CN111024265A - Method for checking stability of thermocouple standard of tube furnace - Google Patents
Method for checking stability of thermocouple standard of tube furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024265A CN111024265A CN201911173149.9A CN201911173149A CN111024265A CN 111024265 A CN111024265 A CN 111024265A CN 201911173149 A CN201911173149 A CN 201911173149A CN 111024265 A CN111024265 A CN 111024265A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000013097 stability assessment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
- G01K15/005—Calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
- G01K15/002—Calibrated temperature sources, temperature standards therefor
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- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration of a tube furnace, which is not simply judged according to the temperature control deviation and the temperature control stability of a standard couple, but calculates the real-time error of each calibrated tube through the standard and the calibrated tube, and then calculates the standard deviation of the errors of each calibrated tube for the latest times so as to fully sense the temperature of all the calibrated tube and the standard couple under the highest calibration efficiency, reduce the uncertainty of thermocouple calibration data, improve the quality of the calibration data, calibrate the thermocouples under different working conditions, and effectively solve the problems of temperature conduction lag and asynchronous temperature sensing of the standard couple and the calibrated tube due to the addition of a temperature equalizing block.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to a stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration of a tube furnace.
Background
The tube furnace is an electric heating device for providing a heat source for thermocouple calibration, and in the calibration process, the furnace temperature needs to be controlled near a test point, so that the furnace temperature is in a range of deviation of the test point, and after the temperature change meets a certain stability requirement, data of a standard thermocouple and a calibrated thermocouple can be scanned, and the standard thermocouple and the calibrated thermocouple are referred to as the standard thermocouple and the calibrated thermocouple in the following.
In the latest current national standard, in order to reduce the problem of temperature field uniformity variation caused by no-load and load of the tube furnace, a method of adding a temperature equalizing block is adopted in the tube furnace, and the method can cause new problems of temperature conduction lag, temperature asynchronism of a standard couple and a calibrated couple and the like after the temperature equalizing block is added: the traditional thermocouple calibration takes the temperature control deviation and the temperature control fluctuation of a standard couple as judgment conditions, but after a temperature equalizing block is added to a tube furnace, different temperature sensing lags of different amounts and asynchronization of standard temperature sensing to be calibrated are caused by loading different diameters and different numbers of couples to be calibrated, so that the thermocouple calibration aiming at different working conditions is unreasonable by still taking the temperature control deviation and the temperature control stability of the standard couple as unique judgment conditions, the quality of acquired data is poor, the data repeatability is poor, and the uncertainty component of the reading error brought into a system is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration of a tubular furnace, aiming at the problems of temperature conduction lag and asynchronous temperature sensing of a standard couple and a calibrated couple caused by the addition of a temperature equalizing block in the tubular furnace, and the method is used for thermocouple calibration under different working conditions, so that all calibrated couples and standard couples can sense temperature fully under the highest calibration efficiency, the uncertainty of thermocouple calibration data can be reduced, and the quality and the acquisition efficiency of the calibration data can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration of a tube furnace comprises the steps of calculating real-time errors of each thermocouple through data collected by a standard couple and the thermocouple, calculating standard deviations of the latest errors of each thermocouple, and when the standard deviations reach a set value, indicating that the thermocouple and the standard couple reach a sufficient temperature sensing state, and when the stability assessment of the thermocouple is finished, scanning the collected data in the next step. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the tube furnace is rapidly heated, the standard even signal and the detected even signal are subjected to data measurement through an electric measuring instrument, and when the standard even signal reaches the temperature close to the set calibration point, precise temperature control is performed to ensure the furnace temperature to be stable; the electric measuring instrument adopts a high-precision digital multimeter or a special temperature measuring instrument, such as an electric measuring instrument of a KEITHLEY 2010 model;
(2) when a certain condition is judged to be reached, starting to perform repeatability test acquisition, acquiring data of the standard couple and all the couples to be calibrated at fixed time intervals, calculating the error of each couple to be calibrated, and storing the acquired data and the calculated error of each couple to be calibrated into a dynamic array structure;
(3) when the data acquired by the repeatability test reaches a certain amount, taking the errors of the last times of each couple to be calibrated as a data set according to the principle of first-in first-out, and calculating the standard deviation of the data set;
(4) judging whether the scanning measurement condition is met, calculating the standard deviation of the error value of each couple to be calibrated for the last several times in real time, and judging that the standard deviation of each couple to be calibrated is smaller than a certain set data, then considering that the couples to be calibrated and the standard couples have sufficient temperature sensing, and carrying out the next scanning measurement.
Said dynamic array Repeat ready said step (2)
Corrected 1 (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … … (data n, error n)
Corrected 2 (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … … (data n, error n)
… are corrected for m (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … … (data n, error n).
Further, the standard deviation in step (3) is the sum of squares of all the numbers of the data set minus the average value, the obtained result is divided by the number of the data set, and the obtained value is given by the root, which is the standard deviation of the data set, and the formula is
Where N is the number of data sets, xi is the ith error to be corrected, and μ is the error data group mean.
Further, the condition for judging that both the thermocouple and the standard couple can sufficiently sense the temperature in step (4) is that the calculated error value of the thermocouple should be a relatively fixed value, and the smaller the standard deviation of the data set, the more the error value of the thermocouple is fixed, that is, the more the thermal balance of the tube furnace tends to be stable, otherwise, the larger the standard deviation, the more the dispersion degree of the error value of the thermocouple is high, that is, all the thermocouples and the standard couples of the tube furnace cannot sufficiently sense the temperature.
Further, in the step (2), the repeatability test is performed under the condition that the repeatability test is started only when the temperature control deviation meets the requirement and the fluctuation range is smaller than a set value through accurate temperature control on the premise of temperature control deviation and temperature control stability of the standard couple.
Further, the above first-in first-out principle is explained as follows: when calculating the standard deviation, the adjacent error values in the latest acquisition array of the used couple form a group of data sets, and the data sets are as follows: (error)nError ofn-1Error ofn-2…) and then calculating the standard deviation thereof.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after a new procedure is implemented, a temperature equalizing block is added to cause temperature conduction lag and asynchronous temperature sensing of a standard couple and a calibrated couple, and the quality of acquired data is poor and the data repeatability is poor due to the fact that the temperature control deviation and the temperature control stability of the standard couple are used as the only judgment conditions, the uncertainty component of a reading error brought into a system is larger, and the uncertainty of a calibration result is increased. After the stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration is adopted in the tubular furnace with the temperature equalizing block, the invention can achieve the purposes that all the thermocouples and standard couples can fully sense temperature under the highest calibration efficiency, so that the uncertainty of thermocouple calibration data is reduced, and the quality and the acquisition efficiency of the calibration data are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the standard deviation of the repeatability test and the error of the to-be-calibrated error in time;
FIG. 3 is a table 1 of a dynamic collection dataset for a particular puppet in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The thermocouple verification of the invention comprises the steps of sleeving a standard thermocouple with a protection tube, bundling the standard thermocouple with a calibrated thermocouple sleeved with an insulating ceramic bead into a bundle by using a thin nickel-chromium wire, uniformly distributing the measuring end of the calibrated thermocouple for a circle around high-aluminum protection during bundling, then inserting the thermocouple bundle into a temperature equalizing block in a tube furnace to the bottom, wherein the measuring end of the thermocouple bundle and the measuring end of the standard thermocouple are positioned on the same radial section. The standard thermocouple is positioned on the axis position of the tube furnace, the measuring end of the thermocouple is positioned in the highest uniform temperature zone in the furnace, and the furnace mouth is blocked by insulating refractory materials.
In order to make the technical means, creation features, working procedures, using methods, achieving purposes and effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
The standard thermocouple is a standard platinum-rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple, the calibrated thermocouple is an N-type thermocouple, the calibration point is 800 ℃, and the certificate value of the calibrator is as follows: the certificate value of a standard couple at 800 ℃ is 7.3509mV, and the standard couple is 10 thermocouples, and only one group of data is taken for explanation.
The calibrator certificate value is the verification result data on the standard thermocouple certificate.
And (3) starting to calibrate the thermocouple, quickly heating the tube furnace, and precisely controlling the temperature when the temperature of the signal reaction furnace of the standard thermocouple is heated to the temperature set value of the calibration point of 800 +/-5 ℃.
The precise temperature control is realized by a PID temperature control algorithm and a temperature control device executing mechanism, the temperature deviation and the temperature fluctuation of a temperature value converted by a standard couple signal are checked and judged according to JJF 1637-2017-cheap metal thermocouple calibration standard, and when the temperature of the standard couple deviates from a set temperature point of the tube furnace within +/-5 ℃, and the temperature change of the standard couple does not exceed 0.2 ℃ per minute, the entry of the precise temperature control is defined.
After a certain condition is reached, the repeatability test data is started, data acquisition is carried out on the standard thermocouple and all the calibrated thermocouples at fixed time intervals, in the example, at intervals of 1 minute, the acquired data are shown as a column 2 and a column 3 of a table 1 in fig. 3, the acquired data are respectively standard data and calibrated 1 data, then the error of each calibrated thermocouple is calculated according to the requirement of the calibration specification, if a column 5 of the table 1 is the error calculated by the calibrated 1, and the acquired data and the calculated error of each calibrated thermocouple are stored in a dynamic array structure.
