CN112188902A - 用于前药和缀合物的经修饰的自消灭部分以及使用和制造方法 - Google Patents
用于前药和缀合物的经修饰的自消灭部分以及使用和制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
由式(I)表示的化合物
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2018年5月29日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/677307的根据35U.S.C.§119(e)的权益;将所述临时申请的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
本公开文本涉及用于前药和缀合物的酶促活化的自消灭部分,其已被修饰以调节其酶促活化。
有时希望将肽与生物活性分子附接,以暂时阻断后者的活性,直到暴露于蛋白酶将肽键切割并且以其未阻断的活性形式将其释放。生物活性分子可以是小分子药物或生物制品,诸如抗体。
如果肽直接附接至生物活性分子,则由于空间或其他原因,后者可能干扰蛋白酶切割肽键的能力。如果这样,则可以在肽与生物活性分子之间插入自消灭(SI)部分。常用的SI部分是对氨基苄氧基羰基(PABC)基团,其作用方式在下面描绘,其中生物活性分子是通式D-NH2的含胺分子,P是在虚线(a)处可被蛋白酶切割的肽,并且Y是任选存在的部分,所述部分可以发挥不同的功能,如下所讨论。
在虚线(a)处肽P的蛋白酶切割产生中间体C,中间体C不稳定并且自发地经受自消灭反应(在机理上为1,6-消除)和脱羧以释放D-NH2。PABC基团在D与P之间提供了空间分离,以防止前者干扰蛋白酶的作用,但也经结构改造使得其本身不干扰。参见Carl等人1981a和Doronina等人2008。关于对SI部分作为间隔基的用途的一般讨论,还参见Alouane等人。
在一种变化中,生物活性分子可以是通过类似机理释放的D-OH,即醇而不是胺。在D-OH是足够好的离去基团的情况下,SI部分可以简化为对氨基苄醇(PABA)基团,所述PABA基团通过相同的1,6-消除反应而自消灭,但不存在脱羧。
式(A)的一个实施方案是抗体-药物缀合物(“ADC”,也称为免疫缀合物),用于将D-NH2靶向递送至预期作用的位点,诸如肿瘤。如果这样,则Y表示抗体,并且D-NH2同义地称为治疗剂、弹头或有效载荷。对于抗癌治疗,选择抗体Y使得其抗原为肿瘤相关抗原-即由癌细胞唯一或优先表达的抗原-使得抗体Y用作将ADC引导至癌症位点的靶向剂。
如果抗原位于癌细胞的表面上,则通过ADC与其结合经常导致通过内吞作用将抗原-ADC复合物内化到靶细胞中。ADC最终找到其进入诸如溶酶体的细胞器的途径。肽P的序列是作为溶酶体蛋白酶的选择性底物的序列。蛋白酶对其切割释放出D-NH2。当ADC在血流中循环时,D-NH2无活性,因为它保持与抗体附接,并且肽P不是血液中存在的蛋白酶的底物。关于ADC的综述,参见Gerber等人2013。
在另一个实施方案中,(A)可以是前药,其中D-NH2由于其与PABC基团连接而保持无活性。如果PABC基团和肽P本身足以阻断D-NH2的活性,则Y可以不存在。否则,Y可以存在以提供额外的阻断作用,在这种情况下,Y被称为阻断部分。由于Y不执行靶向功能,因此在预期作用的位点处D-NH2的选择性释放依赖于设计肽P,使得与在其他地方的组织或在血液中相比,它被主要存在于所述位点处的酶选择性地切割。
典型地,PABC或PABA部分中的芳族环是未经取代的1,4-亚苯基环,如上所示。然而,公开了经取代的环。已经陈述了吸电子基团可以加速1,6-消除反应。参见例如Boyd等人2010,Burke等人2017,Carl等人1981b,McDonagh等人2007,Senter等人2006,和Szczepanik等人2014。
还已经公开了SI部分,其中芳族环是也可以经受1,6-消除反应的任选经取代的五元或六元杂环。参见例如Feng 2008和2011。
还已知其中1,6-消除反应由除肽键切割外的反应触发的SI部分。其他触发反应可以是通常由酶介导的葡糖苷酸部分的切割、硼酸酯的水解、硼酸酯的水解、硝基到胺的还原、和叠氮化物基团到胺的还原。关于对多样SI部分及其特性的综述,参见Alouane等人2015。对于非PABC或-PABA SI部分的具体公开,参见例如Jeffrey 2011,Jeffrey等人2006,Kim等人2016,Machida等人2016,Major等人2011和Zhang等人2015。
亲水基团已附接至PABC基团的苄基位置以改进溶解性。Lin等人2016。
本说明书的结尾处列出了通过第一作者或发明人和年份在本文中引用的全部文献。
发明内容
存在这样的情况,其中希望调节肽-PABC键的蛋白水解易感性以防止被除预期的活化蛋白酶外的蛋白酶切割或调节活化蛋白酶释放生物活性分子的速率。
为了使ADC或前药有效,肽P的切割不应过早发生,例如当ADC或前药在血液系统中循环时。对于内化的ADC,肽P可以设计成使得被溶酶体酶特异性切割,其中组织蛋白酶B是优选的溶酶体酶。参见Dubowchik等人1998a、1998b和2002以及Firestone等人2001。
对于前药,所述酶可以是与健康组织相比在患病组织的细胞外环境中更丰富存在的酶,诸如蛋白裂解酶或基质金属蛋白酶。难以实现绝对选择性,因为血液含有其自身的蛋白酶补体,对其而言P可以是底物。
在ADC或前药候选物的临床前评估中,首先评估其在人血清中的稳定性。如果它表现出必要的稳定性,则它会成为用于在动物模型中进一步临床前评估的可行候选物,出于权宜原因,所述动物模型通常是小鼠模型,因为与使用灵长类动物或大型啮齿类动物的模型相比,它需要更少候选材料并且执行成本更低。另外,小鼠血清酯酶活性通常高于人血清的酯酶活性,使得可以预期在小鼠血清中稳定的ADC在人血清中是稳定的。
小鼠血清中的蛋白酶补体不同于人血清中的蛋白酶补体,意味着在人血清中稳定的ADC或前药不能假定为在小鼠血清中是稳定的。因此,测试候选ADC或前药在小鼠血清中的稳定性也重要。如果在那里不稳定,那么小鼠模型无法提供信息:人员无法判断功效不足或毒性副作用的发生是否可归因于药物在血流中时的过早释放或ADC本身的不稳定性。
组织蛋白酶-特别是组织蛋白酶B-是ADC中优选的溶酶体活化酶,因为作为其底物的肽序列不是人血清中存在的蛋白酶的底物。然而,已经观察到,设计用于被组织蛋白酶B切割的一些ADC尽管在人血清中是稳定的,但是由于其中所含的羧酸酯酶C1的作用而在小鼠血清中是不稳定的。Dorywalska等人2016。这样的不稳定性妨碍小鼠模型的使用,使得难以在动物模型中评估药物候选化合物。
我们已经发现,PABC基团上位于苄氧基羰基邻位的某些取代基可以调节与其附接的肽部分对蛋白酶切割的易感性,从而防止其被不作为预期的活化蛋白酶的蛋白酶切割或减慢被预期的活化蛋白酶切割的速率。特别地,具有邻位取代基的SI部分在人血清中保持其稳定性并且在小鼠血清中显示出改进的稳定性,但仍易于被组织蛋白酶B切割。
在一个实施方案中,提供了一种由式(I)表示的化合物
其中
R1是C1-C5烷基、N3、OH、SH、ONH2、NH2、CO2H、
R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸;
n是2、3、4或5;
R3是O、NH、
L是式L-R3H的生物活性分子的残基;并且
X是间隔基。
式(I)的化合物可以用于制造ADC,使用反应性R1基团(诸如作为举例但不限于NH2)与抗体缀合。因此,在另一个实施方案中,提供了一种由式(II)表示的缀合物:
其中
Ab是抗体,
R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸;
n是2、3、4或5;
R3是O、NH、
R5是
其中与Ab键合的化合价位置由星号表示,并且与X键合的化合价位置由波浪线表示;
L是式L-R3H的生物活性分子的残基;并且
X是间隔基。
优选地,式(I)或(II)中的R4是
苯基或C3-C6环烷基任选地被F、Cl、CN、NO2、或C1-C3烷基取代。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了一种制造由式(II)表示的缀合物的方法,其包括将抗体Ab与式(I)的化合物缀合。
附图说明
图1示出了用本发明化合物制造的ADC在动物模型中对间皮瘤的功效。
图2A和图2B组合示出了用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案A。
图3A、图3B和图3C组合示出了用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案B。
图4示出了用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案C。
图5示出了用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案D。
具体实施方式
定义
