CN110243746A - A device and method for rapid in-situ testing of coal seam permeability through bed drilling - Google Patents
A device and method for rapid in-situ testing of coal seam permeability through bed drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 173
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置和方法，装置包括注气筛管，注气筛管两端分别设有第一和第二胶囊封阻器，第一封阻器位于连接推杆和注气筛管之间；第一封阻器的内部穿设有高压注气管，高压注气管一端与注气筛管连接，另一端穿出与水力增压器连接，其管路上设有气体压力传感器和气体质量流量控制器；水力增压器由无杆活塞分隔成两个容腔，第一容腔分别通过控制阀门与高压注气管和压力气源择一连通，第二容腔与高压水泵组的第一出口端口连通。测试方法基于测试孔装置实施。本发明的有益效果是，装置操作方便，便于携带，可重复利用；测试方法充分利用煤矿井下的压风自救设备和高压水泵组的便利条件进行测试，可大大提高煤层渗透率测试效率。
The invention discloses a device and method for rapidly in-situ testing coal seam permeability by drilling through layers. The blocker is located between the connecting push rod and the gas injection screen; the first blocker is pierced with a high-pressure gas injection pipe, one end of the high-pressure gas injection pipe is connected to the gas injection screen, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic booster The pipeline is equipped with a gas pressure sensor and a gas mass flow controller; the hydraulic booster is divided into two chambers by a rodless piston, and the first chamber is respectively connected to a high-pressure gas injection pipe and a pressure gas source through a control valve. , the second cavity communicates with the first outlet port of the high-pressure water pump set. The test method is implemented based on the test hole device. The beneficial effect of the invention is that the device is easy to operate, portable and reusable; the test method fully utilizes the convenient conditions of the compressed air self-rescue equipment and the high-pressure water pump set in the underground coal mine for testing, which can greatly improve the test efficiency of the coal seam permeability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于煤层瓦斯抽采领域，具体涉及一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置和方法。The invention belongs to the field of coal seam gas drainage, and in particular relates to a device and a method for quickly in-situ testing coal seam permeability through bed drilling.
背景技术Background technique
随着煤矿开采深度的逐渐增加，煤层的地应力和瓦斯压力不断增加，煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸、煤与瓦斯突出等瓦斯灾害频发。为防止瓦斯灾害的发生，在开采高瓦斯煤层之前，需要预先抽采煤层中瓦斯，降低煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量。煤层瓦斯的主要成分是甲烷，是非常规天然气的重要组成部分，抽采煤层瓦斯可以减缓我国天然气能源短缺的现状。因此，抽采煤层瓦斯不仅有利于煤矿安全开采，还有利于清洁能源的开采利用。煤层瓦斯的抽采效率主要取决于煤层的渗透率，由于煤层赋存条件变化较大，即使在同一煤层中，不同地点、深度煤体的渗透率也可能有较大程度的差异，这极大的影响了对煤层瓦斯抽采效果的评估。With the gradual increase of coal mine mining depth, the in-situ stress and gas pressure of coal seams continue to increase, and gas disasters such as gas explosions and coal and gas outbursts occur frequently in coal mines. In order to prevent the occurrence of gas disasters, it is necessary to pre-drain the gas in the coal seam before mining the high-gas coal seam to reduce the gas pressure and gas content of the coal seam. The main component of coalbed methane is methane, which is an important part of unconventional natural gas. The extraction of coalbed methane can alleviate the current shortage of natural gas energy in my country. Therefore, the extraction of coal seam gas is not only conducive to the safe mining of coal mines, but also conducive to the exploitation and utilization of clean energy. The extraction efficiency of coal seam gas mainly depends on the permeability of the coal seam. Since the occurrence conditions of the coal seam vary greatly, even in the same coal seam, the permeability of the coal body at different locations and depths may also have a large degree of difference, which is very important. impact on the assessment of the effectiveness of coal seam gas drainage.
对于低渗透性的煤层，通常需要采用区域性或局部性煤层增透技术增加其渗透性，提高煤层瓦斯抽采效率。当采用煤层增透技术处理煤层后，通常难以直接观测到其增透效果，可通过测试煤层渗透率的方式评估煤层增透的效果。现阶段煤矿采用的封孔测压测流等煤层透气性的测试方法，是通过在煤层瓦斯试抽采过程中进行流量和压力监测，通过公式计算获得煤层渗透率。由于，需要通过多种压力条件下的流速数据，才能获得更加准确的渗透率。故其测试时间长，不利于煤层渗透率的快速准确获得。尽管目前出现了煤层原位测试方法，该方法通过胶囊封孔器实现穿层钻孔的座封，然后，将测试装置至于钻孔的密封段内进行流量和压力测试，相对于非原位测试能够获得更加准确的渗透率结果，为瓦斯抽采效果评估提供更加准确的依据，但该方法仍然是在瓦斯试抽采的排放过程中进行，难以根本改变测试时长度，或者，难以获得更加多样的测试数据。因此，为更加方便、快速地进行煤层渗透率原位测试，准确的评估煤层瓦斯抽采效果，本发明提供了一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置和方法。For low-permeability coal seams, it is usually necessary to adopt regional or local coal seam anti-permeability technology to increase its permeability and improve the efficiency of coal seam gas drainage. When the coal seam anti-permeability technology is used to treat the coal seam, it is usually difficult to directly observe its anti-permeability effect, and the effect of the coal seam anti-permeability can be evaluated by testing the permeability of the coal seam. At present, coal mines adopt methods of testing coal seam permeability such as hole sealing, pressure measurement and flow measurement, which are to monitor the flow rate and pressure during the test extraction process of coal seam gas, and calculate the coal seam permeability through formula calculation. Because it is necessary to obtain more accurate permeability through flow rate data under various pressure conditions. Therefore, the long test time is not conducive to the rapid and accurate acquisition of coal seam permeability. Although there is an in-situ test method for coal seams, this method uses a capsule hole sealer to seal the borehole through the bed, and then puts the test device in the sealing section of the borehole to perform flow and pressure tests. Compared with the non-in-situ test It is possible to obtain more accurate permeability results and provide a more accurate basis for the evaluation of gas drainage effects, but this method is still carried out during the discharge process of gas test drainage, and it is difficult to fundamentally change the length of the test period, or it is difficult to obtain more diverse test data. Therefore, in order to conduct in-situ testing of coal seam permeability more conveniently and quickly, and accurately evaluate coal seam gas extraction effects, the present invention provides a device and method for quickly in-situ testing coal seam permeability by drilling through seams.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的第一目的就是针对现有技术中在瓦斯排放过程中进行煤层渗透率测试耗时长的不足，提供一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置，该装置包括胶囊封阻器和水力增压器，以通过胶囊封阻器在穿层钻孔的煤层外两端形成座封，通过水力增压器向煤层密封段内注入高压气体，通过对注入气体压力和流速的控制和监测，从而获得煤层瓦斯渗透率。其结构简单，测试耗时短，并通过注入压力的变化可获得多种压力条件下的流量参数，使渗透率测试结果更加准确。本发明的第二目的是提供一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的方法，该方法基于前述装置实施，并采用阶梯型递增方式增大注入密封段的压力，再以通过该方法获得煤层原位渗透率，为获得更加准确的预估煤层的抽采效果结果创造条件。The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for quickly in-situ testing coal seam permeability through bed drilling to solve the time-consuming problem of coal seam permeability testing in the process of gas discharge in the prior art. The capsule blocker and the hydraulic booster are used to form a seat seal at both ends of the coal seam of the drilled hole through the capsule blocker, and the high-pressure gas is injected into the sealing section of the coal seam through the hydraulic booster. By controlling the pressure and flow rate of the injected gas and monitoring, so as to obtain the gas permeability of the coal seam. Its structure is simple, the test time is short, and the flow parameters under various pressure conditions can be obtained through the change of injection pressure, so that the permeability test results are more accurate. The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for fast in-situ testing of coal seam permeability through bed drilling, the method is implemented based on the aforementioned device, and the pressure of the injection sealing section is increased in a stepwise incremental manner, and then passed through the method Obtaining the in-situ permeability of the coal seam creates conditions for obtaining a more accurate prediction of the drainage effect of the coal seam.
为实现第一目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。To achieve the first purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置，包括位于管状结构的连接推杆前端的注气筛管，注气筛管两端分别设有第一胶囊封阻器和第二胶囊封阻器，第一胶囊封阻器连接在连接推杆和注气筛管之间；第一胶囊封阻器的内部穿设有高压注气管，高压注气管一端与注气筛管的进口端连接，另一端由连接推杆内部穿出，并与水力增压器连接，且高压注气管的管路上设有气体压力传感器和气体质量流量控制器；水力增压器内设有无杆活塞，水力增压器由无杆活塞分隔成两个容腔，第一容腔分别通过控制阀门与高压注气管和压力气源择一连通，第二容腔与高压水泵组的第一出口端口连通；所述第二胶囊封阻器的注水口与第一胶囊封阻器的胶囊内部空腔连通，第一胶囊封阻器的注水口与高压水泵组的第二出口端口连通。A device for quickly in-situ testing coal seam permeability through bed drilling, including a gas injection screen located at the front end of a tubular structure connecting push rod, and a first capsule blocker and a second capsule are respectively provided at both ends of the gas injection screen Blocker, the first capsule blocker is connected between the connecting push rod and the gas injection screen; the inside of the first capsule blocker is provided with a high-pressure gas injection pipe, and one end of the high-pressure gas injection pipe is connected to the inlet end of the gas injection screen. The other end passes through the connecting push rod and is connected to the hydraulic booster, and the high-pressure gas injection pipe is equipped with a gas pressure sensor and a gas mass flow controller; the hydraulic booster is equipped with a rodless piston. The hydraulic booster is divided into two chambers by the rodless piston, the first chamber is respectively connected with the high-pressure gas injection pipe and the pressure gas source through the control valve, and the second chamber is connected with the first outlet port of the high-pressure water pump group; The water injection port of the second capsule blocker communicates with the capsule inner cavity of the first capsule blocker, and the water injection port of the first capsule blocker communicates with the second outlet port of the high-pressure water pump group.
