CN112151860A - Preparation method of porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for lithium battery - Google Patents
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- CN112151860A CN112151860A CN202011118437.7A CN202011118437A CN112151860A CN 112151860 A CN112151860 A CN 112151860A CN 202011118437 A CN202011118437 A CN 202011118437A CN 112151860 A CN112151860 A CN 112151860A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical group [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000614 phase inversion technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery, which comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving a polymer matrix in an organic solvent, adding inorganic nano silicon particles after a polymer is fully dissolved, and uniformly mixing to form nano silicon modified polymer slurry; 2) uniformly coating the slurry on a flat plate by using a film scraper, and drying to form a composite film; 3) corroding the composite membrane by using hydrofluoric acid to remove silicon particles in the composite membrane to obtain a porous polymer membrane with uniform pore size distribution; 4) and (3) immersing the dried polymer film into lithium salt electrolyte to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte film. The invention uses inorganic nano silicon as a template to obtain the ordered porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane with uniform pore size distribution, and the method has the characteristics of easy film formation, easy regulation and control of membrane pores, simple process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an electrolyte membrane, in particular to a preparation method of a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, small self-discharge, no memory effect, wide working temperature range, light weight, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like, and becomes a widely used electric energy storage product. The lithium ion battery mainly comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte as a key material of the lithium ion battery determines various macroscopic electrochemical properties of the battery, such as specific energy, service life, safety performance, charge and discharge performance, high and low temperature performance and the like. The liquid electrolyte system is widely applied to the field of batteries due to high conductivity and high response speed, but the liquid electrolyte system has high viscosity, is inflammable, has poor safety performance and is difficult to form a film, so that further application is limited. The conductivity of the all-solid polymer electrolyte is poor and is far away from the practical application requirement. To overcome this problem, gel electrolytes having a conductivity that meets the application requirements can be formed by adding a certain amount of liquid plasticizers and electrolyte salts to the solid electrolyte.
At present, the gel electrolyte is mainly prepared by a porous matrix phase transition-activation technology, namely, a porous polymer membrane with high liquid absorption rate is firstly prepared, and then the membrane is immersed into electrolyte to swell to form a gel phase. The gel electrolyte has strong mechanical property and high room-temperature conductivity (>10-3S/cm), and the like. However, most of the porous polymer membranes are prepared by using an immersion precipitation method and a step-by-step phase inversion method, but the structure and pore distribution of the porous polymer membranes are difficult to control, and therefore, a controllable preparation method of the porous polymer membranes needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the preparation method of the porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for the lithium battery has the characteristics of easiness in membrane forming, easiness in membrane pore regulation and control, simple process and the like.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for the lithium battery comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving a polymer matrix in an organic solvent, adding inorganic nano silicon particles after a polymer is fully dissolved, and uniformly mixing to form nano silicon modified polymer slurry;
2) uniformly coating the slurry on a flat plate by using a film scraper, and drying to form a composite film;
3) corroding the composite membrane by using hydrofluoric acid to remove silicon particles in the composite membrane to obtain a porous polymer membrane with uniform pore size distribution;
4) and (3) immersing the dried polymer film into lithium salt electrolyte to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte film.
In the step (1), the mass fraction of inorganic nano-silicon particles is 0.5-10% of the polymer matrix, and the inorganic nano-silicon particles are one or a mixture of silica and SBA-15 molecular sieve.
In the step (1), the organic solvent is one or a mixture of acetone, Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF); the mass ratio of the polymer matrix to the organic solvent is 1: 4-1: 10.
in the step (1), the polymer matrix is one or a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile and derivatives thereof.
In the step (2), the flat plate is one of a glass plate and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate.
In the step (2), the drying conditions are as follows: drying in an oven at 40-50 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for drying for 24-48 h.
In the step (3), the concrete steps are as follows: and (3) placing the composite film obtained in the step (2) in hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10% -40% to corrode for more than 24 hours, so as to remove the nano silicon particles in the composite film.
In the step (4), the lithium salt is lithium perchlorate; the electrolyte is a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate is 2: 1-1: 2; the concentration of the lithium salt electrolyte was 1 mol/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the nano silicon particles are used as a hard template agent, and the pore size and the distribution of the prepared porous polymer film can be regulated and controlled.
(2) The shape and area of the porous polymer film can be changed at will, and the porous polymer film can be thinned, the polymer matrix and the organic solvent can be freely adjusted according to requirements, and the porous polymer film is suitable for different film-making processes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: the gel electrolyte membrane was prepared as follows
(1) Adding 3g of polymethyl methacrylate into 12g of DMF, and fully dissolving by magnetic stirring until no floccules exist in the solution to obtain a uniform polymer solution; adding 0.015g of nano silicon dioxide into the polymer solution, and quickly stirring until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed to obtain nano silicon modified slurry;
(2) uniformly coating the nano silicon modified slurry on a glass plate by using a film coating device with the scale of 300 mu m, putting the glass plate into a drying oven with the temperature of 50 ℃ for drying for 3 h, then transferring the glass plate into a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 80 ℃ for drying for 24h to obtain a composite film;
(3) cutting the fully dried composite film into sheets with the diameter of 18mm by using a cutting machine, and soaking the sheets in hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 40% for 24 hours; taking out, washing with water to neutrality, transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, and drying for 12h to obtain a porous polymer film;
(4) immersing a porous polymer film in 1mol/L LiClO4The electrolyte solution of the propylene carbonate and the ethylene carbonate (volume ratio is 1: 2) is fully absorbed for 2 hours to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane.
The obtained porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane is detected to have the conductivity of 1.79 x 10-3S/cm; mixing it with metallic lithium electrode and LiFePO4Assembled into a button cell, the electrochemical stability window is 4.9, and the charge-discharge efficiency>97.8%, and the ratio of the charge capacity after 50 cycles of charge and discharge to the first charge capacity was 96%.
Example 2: the gel electrolyte membrane was prepared as follows
(1) Adding 1g of polyethylene oxide and 2g of methyl methacrylate into 30g of THF, and stirring by magnetic force, fully dissolving until no floccules exist in the solution, so as to obtain a uniform polymer solution; adding 0.3g of nano silicon dioxide into the polymer solution, and quickly stirring until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed to obtain nano silicon modified slurry;
(2) uniformly coating the nano silicon modified slurry on a glass plate by using a film coating device with the scale of 300 mu m, putting the glass plate into a drying oven with the temperature of 40 ℃ for drying for 4 hours, then transferring the glass plate into a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 48 hours to obtain a composite film;
(3) cutting the fully dried composite film into sheets with the diameter of 18mm by using a cutting machine, and soaking the sheets in hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10% for 24 hours; taking out, washing with water to neutrality, transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, and drying for 12h to obtain a porous polymer film;
(4) immersing the porous polymer film into 1mol/L LiFePO4The porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane is obtained by fully absorbing liquid for 2 hours in the electrolyte of propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (the volume ratio is 1: 1).
The obtained porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane is detected to have the conductivity of 2.14 x 10-3S/cm; mixing it with metallic lithium electrode and LiFePO4Assembled into a button cell, the electrochemical stability window is 5.2, and the charge-discharge efficiency>98.2%, and the ratio of the charge capacity after 50 cycles of charge and discharge to the first charge capacity was 97%.
Example 3: the gel electrolyte membrane was prepared as follows
(1) Adding 3g of polyvinylidene fluoride into 18g of acetone, stirring by magnetic force, and fully dissolving until no floccules exist in the solution to obtain a uniform polymer solution; adding 0.2g of nano silicon dioxide into the polymer solution, and quickly stirring until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed to obtain nano silicon modified slurry;
(2) uniformly coating the nano silicon modified slurry on a glass plate by using a film coating device with the scale of 300 mu m, putting the glass plate into a 50 ℃ drying oven for drying for 5 h, then transferring into a 70 ℃ vacuum drying oven for drying for 32h, and obtaining a composite film;
(3) cutting the fully dried composite film into sheets with the diameter of 18mm by using a cutting machine, and soaking the sheets in hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 20% for 28 hours; taking out, washing with water to neutrality, transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, and drying for 12h to obtain a porous polymer film;
(4) immersing a porous polymer film in 1mol/L LiClO4The electrolyte solution of the propylene carbonate and the ethylene carbonate (the volume ratio is 2: 1) is fully absorbed for 2 hours to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane.
The obtained porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane was tested to have a conductivity of 1.68 x 10-3S/cm; mixing it with metallic lithium electrode and LiFePO4Assembled into a button cell, the electrochemical stability window is 5.0, and the charge-discharge efficiency>98.3%, and the ratio of the charge capacity after 50 cycles of charge and discharge to the first charge capacity is 97%.
Example 4: the gel electrolyte membrane was prepared as follows
(1) Adding 3g of polyacrylonitrile into 21g of DMF, and stirring by magnetic force, and fully dissolving until no floccules exist in the solution to obtain a uniform polymer solution; adding 0.15g of SBA-15 molecular sieve into the polymer solution, and quickly stirring until the mixture is uniformly dispersed to obtain nano silicon modified slurry;
(2) uniformly coating the nano silicon modified slurry on a polytetrafluoroethylene plate by using a film coating device with the scale of 300 mu m, putting the glass plate into a drying oven at 50 ℃ for drying for 5 h, then transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24h to obtain a composite film;
(3) cutting the fully dried composite film into sheets with the diameter of 18mm by using a cutting machine, and soaking the sheets in hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 40% for 24 hours; taking out, washing with water to neutrality, transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, and drying for 12h to obtain a porous polymer film;
(4) immersing a porous polymer film in 1mol/L LiClO4The electrolyte solution of the propylene carbonate and the ethylene carbonate (volume ratio is 1: 2) is fully absorbed for 2 hours to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane.
The obtained porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane is detected to have the conductivity of 1.45 to 10-3S/cm; mixing it with metallic lithium electrode and LiFePO4Assembled into a button cell, the electrochemical stability window is 5.1, and the charge-discharge efficiency is high>97.9%, charge capacity after 50 cycles of charge and discharge and first timeThe ratio of the charge capacity was 98%.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) dissolving a polymer matrix in an organic solvent, adding inorganic nano silicon particles after a polymer is fully dissolved, and uniformly mixing to form nano silicon modified polymer slurry;
(2) uniformly coating the slurry on a flat plate by using a film scraper, and drying to form a composite film;
(3) corroding the composite membrane by using hydrofluoric acid to remove silicon particles in the composite membrane to obtain a porous polymer membrane with uniform pore size distribution;
(4) and (3) immersing the dried polymer film into lithium salt electrolyte to obtain the porous polymer gel electrolyte film.
2. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the mass fraction of inorganic nano-silicon particles is 0.5-10% of the polymer matrix, and the inorganic nano-silicon particles are one or a mixture of silica and SBA-15 molecular sieve.
3. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the organic solvent is one or a mixture of acetone, tetrahydrofuran and N, N-dimethylformamide; the mass ratio of the polymer matrix to the organic solvent is 1: 4-1: 10.
4. the method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the polymer matrix is one or a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile and derivatives thereof.
5. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the flat plate is one of a glass plate and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate.
6. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the drying conditions are as follows: drying in an oven at 40-50 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then transferring into a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for drying for 24-48 h.
7. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the concrete steps are as follows: and (3) placing the composite film obtained in the step (2) in hydrofluoric acid water solution with the mass fraction of 10% -40% to corrode for more than 24 hours, so as to remove the nano silicon particles in the composite film.
8. The method for preparing a porous polymer gel electrolyte membrane for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the lithium salt is lithium perchlorate; the electrolyte is a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate is 2: 1-1: 2; the concentration of the lithium salt electrolyte is 1 mol/L.
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