“抗体”意指完整抗体及其任何抗原结合片段(即“抗原结合部分”)或单链变体。完整抗体是包含通过二硫键相互连接的至少两条重(H)链和两条轻(L)链的蛋白质。每条重链包含重链可变区(VH)和包含三个结构域CH1、CH2和CH3的重链恒定区。每条轻链包含轻链可变区(VL或Vk)和包含一个单结构域的轻链恒定区CL。VH区和VL区可以进一步细分为高变性区域,称为互补决定区(CDR),散布有较保守的框架区(FR)。每个VH和VL包含三个CDR和四个FR,按以下顺序从氨基末端到羧基末端排列:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、和FR4。可变区含有与抗原相互作用的结合结构域。恒定区可以介导抗体与宿主组织或因子的结合,所述宿主组织或因子包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如,效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一组分(Clq)。如果抗体以5x10-8M或更小、更优选1x10-8M或更小、更优选6x10-9M或更小、更优选3x10-9M或更小、甚至更优选2x10-9M或更小的KD与抗原X结合,则认为所述抗体“特异性结合至”抗原X。抗体可以是嵌合的、人源化的、或优选是人的。重链恒定区可以经工程化以影响糖基化类型或程度,以延长抗体的半衰期、增强或减少与效应细胞或补体系统的相互作用、或调节一些其他特性。工程化可以通过替换、添加或缺失一个或多个氨基酸或通过用来自另一种免疫球蛋白类型的结构域替换结构域或前述的组合来完成。
抗体的“抗原结合片段”和“抗原结合部分(”或简单地,“抗体部分”或“抗体片段”)意指抗体的保留与抗原特异性结合的能力的一个或多个片段。已经显示,抗体的抗原结合功能可以通过全长抗体的片段来执行,所述片段诸如(i)Fab片段,为由VL、VH、CL和CH1结构域组成的单价片段;(ii)F(ab')2片段,为包含在铰链区通过二硫桥连接的两个Fab片段的二价片段;(iii)Fab’片段,其实质上是具有铰链区的一部分的Fab(参见例如Abbas等人,Cellular and Molecular Immunology,第6版,Saunders Elsevier 2007);(iv)由VH结构域和CH1结构域组成的Fd片段;(v)由抗体的单臂的VL结构域和VH结构域组成的Fv片段,(vi)dAb片段(Ward等人,(1989)Nature 341:544-546),其由VH结构域组成;(vii)分离的互补决定区(CDR);和(viii)纳米抗体,为含有单个可变结构域和两个恒定结构域的重链可变区。优选的抗原结合片段是Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fv、和Fd片段。此外,尽管Fv片段的两个结构域VL和VH是由单独的基因编码的,但是它们可以使用重组方法通过合成接头进行连接,所述合成接头将它们制成单个蛋白质链,在所述单个蛋白质链中VL区和VH区配对形成单价分子(称为单链Fv或scFv);参见例如Bird等人(1988)Science 242:423-426;和Huston等人(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883)。此类单链抗体也被涵盖在术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”范围内。
除非另有指示-例如参考SEQ ID NO:列表中的线性编号-否则对抗体重链或轻链可变区(VH或VL)中氨基酸位置的编号的提及是根据Kabat系统的(Kabat等人,“Sequencesof proteins of immunological interest,第5版,出版号91-3242,U.S.Dept.Health&Human Services,NIH,马里兰州贝塞斯达,1991,在下文中为“Kabat”),并且对抗体重链或轻链恒定区(CH1、CH2、CH3、或CL)中氨基酸位置的编号的提及是根据如Kabat中阐述的EU索引的。参见Lazar等人,US 2008/0248028 A1,将其公开内容通过引用并入本文,例如此类使用。此外,ImMunoGeneTics信息系统(IMGT)在其网站上提供了标题为“IMGT ScientificChart:Correspondence between C Numberings”的表,其示出了对于重链恒定区,其编号系统EU编号与Kabat编号之间的对应关系。
“分离的抗体”意指基本上不含具有不同抗原特异性的其他抗体的抗体(例如,特异性结合抗原X的分离的抗体基本上不含特异性结合除抗原X外的抗原的抗体)。然而,特异性结合抗原X的分离的抗体可以与其他抗原(诸如来自其他物种的抗原X分子)具有交叉反应性。在某些实施方案中,分离的抗体特异性结合至人抗原X并且不与其他(非人)抗原X抗原交叉反应。此外,分离的抗体可以基本上不含其他细胞材料和/或化学物。
“单克隆抗体”或“单克隆抗体组合物”意指具有单一分子组成的抗体分子制剂,其对特定表位显示出单一结合特异性和亲和力。
“人抗体”意指具有可变区的抗体,其中框架区和CDR区(以及恒定区,如果存在的话)均源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列。人抗体可以包括随后的修饰,包括天然修饰或合成修饰。人抗体可以包括不由人种系免疫球蛋白序列编码的氨基酸残基(例如,通过体外随机或位点特异性诱变或通过体内体细胞突变引入的突变)。然而,“人抗体”不包括其中源自另一种哺乳动物物种(诸如小鼠)的种系的CDR序列已经被移植到人框架序列上的抗体。
“人单克隆抗体”意指显示出单一结合特异性的具有可变区的抗体,其中框架区和CDR区均源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列。在一个实施方案中,人单克隆抗体是由杂交瘤产生的,所述杂交瘤包括与永生化细胞融合的获自具有包含人重链转基因和轻链转基因的基因组的转基因非人动物(例如转基因小鼠)的B细胞。
“脂族”意指直链或支链的饱和或不饱和的非芳族烃部分,其具有指定数目的碳原子(例如,如在“C3脂族”、“C1-5脂族”、“C1-C5脂族”、或“C1至C5脂族”中,后三个术语与具有从1至5个碳原子的脂族部分同义)或者在未明确指定碳原子数目的情况下从1至4个碳原子(在不饱和脂族部分的情况下2至4个碳)。类似的理解适用于其他类型中的碳数目,如在C2-4烯烃,C4-C7脂环族等中。以类似的方式,诸如“(CH2)1-3”的术语应理解为对下标是1、2或3的简写,使得此类术语表示CH2、CH2CH2、和CH2CH2CH2。
“烷基”意指饱和脂族部分,其中用于指定碳原子数目的相同约定是可适用的。作为说明,C1-C4烷基部分包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、1-丁基、2-丁基等。“亚烷基”意指烷基的二价对应物,诸如CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2、和CH2CH2CH2CH2。
“烯基”意指具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂族部分,其中用于指定碳原子数目的相同约定是可适用的。作为说明,C2-C4烯基部分包括但不限于乙烯基(ethenyl)(乙烯基(vinyl))、2-丙烯基(烯丙基或丙-2-烯基)、顺式-1-丙烯基、反式-1-丙烯基、E-(或Z-)2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基(丁-1,3-二烯基)等。
“炔基”意指具有至少一个碳-碳三键的脂族部分,其中用于指定碳原子数目的相同约定是可适用的。作为说明,C2-C4炔基包括乙炔基(ethynyl)(乙炔基(acetylenyl))、炔丙基(丙-2-炔基)、1-丙炔基、丁-2-炔基等。
“脂环族”意指具有从1至3个环的饱和或不饱和非芳族烃部分,每个环具有从3至8个(优选从3至6个)碳原子。“环烷基”意指其中每个环饱和的脂环族部分。“环烯基”意指其中至少一个环具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂环族部分。“环炔基”意指其中至少一个环具有至少一个碳-碳三键的脂环族部分。作为说明,脂环族部分包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基、和金刚烷基。优选的脂环族部分是环烷基部分,尤其是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。“环亚烷基”意指环烷基的二价对应物。
“杂环脂族”意指这样的脂环族部分,其中在其至少一个环中,多达三个(优选1至2个)碳已被独立地选自N、O或S的杂原子替代,其中N和S任选地可以被氧化并且N任选可以被季铵化。优选的脂环族部分由一个大小为5至6元的环组成。类似地,“杂环烷基”、“杂环烯基”和“杂环炔基”分别意指其中其至少一个环已被如此修饰的环烷基、环烯基或环炔基部分。示例性杂环脂族部分包括吖丙啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、1,3-二噁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、四氢噻喃基砜、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、硫代吗啉基亚砜、硫代吗啉基砜、1,3-二氧戊环基、四氢-1,1-二氧代噻吩基、1,4-二噁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基等。“杂环亚烷基”意指杂环烷基的二价对应物。
