CN110702611A - A laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas online monitoring system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统，包括：油气分离单元，对变压器油中溶解气体进行采样和油气分离；气路单元，与所述的油气分离单元连接，输送油气分离后的样气；光声检测单元，与所述的气路单元连接，通过调制激光光源产生脉冲光，样气吸收脉冲光后产生声波，通过微音器检测声波强度，并储存声波数据；现场控制单元，与所述的油气分离单元和光声检测单元连接，将现场数据输送至工作站。与现有技术相比，本发明将激光半导体技术与光声光谱技术相结合，运用到变压器绝缘油故障气体在线监测中，可避开传统油色谱在线监测设备中耗材等大量人工维护量，也可避免传统红外宽谱光源光声光谱设备检测运用中气体之间交叉干扰。
The invention relates to a laser photoacoustic spectrum oil and gas on-line monitoring system, comprising: an oil and gas separation unit, which samples the dissolved gas in the transformer oil and separates the oil and gas; Sample gas; a photoacoustic detection unit, connected to the gas circuit unit, generates pulsed light by modulating a laser light source, generates sound waves after absorbing the pulsed light, detects the sound wave intensity through a microphone, and stores the sound wave data; On-site control unit , is connected with the oil-gas separation unit and the photoacoustic detection unit, and transmits the field data to the workstation. Compared with the prior art, the present invention combines the laser semiconductor technology with the photoacoustic spectroscopy technology and applies it to the on-line monitoring of the faulty gas of the transformer insulating oil, which can avoid a large amount of manual maintenance such as consumables in the traditional oil chromatographic on-line monitoring equipment. It can avoid cross-interference between gases in the detection and application of traditional infrared broad-spectrum light source photoacoustic spectroscopy equipment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种油气在线监测系统，尤其是涉及一种激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统。The invention relates to an oil and gas online monitoring system, in particular to a laser photoacoustic spectrum oil and gas online monitoring system.
背景技术Background technique
充油式电力变压器主要采用油纸绝缘，在放电和过热运行过程中，油和纸将裂解，产生C2H2、CO、CO2、H2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6等各种气体，这些气体部分溶解于油中，分析油中溶解气体的成分和比例，可以判断变压器潜伏性故障和类型，并建立起一系列国际国内标准。因此，对于微弱的故障气体含量的检测具有重要的意义。Oil-filled power transformers mainly use oil-paper insulation. During discharge and overheating operation, oil and paper will crack to produce various gases such as C2H2, CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, which are partially dissolved in oil. , analyze the composition and proportion of dissolved gas in oil, can judge the latent fault and type of transformer, and establish a series of international and domestic standards. Therefore, the detection of weak fault gas content is of great significance.
当前，检测变压器油中溶解气体含量比较成熟的是气相色谱法，它在变压器中应用很普遍，但其试验环节多、操作手续繁琐、检测周期长，不能及时快速的反映变压器的故障。针对此现象，又衍生出了光声光谱检测方案，此方案与气相色谱法相比，具有诸多优点①非接触性测量、不消耗任何标准气体；②不需要分离气体、直接确定气体的成分和含量、检测速度快、可实现连续测量；③直接测量气体吸收光能大小，探测灵敏度高，气室体积小。但市面上见到的光声光谱油中气体检测设备以红外宽谱光源、窄带滤光片与机械斩光器的技术方案，在实际应用上因滤光带宽较宽，特征气体交叉干扰明显，而机械斩光带来的震动和机械损耗，会导致设备测试性能逐渐下降。At present, gas chromatography is the most mature method to detect the dissolved gas content in transformer oil. It is widely used in transformers, but it has many test links, cumbersome operation procedures, and long detection cycle, which cannot reflect the fault of the transformer in time and quickly. In response to this phenomenon, a photoacoustic spectroscopy detection scheme has been derived. Compared with gas chromatography, this scheme has many advantages: (1) Non-contact measurement and does not consume any standard gas; (2) No gas separation is required, and the composition and content of the gas can be directly determined. , The detection speed is fast, and continuous measurement can be realized; ③ Direct measurement of gas absorption light energy, high detection sensitivity, small gas chamber volume. However, the photoacoustic spectroscopy oil gas detection equipment seen on the market uses the technical solution of infrared broad-spectrum light source, narrow-band filter and mechanical chopper. In practical application, due to the wide filter bandwidth, the characteristic gas cross-interference is obvious. The vibration and mechanical loss caused by mechanical chopping will lead to a gradual decline in the test performance of the equipment.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas on-line monitoring system in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:
一种激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统，包括：A laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas online monitoring system, comprising:
油气分离单元，对变压器油中溶解气体进行采样和油气分离；Oil-gas separation unit, sampling and oil-gas separation of dissolved gas in transformer oil;
气路单元，与所述的油气分离单元连接，输送油气分离后的样气；The gas circuit unit is connected with the oil and gas separation unit, and transports the sample gas after the oil and gas separation;
光声检测单元，与所述的气路单元连接，通过调制激光光源产生脉冲光，样气吸收脉冲光后产生声波，通过微音器检测声波强度，并储存声波数据；The photoacoustic detection unit is connected with the gas circuit unit, generates pulsed light by modulating the laser light source, generates sound waves after the sample gas absorbs the pulsed light, detects the sound wave intensity through a microphone, and stores the sound wave data;
现场控制单元，与所述的油气分离单元和光声检测单元连接，将现场数据输送至工作站。The on-site control unit is connected with the oil-gas separation unit and the photoacoustic detection unit, and transmits on-site data to the workstation.
