CN111168469A - Five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measurement system - Google Patents
Five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111168469A CN111168469A CN202010029807.3A CN202010029807A CN111168469A CN 111168469 A CN111168469 A CN 111168469A CN 202010029807 A CN202010029807 A CN 202010029807A CN 111168469 A CN111168469 A CN 111168469A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measuring system, which defines three directions which are vertically intersected in a space as an X direction, a Y direction and a Z direction respectively. The invention solves the technical problem that in the prior art, when a cuboid measurement standard component is applied to the thermal error measurement of a five-axis numerical control machine tool, if the measurement standard component generates a rotation angle, the thermal error value in other directions is influenced by a single thermal error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measuring system in the field of numerical control machine tool thermal error measurement.
Background
At present, with the deepening of the 4.0 industrial process and the continuous promotion of the strategic plan of strong country in China manufacturing 2025, the development direction of industrial manufacturing tends to be intelligent, flexible and high-precision. The numerical control machine tool is a processing unit which can not be obtained in the production process and is a key research object for manufacturing strong development strategies.
The thermal error can account for 40-70% of the total error of the machine tool, especially for a five-axis numerical control machine tool, compared with a three-axis numerical control machine tool, the two extra degrees of freedom improve the processing flexibility of the machine tool, but simultaneously, the quantity of heat sources and the structural complexity of the numerical control machine tool are also increased, and the variation degree of the thermal error characteristic is more severe.
Thermal error is the key point in the field of numerical control machine tool research, and thermal error measurement is the necessary way to ensure the smooth progress of the research. Chinese patent CN105785915A discloses a "full workstation thermal error measurement system of digit control machine tool and its measurement method", including a plurality of cuboid standard components that are fixed on the workstation, at the installation on-line measuring head of lathe main shaft position, touch every cuboid standard component through the gauge head and realize multiple spot thermal error measurement, during concrete touching, each side that needs on-line measuring head to touch the cuboid standard component respectively acquires the corresponding coordinate value, for example when needing to measure the Z to the coordinate, need reciprocate to detect the gauge head and make detection gauge head and standard component top contact, when needing to measure the Y to and the X to the coordinate, need the workstation to drive the standard component and do the horizontal direction removal that corresponds, it also needs to carry out the removal of Z to detect the gauge head simultaneously. The existing measuring mode has the problem of being not applicable to the measurement of the spatial multi-point thermal error of the working table of the five-axis numerical control machine tool essentially because the five-axis numerical control machine tool also has two rotating shafts besides the translation of the X, Y and Z three axes. For example, for a five-axis gantry machining center, after a workbench rotates around an axis a, a measurement standard component fixed on the workbench may be inclined, and thermal errors in different directions may affect a thermal error measurement result, as shown in fig. 1: the method is characterized in that a cuboid measurement standard component is arranged on a five-axis workbench to perform online detection thermal error measurement, the standard component tilts along with the rotation of an A axis, at the moment, only Y thermal errors are supposed to be actually generated, but when a measuring head measures in a Z direction, extra thermal errors of different sizes are measured due to the tilting of the measurement standard component. Similarly, the thermal error in the Z direction also affects the measurement value of the thermal error in the Y direction, i.e. the measured thermal error value has a distortion in principle, and the degree of the distortion is related to the inclination angle of the standard component, and the smaller the inclination angle of the standard component relative to the vertical direction is, the larger the influence value of the thermal error in the Y direction on the thermal error in the Z direction is.
In addition, the detection measuring head needs to contact each side surface of the cuboid measurement standard component in sequence to obtain coordinate values, and the measurement efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for measuring a space thermal error of a five-axis numerical control machine tool, which aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, when a cuboid measurement standard part is applied to thermal error measurement of the five-axis numerical control machine tool, if the measurement standard part generates a rotation angle, a thermal error value in other directions is greatly influenced by a unilateral thermal error.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measurement system, the three direction of vertical crossing is X direction, Y direction and Z direction respectively in the definition space, and five-axis numerical control machine tool space thermal error measurement system is including being used for being fixed in the measurement standard component on the workstation of digit control machine tool, still including the gauge head that is used for being fixed in the main shaft cutter position department of digit control machine tool, the measurement standard component includes standard bulb, and standard bulb has and is used for by gauge head measuring standard sphere.
The measuring standard component is arranged on the workbench through the reference ball base, the number of the measuring standard components is multiple, and the plurality of measuring standard components are distributed on the reference ball base.
The base of the reference ball is provided with threaded holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the measuring standard parts, the axes of the measuring standard parts extend along the Z direction, the measuring standard parts are provided with connecting screw rods in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes, and the standard ball heads are arranged at the tops of the connecting screw rods.
