CN112548692B - A micro-feed device for uniformly removing material from the tip of an arc-edged diamond tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A micro-feeding device for uniformly removing tool tip materials of a circular-arc-edge diamond tool belongs to the technical field of ultra-precise manufacturing equipment. The invention provides a uniform removing device for a tool tip material of an arc-edge diamond tool based on a high-precision feeding workbench, which has high precision and is simple and convenient to operate. The invention comprises a hydrostatic pressure turntable component, a micro-feeding component, a rough-feeding component, a tool rest and a machine tool base; the tool rest is arranged on a micro-feeding part, the micro-feeding part is arranged on a rough-feeding part, the rough-feeding part is arranged on a hydrostatic pressure rotary table part, and the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part is fixed on the upper surface of the machine tool base. The invention can control the micro-feeding component to reduce the feeding amount so as to reduce the grinding pressure, and can control the micro-feeding component to increase the feeding amount so as to increase the grinding pressure, thereby realizing that the arc material of the tool tip is uniformly removed all the time in the grinding process of the diamond tool, thus improving the waviness of the arc edge and obtaining the diamond tool with higher quality.

Description

A micro-feeding device for uniform removal of material at the tip of a diamond cutter with a circular arc edge

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-precision manufacturing equipment, and relates to a micro-feeding device for a diamond tool.

Background technique

Ultra-precision machining technology originated in the late 1950s and early 1960s. With the continuous progress of this technology and the needs of aerospace, computer and other industries, it has been used more and more widely. It is now used in military and high-tech industries. It occupies a very important position in the field of cutting-edge civilian product manufacturing. Such as mirrors for large astronomical telescopes, air bearings for precision gyroscopes of inertial navigation instruments, large-scale integrated circuit manufacturing equipment, polygonal prisms for laser printers, scanning mirrors for high-speed cameras, etc., all require ultra-precision machining.

Ultra-precision cutting technology is an important part of ultra-precision machining technology, and its technical indicators mainly include the surface roughness and surface shape accuracy of the workpiece. In order to obtain a workpiece that meets the requirements, the following conditions must be met: ultra-precision machine tools, high-precision and high-sensitivity testing equipment, a very stable external processing environment, and high-precision tools that come into contact with the workpiece. Diamond tools are widely used in ultra-precision cutting applications. The processing process follows the principle of error copying, that is, the motion error of the machine tool, changes in the external environment (noise, vibration, temperature changes), and the shape error of the tool will be in the form of cutting residues. Copies on the surface of the workpiece, thereby affecting the processing quality of the workpiece. Therefore, high-quality diamond tools are an important guarantee for ultra-precision cutting work.

There are many parameters of arc-edged diamond tools, among which the most recognized evaluation parameters are the blunt radius of the cutting edge, the roundness of the tip arc and the surface roughness of the front and flank surfaces. The blunt circle radius of the cutting edge is also the sharpness of the tool, which not only affects the machining accuracy of the workpiece, but also determines its minimum depth of cut; the roundness of the tool nose arc directly affects the surface accuracy of the workpiece; the roughness of the front and flank surfaces determines The friction between the tool and the workpiece is an important factor affecting the tool life. At present, there are many methods for processing diamond tools. In terms of comprehensive cost, efficiency, difficulty of processing, and precision, mechanical grinding still has absolute advantages. In order to process a diamond tool with a small blunt circle and a small circular arc of the cutting edge, the cutting edge cannot bear a large impact during the grinding process, and the material on the circular arc of the cutting edge is uniformly removed, that is, try to ensure that The blade grinding process is slow and uniform. Due to the anisotropy of diamond materials, the material removal rates of diamond tools in different grinding directions are different. At present, there is no suitable device to realize this operation process. Only a small amount of feed in the whole process can ensure the micro-removal of the blade material. Therefore, the uniformity of the grinding blade cannot be achieved, and the grinding efficiency will be very low. To sum up, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of device to achieve uniform removal of material at the tip of a diamond tool with an arc edge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that so far, there is no device that can realize the uniform removal of the arc material of the cutting edge in the grinding process of the diamond tool, and to provide a high-precision and easy-to-operate arc blade based on a high-precision feed table Uniform removal device for diamond tool tip material.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of a circular-arc-edged diamond tool, including a hydrostatic turntable part, a micro-feeding part, a rough-feeding part, a tool rest and the machine tool base; the tool holder is mounted on the micro-feed part, the micro-feed part is arranged on the rough-feed part, the rough-feed part is mounted on the hydrostatic turntable part, the hydrostatic The press turntable part is fixed on the upper surface of the machine base.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention effectively solves the problem that in the process of high-precision grinding of diamond tools, there is no device that can realize the uniform removal of the tool tip arc material through the hydrostatic rotary table components, the micro-feed components and the rough-feed components, which can be simple and convenient. The tool nose arc material removal operation is carried out smoothly.

2. In the present invention, the straightness error of the micro-feed component is less than 60nm, the positioning error is less than 30nm, and the resolution is less than 2nm, which can realize high-precision tool positioning and extremely small tool feed.

3. The axial and radial rotation errors of the hydrostatic turntable in the present invention are less than 0.1 μm, which can realize low-speed, stable and high-precision rotary motion.

4. Because the material removal rate per unit time of the diamond tool is related to the grinding direction, the better the grinding direction, the greater the material removal rate per unit time, and the total removal amount per unit time is proportional to the material removal rate per unit time and The product of grinding pressure. In the grinding process of the arc edge of the diamond tool, when removing the material in the good grinding direction, the micro-feed part can be controlled to reduce the feed amount to reduce the grinding pressure; when the material in the difficult-to-grind direction is removed, the micro-feed part can be controlled to increase The feed rate increases the grinding pressure, so that during the grinding process of the diamond tool, the arc material of the tool tip is always uniformly removed, so that the waviness of the arc edge can be improved, and a higher quality diamond tool can be obtained.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention, and the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1 is the feeding direction of the diamond tool when the machine tool is working;

Fig. 2 is the general front view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;

4 is a front cross-sectional view of a hydrostatic turntable component;

Fig. 5 is the top structure view of the micro-feed component;

6 is a front cross-sectional view of a rough feed component;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the guide rail seat and the guide rail;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of moving block installation;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dust-proof plate;

In the figure: 1. Hydrostatic turntable components; 1-1. Turntable base; 1-2. Housing; 1-3. Sealing ring; 1-4. Working table; 1-5. Radial bearing stator; 1- 6. Bearing shaft; 1-7, circular grating; 1-8, reading head; 1-9, reading head bracket; 1-10, turntable motor; 1-11, restrictor; 1-12, axial bearing stop Push plate; 2. Micro-feed part; 2-1, Flexible hinge; 2-2, Piezoelectric ceramics; 2-3, Rigid support frame; 3, Rough feed part; 3-1, Base baffle; 3- 2. Screw bearing; 3-3, Feed screw; 3-4, Guide rail; 3-5, Moving block; 3-6, Guide rail seat; 3-7, Translation table; 3-8, Feed nut; 3-9, translation stage base; 3-10, dustproof plate; 3-11, bearing bracket; 3-12, coupling; 3-13, feed motor; 3-14, motor housing; 4, Tool holder; 5. Machine tool base.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a micro-feeding device for uniformly removing material from the tip of an arc-edged diamond tool includes a hydrostatic turntable part 1, a micro-feeding part 2, a rough-feeding part 3, a tool holder 4 and a Machine tool base 5; the tool holder 4 is installed on the micro-feed part 2, the micro-feed part 2 is installed on the rough-feed part 3, and the coarse-feed part 3 is installed on the hydrostatic turntable part 1 Above, the hydrostatic turntable component 1 is fixed on the upper surface of the machine tool base 5 .

As shown in FIG. 5 , the micro-feed component 2 includes a flexible hinge 2-1, a piezoelectric ceramic 2-2 and a rigid support frame 2-3; the flexible hinge 2-1 and the rigid support frame 2-3 are one Overall structure, the left side of the piezoelectric ceramic 2-2 is fixedly connected to the right side of the flexible hinge 2-1, and the right side of the piezoelectric ceramic 2-2 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the rigid support frame 2-3 , the tool holder 4 is fastened on the upper surface of the flexible hinge 2-1.

The micro-feed part 2 can convert the micro-scale expansion and contraction amount of the piezoelectric ceramic 2-2 into the micro-scale movement amount of the micro-feed part 2, and can realize ultra-high-precision feeding.

As shown in FIGS. 6-9 , the rough feeding part 3 includes a feeding screw 3-3, a moving block 3-5, a translation table 3-7, a feeding nut 3-8, a coupling 3-12 and Feed motor 3-13; the feed motor 3-13 is coaxially connected with the feed screw 3-3 through the coupling 3-12 and drives the feed screw 3-3 to rotate, the feed screw The upper thread of 3-3 is fitted with a feed nut 3-8 and drives the feed nut 3-8 to move along the feed screw 3-3. The feed nut 3-8 is connected to the translation table 3- 7 is connected, and the translation table 3-7 is used to install the micro-feed component 2.