“烷氧基”、“芳氧基”、“烷硫基”和“芳硫基”分别意指-O(烷基)、-O(芳基)、-S(烷基)、和-S(芳基)。例子分别是甲氧基、苯氧基、甲硫基和苯硫基。
除非指示较窄的含义,否则“卤素”或“卤代”意指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“芳基”意指具有单环、双环或三环环系(优选单环)的烃部分,其中每个环具有从3至7个碳原子,并且至少一个环是芳族的。环系中的环可以彼此稠合(如在萘基中)或彼此键合(如在联苯基中),并且可以与非芳族环稠合或键合(如在茚满基或环己基苯基中)。作为进一步说明,芳基部分包括但不限于苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、茚满基、联苯基、菲基、蒽基、和苊基。“亚芳基”意指芳基的二价对应物,例如1,2-亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基或1,4-亚苯基。
“杂芳基”意指具有单环、双环或三环环系(优选5至7元单环)的部分,其中每个环具有从3至7个碳原子,并且至少一个环是含有从1至4个独立地选自N、O或S的杂原子的芳族环,其中N和S任选地可以被氧化并且N任选地可以被季铵化。这样的至少一个含有杂原子的芳族环可以与其他类型的环稠合(如在苯并呋喃基或四氢异喹啉基中)或直接键合至其他类型的环(如在苯基吡啶基或2-环戊基吡啶基中)。作为进一步说明,杂芳基部分包括吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基(thiophenyl)(噻吩基(thienyl))、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、N-氧代吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉炔基(isoquinolynyl)、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基(quinozalinyl)、萘啶基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、吩噻嗪基(phenothiazolyl)、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、二苯并呋喃基、咔唑基、二苯并噻吩基、吖啶基等。“杂亚芳基”意指杂芳基的二价对应物。
在表明部分可以被取代(诸如通过使用如在“未经取代或经取代的C1-C5烷基”或“任选经取代的杂芳基”中的短语“未经取代或经取代的”或“任选经取代的”)的情况下,这样的部分可以具有一个或多个独立选择的取代基,优选数目为1至5、更优选数目为1或2。考虑到取代基所附接的部分,本领域普通技术人员可以选择取代基和取代模式,以提供化学上稳定的并且可以通过本领域已知的技术以及本文阐述的方法合成的化合物。在部分被鉴定为“未经取代或经取代的”或“任选经取代的”的情况下,在优选的实施方案中,这样的部分是未经取代的。
“芳基烷基”、“(杂环脂族)烷基”、“芳基烯基”、“芳基炔基”、“联芳基烷基”等意指被芳基、杂环脂族、联芳基等(视情况而定)取代的烷基、烯基或炔基部分(视情况而定),其中开放的(未满足的)化合价在烷基、烯基或炔基部分上,例如如在苄基、苯乙基、N-咪唑基乙基、N-吗啉代乙基等中。相反,“烷基芳基”、“烯基环烷基”等意指被烷基、烯基等部分(视情况而定)取代的芳基、环烷基等部分(视情况而定),例如如在甲基苯基(甲苯基)或烯丙基环己基中。“羟基烷基”、“卤代烷基”、“烷基芳基”、“氰基芳基”等意指被一个或多个鉴定的取代基(羟基、卤代等,视情况而定)取代的烷基、芳基等部分(视情况而定)。
例如,允许的取代基包括但不限于烷基(尤其是甲基或乙基)、烯基(尤其是烯丙基)、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、脂环族、杂环脂族、卤代(尤其是氟)、卤代烷基(尤其是三氟甲基)、羟基、羟基烷基(尤其是羟乙基)、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)(尤其是-OCF3)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、-O(芳基)、烷硫基、芳硫基、=O、=NH、=N(烷基)、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(环烷基)、-S(=O)烷基、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)、-SO2N(烷基)2等。
在被取代的部分是脂族部分的情况下,优选的取代基是芳基、杂芳基、脂环族、杂环脂族、卤代、羟基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、-O(芳基)、烷硫基、芳硫基、=O、=NH、=N(烷基)、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(=O)烷基、-S(环烷基)、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)、和-SO2N(烷基)2。更优选的取代基是卤代、羟基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(芳基)、=O、=NOH、=NO(烷基)、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、和-NHC(=NH)NH2。尤其优选的是苯基、氰基、卤代、羟基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、O(C2-C4亚烷基)OH、和O(C2-C4亚烷基)卤代。
在被取代的部分是脂环族、杂环脂族、芳基、或杂芳基部分的情况下,优选的取代基是烷基、烯基、炔基、卤代、卤代烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-O(卤代烷基)、-O(芳基)、-O(环烷基)、-O(杂环烷基)、烷硫基、芳硫基、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、叠氮基、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NH(羟基烷基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、-OSO2(烷基)、-SH、-S(烷基)、-S(芳基)、-S(环烷基)、-S(=O)烷基、-SO2(烷基)、-SO2NH2、-SO2NH(烷基)、和-SO2N(烷基)2。更优选的取代基是烷基、烯基、卤代、卤代烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、-O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)(烷基)、-C(=O)H、-CO2H、-C(=O)NHOH、-C(=O)O(烷基)、-C(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(烷基)、-C(=O)N(烷基)2、-OC(=O)(烷基)、-OC(=O)(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)O(烷基)、-OC(=O)O(羟基烷基)、-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NH(烷基)、-OC(=O)N(烷基)2、-NH2、-NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)2、-NH(芳基)、-NHC(=O)(烷基)、-NHC(=O)H、-NHC(=O)NH2、-NHC(=O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(=O)N(烷基)2、和-NHC(=NH)NH2。尤其优选的是C1-C4烷基、氰基、硝基、卤代、和C1-C4烷氧基。
在陈述范围的情况下(如在“C1-C5烷基”或“5%至10%”中),这样的范围包括所述范围的端点,如在第一实例中的C1和C5以及在第二实例中的5%和10%。
除非特别指示特定的立体异构体(例如,通过在结构式中的相关立体中心处的加粗或虚线键,通过在结构式中将双键描绘为具有E或Z构型,或通过使用立体化学指定的命名法),否则作为纯化合物及其混合物的所有立体异构体包括在本发明的范围内。除非另有指示,否则单独的对映体、非对映体、几何异构体及其组合和混合物均被本发明涵盖。
本领域技术人员应认识到,化合物可以具有互变异构体形式(例如,酮和烯醇形式)、共振形式和两性离子形式,所述形式等效于在本文使用的结构式中描绘的那些,并且结构式涵盖此类互变异构体形式、共振形式或两性离子形式。
“药学上可接受的酯”意指在体内(例如,在人体中)水解产生母体化合物或其盐或本身具有与母体化合物相似的活性的酯。合适的酯包括C1-C5烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基酯,尤其是甲基、乙基或正丙基。
“药学上可接受的盐”意指适用于药物配制品的化合物的盐。在化合物具有一个或多个碱性基团的情况下,所述盐可以是酸加成盐,诸如硫酸盐、氢溴酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、马来酸盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、帕莫酸盐(pamoate)(扑酸盐(embonate))、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐、盐酸盐、乳酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、富马酸盐、苯甲酸盐、琥珀酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、辛二酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐等。在化合物具有一个或多个酸性基团的情况下,所述盐可以是诸如以下的盐:钙盐、钾盐、镁盐、葡甲胺盐、铵盐、锌盐、哌嗪盐、氨丁三醇盐、锂盐、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、4-苯基环己胺盐、苯乍生盐、钠盐、四甲基铵盐等。多晶型形式和溶剂化物也涵盖在本发明的范围内。
在本说明书的式中,在其两个碳之间横穿芳族或杂芳族环的键意指附接至所述键的基团可以位于所述芳族或杂芳族环的任何位置,所述任何位置是通过除去隐含地在那里的氢而变得可用的。作为说明,式
在其他说明中,
并且
通常,出于一致性和方便性的考虑,使互变异构体结构在本文中呈烯醇形式。
本领域技术人员应认识到,也可以使它们呈等效的酮形式并且两种互变异构体等效。
化合物
我们已经发现,将取代基R4置于PABC部分中的苄氧基羰基的邻位上会显著抑制在肽与经取代的PABC基团之间的键在小鼠血清中切割,但不显著抑制相同的键被组织蛋白酶B切割,如通过下面呈现的数据所证明。因此,本文公开的化合物可以与适于在小鼠模型中评估的抗体缀合。
对于显著抑制前述键被小鼠血清切割,我们意指在下面实施例部分中描述的条件下24h后存在10%或更少切割、优选6%或更少切割。相反,对于不显著抑制前述键被组织蛋白酶B切割,我们意指在下面实施例部分中描述的条件下24h后存在90%或更多切割。
在式(I)中,优选地R1是H、CH3、NH2、N3、
其中尤其优选的是NH2和
在式(I)和(II),优选地R3是NH、
尤其优选的R3是NH、
在式(I)和(II)中,R4优选是
苯基或C3-C6环烷基任选地被F、Cl、CN、NO2、或C1-C3烷基取代。
R4更优选是
其中y是4、8、12、或24。
优选地,在式(I)和(II)中,R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自缬氨酸(Val)、谷氨酸(Glu)、瓜氨酸(Cit)、赖氨酸(Lys)、丙氨酸(Ala)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、精氨酸(Arg)、和甘氨酸(Gly)。
优选地,在式(I)和(II)中,肽基团
是可被组织蛋白酶B切割但在人血清中稳定的肽基团。此类肽基团的例子包括(在N-到-C方向上列举):Val-Cit、Glu-Val-Cit、Phe-Lys、Phe-Arg、Val-Lys、Ala-Lys、Phe-Phe-Lys、Gly-Phe-Lys、Val-Ala、Ala-Val-Cit、和Val-Gly。
因为肽
在N-到-C(氨基-到-羧基)方向上定向,间隔基X将肽的N末端连接至R1。典型地,X包含与肽的N末端形成酰胺键的羰基,但是X可以替代地连接至在末端氨基酸的侧链上的官能团,诸如Glu或Asp羧基。在R1是烷基的情况下,X可以简单地是羰基(C=O)。X的其他实施方案是:
其中x是从2至24的整数(包括端值),优选2、4或8。
在一个实施方案中,式(I)的化合物由式(Ia)表示:
(在式(I)的背景下的R1、X、R2和R4的上述参考也适用于式(Ia)。)
在式(Ia)中,对应于L-R3H的生物活性分子是8-氨基甲基尤西拉霉素(8-aminomethyluncialamycin)(Nicolaou等人,US 9,777,013 B2(2017)),天然产物尤西拉霉素(uncialamycin)的合成类似物(Davies等人,Org.Lett.2005,7(23),5233),它是具有抗肿瘤特性的细胞毒素。
根据式(Ia)的化合物的例子在表A中示出。
在另一个实施方案中,根据式(I)的化合物由式(Ib)表示:
(在式(I)的背景下的R1、X、R2、R3和R4的上述参考也适用于式(Ib)。)
在式(Ib)中,对应于L-R3H的生物活性分子是
这种类型的分子是Toll样受体7(TLR7)的激动剂。它们对TLR7的活化可以对疫苗和免疫治疗剂具有辅助作用。
根据式(Ib)的化合物的例子在表B中示出。
表C示出了如本文公开的在PABC基团中的苄氧基羰基的邻位上具有取代基的化合物在人血清和小鼠血清两者中均稳定(或在小鼠血清中具有改进的稳定性)但仍可被组织蛋白酶B切割的程度。相比之下,具有未经取代的PABC基团的两个对照(一个具有8-氨基甲基尤西拉霉素有效载荷(化合物A)并且一个具有TLR7激动剂有效载荷(化合物B))在小鼠血清中均不稳定。
缀合物
根据基团R1的身份,可以以多种方式由抗体和式(I)的化合物制备式(II)的缀合物。
在R1是OH基团的情况下,可以将其用抗体上的羧基(例如,在所述抗体的天冬氨酸或谷氨酸侧链上或重链或轻链的C末端处)酯化。
在R1是CO2H基团的情况下,可以将其用抗体上的OH基团(诸如在丝氨酸残基侧链中)酯化或者用抗体上的氨基(诸如赖氨酸侧链)酰胺化。
在R1是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯的情况下
它在功能上是活化的羧基,并且可以通过与抗体中的氨基(例如,来自赖氨酸)反应而被酰胺化。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1是马来酰亚胺基团
所述来酰亚胺可以在迈克尔加成反应中与抗体上的SH基团(例如,来自半胱氨酸或来自对抗体进行的引入巯基官能团的化学修饰)缀合。
在抗体没有可用于缀合的半胱氨酸SH(大多数抗体半胱氨酸SH通过二硫键系结)的情况下,赖氨酸残基的侧链中的ε-氨基可以与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷或N-琥珀酰亚胺基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)丙酸酯(“SPDP”)反应以引入游离硫醇(-SH)基团-产生半胱氨酸替代物(如同就是),所述半胱氨酸替代物然后可以用于缀合。
典型地,达到2至3个硫醇/个抗体的硫醇化水平。对于代表性程序,参见Cong等人,US 8,980,824 B2(2015),将其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
在相反的安排中,可以将抗体用N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷甲酸酯(“SMCC”)或其磺化变体磺基-SMCC(两者均是可商购的)修饰以向其中引入马来酰亚胺基团。然后,可以用其中R1是SH的式(I)的化合物进行缀合。
可替代的缀合方法采用无铜“点击化学”,其中叠氮化物基团跨过应变的环辛炔加成以形成1,2,3-三唑环。参见例如Agard等人,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.2004,126,15046;Best,Biochemistry 2009,48,6571,将其公开内容通过引用并入本文。叠氮化物可以位于抗体上并且环辛炔可以位于式(I)的化合物上,或者反之亦然。优选的环辛炔基团是二苯并环辛炔(DIBO)。具有DIBO基团的各种试剂可从俄勒冈州尤金(Eugene)的Invitrogen/MolecularProbes获得。以下反应展示了针对其中DIBO基团与抗体(Ab)附接的实例的点击化学缀合:
又另一种缀合技术涉及将非天然氨基酸引入抗体中,其中所述非天然氨基酸提供了用于与药物部分中的反应性官能团缀合的官能团。例如,可以将非天然氨基酸对乙酰基苯丙氨酸结合到抗体或其他多肽中,如Tian等人,WO 2008/030612 A2(2008)中所教导。对乙酰基苯丙氨酸中的酮基可以经由与接头-药物部分上的羟基氨基形成肟而作为缀合位点。可替代地,可以将非天然氨基酸对叠氮基苯丙氨酸结合到抗体中以提供叠氮化物官能团,用于经由点击化学进行缀合,如上所讨论。也可以使用无细胞方法将非天然氨基酸结合到抗体或其他多肽中,如Goerke等人,US 2010/0093024 A1(2010)和Goerke等人,Biotechnol.Bioeng.2009,102(2),400-416中所教导。