The measuring head is a three-dimensional eddy current sensor measuring head which comprises a measuring head base, a first PCB substrate, a second PCB substrate and a third PCB substrate which are mutually perpendicular are fixed on the measuring head base, a first eddy current coil, a second eddy current coil and a third eddy current coil are fixed on the inner sides of the three PCB substrates, the axes of the first eddy current coil, the second eddy current coil and the third eddy current coil extend along the X direction, the axes of the second eddy current coil and the third eddy current coil extend along the Z direction, the axes of the three eddy current coils are perpendicularly intersected, and two pad holes for welding and fixing coil heads of the corresponding eddy current coils are formed in each PCB substrate.
The gauge head base comprises a bottom plate, a first vertical plate and a second vertical plate, wherein the bottom plate extends along the Z direction, the plate thickness on the bottom plate is vertically fixed, the first vertical plate extends along the X direction, the plate thickness on the bottom plate is vertically fixed, the second vertical plate extends along the Y direction, the third PCB substrate is fixedly attached to the bottom plate, the first PCB substrate is fixedly attached to the first vertical plate, and the second PCB substrate is fixedly attached to the second vertical plate.
The bottom plate is provided with bottom plate threading holes corresponding to the pad holes in the third PCB substrate, the first riser is provided with first riser threading holes corresponding to the pad holes in the first PCB substrate, the second riser is provided with second riser threading holes corresponding to the pad holes in the second PCB substrate, and extension wires electrically connected with the corresponding pad holes penetrate through the threading holes.
The bottom plate, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are made of metal materials, a third through hole which is coaxial with the third eddy current coil and has a diameter not smaller than that of the third eddy current coil is formed in the bottom plate, a first through hole which is coaxial with the first eddy current coil and has a diameter not smaller than that of the first eddy current coil is formed in the first vertical plate, and a second through hole which is coaxial with the second eddy current coil and has a diameter not smaller than that of the second eddy current coil is formed in the second vertical plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when using, because five-axis numerical control machine tool has the rotational degree of freedom of two directions, consequently the workstation can drive and measure the certain angle of standard part slope, the gauge head is when carrying out the thermal error measurement to measuring standard part, suppose that measuring standard part only produces the thermal error volume in the Y direction, when carrying out Z direction thermal error volume measurement to the standard sphere top of the standard bulb of measuring standard part, utilize the camber characteristic of standard sphere, standard sphere is in the same sex characteristics of each direction in geometry, can reduce the influence of Y direction thermal error volume to Z direction thermal error by a wide margin, can ignore this influence even. In addition, no matter how the inclination angle of the measuring standard component is, the influence of thermal errors among different directions cannot be caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the probe and the measurement standard of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle that the thermal error amounts in different directions do not affect each other in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a probe according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bottom plate of fig. 4 separated from the third PCB substrate and the second riser separated from the second PCB substrate.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of a system for measuring the spatial thermal error of a five-axis numerical control machine tool is shown in figures 1 to 5: three directions that intersect perpendicularly in the defined space are the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, which refers to the vertical direction in this embodiment. The system for measuring the space thermal error of the five-axis numerical control machine tool comprises a measuring standard part 29 and a measuring head, wherein the measuring standard part 29 is used for being fixed on a workbench 31 of the numerical control machine tool, the measuring head is used for being fixed at the position of a main shaft cutter of the numerical control machine tool, the measuring standard part comprises a standard ball head 35, and the standard ball head 35 is provided with a standard spherical surface used for being measured by the measuring head.
The measuring standard component 29 is arranged on the workbench 31 through the reference ball base 30, the workbench 31 is of a disc structure, the measuring standard components 29 are multiple, and the measuring standard components 29 are distributed on the reference ball base 30. The inverted T-shaped connecting strip is arranged in an inverted T-shaped groove in the specific workbench in a penetrating mode, a connecting strip threaded hole is formed in the inverted T-shaped connecting strip, a workbench bolt hole corresponding to the connecting strip threaded hole is formed in the workbench, and the reference ball base is arranged on the workbench 31 through the workbench bolt hole and the connecting strip threaded hole in a penetrating mode. Threaded holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the measuring standard parts and extend along the Z direction are formed in the workbench 31, the measuring standard parts are provided with connecting screw rods 33 in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes, and standard ball heads 35 are arranged at the tops of the connecting screw rods.
The measuring head in the embodiment is a three-dimensional eddy current sensor measuring head, and comprises a measuring head base, wherein the measuring head base comprises a bottom plate 6, the rear end of the bottom plate extends along the Z direction, a first vertical plate 11 and a second vertical plate 9 are vertically fixed on the bottom plate 6, the thickness of the plate extends along the X direction, the plate thickness of the plate vertically fixed on the bottom plate extends along the Y direction, and the bottom plate 6, the first vertical plate 11 and the second vertical plate 9 are all made of metal materials. The bottom of the first vertical plate 11 and the second vertical plate 9 is provided with a vertical plate connecting edge 15 with the thickness extending along the Z direction, and the vertical plate connecting edge 15 is fixed on the bottom plate 6 through screws.