The rough feeding part 3 further includes a base baffle 3-1, a guide rail 3-4, a translation table base 3-9, a dustproof plate 3-10 and a motor housing 3-14; the motor housing 3 -14 and the base baffle 3-1 are fixed with a dust-proof plate 3-10 and a translation table base 3-9 arranged up and down, and the dust-proof plate 3-10 passes through the translation table 3-7 and the moving block 3- 5 is provided with a gap between.

The rough feeding part 3 also includes two screw bearings 3-2; the feeding motor 3-13 is mounted on the inner surface of the motor housing 3-14, and one end of the feeding screw 3-3 is Nested in the base baffle 3-1 through the screw bearing 3-2, the other end of the feed screw 3-3 is nested in the bearing bracket in the motor housing 3-14 through another screw bearing 3-2 3-11.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the rough feeding part 3 further includes a guide rail seat 3-6; the moving block 3-5 is installed on the two guide rails 3-4 through the slideway of the guide rail seat 3-6, and the guide rail seat 3-6 6. The bottom groove is mounted on two guide rails 3-4, and the two guide rails 3-4 are installed in parallel on the upper surface of the translation stage base 3-9.

The coarse feed part 3 can convert the rotary motion of the motor into the linear motion of the translation table through the screw nut pair structure, which is suitable for higher precision feed motion. The coarse feed part 10 is relatively fine feed part 9. Low range but larger range, through this combination of coarse and fine control, the feed movement of the tool can be better controlled.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the hydrostatic turntable component 1 includes a turntable base 1-1, a work surface 1-4, a radial bearing stator 1-5, a bearing shaft 1-6 and a turntable motor 1-10; the turntable The outer circular surface of the motor 1-10 and the inner circular surface of the turntable base 1-1 are installed with interference. The turntable motor 1-10 is sleeved on the bearing shaft 1-6 to drive the bearing shaft 1-6 to rotate. The bearing shaft 1-6 The working table 1-4 for installing the rough feed component 3 is installed on the top surface, and the radial bearing stator 1-5 is sleeved on the outer surface of the bearing shaft 1-6 to support the bearing shaft 1-6 and is placed on the outer surface of the bearing shaft 1-6. On the top surface of the turntable base 1-1,

The hydrostatic turntable component 1 also includes a restrictor 1-11, the upper and lower surfaces and the inner circular surface of the radial bearing stator 1-5 are provided with concave oil grooves, and the center of each oil groove is provided with an oil groove. Throttle holes, each throttle hole is embedded with a throttle 1-11, and the upper surface of the throttle 1-11 and the inner surface of the oil groove are in the same plane.

The hydrostatic turntable component 1 further includes a casing 1-2, a sealing ring 1-3, an axial bearing thrust plate 1-12; the casing 1-2 is sleeved on the outer side of the radial bearing stator 1-5, There is a sealing ring 1-3 between the housing 1-2 and the radial bearing stator 1-5, the lower end of the housing 1-2 is sleeved on the outside of the turntable base 1-1, and the upper end of the housing 1-2 is connected to the work table 1-4. The bottom surface is inserted into the concave-convex gap, and the axial bearing thrust plate 1-12 is sleeved on the bearing shaft 1-6 and is arranged below the radial bearing stator 1-5.

The hydrostatic turntable component 1 further includes a circular grating 1-7, a reading head 1-8 and a reading head support 1-9; the circular grating 1-7 is sleeved on the bearing shaft 1-6, and the reading head 1 -8 is located close to the circular grating 1-7 and is mounted on the turntable base 1-1 by means of the read head bracket 1-9.

The circular grating 1-7 is used to detect the position information of the rotation of the turntable, and the reading head 1-8 is used to read the position of the circular grating 1-7 and generate a feedback signal and transmit it to the control system of the turntable. The circular grating 1-7 assembly is used to realize the closed-loop control of the turntable.

When the hydrostatic rotary table part 1 is working, the working table surface 1-4 floats under the action of hydraulic oil, and follows the bearing shaft 1-6 to rotate under the driving of the motor 1-10.

The bearing of the hydrostatic rotary table part 1 is not worn during operation, and the error equalization effect of the oil film can improve the rotation accuracy of the part. In addition, the direct drive mode of the motor fundamentally solves the problem that the mechanical transmission system has backlash. It further improves the accuracy of the components, and this driving method can also speed up the response speed of the system, so it is suitable for the micro-feeding device for uniform removal of the material of the circular arc edge diamond tool tip with high requirements on the accuracy and response speed of the turntable.

Working mode: When performing rapid feed, quick withdrawal or roughing feed operation of diamond tool, the feed motor 3-13 that controls the rough feed part 3 drives the feed screw 3-3 to rotate, and the feed screw 3-3 is rotated through the screw nut transmission pair. The rotary motion of the feeding motor 3-13 is converted into the linear motion of the feeding nut 3-8, the translation table 3-7 follows the moving block 3-5, and is driven by the feeding nut 3-8 to perform a high-precision linear motion, Therefore, the micro-feed part 2 on the translation table 3-7 drives the tool holder 4 to move in a straight line; when finishing the radius of the diamond tool tip arc, higher feed accuracy is required, and the rough feed part 3 is fixed at this time. Translate the table top 3-7 to control the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic 2-2 of the micro-feed component 2, so that the flexible hinge 2-1 in contact with it is slightly deformed, thereby driving the tool holder 4 to move to realize the micro-feed of the diamond tool; During the whole process of diamond tool grinding, the work surface 1-4 of the hydrostatic rotary table part 1 always performs high-precision rotational motion, thereby driving the components on the work surface 1-4 to achieve high-precision swing. When the tool tip arc material is used, the micro-feed is appropriately increased, and when removing the tool tip arc material in the good grinding direction, the micro-feed is appropriately reduced, which can realize the uniform removal of the tool tip material of the arc-edge diamond tool , reduce the waviness of the tool arc edge.

The diameter of the inner hole of the restrictor 1-11 of the hydrostatic turntable component 1 is 0.2-0.5mm, the gap between the radial bearing stator 11-5 and the bearing shaft 11-6, and the axial bearing thrust plate The gaps between 11-12 and the turntable table 11-4 and the radial bearing stator 11-5 are both 20-30 μm.

The stroke of the rough feeding part 3 is 80-120 mm, and the stroke of the fine feeding part 2 is 50-80 μm.

working principle:

The micro-feeding device of the present invention is a circular-arc-edged diamond tool tip material uniformly removed. When the rapid feed, rapid withdrawal or roughing feed operation of the diamond tool is performed, the working table surface of the rough feed part 3 is controlled to drive the micro feed. Part 2 moves; when finishing diamond tool tip arc radius, fix the work table of rough feed part 3, and control micro-feed part 2 piezoelectric ceramics to stretch and drive the flexible hinge to realize the micro-feed of the tool. During diamond tool grinding, the amount of material removed per unit time is proportional to the grinding pressure and the material removal rate per unit time. The calculation formula is shown in Equation 1:

Dv∝P•△M

Among them, Dv——material removal amount per unit time; P——grinding pressure; △M——material removal rate per unit time.

It can be seen from formula 1 that since ΔM changes continuously according to the tangent direction of each point on the tool arc, in order to achieve the same amount of material removal Dv per unit time when grinding different surfaces, as long as the grinding pressure P is adjusted according to A trend change opposite to ΔM can be achieved. The grinding pressure P in the diamond tool grinding process increases with the increase of the feed rate. Therefore, in the grinding process of the diamond tool arc edge, when removing the material in the good grinding direction, the micro-feed component can be controlled to reduce the feed rate. The feeding amount can reduce the grinding pressure. When removing the materials in the difficult-to-grind direction, the micro-feed component can be controlled to increase the feeding amount to increase the grinding pressure, so as to realize that during the grinding process of the diamond tool, the material of the cutting edge arc is always uniformly removed. In this way, the waviness of the arc edge can be improved, and a higher quality diamond tool can be obtained.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a little feeding device is evenly got rid of to circular arc sword diamond tool knife tip material which characterized in that: the device comprises a hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1), a micro-feeding part (2), a rough-feeding part (3), a tool rest (4) and a machine tool base (5); the tool rest (4) is installed on the micro-feeding part (2), the micro-feeding part (2) is installed on the rough-feeding part (3), the rough-feeding part (3) is installed on the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1), the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1) is fixed on the upper surface of a machine tool base (5), when materials in a good grinding direction are removed, the micro-feeding part (2) is controlled to reduce feeding amount so as to reduce grinding pressure, when materials in a direction difficult to grind are removed, the micro-feeding part (2) is controlled to increase feeding amount so as to increase grinding pressure, further, in the grinding process of the diamond tool, arc materials of a tool nose are uniformly removed all the time, the waviness of arc edges can be improved, and the diamond tool with higher quality is obtained.

2. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the micro-feeding part (2) comprises a flexible hinge (2-1), piezoelectric ceramics (2-2) and a rigid support frame (2-3); the flexible hinge (2-1) and the rigid support frame (2-3) are of an integral structure, the left side face of the piezoelectric ceramic (2-2) is fixedly connected with the right side face of the flexible hinge (2-1), the right side face of the piezoelectric ceramic (2-2) is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the rigid support frame (2-3), and the knife rest (4) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the flexible hinge (2-1).

3. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rough feeding part (3) comprises a feed screw (3-3), a moving block (3-5), a translation table top (3-7), a feed nut (3-8), a coupler (3-12) and a feed motor (3-13); the feeding motor (3-13) is coaxially connected with the feeding screw (3-3) through a coupler (3-12) and drives the feeding screw (3-3) to rotate, a feeding nut (3-8) is sleeved on the feeding screw (3-3) in a threaded manner and drives the feeding nut (3-8) to move along the feeding screw (3-3), the feeding nut (3-8) is connected with the translation table board (3-7) through a moving block (3-5), and the translation table board (3-7) is used for mounting the micro feeding component (2).

4. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rough feeding part (3) further comprises a base baffle (3-1), a guide rail (3-4), a translation table base (3-9), a dust guard (3-10) and a motor shell (3-14); a dustproof plate (3-10) and a translation platform base (3-9) which are arranged up and down are fixed between the motor shell (3-14) and the base baffle (3-1), and the dustproof plate (3-10) penetrates through a gap which is formed between the translation platform surface (3-7) and the moving block (3-5).

5. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 4, characterized in that: the rough feeding component (3) also comprises two lead screw bearings (3-2); the feeding motor (3-13) is installed on the inner surface of the motor shell (3-14), one end of the feeding screw rod (3-3) is embedded in the base baffle plate (3-1) through a screw rod bearing (3-2), and the other end of the feeding screw rod (3-3) is embedded in a bearing support (3-11) in the motor shell (3-14) through another screw rod bearing (3-2).

6. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rough feeding part (3) also comprises a guide rail seat (3-6); the moving block (3-5) is arranged on two guide rails (3-4) through guide rail seats (3-6) and slideways, and the two guide rails (3-4) are arranged on the upper surface of the translation table base (3-9) in parallel.

7. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 6, characterized in that: the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1) comprises a rotary table base (1-1), a working table top (1-4), a radial bearing stator (1-5), a bearing rotating shaft (1-6) and a rotary table motor (1-10); the outer circle surface of the rotary table motor (1-10) and the inner circle surface of the rotary table base (1-1) are installed in an interference mode, the rotary table motor (1-10) is sleeved on the bearing rotating shaft (1-6) to drive the bearing rotating shaft (1-6) to rotate, a working table surface (1-4) used for installing the coarse feeding component (3) is installed on the top surface of the bearing rotating shaft (1-6), and the radial bearing stator (1-5) is sleeved on the outer circle surface of the bearing rotating shaft (1-6) to support the bearing rotating shaft (1-6) and is placed on the top surface of the rotary table base (1-1).

8. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 7, characterized in that: the hydrostatic pressure rotary table component (1) further comprises throttles (1-11), concave oil grooves are formed in the upper surface, the lower surface and the inner circular surface of the radial bearing stator (1-5), a throttling hole is formed in the center of each oil groove, one throttler (1-11) is embedded in each throttling hole, and the upper surface of each throttler (1-11) and the inner surface of each oil groove are located on the same plane.

9. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 8, characterized in that: the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1) further comprises a shell (1-2), a sealing ring (1-3) and an axial bearing thrust plate (1-12); the shell (1-2) is sleeved on the outer side of the radial bearing stator (1-5), a sealing ring (1-3) is arranged between the shell (1-2) and the radial bearing stator (1-5), the lower end of the shell (1-2) is sleeved on the outer side of the rotary table base (1-1), the upper end of the shell (1-2) is inserted into the concave-convex clearance on the bottom surface of the working table top (1-4), and the axial bearing thrust plate (1-12) is sleeved on the bearing rotating shaft (1-6) and is arranged below the radial bearing stator (1-5).

10. The micro-feeding device for uniformly removing the tip material of the circular-arc-edge diamond cutter according to claim 9, characterized in that: the hydrostatic pressure rotary table part (1) also comprises a circular grating (1-7), a reading head (1-8) and a reading head bracket (1-9); the round grating (1-7) is sleeved on the bearing rotating shaft (1-6), and the reading head (1-8) is arranged close to the round grating (1-7) and is installed on the turntable base (1-1) through the reading head support (1-9).

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