The error Δ t to be corrected is calculated as described above according to the calibration specification requirementsQuiltThe formula is as follows:
Δequilt＝eQuilt(t)-eIs divided into
eIdentification card: the thermal electromotive force value of a certain calibration point on a standard thermocouple certificate;
eis divided into: thermoelectric potential of a certain calibration temperature point searched on the calibrated thermocouple graduation meter;
esupplement device: compensating for a wire correction value;
Squilt、SSign board: respectively, the differential thermal electromotive force of the calibrated and standard thermocouple at a certain calibration temperature point.
Fig. 3 table 1 shows the test data after the new invention method is adopted.
In this example, after 3 times of repetitive data acquisition, the standard deviation is calculated as a data set, and as shown in table 1, the first standard deviation is first calculated according to the data set 1{1.81, 1.62, 1.53}, and the calculation process is as follows:μ＝1.65℃
The second standard deviation is then calculated from data set 2{1.62, 1.53, 1.23} on a first-in-first-out basis, as follows:
μ＝1.46℃
And by analogy, calculating the standard deviation in sequence.
And judging whether the standard deviation meets the requirement, if not, continuing to perform repeatability test, continuing to store the repeatability test into the dynamic array, calculating the latest standard deviation until the standard deviation meets the requirement, and performing scanning measurement.
From the test data in table 1, it can be seen that the error of the corrected 1 is closer to a certain fixed value, and the standard deviation of the corrected 1 is smaller and closer to zero, as shown in fig. 2.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should be construed as the protection scope of the present invention without inventive effort.
Claims (7)
1. A stability assessment method for thermocouple calibration of a tube furnace is characterized in that after real-time errors of each thermocouple are calculated through data collected by a standard couple and the thermocouple, standard deviation calculation is carried out on the errors of each thermocouple which are corrected for the latest times, when the standard deviation reaches a set value, the fact that the thermocouple and the standard couple reach a sufficient temperature sensing state is represented, and when the stability assessment of the thermocouple is finished, the next step of scanning collected data can be carried out.
2. The tube furnace thermocouple calibration stability assessment method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) the tube furnace is rapidly heated, the standard even signal and the detected even signal are subjected to data measurement through an electric measuring instrument, and when the standard even signal reaches the temperature close to the set calibration point, precise temperature control is performed to ensure the furnace temperature to be stable;
(2) when a certain condition is judged to be reached, starting to perform repeatability test acquisition, acquiring data of the standard couple and all the couples to be calibrated at fixed time intervals, calculating the error of each couple to be calibrated, and storing the acquired data and the calculated error of each couple to be calibrated into a dynamic array structure;
(3) when the data acquired by the repeatability test reaches a certain amount, taking the errors of the last times of each couple to be calibrated as a data set according to the principle of first-in first-out, and calculating the standard deviation of the data set;
(4) judging whether the scanning measurement condition is met, calculating the standard deviation of the error value of each couple to be calibrated for the last several times in real time, and judging that the standard deviation of each couple to be calibrated is smaller than a certain set data, then considering that the couples to be calibrated and the standard couples have sufficient temperature sensing, and carrying out the next scanning measurement.
3. The tube furnace thermocouple calibration stability assessment method according to claim 2, wherein the dynamic array Repeat check in step (2)
Corrected 1 (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … … (data n, error n)
Corrected 2 (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … …. (data n, error n) … corrected m (data 1, error 1), (data 2, error 2), (data 3, error 3) … …. (data n, error n) }.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the standard deviation in step (3) is the sum of the squares of all the numbers of the data set minus the mean, the result is divided by the number of the group, and the value is further processed to obtain the valueThe standard deviation of the data set is formulated as
Where N is the number of data sets, xiFor the ith error to be corrected, μ is the mean of the error data set.
5. The method for assessing the stability of thermocouple calibration in a tube furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein the condition for determining that both the thermocouple and the standard couple can sense the temperature sufficiently in step (4) is that the calculated error value of the thermocouple should be a relatively fixed value, and the smaller the standard deviation of the data set, the more the error value of the thermocouple is fixed, the more the thermal balance of the tube furnace tends to be stable, otherwise, the larger the standard deviation, the more the dispersion degree of the error value of the thermocouple is, and the less the temperature of all the thermocouple and the standard couple of the tube furnace can be sensed.
6. The tube furnace thermocouple calibration stability assessment method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the repeatability test is started only when the temperature control deviation meets the requirement and the fluctuation range is smaller than the set value through precise temperature control according to the temperature control deviation and the temperature control stability of the standard couple as the judgment basis.
7. The tube furnace thermocouple calibration stability assessment method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the first-in first-out principle is interpreted as: when calculating the standard deviation, the adjacent error values in the latest acquisition array of the used corrected couple form a group of data sets, and the data sets are (error)nError ofn-1Error ofn-2…) and then calculating the standard deviation thereof.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113884222A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Calibration device and calibration method for ultra-short thermocouple |
| CN114354015A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-04-15 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Method for determining uncertainty of thermocouple calibration system measurement |
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