在优选的实施方案中,R1是NH2,允许使用转谷氨酰胺酶进行缀合。
转谷氨酰胺酶(优选是来自茂原链霉菌(Streptomyces mobaraensis)的细菌转谷氨酰胺酶或BTG)在谷氨酰胺的侧链甲酰胺(胺受体)与亚烷基氨基(胺供体)之间形成酰胺键,所述亚烷基氨基可以是例如赖氨酸的ε-氨基或5-氨基-正戊基(Jeger等人,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,9995)。亚烷基氨基可以在式(I)的化合物上,其中R1是NH2。
谷氨酰胺残基在多肽链上的定位对其对BTG介导的转酰胺基作用的易感性具有很大影响。抗体上的谷氨酰胺残基通常都不是BTG底物。然而,如果抗体被去糖基化-糖基化位点是重链的天冬酰胺297(N297;根据如在Kabat等人,“Sequences of proteins ofimmunological interest”,第5版,出版号91-3242,U.S.Dept.Health&Human Services,NIH,马里兰州贝塞斯达,1991;下文为“Kabat”中阐述的EU索引的编号)-则使附近的谷氨酰胺295(Q295)对BTG易感。可以通过用PNGase F(肽-N-糖苷酶F)处理将抗体酶促地去糖基化。可替代地,可以通过在恒定区中引入N297A突变以消除N297糖基化位点来合成无糖苷的抗体。此外,已显示N297Q取代不仅消除糖基化,而且还引入也作为胺受体的第二谷氨酰胺残基(在位置297处)。因此,在一个实施方案中,抗体是去糖基化的。在另一个实施方案中,抗体具有N297Q取代。本领域技术人员应认识到,通过合成后修饰或通过引入N297A突变进行的去糖基化产生两个BTG反应性谷氨酰胺残基/个抗体(每条重链一个,在位置295处),而具有N297Q取代的抗体将具有四个BTG反应性谷氨酰胺残基(每条重链两个,在位置295和297处)。
还可以通过向其中引入含有谷氨酰胺的肽或“tag”使抗体对BTG介导的缀合易感,如例如在Pons等人,US 2013/0230543 A1(2013)和Rao-Naik等人,WO 2016/144608 A1中教导的。
在互补方法中,可以通过以下方式改变BTG的底物特异性:改变其氨基酸序列,使得它能够与未经修饰的抗体中的谷氨酰胺295反应,如在Rao-Naik等人,WO 2017/059158A1(2017)中所教导。
虽然最常可用的细菌转谷氨酰胺酶是来自茂原链霉菌(S.mobaraensis)的转谷氨酰胺酶,但是可以考虑具有稍微不同的底物特异性的来自其他细菌的转谷氨酰胺酶,诸如来自拉达卡轮枝链霉菌(Streptoverticillium ladakanum)的转谷氨酰胺酶(Hu等人,US2009/0318349 A1(2009)、US 2010/0099610 A1(2010)和US 2010/0087371 A1(2010))。
优选地,在式(II)的缀合物中,R5是
许多不同的抗体可以与式(I)的化合物缀合。优选地,抗体是针对肿瘤相关抗原的抗体,允许选择性靶向癌细胞。此类抗原的例子包括:间皮素、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、CD19、CD22、CD30、CD70、B7H3、B7H4(也称为O8E)、蛋白酪氨酸激酶7(PTK7)、磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-3、RG1、岩藻糖基-GM1、CTLA-4、和CD44。抗体可以是动物的(例如,鼠)、嵌合的、人源化的、或优选是人的。抗体优选是单克隆的,尤其是单克隆人抗体。以下公开了针对前述一些抗原的人单克隆抗体的制备:Korman等人,US 8,609,816 B2(2013;B7H4,也称为08E;特别是抗体2A7、1G11、和2F9);Rao-Naik等人,8,097,703 B2(2012;CD19;特别是抗体5G7、13F1、46E8、21D4、21D4a、47G4、27F3、和3C10);King等人,US 8,481,683 B2(2013;CD22;特别是抗体12C5、19A3、16F7、和23C6);Keler等人,US 7,387,776 B2(2008;CD30;特别是抗体5F11、2H9、和17G1);Terrett等人,US 8,124,738 B2(2012;CD70;特别是抗体2H5、10B4、8B5、18E7、和69A7);Korman等人,US 6,984,720 B1(2006;CTLA-4;特别是抗体10D1、4B6、和1E2);Vistica等人,US 8,383,118 B2(2013,岩藻糖基-GM1,特别是抗体5B1、5B1a、7D4、7E4、13B8、和18D5);Korman等人,US 8,008,449 B2(2011;PD-1;特别是抗体17D8、2D3、4H1、5C4、4A11、7D3、和5F4);Huang等人,US 2009/0297438 A1(2009;PSMA,特别是抗体1C3、2A10、2F5、2C6);Cardarelli等人,US 7,875,278 B2(2011;PSMA;特别是抗体4A3、7F12、8C12、8A11、16F9、2A10、2C6、2F5、和1C3);Terrett等人,US 8,222,375 B2(2012;PTK7;特别是抗体3G8、4D5、12C6、12C6a、和7C8);Terrett等人,US 8,680,247 B2(2014;磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-3;特别是抗体4A6、11E7、和16D10);Harkins等人,US 7,335,748 B2(2008;RG1;特别是抗体A、B、C、和D);Terrett等人,US 8,268,970 B2(2012;间皮素;特别是抗体3C10、6A4、和7B1);Xu等人,US 2010/0092484 A1(2010;CD44;特别是抗体14G9.B8.B4、2D1.A3.D12、和1A9.A6.B9);Deshpande等人,US 8,258,266 B2(2012;IP10;特别是抗体1D4、1E1、2G1、3C4、6A5、6A8、7C10、8F6、10A12、10A12S、和13C4);Kuhne等人,US 8,450,464 B2(2013;CXCR4;特别是抗体F7、F9、D1、和E2);和Korman等人,US 7,943,743 B2(2011;PD-L1;特别是抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7、和13G4);将其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
实施例
通过参考以下实施例可以进一步理解本发明的实践,所述实施例是作为说明而非限制来提供的。
实施例后的表列出了本文使用的首字母缩略词和缩写及其含义。
实施例1-血清稳定性
使用以下程序测试接头在小鼠血清、大鼠血清或人血清中的血清稳定性。
将5μL文本化合物(在DMSO中0.5mM)单独地转移到含有120μl 1X磷酸盐缓冲盐水、小鼠血清、大鼠血清或人血清的单独管中。将样品在37℃下孵育0、1、2、4和24小时。在每个时间点之后,从样品中取出20μl等分试样,并且将其用60μl 75:25:0.1MeOH:乙腈:甲酸淬灭。淬灭后,将所有样品在-20℃下保持1小时,并且进一步在14000rpm下离心15min。将上清液转移至新鲜小瓶,并且储存在-20℃直至分析。
在与Agilent 1290UPLC连接的Agilent 6530Q-TOF质谱仪上使用LC-MS/MS分析样品。将3μL样品注射到维持在60℃的Waters BEH C18柱(2.1x50mm,1.7μm)上。使用在水中的0.1%甲酸和在乙腈中的0.1%甲酸的梯度以0.4mL/min的流速从柱上洗脱化合物。总运行时间为9.5min。
实施例2-组织蛋白酶B切割
以下程序用于测试组织蛋白酶B对接头的切割。
将7.5μL测试化合物(在DMSO中0.5mM)转移到含有135μl组织蛋白酶B缓冲液(25mM乙酸钠、1mM EDTA、1mM DTT,pH 5.5)的单独管中,并且通过添加7.5μl稀释的组织蛋白酶B酶(活化的,1.45μM,0.1单位)开始消化。将样品在37℃下孵育24h。24h后,取20μL等分试样,并且将其用80μL 75:25:0.1 MeOH:乙腈:甲酸淬灭。还包括阴性对照,其中不添加组织蛋白酶B。类似地消化对照化合物(下面的结构),并且作为阳性对照包括。淬灭后,将所有样品在-20℃下保持1h,并且进一步在14,000rpm下离心5min。按照前述实施例的程序,将上清液转移至新鲜管中并且放入UPLC自动进样器中进行分析。
在以上结构中,“Tub”表示微管溶素(tubulysin)类似物(Cheng等人,US 8,394,922 B2(2013)。缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(Val-Cit)二肽是组织蛋白酶B的已知底物。
实施例3-使用转谷氨酰胺酶制备缀合物