采用前述技术方案的本发明，通过胶囊封阻器在钻孔的煤层段两端形成水力座封，使穿层钻孔的煤层段形成密封段。测试时，通过水力增压方式向煤层内注入压力气体，从而通过对注入气体压力和流速等参数测定，并通过换算获得煤层渗透率。相对于传统测试方法和现有的原位测试方法而言，不是通过检测瓦斯气体进行，而是通过高压注入的气体进行。其测试耗时短，并通过注入压力的变化可获得多种压力条件下的流量参数，使渗透率测试结果更加准确，且装置结构简单、操作方便。In the present invention adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the capsule blocker is used to form a hydraulic seat at both ends of the coal seam section of the drilled hole, so that the coal seam section of the drilled hole through the bed forms a sealing section. During the test, pressurized gas is injected into the coal seam by means of hydraulic pressurization, so that parameters such as the pressure and flow rate of the injected gas are measured, and the permeability of the coal seam is obtained through conversion. Compared with traditional testing methods and existing in-situ testing methods, it is not carried out by detecting methane gas, but by high-pressure injected gas. The test takes a short time, and the flow parameters under various pressure conditions can be obtained through the change of injection pressure, so that the test result of the permeability is more accurate, and the device has a simple structure and is easy to operate.
优选的，所述第一胶囊封阻器和第二胶囊封阻器的承压能力不小于20MPa；所述第一容腔与注气筛管之间的注气管路承载能力比小于10MPa。以实现10MPa以内的高压气注入效果，确保具有宽泛的增压范围，实现更加精准的测试效果。Preferably, the pressure bearing capacity of the first capsule occluder and the second capsule occluder is not less than 20MPa; the bearing capacity ratio of the gas injection pipeline between the first cavity and the gas injection screen is less than 10MPa. To achieve the effect of high-pressure gas injection within 10MPa, to ensure a wide pressurization range and to achieve more accurate test results.
优选的，所述压力气源为井下风压自救器。以充分利用现有进下条件，减少测试准备工作量，提高测试效率，降低测试成本。Preferably, the pressure gas source is a downhole wind pressure self-rescuer. In order to make full use of the existing entry and exit conditions, reduce the workload of test preparation, improve test efficiency, and reduce test costs.
进一步优选的，所述连接推杆由多节螺合接长的管段构成。以根据煤层深度选择管段数量和长度，确保使用范围广。Further preferably, the connecting push rod is composed of multi-section threaded and connected long pipe sections. The number and length of pipe sections can be selected according to the depth of the coal seam to ensure a wide range of use.
优选的，所述高压注气管和压力气源分别通过对应的流体截止阀与所述第一容腔形成择一连通。以通过技术成熟的通用阀门实现通断控制，降低装置复杂程度，减少故障率，确保装置运行可靠性。Preferably, the high-pressure gas injection pipe and the pressure gas source respectively communicate with the first cavity through corresponding fluid shut-off valves. The on-off control is realized through the general-purpose valve with mature technology, which reduces the complexity of the device, reduces the failure rate, and ensures the reliability of the device operation.
为实现第二目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。To achieve the second purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的方法，基于实现第一发明目的的装置实施，包括以下步骤：A method for fast in-situ testing of coal seam permeability through bed drilling is implemented based on the device for realizing the purpose of the first invention, comprising the following steps:
第一步，测试准备：包括穿层测试钻孔布置和测试装置安装连接；其中，穿层测试钻孔布置包括，根据施工地点和煤层之间的位置关系，在运输大巷、高抽巷、底抽巷或石门类岩石巷道中布置穿层测试钻孔；穿层钻孔直径与煤层渗透率原位测试装置中置入钻孔的连接推杆、注气筛管和胶囊封阻器相匹配；并在穿层钻孔施工过程中，记录钻孔岩石段长度和煤层段长度；测试装置安装连接包括，将高压水泵组布置在井下，按连接关系和通过设置密封垫片进行密封连接固定，并连接数据传输线；按钻孔岩石段长度和煤层段长度确定连接推杆长度，并用确定长度的连接推杆将注气筛管和胶囊封阻器置于钻孔中；The first step is test preparation: including the drilling layout for the penetration test and the installation and connection of the test device; among them, the drilling layout for the penetration test includes, according to the positional relationship between the construction site and the coal seam, in the transportation roadway, high pumping roadway, Arrange through-bed test drill holes in bottom pumping roadway or Shimen rock roadway; the diameter of the through-bed drill hole matches the connecting push rod, gas injection screen and capsule blocker placed in the drill hole in the in-situ test device for coal seam permeability and in the process of drilling through layers, record the length of the rock section of the drill hole and the length of the coal seam section; the installation and connection of the test device includes arranging the high-pressure water pump group in the underground, and performing sealing connection and fixing according to the connection relationship and by setting the sealing gasket, And connect the data transmission line; determine the length of the connecting push rod according to the length of the rock section of the drill hole and the length of the coal seam section, and use the connecting push rod of the determined length to place the gas injection screen and the capsule blocker in the borehole;
第二步，原始煤层瓦斯压力测定：利用高压水泵组向两个胶囊封阻器中注入高压水，使其胶囊膨胀紧贴钻孔内壁，实现对钻孔煤层段的密封，从而形成钻孔煤层密封段；再利用高压水泵组和水力增压器将预先注入第一容腔内的气体以恒定的压力注入钻孔煤层密封段；当钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力达到目标值后，关闭控制阀门；等待钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力稳定，并将该稳定的压力值定义为煤层原始瓦斯压力；The second step is to measure the gas pressure of the original coal seam: use the high-pressure water pump group to inject high-pressure water into the two capsule blockers, so that the capsules expand and cling to the inner wall of the borehole, so as to realize the sealing of the coal seam section of the borehole, thereby forming the coal seam of the borehole The sealing section; the gas pre-injected into the first cavity is injected into the sealing section of the borehole coal seam at a constant pressure by using the high-pressure water pump group and the hydraulic booster; when the gas pressure in the coal seam sealing section of the borehole reaches the target value, the control valve is closed Valve; wait for the gas pressure in the coal seam sealing section of the borehole to be stable, and define the stable pressure value as the original gas pressure of the coal seam;
第三步，定速注入气体：利用水力增压器和高压水泵组保持第一容腔压力，通过气体质量流量控制器，以恒定速度向钻孔煤层密封段注入气体；通过气体压力传感器监测钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力；待气体压力稳定后，以阶梯型递增方式增加气体注入速度，并在不同气体注入速度条件下，测定钻孔煤层密封段的稳定气体压力值；The third step is to inject gas at a constant speed: use a hydraulic booster and a high-pressure water pump group to maintain the pressure in the first chamber, and inject gas into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole at a constant speed through a gas mass flow controller; monitor the drill hole through a gas pressure sensor The gas pressure of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole; after the gas pressure is stable, the gas injection rate is increased in a stepwise incremental manner, and under different gas injection rate conditions, the stable gas pressure value of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is measured;
第四步，煤层渗透率计算：The fourth step, coal seam permeability calculation:
首先，先判断注入的气体在煤层中的流动是否属于达西流动，根据气体注入速度、对应的注入气体压力和原始煤层瓦斯压力，在直角坐标系中描述注气速度Qsc和压力平方差(P1 2-P0 2)之间的函数关系，验证随着注气压力的提高，注气速度Qsc是否与压力平方差(P1 2-P0 2)呈线性关系；First, judge whether the flow of injected gas in the coal seam belongs to Darcy flow, and describe the gas injection speed Q sc and the square difference of pressure ( P 1 2 -P 0 2 ), to verify whether the gas injection rate Q sc has a linear relationship with the pressure square difference (P 1 2 -P 0 2 ) as the gas injection pressure increases;
再选取注气速度与压力平方差呈线性关系的数据点，根据气体注入速度、对应的注入气体压力、钻孔煤层密封段长度以及原始瓦斯压力计算煤层渗透率；Then select the data point where the gas injection rate is linearly related to the square difference of the pressure, and calculate the coal seam permeability according to the gas injection rate, the corresponding injected gas pressure, the length of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole, and the original gas pressure;
煤层渗透率计算公式如下：The formula for calculating coal seam permeability is as follows:
式中：k为岩石渗透率；In the formula: k is rock permeability;
Psc标准大气压条件下注入气体的压力；P sc is the pressure of injected gas under the standard atmospheric pressure condition;
Qsc标准大气压条件下注入气体的体积流量；Q sc is the volumetric flow rate of injected gas under standard atmospheric pressure conditions;
μ为气体动力黏性系数；μ is the gas dynamic viscosity coefficient;
L为钻孔煤层密封段长度，该长度与注气筛管长度相等；L is the length of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole, which is equal to the length of the gas injection screen;
P1为向钻孔煤层密封段注气时的气体压力；P 1 is the gas pressure when injecting gas into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole;
P0为原始煤层瓦斯压力；P 0 is the original coal seam gas pressure;
rout为试验影响半径，工程应用中可取为L+b/2，其中，b为单根胶囊封阻器长度；r out is the influence radius of the test, which can be taken as L+b/2 in engineering applications, where b is the length of a single capsule blocker;
rin为钻孔半径；r in is the drilling radius;
对计算得到的多组数据求平均值，即可得到煤层渗透率；The coal seam permeability can be obtained by calculating the average value of multiple sets of data obtained through calculation;
第五步，拆除原位测试煤层渗透率设备：卸除钻孔中注入的气体压力以及胶囊封阻器中的水压；利用矿用钻机将连接推杆、胶囊封阻器和注气筛管抽出钻孔。The fifth step is to dismantle the equipment for in-situ testing of coal seam permeability: remove the gas pressure injected into the borehole and the water pressure in the capsule blocker; use a mining rig to connect the push rod, capsule blocker and gas injection screen Pull out the borehole.
采用前述方案的本发明，首先布置测试钻孔并司钻到位，之后，将实现第一发明目的装置进行连接、安装，再进行钻孔煤层段水力座封；最后，通过水力增压器向钻孔煤层密封段注入高压气体，从而通过对注入气体压力和流速等参数测定，并通过换算获得煤层渗透率。相对于传统测试方法和现有的原位测试方法而言，不是通过检测瓦斯气体进行，而是通过高压注入的气体进行。其测试耗时短，并通过注入压力的变化可获得多种压力条件下的流量参数，使渗透率测试结果更加准确。Adopt the present invention of aforementioned scheme, at first arrange test borehole and driller put in place, afterwards, will realize the device of the first invention object be connected, install, carry out drilling coal seam segment hydraulic seat again; The high-pressure gas is injected into the sealing section of the hole coal seam, so that the parameters such as the injected gas pressure and flow rate are measured, and the permeability of the coal seam is obtained through conversion. Compared with traditional testing methods and existing in-situ testing methods, it is not carried out by detecting methane gas, but by high-pressure injected gas. The test time is short, and the flow parameters under various pressure conditions can be obtained through the change of injection pressure, so that the permeability test results are more accurate.
优选的，测试装置的具体连接过程包括：在注气筛管的两端分别连接一根第一胶囊封阻器和第二胶囊封阻器，第一胶囊封阻器和第二胶囊封阻器通过注水通道连通，注水通道与高压注水管连接；将高压注气管与第一胶囊封阻器的进气通道相连接；将高压注气管从连接推杆的中空部穿过，并将连接推杆与第一胶囊封阻器自由端连接；利用矿用钻机和连接推杆按第二胶囊封阻器朝向钻孔里端的方式将注气筛管和两个胶囊封阻器推送入钻孔中并至预定位置；再将高压注气管依次通过流体截止阀和气体质量流量控制器与水力增压器的第一容腔连接，并在连接管路上设置气体压力传感器；最后将高压注水管和水力增压器的第二容腔分别与高压水泵组的两个出水管路分别连通，并在相应管路上各设置一流体截止阀。以使测试装置连接正确，运行可靠，确保测试结果准确。Preferably, the specific connection process of the test device includes: respectively connecting a first capsule blocker and a second capsule blocker at both ends of the gas injection screen, and the first capsule blocker and the second capsule blocker The water injection channel is connected through the water injection channel, and the water injection channel is connected with the high-pressure water injection pipe; the high-pressure gas injection pipe is connected with the air inlet channel of the first capsule blocker; the high-pressure gas injection pipe is passed through the hollow part of the connecting push rod, and the connecting push rod Connect with the free end of the first capsule blocker; push the gas injection screen and the two capsule blockers into the borehole with the second capsule blocker towards the inner end of the borehole by using the mining drill and the connecting push rod and to the predetermined position; then connect the high-pressure gas injection pipe to the first chamber of the hydraulic booster through the fluid shut-off valve and the gas mass flow controller in sequence, and set a gas pressure sensor on the connecting pipe; finally connect the high-pressure water injection pipe and the hydraulic booster The second cavity of the pressurizer communicates with the two outlet pipelines of the high-pressure water pump group respectively, and a fluid shut-off valve is respectively arranged on the corresponding pipelines. In order to make the test device connected correctly, the operation is reliable, and the test results are guaranteed to be accurate.
进一步优选的，所述钻孔煤层密封段是指胶囊注水膨胀后两胶囊封阻器之间的钻孔部分，该钻孔煤层密封段的承压能力大于等于10MPa。以获得更宽的增压范围，确保检测结果更加准确。Further preferably, the coal seam sealing section of the borehole refers to the borehole part between the two capsule blockers after the capsule is injected with water and expands, and the coal seam sealing section of the borehole has a pressure bearing capacity greater than or equal to 10 MPa. In order to obtain a wider pressure range, to ensure more accurate detection results.
进一步优选的，原始瓦斯压力测试时，注入钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力目标值为通过对邻近煤层测试得到的原始瓦斯压力值。以利用邻近煤层与本煤层原始瓦斯压力参数相同或接近的特点进行本煤层原始瓦斯压力的测试，进一步提高测试的快速性。Further preferably, during the original gas pressure test, the gas pressure target value injected into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is the original gas pressure value obtained by testing the adjacent coal seam. The test of the original gas pressure of the coal seam is carried out by using the characteristics that the adjacent coal seam is the same or close to the original gas pressure parameters of the coal seam, and the rapidity of the test is further improved.
进一步优选的，所述阶梯型递增方式增加气体注入速度是指，在钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力达到平衡后，提高气体注入速度至某一值，待气体压力稳定后，再继续提高注入速度至下一值。以确保每一个压力段的测试数据准确，进而确保测试结果的正确性和可靠性。Further preferably, increasing the gas injection rate in a stepwise incremental manner refers to increasing the gas injection rate to a certain value after the gas pressure in the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is balanced, and continuing to increase the gas injection rate after the gas pressure is stabilized to the next value. To ensure that the test data of each pressure section is accurate, thereby ensuring the correctness and reliability of the test results.