The inboard face of bottom plate 6, first riser 11, second riser 9 has formed mutually perpendicular's reference plane each other, is equipped with third PCB base plate 5 through the fixed subsides of screw contact on the inboard face of bottom plate 6, is equipped with first PCB base plate 12 through the fixed subsides of screw on the inboard face of first riser 11, is equipped with second PCB base plate 8 through the fixed subsides of screw on the inboard face of second riser 9. A third eddy current coil 7 with an axis extending along the Z direction is fixed on the inner side board surface of the third PCB substrate 5 through gluing, a first eddy current coil 2 with an axis extending along the X direction is fixed on the inner side board surface of the first PCB substrate 12 through gluing, a second eddy current coil 10 with an axis extending along the Y direction is fixed on the inner side board surface of the second PCB substrate 8 through gluing, and the axes of the three eddy current coils are vertically intersected. The bottom plate 6 is provided with a third through hole 20 which is coaxial with the third eddy current coil and has a diameter not smaller than that of the third eddy current coil 7, the first vertical plate is provided with a first through hole which is coaxial with the first eddy current coil and has a diameter not smaller than that of the first eddy current coil, and the second vertical plate 9 is provided with a second through hole 21 which is coaxial with the second eddy current coil 10 and has a diameter not smaller than that of the second eddy current coil. The bottom plate, the first riser and the second riser of metal material have guaranteed the stability to PCB base plate support, and the setting of through-hole avoids the electric eddy current coil and corresponds the production vortex between the metal sheet, interference measurement.
And each PCB substrate is provided with two pad holes 3 for welding and fixing the coil heads of the corresponding eddy current coils, and each pad hole comprises annular pads on two surfaces of the PCB substrate and a middle electroplating through hole. The bottom plate is provided with a bottom plate threading hole 23 corresponding to the pad hole on the third PCB substrate, the first riser is provided with a first riser threading hole corresponding to the pad hole on the first PCB substrate, the second riser is provided with a second riser threading hole 22 corresponding to the pad hole on the second PCB substrate, and each threading hole is penetrated with an extension wire 32 electrically connected with the corresponding pad hole. The extension lead 32 is connected to an external power source, and leads current to the pad hole and the coil head of the eddy current coil through the extension lead. The output signals of the three eddy current coils form voltage change signals through the transmitter 27, and the voltage change signals are converted into digital signals through the data acquisition card 26 and sent to the industrial personal computer 25 for display and storage.
The use process of the system for measuring the space thermal error of the five-axis numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps of taking one measuring standard part 29 as an example, translating a workbench of the five-axis numerical control machine tool in X, Y and Z directions, rotating the workbench around X and Z directions, moving the measuring standard part 29 to the lower sides of three PCB substrates by controlling the motion of the workbench, measuring the distances from the corresponding sides of a standard ball head by each eddy current coil, namely measuring the distance from a third eddy current coil to the top of the standard ball head, measuring the distances from the corresponding sides of the standard ball head in X direction and Y direction by other two eddy current coils, performing five-degree-of-freedom direction movement by the five-axis gantry numerical control machine tool according to a certain path under the control of the numerical control system, moving the measuring standard part to an initial measuring position after moving for a period of time, measuring the distances from the corresponding sides of the standard ball head by each eddy current coil, the thermal error of the five-axis numerical control machine tool is obtained. A plurality of measurement standard components are uniformly distributed in the forming range of the workbench, and the measuring comprehensiveness can be ensured. As shown in fig. 3, the measurement standard in the solid line portion of fig. 3 indicates the position of the measurement standard for the first time, and the measurement standard in the dotted line portion indicates the position of the measurement standard 29 which is reset after the table is moved for a certain period of time. The measurement standard part is driven by a five-axis numerical control machine tool and can incline to a certain angle, only the thermal error in the Y direction is assumed at the moment, and the standard spherical surface of the standard ball head 35 has the same property in all directions in geometry, so that the influence of the thermal error in the Y direction on the thermal error in the Z direction can be greatly reduced, the influence can be basically ignored, and the influence among the thermal errors in different directions can be avoided.
In addition, in order to facilitate the signal extraction of the eddy current coil, the coil head of the eddy current coil is welded in the corresponding pad hole of the corresponding PCB substrate, meanwhile, an extension lead is also welded in each pad hole, and the extension lead is led out from the side, where the eddy current coil is not fixed, of the PCB substrate and penetrates through the corresponding threading hole. According to the invention, the eddy current coil is fixed on the PCB substrate through reasonable design, the fragile coil lead and the extension lead are fixed through a welding mode by skillfully utilizing the excellent conductive characteristic and the accommodation property of the PCB pad hole, and the space occupation amount of the measuring head of the eddy current sensor is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring the stability and the measuring function of the eddy current coil, so that more measuring standard parts can be distributed, and the measuring comprehensiveness is ensured.
Claims (7)
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| CN2019111002183 | 2019-11-12 | ||
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113478272A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆理工大学 | Full-working-space thermal error measuring method of five-axis numerical control machine tool based on R-test measuring instrument |
| CN118544180A (en) * | 2024-07-30 | 2024-08-27 | 国家机床质量监督检验中心 | A machine tool spatial position accuracy testing device and testing method |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |