配件的注射器中并装上1/2英寸20号针头。
然后将含有利普安的制剂按照靶剂量25.6mg/kg/天皮下注射到5只雄性小猎犬体内。可商业提供的3个月LupronDepot微球以同样的靶剂量肌肉注射到5只雄性小猎犬体内。实际的剂量为,含利普安的ATRIGEL制剂是31.4mg/kg/天,而LupronDepot产物是25.3mg/kg/天。血清样本按照基线和天数1、2、3、4、7、14、21、28、35、49、63、71、81、91、105、120、134和150从每只犬中收集,并通过RIA分析睾丸激素和通过LC/MS/MS分析利普安浓度。
数据显示在开始30天内ATRIGEL制剂的血清利普安水平与LupronDepot产物相比实际上较高,但在后来的120天内下降到与LupronDepot产物相同的同一水平(图1)。然而,对两种产物而言,睾丸激素水平在70天内是可比的,但后来LupronDepot产物不能保持的睾丸激素的水平。基于后面时刻两种产物可比的利普安水平,这个结果是令人惊讶的。
实施例7
制备与实施例6所述相同的聚合物制剂并将它注入到带有内螺纹锁配件的1.25cc聚丙烯注射器内达440mL。产物最终暴露在23-25千戈瑞γ射线照射中消毒。照射后的聚合物分子量为14,800道尔顿。利普安溶解在水中,通过0.2mm滤器消毒过滤,并注入到带有外螺纹锁配件的1.00cc聚丙烯注射器内。冷冻水溶液并在真空下除去水得到28.2mg冷冻干燥利普安片。在使用之前,将两支注射器连接并使两支注射器中的物质来回混合40次以得到含6重量%利普安的均一混合物。然后将制剂抽回到带有外螺纹锁配件的注射器中,两注射器分离,并装上1/2英寸20号针头。
制剂皮下注射到8只雄性小猎犬体内,利普安的总释放剂量为22.5mg。可商业提供的3个月LupronDepot微球肌肉注射到8只雄性小猎犬体内。在1、2、3、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、64、77和91天的第6和第12小时,收集血清样本以分析睾丸激素和利普安浓度。在91天时,动物用此制剂再次注射并收集91天的第6和第12小时以及92、93、94、99和105天的第6和第12小时的血清。如表6和图3所示,随着时间延续LupronDepot的平均血清利普安浓度远高于ATRIGEL制剂。然而,如表7和图4所示,ATRIGEL制剂的睾丸激素浓度实际较低。
表6.使用ATRIGEL和LUPRON3个月后犬(n=8)的平均(SD)血
                 清利普安水平(ng/mL)
        时间,天数    平均,LA(ATRIGEL)    平均,LA(Lupron)
        0              0.1                   0.1
        0.25           221.38                21.5
        0.5            54.13                 5.99
        1              24.29                 4.43
        2              9.01                  3.43
        3              6.23                  1.61
        7              1.25                  1.08
        14             0.99                  1.16
        21             0.35                  4.16
        28             0.31                  1.24
        时间,天数    平均,LA(ATRIGEL)    平均,LA(Lupron)
        35             0.27                  1.73
        49             0.45                  1.04
        64             0.34                  1.78
        77             0.29                  1.59
        91             0.17                  0.78
        91.25          254.88                25.15
        91.5           84.74                 6.85
        92             17.61                 4.63
        93             7.32                  4.36
        94             5.27                  4.11
        99             2.04                  2.48
        105            0.85                  1.35
表7.使用ATRIGEL和LUPRON3个月后犬(n=8)的平均(SD)血
                 清睾丸激素水平(ng/mL)
      时间,天数     基线,T   平均T(ATRIGEL)   平均T(Lupron)
      0               2.29       1.42              3.38
      0.25            2.29       3.45              5.25
      0.5             2.29       2.92              5.67
      1               2.29       2.99              6.35
      2               2.29       4.14              5.74
      3               2.29       3.98              6.92