所述的油气分离单元采用真空定量脱气方法进行脱气。The oil and gas separation unit is degassed by vacuum quantitative degassing method.
所述的光声检测单元包括依次连接的光声池、前置放大器、锁相放大器、A/D转换器和DSP，还包括激光光源、调制器和微音器，所述的调制器设置在激光光源和光声池之间，所述的锁相放大器与调制器连接，所述的微音器与光声池连接。The photoacoustic detection unit includes a photoacoustic cell, a preamplifier, a lock-in amplifier, an A/D converter and a DSP that are connected in sequence, and also includes a laser light source, a modulator and a microphone, and the modulator is arranged at Between the laser light source and the photoacoustic cell, the lock-in amplifier is connected with the modulator, and the microphone is connected with the photoacoustic cell.
所述的激光光源为半导体激光器。The laser light source is a semiconductor laser.
所述的微音器为电容式或驻极体式微音器。The microphone is a condenser type or electret type microphone.
所述的油气分离单元包括与变压器油阀门连接的真空脱气油气分离装置。The oil-gas separation unit includes a vacuum degassing oil-gas separation device connected with the transformer oil valve.
所述的系统还包括与工作站连接的APP，APP用于设置系统启停、检测周期、读取油样检测时间与故障气体浓度、油气浓度超限报警信息，支持账号与权限设置。The system also includes an APP connected to the workstation. The APP is used to set the system start and stop, detection cycle, read oil sample detection time and fault gas concentration, and alarm information about oil and gas concentration exceeding the limit, and support account and authority settings.
所述的现场控制单元与油气分离单元和光声检测单元之间通过隔离式485总线通信。The on-site control unit communicates with the oil and gas separation unit and the photoacoustic detection unit through an isolated 485 bus.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)将激光半导体技术与光声光谱技术相结合，运用到变压器绝缘油故障气体在线监测研究中，此方案可避开传统油色谱在线监测设备中耗材等大量人工维护量，也可避免传统红外宽谱光源光声光谱设备检测运用中气体之间交叉干扰，激光稳定性好，单色性等优势，决定了激光光声光谱油气在线监测方案的可行性与突出优势。(1) The combination of laser semiconductor technology and photoacoustic spectroscopy technology is applied to the on-line monitoring of transformer insulating oil fault gas. This solution can avoid a lot of manual maintenance such as consumables in traditional oil chromatography on-line monitoring equipment, and can also avoid traditional oil chromatography on-line monitoring equipment. Infrared broad-spectrum light source photoacoustic spectroscopy equipment has the advantages of cross-interference between gases, good laser stability, and monochromaticity, which determine the feasibility and outstanding advantages of the laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas online monitoring program.
(2)采用不与空气接触，油样“0”污染、“0”损耗的真空定量脱气方法进行脱气，其脱气率高，脱气时间短，解决了以往油气分离装置脱气时间长，可重复性差的缺点。(2) The vacuum quantitative degassing method with no contact with air, "0" pollution and "0" loss of oil sample is used for degassing, which has high degassing rate and short degassing time, which solves the degassing time of previous oil and gas separation devices. Disadvantages of long, poor repeatability.
(3)激光光源为半导体激光器，具有带宽窄、连续可调、体积小、重量轻、可在室温工作和能与光纤耦合的优点。(3) The laser light source is a semiconductor laser, which has the advantages of narrow bandwidth, continuously adjustable, small size, light weight, can work at room temperature and can be coupled with optical fiber.