以下过程可以用于转谷氨酰胺酶介导的接头化合物缀合,其中接头具有可充当胺供体的胺基(例如,化合物Ia-02至Ia-12和Ib-01至Ib-04)。抗体可以是具有转谷氨酰胺酶反应性谷氨酰胺的抗体,例如具有N297A或N297Q取代的抗体。通过重组细菌转谷氨酰胺酶以5:1的抗体:酶比率进行缀合。使用标准方案在50mM Tris缓冲液(pH 8.0)中进行缀合,在37℃下孵育过夜。将所得缀合物在用50mM Tris(pH 8.0)预平衡的蛋白A柱上纯化。用0.1M柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH 3.5)洗脱缀合物。将洗脱的级分用1M Tris(pH 9.0)中和。可以将缀合物配制在20mg/mL山梨糖醇、10mg/mL甘氨酸(pH 5.0)中。
图1证实了在使用表达间皮素但不表达CD70的H226(间皮瘤)癌细胞的小鼠模型中,用如本文公开的经修饰的SI部分制造的ADC在抗癌治疗中是有效的。曲线图显示,与由配制缓冲液或用化合物(Ia-03)和抗CD70单克隆抗体(Terrett等人,US 8,124,738 B2(2012))制造的ADC组成的对照相比,用化合物(Ia-03)和抗间皮素单克隆抗体(Terrett等人,US 8,268,970 B2(2012))制造的ADC在35天后减小肿瘤体积。在抗CD70 ADC中,H226细胞不表达CD70抗原会阻止抗CD70抗体成为ADC的有效靶向剂。(抗间皮素和抗CD70两者均经N297A取代修饰,使其成为适用于转谷氨酰胺酶介导的缀合的胺受体。)
实施例4-通过马来酰亚胺迈克尔加成制备缀合物
这种通用程序基于通过使赖氨酸ε-氨基与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷反应将游离硫醇基团引入抗体,然后与含有马来酰亚胺的接头部分反应,诸如化合物Ia-01和Ib-05。最初,将抗体经缓冲液交换到含有50mM NaCl和2mM DTPA的0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.0)中,并且浓缩至5-10mg/m。通过向抗体添加2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷实现硫醇化。待添加的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷的量可以通过初步实验来确定并且因抗体而异。在初步实验中,向抗体中添加滴定递增量的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷,并且在室温下与抗体一起孵育1h后,使用SEPHADEXTM G-25柱将抗体脱盐至50mM HEPES、5mM甘氨酸、2mM DTPA(pH 5.5)中,并且通过与DTDP反应快速确定引入的硫醇基团的数目。硫醇基团与DTDP的反应导致硫代吡啶的释放,所述释放可以在324nm处通过光谱学方式监测。典型地使用蛋白质浓度为0.5-1.0mg/mL的样品。可以使用在280nm处的吸光度以准确确定样品中蛋白质的浓度,并且然后将每个样品的等分试样(0.9mL)与0.1mL DTDP(在乙醇中的5mM储备溶液)在室温下一起孵育10min。还同时孵育单独的缓冲液加DTDP的空白样品。10min后,测量在324nm处的吸光度,并且使用针对19,800M-1硫代吡啶的消光系数来定量硫醇基团的数目。
典型地,达到约2至3个硫醇基团/个抗体的硫醇化水平。例如,在一些抗体的情况下,这可以通过以下方式来实现:添加15倍摩尔过量的2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷,然后在室温下孵育1h。然后将抗体与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷以所希望的摩尔比率一起孵育,并且然后脱盐至缀合缓冲液(50mM HEPES、5mM甘氨酸、2mM DTPA,pH 5.5))中。将硫醇化的材料维持在冰上,同时如上所描述对引入的硫醇的数目进行定量。
在验证引入的硫醇的数目之后,以2.5倍摩尔过量/个硫醇添加药物-接头部分。允许在含有终浓度为25%的丙二醇和5%的海藻糖的缀合缓冲液中进行缀合反应。通常,将接头储备溶液溶解在100%DMSO中。将储备溶液直接添加到硫醇化的抗体中。
在温和搅拌下将缀合反应混合物在室温下孵育2h。然后将10倍摩尔过量的N-乙基马来酰亚胺(在DMSO中的100mM储备液)添加到缀合混合物中,并且搅拌另外一小时以封闭任何未反应的硫醇。然后将样品通过0.2μ过滤器过滤。通过TFF VivaFlow 50Sartorius 30MWCO PES膜将材料经缓冲液交换到10mg/mL甘氨酸、20mg/mL山梨糖醇、15%乙腈(pH 5.0)中(5X TFF缓冲液交换体积),以除去任何未反应的药物。通过TFF进行最终配制在20mg/mL山梨糖醇、10mg/mL甘氨酸(pH 5.0)中。
实施例5-小鼠模型测试
以下程序可以用于对图1中报告的类型进行小鼠模型测试。
将重悬于0.1mL磷酸盐缓冲盐水(“PBS”)加0.1mL基质胶中的癌细胞(在图1的实例中为H226间皮瘤)皮下植入SCID小鼠的侧腹区域。28天后开始肿瘤测量,并且将小鼠随机分成7只小鼠的组,每只小鼠具有大致相同的肿瘤尺寸(以通过肿瘤的LWH/2估计的mm3计;在图1的实例中为大约135mm3)。在肿瘤植入后29天,向小鼠腹膜内逐个给予测试缀合物。
实施例6-通过方案A合成化合物
此实施例和图1A-1B涉及用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案A,特别涉及化合物Ia-03。
化合物2.将6-氨基异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮1(1.0g,6.70mmol)和甲胺(在MeOH中2M,16.76mL,33.5mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的混合物搅拌3天。LCMS(M+H-H2O=163.0)显示存在开环产物。蒸发溶剂以获得呈无色糊状物的化合物2(定量产率)。
化合物3.向(S)-2-((S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基丁酰胺基)-5-脲基戊酸(Fmoc-Val-Cit,1.681g,3.39mmol)和化合物2(1.22g,6.77mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液中添加EEDQ(1.674g,6.77mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。LCMS(M+H-H2O=659.3)显示形成产物。将反应直接在使用40g硅胶的COMBIFLASHTM柱上并且用0-100%MeOH/DCM洗脱进行纯化以产生化合物3(53%产率)。
化合物4.向化合物3(206mg,0.313mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液中添加碳酸双(4-硝基苯基)酯(190mg,0.625mmol),然后添加DIEA(0.164mL,0.938mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌3h,然后LCMS(M+H=824.3)显示形成产物。将其直接注射到COMBIFLASHTM柱(40g硅胶)中,并且用0-100%MeOH/DCM洗脱以产生呈白色固体的化合物4(50%产率)。
化合物6.向化合物5(26mg,0.054mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液中添加化合物4(66.6mg,0.081mmol),然后添加2,6-二甲基砒啶(0.013mL,0.108mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌3h,然后LCMS(M+H=1167.3)显示反应完成,形成中间体加合物。将反应用饱和NaHCO3/EtOAc水溶液后处理,并且将加合物以粗品形式用于下一步骤。
向加合物(63.0mg,0.054mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液中添加DEA(0.056mL,0.540mmol)。30min后LCMS(M+H=945.4)显示反应完成。将反应混合物用DMSO(0.5mL)稀释,并且在具有XBridge制备型C18 5μm OBD 10x150mm柱的Shimadzu LC-20AP制备型HPLC上用0-95%H2O/乙腈(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化。将在11min时的含有产物的级分冻干以得到呈紫色固体的化合物6。
化合物7.将(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-5-(烯丙氧基)-5-氧代戊酸(FmocNH-O-alloc-Glu,38.1mg,0.093mmol)和化合物6(88mg,0.093mmol)的混合物用2,6-二甲基砒啶(0.033mL,0.279mmol)和HATU(70.8mg,0.186mmol)处理并且搅拌1h。LCMS(M+H=1279.6)显示形成加合物。将反应用EtOAc/饱和NaHCO3水溶液后处理,并且将加合物以粗品形式用于下一步骤。