      7               2.29       1.51              3.46
      14              2.29       0.17              0.95
      21              2.29       0.06              1.38
      28              2.29       0.14              1.13
      35              2.29       0.29              1.11
      49              2.29       0.2               0.07
      64              2.29       0.05              0.07
      77              2.29       0.05              0.08
      91              2.29       0.06              0.34
      91.25           2.29       0.06              0.22
      91.5            2.29       0.05              0.22
      92              2.29       0.05              0.14
      93              2.29       0.09              0.22
      94              2.29       0.07              0.22
      99              2.29       0.06              0.08
      105             2.29       0.05              0.08
实施例8
制备具有不同分子量的含45重量%的75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)的三种聚合物制剂,并注入带有内螺纹锁配件的1.25cc聚丙烯注射器内达440mL。注射器最终暴露在23-25千戈瑞γ射线照射中消毒。照射后的聚合物分子量为11,901、13,308和21,268。这些聚合物溶液与另一支注射器内的冷冻干燥利普安组合并以实施例7所述剂量22.5mg皮下注射到犬体内。按照基线和天数1、7、14、21、28、35、42、56、70、84、98、112和126收集血清样本。通过RIA分析血清的睾丸激素水平。数据显示在整个90天内两个较低分子量的聚合物制剂不能抑制睾丸激素水平至阉割水平之下,然而分子量为21,268的聚合物在三个月的评估中有效。
实施例9
制备具有不同分子量的含45重量%的75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)的两种聚合物制剂,并注入到1.25cc聚丙烯注射器内。注射器最终暴露在24-27千戈瑞γ射线照射中消毒。照射后的两种聚合物分子量为14,864和26,234道尔顿。这些聚合物溶液与另一支1.25cc聚丙烯注射器内的冷冻干燥利普安组合并来回混合40次以生成含6重量%利普安的均一混合物。然后将混合物抽回到一支注射器内,分离注射器,并装上1/2英寸20号针头。含有利普安的制剂以100mg/kg/天(12mg/kg)的剂量皮下注射到每组5只鼠体内。按照基线和天数3、7、14、21、35、49、63、70、80、91、105、120和132从所有动物体内收集血清样本并使用RIA法分析睾丸激素浓度。图5所示数据显示两种聚合物分子量的制剂在132天内对于抑制睾丸激素至人工阉割水平以下都是有效的。

Claims (46)

1.一种适合用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物,组合物包括:
(a)可生物降解热塑性聚酯,它至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液;
(b)生物相容的极性非质子溶剂,选自酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚或磺酰化合物,其中生物相容的极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中;和
(c)利普安。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解的热塑性聚酯是聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、聚己内酯、其两元共聚物、其三元共聚物或它们的任意组合。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解的热塑性聚酯是聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、其两元共聚物、其三元共聚物或它们的任意组合。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解的热塑性聚酯是含端羧基的50/50聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解的热塑性聚酯是不含端羧基的75/25聚(DL-丙交酯-乙交酯)。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解热塑性聚酯使用量为组合物的约30重量%-约40重量%或为组合物的约40重量%-约50重量%。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中可生物降解热塑性聚酯的平均分子量为约23,000-约45,000或约15,000-约24,000。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、碳酸异丙酯、己内酰胺、甘油三乙酸酯、或其任意组合。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂使用量为组合物的约60重量%-约70重量%。
11.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂使用量为组合物的约50重量%-约60重量%。
12.权利要求1的组合物,其中利普安使用量为组合物的约2重量%-约4重量%。
13.权利要求1的组合物,其中利普安使用量为组合物的约4重量%-约8重量%。
14.权利要求1的组合物,配制成为可皮下注射的释放系统。
15.权利要求14的组合物,体积为约0.20mL-约0.40mL。
16.权利要求1 4的组合物,体积为约0.30mL-约0.50mL。
17.权利要求14的组合物,为每月使用约一次而配制。
18.权利要求14的组合物,为每三个月使用约一次而配制。
19.权利要求14的组合物,为每四个月使用约一次到每六个月使用约一次而配制。
20.一种制备用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物的方法,包括以任意顺序混合下列物质的步骤:
(a)可生物降解热塑性聚酯,它至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液;
(b)生物相容的极性非质子溶剂,选自酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚或磺酰化合物,其中生物相容的极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中;和
(c)利普安,
其中混合进行足够长的时间以有效地制备用作控制释放植入物的可流动组合物。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中生物相容热塑性聚酯和生物相容极性非质子溶剂混合以制备混合物,然后将此混合物同利普安混合制备可流动组合物。
22.一种患者体内原位形成的可生物降解植入物,制备步骤包括:
(a)将组合物注射到患者体内;和
(b)使生物相容极性非质子溶剂分散以生成固态可生物降解植入物,其中组合物包括有效量的可生物降解热塑性聚酯,它至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液中;有效量的生物相容极性非质子溶剂,选自酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚和磺酰化合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中;以及有效量的利普安。
23.权利要求2 2的可生物降解植入物,其中患者是人。
24.权利要求22的可生物降解植入物,其中固态植入物随着患者体内固态植入物的降解而释放有效量的利普安。
25.权利要求22的可生物降解植入物,其中固态可生物降解植入物粘附在患者体内的组织上。
26.一种在活体患者体内原位制备可生物降解植入物的方法,制备步骤包括:
(a)将可流动组合物注射到患者体内;和
(b)使生物相容极性非质子溶剂分散以生成固态可生物降解植入物,其中可流动组合物包括有效量的可生物降解热塑性聚酯,它至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液中;有效量的生物相容极性非质子溶剂,选自酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚和磺酰化合物,其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中;以及有效量的利普安。
27.权利要求26的方法,其中固态可生物降解植入物随着固态植入物在患者体内的降解,通过扩散、侵蚀或扩散与侵蚀的组合而释放有效量的利普安。
28.一种治疗患者体内癌症的方法,包括对需要此类治疗或需要预防的患者使用有效量的权利要求1的可流动组合物。
29.权利要求28的方法,其中癌症是前列腺癌。
30.权利要求28的方法,其中患者是人。
31.一种降低患者体内LHRH水平的方法,包括对需要降低LHRH的患者使用有效量的权利要求1的可流动组合物。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中降低LHRH水平对治疗子宫内膜异位有作用。
33.一种试剂盒,包括
(a)含有组合物的第一个容器,组合物包括至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液的可生物降解热塑性聚酯,和选自酰胺、酯、碳酸酯、酮、醚和磺酰化合物的生物相容极性非质子溶剂;其中生物相容极性非质子溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中;和
(b)含有利普安的第二个容器。
34.权利要求33的试剂盒,其中第一个容器为注射器。
35.权利要求33的试剂盒,其中第二个容器为注射器。
36.权利要求33的试剂盒,其中利普安是冷冻干燥的。
37.权利要求33的试剂盒,进一步包含使用说明。
38.权利要求33的试剂盒,其中第一个容器可以和第二个容器相连接。
39.权利要求33的试剂盒,其中第一个和第二个容器都设置成直接彼此连接。
40.一种固态植入物,包含:
(a)可生物降解热塑性聚酯,它至少基本不溶于水性介质或体液;和
(b)利普安,其中
固态植入物具有固态或凝胶状微孔基质,基质是被外皮包围的内芯。
41.权利要求40的固态植入物,进一步包含生物相容有机溶剂,溶剂可混溶分散于水性介质或体液中并溶解热塑性聚酯。
42.权利要求41的固态植入物,其中生物相容有机溶剂的量是最小的。
43.权利要求41的固态植入物,其中生物相容有机溶剂的量随时间减少。
44.权利要求40的固态植入物,其中内芯包含直径1-1000μm的孔。
45.权利要求40的固态植入物,其中外皮包含直径小于内芯孔直径的孔。
46.权利要求40的固态植入物,其中外皮孔的尺寸是,与内芯相比,外皮在功能上是无孔的。
CNB018190014A 2000-09-21 2001-09-21 更高效的利普安聚合物释放制剂 Expired - Lifetime CN100536922C (zh)

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US66617400A 2000-09-21 2000-09-21
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