(4)将电力物联网技术引入到系统中，用于油气浓度检测数据实时随时随地查看与读取，同时软件支持账号与权限设置，方便油气设备管理。(4) The power Internet of Things technology is introduced into the system for real-time viewing and reading of oil and gas concentration detection data anytime and anywhere. At the same time, the software supports account and permission settings to facilitate oil and gas equipment management.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas online monitoring system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
实施例Example
如图1所示，一种激光光声光谱油气在线监测系统，包括：As shown in Figure 1, a laser photoacoustic spectroscopy oil and gas online monitoring system includes:
油气分离单元1，对变压器油中溶解气体进行采样和油气分离，采用真空定量脱气方法进行脱气。The oil and gas separation unit 1 samples the dissolved gas in the transformer oil and separates the oil and gas, and uses the vacuum quantitative degassing method for degassing.
气路单元2，与油气分离单元连接，输送油气分离后的样气至光声检测单元的光声池。The gas circuit unit 2 is connected with the oil and gas separation unit, and transports the sample gas after oil and gas separation to the photoacoustic cell of the photoacoustic detection unit.
光声检测单元3，与气路单元连接，通过调制激光光源产生脉冲光，样气吸收脉冲光后产生声波，通过微音器检测声波强度，并储存声波数据；The photoacoustic detection unit 3 is connected to the gas circuit unit, generates pulsed light by modulating the laser light source, generates sound waves after the sample gas absorbs the pulsed light, detects the sound wave intensity through a microphone, and stores the sound wave data;
光声检测单元3包括依次连接的光声池31、前置放大器32、锁相放大器33、A/D转换器34和DSP35，还包括激光光源36、调制器37和微音器38，调制器37设置在激光光源36和光声池31之间，锁相放大器33与调制器37连接，微音器38与光声池31连接；The photoacoustic detection unit 3 includes a photoacoustic cell 31, a preamplifier 32, a lock-in amplifier 33, an A/D converter 34 and a DSP 35 connected in sequence, and also includes a laser light source 36, a modulator 37 and a microphone 38. The modulator 37 is arranged between the laser light source 36 and the photoacoustic cell 31, the lock-in amplifier 33 is connected with the modulator 37, and the microphone 38 is connected with the photoacoustic cell 31;
光声检测单元3检测工作原理是，当把样气送入光声池31后，调制激光光源产生脉冲光，光辐射到光声池31，气体通过吸收光脉冲，产生声波，通过高灵敏度微音器检测其强度，然后信号通过前置放大、锁相放大后，用高精度AD和高速DSP采集其数据，并储存；The detection working principle of the photoacoustic detection unit 3 is that when the sample gas is sent into the photoacoustic cell 31, the laser light source is modulated to generate pulsed light, and the light is radiated to the photoacoustic cell 31. The sound device detects its strength, and then the signal is collected by high-precision AD and high-speed DSP after pre-amplification and phase-locked amplification, and stored;
光声池有谐振式和非谐振式两种，谐振式的光声池可以利用自身的特殊结构，对噪音信号进行抑制，另外也可以避免因池壁和池窗等结构产生光声光谱信号；其缺点是：谐振腔需要闭环电路控制调制频率来保持探测器的校正，这使得系统复杂程度提高，稳定谐振频率的温度稳定系统也使得谐振池体积和重量大大增加。非谐振式的光声池，其结构简单，体积可以做得很小，但噪声抑制能力差，不能连续流动式采样。因而需要综合考虑油中溶解气光声测量系统的技术要求和测量环境等多方面的因素优化设计光声池；There are two types of photoacoustic cells: resonant and non-resonant. The resonant photoacoustic cell can use its own special structure to suppress noise signals, and can also avoid photoacoustic spectral signals due to cell walls and cell windows and other structures; The disadvantage is that the resonant cavity requires a closed-loop circuit to control the modulation frequency to maintain the calibration of the detector, which increases the complexity of the system, and the temperature-stabilized system that stabilizes the resonant frequency also greatly increases the volume and weight of the resonant cell. The non-resonant photoacoustic cell has a simple structure and can be made small in volume, but has poor noise suppression capability and cannot be continuously sampled. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design of the photoacoustic cell by comprehensively considering the technical requirements of the photoacoustic measurement system for dissolved gas in oil and the measurement environment and other factors;
油气分析通常需要对甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙炔、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氢气等多种气体成分进行测量和分析，研究各种气体的红外光谱(氢气为对称极性分子，无吸收谱线)吸收特征和其它物理特征，结合光源和滤光片的工作特性，对这些气体进行高分辨的光谱识别和定量浓度计算。通过理论和实验上对各种气体的红外光谱特性研究，建立准确的数学模型，编制能够快速在线计算分析的计算机软件程序。Oil and gas analysis usually needs to measure and analyze various gas components such as methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc., and study the infrared spectrum of various gases (hydrogen is a symmetrical polar molecule, no absorption line) absorption Characteristics and other physical characteristics, combined with the operating characteristics of light sources and filters, allow high-resolution spectral identification and quantitative concentration calculations for these gases. Through theoretical and experimental research on the infrared spectral characteristics of various gases, an accurate mathematical model is established, and a computer software program that can quickly calculate and analyze online is compiled.