向来自以上步骤的加合物中添加吗啉(0.016mL,0.186mmol),然后添加四钯(palladiumtetrakis)(10.76mg,9.31μmol),并且搅拌30min。LCMS(M+H=1240.0)显示除去了alloc基团。向此混合物中添加DEA(0.049mL,0.466mmol)并且搅拌30min,然后LCMS(M+H=1017.6)显示反应完成。将反应在反相COMBIFLASHTM柱(40g c-18)上用在乙腈(0.05%甲酸)中的0-100%水洗脱进行纯化以提供呈紫色固体的化合物7。
化合物Ia-03.将化合物7(10.2mg,9.50μmol)和1-(9H-芴-9-基)-3-氧代-2,7,10,13,16-五氧杂-4-氮杂十九烷-19-酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(FmocNH-PEG4-OSuc,5.55mg,9.50μmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液用2,6-二甲基砒啶(3.32μl,0.028mmol)处理并且搅拌3h。LCMS(M+H=1357.5)显示反应完成。向此反应中添加DEA(0.020mL,0.190mmol),然后搅拌30min,然后LCMS(M+H=1135.4)显示反应完成。将反应混合物用DMSO(0.5mL)稀释,并且在具有XBridge制备型C18 5mm OBD10x150mm柱的Shimadzu LC-20AP制备型HPLC上用0-95%H2O/乙腈(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化。将在11.5min时的含有产物的级分冻干以产生呈紫色固体的化合物Ia-03。
按照方案A(加上必要的变更),制备表D中的化合物:
实施例7-通过方案B合成化合物
此实施例和图3A-3C涉及用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案B,特别涉及化合物Ia-06和Ia-09。
化合物8.向6-氨基异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮1(1g,6.70mmol)在甲醇(1mL)中的溶液中添加乙烷-1,2-二胺(2.246mL,33.5mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h。LCMS(M+H-H2O=192.2)显示起始材料消失并且存在产物。通过蒸发除去溶剂和过量试剂,并且将粗品8用于下一步骤。
化合物9.向在0℃下的化合物8(1402mg,6.70mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的溶液中添加氯甲酸烯丙酯(0.715mL,6.70mmol)在THF(1mL)中的溶液。将反应搅拌1h,然后LCMS(M+H-H2O=276.2)显示形成产物。将反应通过添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭,并且用EtOAc萃取。将粗产物在40g硅胶柱上纯化,用在DCM中的0-100%MeOH洗脱以产生呈白色固体的化合物9。
化合物10.向(S)-2-((S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基丁酰胺基)-5-脲基戊酸(Fmoc-Val-Cit,242mg,0.488mmol)和化合物9(286mg,0.975mmol)在MeOH(2mL)中的溶液中添加EEDQ(241mg,0.975mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。LCMS(M+H=772.5)显示出新的峰。将反应物直接在使用40g硅胶的COMBIFLASHTM柱上用0-100%MeOH/DCM洗脱进行纯化以产生化合物10。
化合物11.向化合物10(102mg,0.132mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液中添加碳酸双(4-硝基苯基)酯(121mg,0.396mmol)和DIPEA(0.046mL,0.264mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌3h,然后LCMS(M+H=937.3)显示反应完成。在COMBIFLASHTM装置上在40g硅胶柱上用在DCM中的0-50%MeOH洗脱进行直接纯化产生呈白色固体的化合物11。
化合物12.将化合物11和化合物5(53.0mg,0.110mmol)的混合物搅拌过夜。LCMS(M+H=1110.4)显示反应完成,将其用饱和NaHCO3水溶液/EtOAc后处理并且干燥。向在DMF(5mL)中的此粗混合物中添加DEA(0.057mL,0.550mmol),然后搅拌30min。LCMS(M+H=888.1)显示反应完成。将产物直接注射到反相COMBIFLASHTM柱(150g C-18)中并且用在乙腈(0.05%甲酸)中的0-50%水洗脱以获得呈紫色固体的化合物12。
化合物13.向化合物12(150mg,0.142mmol)和1-(9H-芴-9-基)-3-氧代-2,7,10,13,16-五氧杂-4-氮杂十九烷-19-酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(FmocNH-PEG4-OSu,83mg,0.142mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液中添加2,6-二甲基砒啶(0.050mL,0.425mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌2h。LCMS(M+H=1528.7)显示出新的峰。将粗产物在反相combiflash上用0-100%乙腈/水(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化以产生呈紫色固体的希望产物。
将来自前一步骤的产物(5mg,0.037μmol)溶解于DMF(0.5mL)中,并且用苯基硅烷(0.775μl,6.28μmol)、然后用四钯(1.815mg,1.571μmol)处理。LCMS(M+H=1444.4)显示除去了alloc基团。将反应通过注射过滤器过滤,并且蒸发溶剂以给出化合物13。
化合物Ia-09.将8(4.8mg,3.14μmol)的溶液溶解于DMF(0.5mL)中,并且用2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-八氧二十六烷-26-酸(6.75mg,0.016mmol)、HATU(6.22mg,0.016mmol)和2,6-二甲基砒啶(4μL,0.033mmol)处理并且搅拌1h,然后进行胺的酰化。然后将粗反应用DEA(3.28μl,0.031mmol)处理。LCMS(M+H=1616.5)显示出Fmoc基团的脱保护。将粗产物直接注射到具有xBridge制备型C18 5μ19x150mm柱的Shimadzu制备型HPLC中并且用0-95%MeCN/H2O(0.1%FA)洗脱,并且将含有产物的级分冻干以提供呈紫色固体的化合物Ia-09(1.3mg,0.833μmol,26.5%产率)。
化合物14.将化合物12在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液用2,6-二甲基砒啶(10.24μl,0.088mmol)、然后用乙酸酐(2.76μl,0.029mmol)处理。5min后LCMS LCMS(M+H=1100.3)显示乙酰化完成。向此混合物中添加吗啉(5.10μl,0.059mmol),然后添加四钯(6.77mg,5.86μmol)并且搅拌1h。LCMS(M+H=1016.3)显示反应完成。将反应直接在使用50g C-18柱的反相COMBIFLASHTM单元上用0-50%水/乙腈(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化以产生呈紫色固体的化合物14。
化合物Ia-06.向化合物14(22mg,0.022mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液中添加1-(9H-芴-9-基)-3-氧代-2,7,10,13,16-五氧杂-4-氮杂十九烷-19-酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(12.66mg,0.022mmol)和2,6-二甲基砒啶(7.57μl,0.065mmol)。将反应搅拌1h,然后LCMS显示反应完成。添加二乙胺(0.011mL,0.108mmol),并且将反应混合物搅拌30min,然后LCMS(M+H=1363.3)显示形成产物。将反应用DMSO(0.5mL)稀释,并且在具有XBridge制备型C18 5μm OBD 10x150mm柱的Shimadzu LC-20AP制备型HPLC上用0-95%H2O/乙腈(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化。将含有产物的级分冻干以获得呈紫色固体的化合物Ia-06。
