CN111430547B - Organic solar cell based on astaxanthin cathode buffer layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic solar cell based on astaxanthin cathode buffer layer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer, which adopts a positive structure and sequentially comprises the following steps from top to bottom: a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive anode ITO, an anode buffer layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer and a metal cathode; the cathode buffer layer is a mixture formed by mixing astaxanthin and shellac into ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, the mass percentage of ZnO in the mixture is 90-95%, the mass percentage of astaxanthin is 1-2%, the mass percentage of shellac is 3-9%, and the thickness range of the cathode buffer layer is 30-60 nm. The astaxanthin doped in the ZnO buffer layer improves the defect state density on the surface of the photoactive layer and in the cathode buffer layer, and improves the electron transmission capacity of the cathode buffer layer; the combination of ZnO nano particles and astaxanthin is more compact by doping shellac, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is improved, and in addition, the oxidation resistance of the astaxanthin can obviously improve the service life of the solar cell.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of organic polymer photovoltaic devices or organic semiconductor thin film solar cells, in particular to an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of economy, the demand of human beings for energy is larger and larger, fossil energy is taken as a main energy source in the current society, and with the continuous development of people, new energy development is needed to relieve the crisis of fossil energy. Among these, solar energy is receiving attention as a renewable pollution-free energy source.
At present, the mainstream solar cells are mainly divided into organic solar cells and electrodeless solar cells, wherein the organic solar cells are easy to design due to simple preparation process, and can be flexibly processed in large area, so that the organic solar cells become research hotspots at home and abroad in recent years. In the organic solar cell, the proper cathode buffer layer can remarkably improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the device stability, so that the cathode buffer layer is also a current research hot spot.
The cathode buffer layer material commonly used at present is ZnO and TiO x And Cs 2 CO 3 And when the cathode buffer layer is prepared by adopting a wet method, various problems such as interface defects, rough films, internal defects and the like are often faced, the transmission of charges in a device is influenced, and the efficiency of the solar cell is reduced. Therefore, research on how to optimize and modify the cathode buffer layer of the inorganic metal compound is one of the important points of research in the field of the current organic solar cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at: the organic solar cell based on the astaxanthin cathode buffer layer and the preparation method thereof are provided, and the astaxanthin doped in the ZnO buffer layer can effectively improve the defect state density on the surface of the photoactive layer and in the cathode buffer layer, so that the electron transmission capacity of the cathode buffer layer is improved; meanwhile, by doping shellac, the combination of ZnO nano particles and astaxanthin is more compact, the surface roughness of a cathode buffer layer is reduced, the electron collection capacity of the cathode buffer layer is improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a device is further improved, and in addition, the oxidation resistance of astaxanthin can obviously improve the service life of a solar cell.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer, wherein the organic solar cell adopts a positive structure, and the organic solar cell sequentially comprises the following components from top to bottom: a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive anode ITO, an anode buffer layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer and a metal cathode; the cathode buffer layer is a mixture formed by mixing astaxanthin and shellac into ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, the mass percentage of ZnO in the mixture is 90-95%, the mass percentage of astaxanthin is 1-2%, the mass percentage of shellac is 3-9%, and the thickness range of the cathode buffer layer is 30-60 nm.
Further, the photoactive layer is composed ofElectron donor material PTB7 and electron acceptor material PC 71 The BM is prepared from mixed solution with the thickness of 50-300 nm.
Further, PTB7 and PC in the mixed solution 71 The mass percentage of BM is 1:20-5:1, and the concentration of the mixed solution is 10-30 mg/ml.
Further, the anode buffer layer material is PEDOT: PSS with thickness of 5-20 nm.
Further, the metal cathode material is one or more of Ag, al or Au, and the thickness of the thin layer ranges from 100nm to 200nm.
Further, the transparent substrate material is any one or more of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyacrylic acid.
The application also provides a preparation method of the organic solar cell based on the astaxanthin cathode buffer layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning a substrate consisting of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying with nitrogen after cleaning;
(2) Spin coating, printing or spraying an anode buffer layer PEDOT on the surface of the transparent conductive anode ITO: PSS solution and performing thermal annealing;
(3) PTB7 was prepared on the anode buffer layer by spin coating or spray coating or self-assembly or ink-jet printing or screen printing: PC (personal computer) 71 BM photoactive layer:
(4) Diluting the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid by 10-100 times by using ethanol, dissolving astaxanthin and shellac in the diluted ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and then placing the diluted ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid on a stirring table for stirring to prepare a mixed solution of the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, the astaxanthin and the shellac;
(5) Spin coating, printing or spraying a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, astaxanthin and shellac on the ITO surface of the transparent conductive anode, and baking the formed film at a low temperature to prepare a cathode buffer layer;
(6) Evaporating a metal cathode on the anode buffer layer to obtain the organic solar cell.