现场控制单元4，与油气分离单元和光声检测单元连接，该单元实现对整个现场监测系统的控制和实现数据通信功能。现场的控制包括油气分离装置的样气采集控制、气路控制系统的控制、光声测量系统的气体浓度测量控制、数据通信将现场数据输送至工作站5。The on-site control unit 4 is connected with the oil-gas separation unit and the photoacoustic detection unit, and the unit realizes the control of the entire on-site monitoring system and realizes the function of data communication. The on-site control includes sample gas acquisition control of the oil and gas separation device, control of the gas circuit control system, gas concentration measurement control of the photoacoustic measurement system, and data communication to transmit the field data to the workstation 5 .
其中，激光光源36为半导体激光器，半导体激光器凭借其带宽窄、连续可调、体积小、重量轻、可在室温工作和能与光纤藕合等优点，近年来成为光声光谱系统光源的理想选择。通过特定半导体激光器的组合，可以满足变压器油中溶解气体的测试要求。光声池的设计是决定气体测量灵敏度的关键。设计方向：1)、需要尽量做好良好的声屏蔽，没有外界噪音的干扰，2)、提高光声池的常数而抑制背景噪声以需要获得高灵敏度3)、必须获得小的光声池容积实现微量气体测量和快速连续测量；4)、尽可能增强样本的辐射光强，或池内的声音共振，提高信噪比。Among them, the laser light source 36 is a semiconductor laser. The semiconductor laser has become an ideal choice for the light source of the photoacoustic spectroscopy system in recent years due to its narrow bandwidth, continuously adjustable, small size, light weight, can work at room temperature, and can be coupled with optical fibers. . The test requirements for dissolved gases in transformer oil can be met by a combination of specific semiconductor lasers. The design of the photoacoustic cell is the key to determining the sensitivity of gas measurement. Design direction: 1), it is necessary to do good sound shielding as much as possible, and there is no interference from external noise, 2), improve the constant of the photoacoustic cell and suppress the background noise to obtain high sensitivity 3), must obtain a small volume of the photoacoustic cell To achieve trace gas measurement and rapid continuous measurement; 4), enhance the radiation intensity of the sample as much as possible, or the sound resonance in the cell, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
微音器38为电容式或驻极体式微音器。Microphone 38 is a condenser or electret microphone.
油气分离单元1包括与变压器油阀门11连接的真空脱气油气分离装置12，油气分离方法从原理上区分主要有膜脱气法、溶解平衡法和真空法，真空脱气法具有脱气率较高、重复性好，无污染等优点。The oil and gas separation unit 1 includes a vacuum degassing oil and gas separation device 12 connected to the transformer oil valve 11. The oil and gas separation methods are mainly divided into membrane degassing method, dissolution equilibrium method and vacuum method in principle. The vacuum degassing method has a higher degassing rate. High, repeatability, no pollution and other advantages.
系统还包括与工作站连接的APP，APP用于设置系统启停、检测周期、读取油样检测时间与故障气体浓度、油气浓度超限报警信息，支持账号与权限设置。The system also includes an APP connected to the workstation. The APP is used to set the system start and stop, detection cycle, read oil sample detection time and fault gas concentration, and alarm information about oil and gas concentration exceeding the limit. It supports account and permission settings.
现场控制单元4与油气分离单元1和光声检测单元3之间通过隔离式485总线通信。The field control unit 4 communicates with the oil and gas separation unit 1 and the photoacoustic detection unit 3 through an isolated 485 bus.
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