按照方案B(加上必要的变更),制备表E中的化合物:
实施例8-通过方案C合成化合物
此实施例和图4涉及用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案C,特别涉及化合物Ib-05。
化合物17.向化合物15(124mg,0.312mmol)和化合物16(310mg,0.312mmol)在DMF(2mL)/DMSO(2mL)中的混合物中添加DIPEA(0.164mL,0.937mmol)。将反应混合物在50℃下加热2h。LCMS(M+H=1251.2)显示反应完成。将碱蒸发,并且将粗产物在COMBIFLASHTM柱(80g硅胶)上用0-50%MeOH/DCM洗脱进行纯化以产生呈白色固体的化合物17。
化合物18.将化合物17(52mg,0.042mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)中的溶液用吗啉(7.23μl,0.083mmol)、然后用四钯(9.60mg,8.30μmol)处理。1h后LCMS显示除去了alloc基团。将此溶液用DEA(0.043mL,0.415mmol)处理。30min后,LCMS(M+H/2=495.9)显示反应完成。将粗产物直接注射到具有xBridge制备型C18 5mm 19x150mm柱的Shimadzu制备型HPLC中并且用0-95%乙腈/H2O(0.1%甲酸)洗脱。将含有产物的级分冻干以给出呈白色固体的化合物18。
化合物Ib-05.将化合物18(17mg,0.017mmol)和6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(MC-OSuc,5.29mg,0.017mmol)在DMF(0.5mL)/DMSO(0.5mL)中的溶液用2,6-二甲基砒啶(6.00μl,0.052mmol)处理并且在40℃下加热1h。LCMS(M+H=1183.3)显示反应完成。将粗产物直接注射到具有xBridge制备型C18 5mm19x150mm柱的Shimadzu制备型HPLC中并且用0-95%乙腈/H2O(0.1%甲酸)洗脱。将含有产物的级分冻干以给出15mg呈白色固体的化合物Ib-05。
化合物B也可以通过方案C(加上必要的变更)来合成(质谱(M+H),预期值:1182.5,观测值:1183.3)。
实施例9-通过方案D合成化合物
此实施例和图5涉及用于合成本文公开的化合物的方案D,特别涉及化合物Ib-01。
化合物21.将化合物20(575mg,0.604mmol)和化合物19(240mg,0.604mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液用DIPEA(0.316mL,1.811mmol)处理。在室温下搅拌3h后,LCMS(M+H=1211.0)显示反应完成。将碱蒸发,并且将粗产物在使用80g硅胶的COMBIFLASHTM柱上用0-50%MeOH/DCM洗脱进行纯化以产生呈淡黄色固体的化合物21。
化合物22.将化合物21(0.206g,0.170mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液用DEA(1mL)处理并且搅拌1h。将过量碱蒸发,并且将溶液用HATU(0.071g,0.187mmol)和1-(9H-芴-9-基)-3-氧代-2,7,10,13,16-五氧杂-4-氮杂十九烷-19-酸(0.083g,0.170mmol)的溶液和2,6-二甲基砒啶(0.059mL,0.510mmol)处理。搅拌30min后,LCMS(M+H=1458.4)显示反应完成。将反应在使用50g柱的反相COMBIFLASHTM单元上用0-100%乙腈/H2O(0.05%甲酸)洗脱进行纯化以得到化合物22。
化合物Ib-01.将化合物22(0.249g)的溶液用TFA(1mL)处理并且搅拌1h,然后LCMS(M+H=1358.1)显示除去了Boc保护基团。用V-10蒸发器蒸发TFA。
在小瓶中,将2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-八氧二十六烷-26-酸(0.070g,0.171mmol)溶解于DMF(0.5mL)中并且用HATU(0.078g,0.205mmol)和DIPEA(0.149mL,0.854mmol)处理并且搅拌20min。将此溶液用脱保护的化合物22处理并且搅拌30min,LCMS LCMS(M+H=1752.4)显示形成所希望的产物。
将此溶液用DEA(0.357mL,3.41mmol)处理。30min后LCMS(M+H=1529.3)显示形成化合物Ib-01。在V-10蒸发器中蒸发碱,并且将粗产物在使用50g C-18柱的反相COMBIFLASHTM单元上纯化并且用0-95%乙腈/H2O(0.1%甲酸)洗脱,并且将含有产物的级分冻干以给出化合物Ib-01(122mg,0.073mmol,43.0%产率)。
按照方案D(加上必要的变更),制备表F中的化合物:
前述具体实施方式包括主要或专门涉及本发明的特定部分或方面的段落。应当理解,这是为了清楚和方便,特定特征可能在不只是公开它的段落中是相关的,并且本文的公开内容包括在不同段落中找到的信息的所有适当组合。类似地,尽管本文中的各种附图和描述涉及本发明的具体实施方案,但是应当理解,在特定附图或实施方案的背景下公开了特定特征的情况下,也可以在另一个附图或实施方案的背景下、与另一个特征组合、或总体上在本发明中在适当的程度上使用这样的特征。
此外,尽管已经根据某些优选实施方案具体描述了本发明,但是本发明不限于此类优选实施方案。而是,本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。
首字母缩略词和缩写
这是本说明书中使用的首字母缩略词和缩写及其含义的列表。
参考文献
下面提供了在本说明书较早以缩写方式通过第一作者(或发明人)和日期引用的以下参考文献的完整引用。将这些参考文献的每一个出于所有目的通过引用并入本文。
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Claims (20)
1.一种由式(I)表示的化合物
其中
R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸;
n是2、3、4或5;
L是式L-R3H的生物活性分子的残基;并且
X是间隔基。
8.一种由式(II)表示的缀合物
其中
Ab是抗体,
R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸;
n是2、3、4或5;
R5是
其中与Ab键合的化合价位置由星号表示,并且与X键合的化合价位置由波浪线表示;
L是式L-R3H的生物活性分子的残基;并且
X是间隔基。
16.一种制造由式(II)表示的缀合物的方法,
其包括将抗体Ab与式(I)的化合物缀合
其中
Ab是抗体;
R2是氨基酸的侧链残基,所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、正亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸;
n是2、3、4或5;
R5是
其中与Ab键合的化合价位置由星号表示,并且与X键合的化合价位置由波浪线表示;
L是式L-R3H的生物活性分子的残基;并且
X是间隔基。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中R1是NH2。
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US10898578B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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MX2020012674A (es) | 2021-02-09 |
US20190365915A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
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IL278938A (en) | 2021-01-31 |
IL278938B2 (en) | 2024-09-01 |
JP7458997B2 (ja) | 2024-04-01 |
JP2021525724A (ja) | 2021-09-27 |
US20240165249A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
US20210113706A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
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