本发明具有以下有益效果：测试装置操作方便，便于携带，可重复利用；测试方法充分利用矿井常用的压风自救设备和高压水泵组，以及原位测试煤层渗透率设备快速地进行煤层原位渗透率测试，可大大提高渗透率测试效率，为煤层瓦斯抽采效果的精确预测提供基础数据。The invention has the following beneficial effects: the test device is easy to operate, portable and reusable; the test method makes full use of the commonly used compressed air self-rescue equipment and high-pressure water pumps in mines, and the in-situ test coal seam permeability equipment to quickly perform in-situ coal seam infiltration Permeability test can greatly improve the efficiency of permeability test, and provide basic data for the accurate prediction of coal seam gas drainage effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.
图2为本发明装置中的座封系统和注气筛管的连接关系示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the sealing system and the gas injection screen in the device of the present invention.
图3为本发明装置中的水力增压系统示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic pressurization system in the device of the present invention.
图4为利用本发明装置进行原位煤层渗透率检测的流程框图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of in-situ coal seam permeability detection using the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明型作进一步的说明，实施例是示例性的，仅用于揭示和解释本发明型，以便充分理解本发明型，但并不因此将本发明型限制在所述的实施例范围之内。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, embodiment is exemplary, only for revealing and explaining the present invention, in order to fully understand the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention to described implementation within the scope of the example.
实施例1，参见图1、图2、图3，一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的装置，包括位于管状结构的连接推杆1前端的注气筛管2，注气筛管2两端分别设有第一胶囊封阻器3和第二胶囊封阻器4，第一胶囊封阻器3连接在连接推杆1和注气筛管2之间；第一胶囊封阻器3的内部穿设有高压注气管5，高压注气管5一端与注气筛管2的进口端连接，另一端由连接推杆1内部穿出，并与水力增压器6连接，且高压注气管5的管路上设有气体压力传感器11和气体质量流量控制器12，气体压力传感器11和气体质量流量控制器12之间设有一流体截止阀13；水力增压器6内设有无杆活塞7，水力增压器6由无杆活塞7分隔成两个容腔，第一容腔分别通过控制阀门与高压注气管5和压力气源8择一连通，第二容腔与高压水泵组9的第一出口端口通过一流体截止阀13连通；所述第二胶囊封阻器4的注水口与第一胶囊封阻器3的胶囊内部空腔通过胶囊连通管14连通，第一胶囊封阻器3的注水口与高压水泵组9的第二出口端口通过高压注水管道15连通，高压注水管道15上设有一流体截止阀13。Embodiment 1, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a device for quickly in-situ testing the permeability of coal seam through bed drilling, including the gas injection screen 2 located at the front end of the connecting push rod 1 of the tubular structure, the gas injection screen The two ends of the tube 2 are respectively provided with a first capsule blocker 3 and a second capsule blocker 4, and the first capsule blocker 3 is connected between the connecting push rod 1 and the gas injection screen tube 2; the first capsule blocker The inside of the device 3 is provided with a high-pressure gas injection pipe 5, one end of the high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 is connected to the inlet end of the gas injection screen pipe 2, and the other end is passed through the inside of the connecting push rod 1, and is connected to the hydraulic booster 6, and the high-pressure Gas pressure sensor 11 and gas mass flow controller 12 are arranged on the pipeline of gas injection pipe 5, and a fluid cut-off valve 13 is arranged between gas pressure sensor 11 and gas mass flow controller 12; The piston 7 and the hydraulic booster 6 are divided into two chambers by the rodless piston 7. The first chamber is respectively connected with the high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 and the pressure gas source 8 through the control valve, and the second chamber is connected with the high-pressure water pump group. The first outlet port of 9 communicates through a fluid cut-off valve 13; the water injection port of the second capsule blocker 4 communicates with the capsule internal cavity of the first capsule blocker 3 through the capsule connecting pipe 14, and the first capsule blocker The water injection port of the resistor 3 communicates with the second outlet port of the high-pressure water pump unit 9 through a high-pressure water injection pipeline 15, and a fluid stop valve 13 is arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipeline 15.
其中，所述第一胶囊封阻器3和第二胶囊封阻器4的承压能力不小于20MPa；所述第一容腔与注气筛管2之间的注气管路承载能力比小于10MPa。压力气源8来自井下风压自救器。连接推杆1由多节螺合接长的管段构成。高压注气管5和压力气源8分别通过对应的一流体截止阀13与第一容腔形成择一连通。Wherein, the pressure bearing capacity of the first capsule blocker 3 and the second capsule blocker 4 is not less than 20MPa; the gas injection pipeline bearing capacity ratio between the first cavity and the gas injection screen 2 is less than 10MPa . The pressure gas source 8 comes from the downhole wind pressure self-rescuer. The connecting push rod 1 is made of multi-section screw joints connecting long pipe sections. The high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 and the pressure gas source 8 respectively communicate with the first cavity through a corresponding fluid stop valve 13 .