Further, in the step (2), the thermal annealing temperature of the anode buffer layer is 120-140 ℃ and the time is 25-35 min.
Further, the temperature range of the low-temperature baking of the thin film in the step (5) is 30-40 ℃ and the time range is 10-30 min.
Further, the thermal annealing and low-temperature baking modes adopt any one or more of hot table heating, oven heating, far infrared heating and hot air heating.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) By introducing astaxanthin into the ZnO nano-particles of the cathode buffer layer, the astaxanthin has extremely strong oxidation resistance, so that the dispersity of the ZnO nano-particles is improved, the defect state density in the composite cathode buffer layer is reduced, and the conductivity of the cathode buffer layer is increased.
(2) By introducing astaxanthin into the ZnO nano-particles of the cathode buffer layer, the electron mobility of the cathode buffer layer is improved, and the recombination probability of carriers is reduced.
(3) By introducing astaxanthin into the ZnO nano-particles of the cathode buffer layer, the combination of the ZnO nano-particles and the astaxanthin is more compact, the surface roughness of the cathode buffer layer is reduced, the contact potential barrier between the active layer and the cathode buffer layer is reduced, the interface between the buffer layer and the photoactive layer forms better ohmic contact, and the photocurrent density of the device is increased.
(4) By introducing astaxanthin into the ZnO nano-particles of the cathode buffer layer, the astaxanthin has extremely strong oxidation resistance, the defect state density of the surface of the active layer is reduced, and the photocurrent density of the device is increased.
(5) The astaxanthin has extremely strong oxidation resistance and the shellac isolates water and oxygen in the air, so that the influence of water and oxygen erosion on devices is greatly reduced, and the service life of the devices is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to the present application.
The reference numerals are: 1-substrate, 2-transparent conductive cathode ITO, 3-anode buffer layer, 4-photoactive layer, 5-cathode buffer layer and 6-metal cathode.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the application, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the application.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The present application will be further described with reference to fig. 1 and examples 1 to 6.
Example 1 (control):
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), spin-coating ZnO nanoparticles (5000 rpm,40s,50 nm) on the surface of the photoactive layer to prepare a cathode buffer layer, and baking the formed film at low temperature (30 ℃ C., 20 min); a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) was evaporated on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.73v, short-circuit current (J SC )＝12.8mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.61, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =5.87%.
Example 2:
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), spin-coating a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticles, astaxanthin and shellac (5000 rpm,40s,50nm, 1wt% astaxanthin and 9wt% shellac) on the surface of the photoactive layer, preparing a cathode buffer layer, and subjecting the formed film to low-temperature baking (30 ℃ C., 20 min); a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) was evaporated on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.73v, short-circuit current (J SC )＝13.3mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.65, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =5.99%.
Example 3:
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), spin-coating a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticles, astaxanthin and shellac (5000 rpm,40s,50nm, astaxanthin 2wt%, shellac 3 wt%) on the surface of the photoactive layer, preparing a cathode buffer layer, baking the formed film at low temperature (30 ℃ C., 20 min), and evaporating a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.72v, short-circuit current (J SC )＝13.6mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.61, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =6.15%.
Example 4:
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticles, astaxanthin and shellac (5000 rpm,40s,50 nm), wherein the astaxanthin accounts for 1.5wt% and shellac accounts for 3.5 wt%) was spin-coated on the surface of the photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer was prepared, and the formed film was baked at low temperature (30 ℃ C., 20 min), and a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) was evaporated on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.7v, short-circuit current (J SC )＝13.5mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.64, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =6.42%.
Example 5:
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticles, astaxanthin and shellac (5000 rpm,40s,50 nm), wherein the astaxanthin accounts for 2wt% and shellac accounts for 8.5 wt%) was spin-coated on the surface of the photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer was prepared, and the formed film was baked at low temperature (30 ℃ C., 20 min), and a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) was evaporated on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.75v, short circuit electricityFlow (J) SC )＝14.2mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.67, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =6.70%.
Example 6:
cleaning a substrate with surface roughness less than 1nm, which consists of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying the substrate by nitrogen after cleaning; spin coating PEDOT on the transparent conductive anode ITO surface: the PSS solution (3000 rpm,60s,30 nm) was used to prepare an anode buffer layer, and the resulting film was thermally annealed (130 ℃ C., 30 min) to prepare PTB7 by spin coating on the anode buffer layer: PC (personal computer) 71 BM (1:1.7, 20 mg/ml) photoactive layer (1500 rpm,50s,200 nm), a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticles, astaxanthin and shellac (5000 rpm,40s,50 nm), wherein the astaxanthin accounts for 2wt% and shellac accounts for 5.5 wt%) was spin-coated on the surface of the photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer was prepared, and the formed film was baked at low temperature (30 ℃ C., 20 min), and a metal cathode Ag (100 nm) was evaporated on the cathode buffer layer.
Under standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 The open circuit voltage (V) OC ) =0.75v, short-circuit current (J SC )＝13.6mA/cm 2 Fill Factor (FF) =0.70, photoelectric Conversion Efficiency (PCE) =6.82%.
Detection result:
table 1 is the standard test conditions: AM 1.5, 100mW/cm 2 Photovoltaic performance parameter comparison tables for organic solar cell devices prepared in example 1 and example 6.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1: solar cells prepared by incorporating astaxanthin and shellac into the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion (i.e., solar cells prepared in example 6, structure: ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PTB7: PC) 71 BM/ZnO: astaxanthin: shellac/Ag) compared with a solar cell prepared without astaxanthin and shellac incorporated in the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion (i.e., solar energy prepared in example 1)The battery is structurally characterized in that: ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PTB7: PC (personal computer) 71 BM/ZnO/Ag), the short-circuit current density is increased, and the filling factor is improved, because astaxanthin and shellac are doped in ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, gaps among ZnO nanoparticles are effectively filled, defects in a cathode buffer layer are reduced, and therefore the electron mobility of the cathode buffer layer is improved, the combination of ZnO nanoparticles and the cathode buffer layer is more compact through doping shellac, the stability of the cathode buffer layer is improved, the film morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles is modified, better ohmic contact is formed at the interface between the cathode buffer layer and an optical active layer, the photocurrent density and the filling factor of a device are increased, and finally the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is greatly improved.
The above examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make several variants and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the application, which fall within the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. An organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer is characterized in that the organic solar cell adopts a positive structure, and the organic solar cell sequentially comprises the following components from top to bottom: a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive anode ITO, an anode buffer layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode buffer layer and a metal cathode; the cathode buffer layer is a mixture formed by mixing astaxanthin and shellac into ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, the mass percentage of ZnO in the mixture is 90-95%, the mass percentage of astaxanthin is 1-2%, the mass percentage of shellac is 3-9%, and the thickness range of the cathode buffer layer is 30-60 nm.
2. An organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 1, wherein said photoactive layer is composed of an electron donor material PTB7 and an electron acceptor material PC 71 The BM mixed solution is prepared with the thickness of 50-300 nm。
3. An organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 2, wherein PTB7 and PC are present in said mixed solution 71 The mass percentage of BM is 1:20-5:1, and the concentration of the mixed solution is 10-30 mg/ml.
4. An organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 1, wherein the anode buffer layer material is PEDOT: PSS with thickness of 5-20 nm.
5. The organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 1, wherein the metal cathode material is one or more of Ag, al or Au, and the thin layer thickness ranges from 100 to 200nm.
6. The astaxanthin cathode buffer layer based organic solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the transparent substrate material is any one or more of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polychloroformate, polyimide, vinyl chloride, or polyacrylic acid.
7. A method for preparing an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning a substrate consisting of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive anode ITO, and drying with nitrogen after cleaning:
(2) Spin coating, printing or spraying an anode buffer layer PEDOT on the surface of the transparent conductive anode ITO: PSS solution and performing thermal annealing;
(3) PTB7 was prepared on the anode buffer layer by spin coating or spray coating or self-assembly or ink-jet printing or screen printing: PC (personal computer) 71 A BM photoactive layer;
(4) Diluting the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid by 10-100 times by using ethanol, dissolving astaxanthin and shellac in the diluted ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and then placing the diluted ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid on a stirring table for stirring to prepare a mixed solution of the ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, the astaxanthin and the shellac;
(5) Spin coating, printing or spraying a mixed solution of ZnO nanoparticle dispersion liquid, astaxanthin and shellac on the ITO surface of the transparent conductive anode, and baking the formed film at a low temperature to prepare a cathode buffer layer;
(6) Evaporating a metal cathode on the anode buffer layer to obtain the organic solar cell.
8. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 7, wherein the thermal annealing temperature of the anode buffer layer in the step (2) ranges from 120 to 140 ℃ for 25 to 35min.
9. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 7, wherein the temperature range of low-temperature baking of the thin film in the step (5) is 30-40 ℃ and the time range is 10-30 min.
10. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on an astaxanthin cathode buffer layer according to claim 7, wherein the thermal annealing and low-temperature baking modes adopt any one or more of heating by a hot table, heating by an oven, far infrared heating and heating by hot air.
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