本实施例通过两个胶囊封孔器构成座封系统，座封系统和注气筛管2通过多段连接推杆1进行长度方向的延伸，利用矿用钻机16推入钻孔17中，再利用水力增压系统18进行座封和向煤层内注入高压气体进而进行原位煤层渗透率检测，其中，水力增压系统18主要包括高压注气管5、高压注水管道15、水力增压器6、井下风压自救器和高压水泵组9。In this embodiment, two capsule hole sealers are used to form a seat seal system. The seat seal system and the gas injection screen 2 are extended in the length direction through multi-section connecting push rods 1, pushed into the borehole 17 by a mining drill 16, and reused. The hydraulic pressurization system 18 performs seat sealing and injects high-pressure gas into the coal seam to detect the in-situ coal seam permeability. The hydraulic pressurization system 18 mainly includes high-pressure gas injection pipe 5, high-pressure water injection pipe 15, hydraulic booster 6, underground Wind pressure self-rescuer and high pressure water pump set 9.
实施例2，参见图4，并结合图1、图2、图3，一种穿层钻孔快速原位测试煤层渗透率的方法，基于实现第一发明目的的装置实施，包括以下步骤：Embodiment 2, referring to Fig. 4, and in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of method for quickly in situ testing coal seam permeability through bed drilling, based on the implementation of the device for realizing the purpose of the first invention, comprising the following steps:
第一步，测试准备：包括穿层测试钻孔布置和测试装置安装连接；其中，穿层测试钻孔布置包括，根据施工地点和煤层之间的位置关系，在运输大巷、高抽巷、底抽巷或石门类岩石巷道中布置穿层测试钻孔；穿层钻孔直径与煤层渗透率原位测试装置中置入钻孔的连接推杆1、注气筛管2和胶囊封阻器相匹配；并在穿层钻孔施工过程中，记录钻孔岩石段长度和煤层段长度；测试装置安装连接包括，将高压水泵组9布置在井下，按连接关系和通过设置密封垫片进行密封连接固定，并连接数据传输线；按钻孔岩石段长度和煤层段长度确定连接推杆1长度，并用确定长度的连接推杆将注气筛管2和胶囊封阻器置于钻孔中；The first step is test preparation: including the drilling layout for the penetration test and the installation and connection of the test device; among them, the drilling layout for the penetration test includes, according to the positional relationship between the construction site and the coal seam, in the transportation roadway, high pumping roadway, Arrange through-bed testing drill holes in the bottom pumping roadway or Shimen rock roadway; put the connecting push rod 1, gas injection screen 2 and capsule blocker into the in-situ test device for the diameter of the through-bed drilling hole and the permeability of the coal seam and in the process of drilling through layers, record the length of the rock section of the drill hole and the length of the coal seam section; the installation and connection of the test device includes that the high-pressure water pump group 9 is arranged underground, and sealed according to the connection relationship and by setting the sealing gasket The connection is fixed, and the data transmission line is connected; the length of the connecting push rod 1 is determined according to the length of the rock section of the drill hole and the length of the coal seam section, and the gas injection screen 2 and the capsule blocker are placed in the drill hole with the connecting push rod of the determined length;
第二步，原始煤层瓦斯压力测定：利用高压水泵组9向两个胶囊封阻器中注入高压水，使其胶囊膨胀紧贴钻孔内壁，实现对钻孔煤层段的密封，从而形成钻孔煤层密封段；再利用高压水泵组9和水力增压器6将预先注入第一容腔内的气体以恒定的压力注入钻孔煤层密封段；当钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力达到目标值后，关闭控制阀门；等待钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力稳定，并将该稳定的压力值定义为煤层原始瓦斯压力；The second step is to measure the gas pressure of the original coal seam: the high-pressure water pump unit 9 is used to inject high-pressure water into the two capsule blockers, so that the capsule expands and clings to the inner wall of the borehole, so as to realize the sealing of the coal seam section of the borehole, thereby forming a borehole Coal seam sealing section; then use the high-pressure water pump group 9 and hydraulic booster 6 to inject the gas pre-injected into the first cavity at a constant pressure into the drilling coal seam sealing section; when the gas pressure in the drilling coal seam sealing section reaches the target value , close the control valve; wait for the gas pressure in the coal seam sealing section of the borehole to stabilize, and define the stable pressure value as the original gas pressure of the coal seam;
第三步，定速注入气体：利用水力增压器和高压水泵组9保持第一容腔压力，通过气体质量流量控制器12，以恒定速度向钻孔煤层密封段注入气体；通过气体压力传感器11监测钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力；待气体压力稳定后，以阶梯型递增方式增加气体注入速度，并在不同气体注入速度条件下，测定钻孔煤层密封段的稳定气体压力值；The third step is to inject gas at a constant speed: use the hydraulic booster and high-pressure water pump group 9 to maintain the pressure in the first cavity, and inject gas at a constant speed into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole through the gas mass flow controller 12; through the gas pressure sensor 11 Monitor the gas pressure of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole; after the gas pressure is stabilized, increase the gas injection rate in a stepwise incremental manner, and measure the stable gas pressure value of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole under different gas injection rate conditions;
第四步，煤层渗透率计算：The fourth step, coal seam permeability calculation:
首先，先判断注入的气体在煤层中的流动是否属于达西流动，根据气体注入速度、对应的注入气体压力和原始煤层瓦斯压力，在直角坐标系中描述注气速度Qsc和压力平方差(P1 2-P0 2)之间的函数关系，验证随着注气压力的提高，注气速度Qsc是否与压力平方差(P1 2-P0 2)呈线性关系；First, judge whether the flow of injected gas in the coal seam belongs to Darcy flow, and describe the gas injection speed Q sc and the square difference of pressure ( P 1 2 -P 0 2 ), to verify whether the gas injection rate Q sc has a linear relationship with the pressure square difference (P 1 2 -P 0 2 ) as the gas injection pressure increases;
再选取注气速度与压力平方差呈线性关系的数据点，根据气体注入速度、对应的注入气体压力、钻孔煤层密封段长度以及原始瓦斯压力计算煤层渗透率；Then select the data point where the gas injection rate is linearly related to the square difference of the pressure, and calculate the coal seam permeability according to the gas injection rate, the corresponding injected gas pressure, the length of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole, and the original gas pressure;
煤层渗透率计算公式如下：The formula for calculating coal seam permeability is as follows:
式中：k为岩石渗透率；In the formula: k is rock permeability;
Psc标准大气压条件下注入气体的压力；P sc is the pressure of injected gas under the standard atmospheric pressure condition;
Qsc标准大气压条件下注入气体的体积流量；Q sc is the volumetric flow rate of injected gas under standard atmospheric pressure conditions;
μ为气体动力黏性系数；μ is the gas dynamic viscosity coefficient;
L为钻孔煤层密封段长度，该长度与注气筛管长度相等；L is the length of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole, which is equal to the length of the gas injection screen;
P1为向钻孔煤层密封段注气时的气体压力；P 1 is the gas pressure when injecting gas into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole;
P0为原始煤层瓦斯压力；P 0 is the original coal seam gas pressure;
rout为试验影响半径，工程应用中可取为L+b/2，其中，b为单根胶囊封阻器长度；r out is the influence radius of the test, which can be taken as L+b/2 in engineering applications, where b is the length of a single capsule blocker;
rin为钻孔半径；r in is the drilling radius;
对计算得到的多组数据求平均值，即可得到煤层渗透率；The coal seam permeability can be obtained by calculating the average value of multiple sets of data obtained through calculation;
第五步，拆除原位测试煤层渗透率设备：卸除钻孔中注入的气体压力以及胶囊封阻器中的水压；利用矿用钻机将连接推杆、胶囊封阻器和注气筛管抽出钻孔；拆除后将原位测试煤层渗透率设备转移，以进行下一次测试。The fifth step is to dismantle the equipment for in-situ testing of coal seam permeability: remove the gas pressure injected into the borehole and the water pressure in the capsule blocker; use a mining rig to connect the push rod, capsule blocker and gas injection screen Extract the borehole; after dismantling, transfer the in-situ test coal seam permeability equipment for the next test.
其中，测试装置的具体连接过程包括：在注气筛管2的两端分别连接一根第一胶囊封阻器3和第二胶囊封阻器4，第一胶囊封阻器3和第二胶囊封阻器4通过注水通道连通，注水通道与高压注水管连接；将高压注气管5与第一胶囊封阻器3的进气通道相连接；将高压注气管5从连接推杆1的中空部穿过，并将连接推杆1与第一胶囊封阻器3自由端连接；利用矿用钻机和连接推杆1按第二胶囊封阻器4朝向钻孔里端的方式将注气筛管和两个胶囊封阻器推送入钻孔中并至预定位置；再将高压注气管5依次通过流体截止阀13和气体质量流量控制器12与水力增压器6的第一容腔连接，并在连接管路上设置气体压力传感器11；最后将高压注水管和水力增压器6的第二容腔分别与高压水泵组9的两个出水管路分别连通，并在相应管路上各设置一流体截止阀13。Wherein, the specific connection process of the test device includes: respectively connecting a first capsule blocker 3 and a second capsule blocker 4 at both ends of the gas injection screen 2, the first capsule blocker 3 and the second capsule blocker The blocker 4 communicates with the water injection channel, and the water injection channel is connected with the high-pressure water injection pipe; the high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 is connected with the air intake channel of the first capsule blocker 3; the high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 is connected to the hollow part of the push rod 1 Pass through, and connect the connecting push rod 1 with the free end of the first capsule blocker 3; use the mining drill and the connecting push rod 1 to connect the gas injection screen and the second capsule blocker 4 towards the inner end of the borehole. The two capsule blockers are pushed into the borehole and to a predetermined position; then the high-pressure gas injection pipe 5 is connected to the first cavity of the hydraulic booster 6 through the fluid shut-off valve 13 and the gas mass flow controller 12 in sequence, and A gas pressure sensor 11 is set on the connecting pipeline; finally, the high-pressure water injection pipe and the second cavity of the hydraulic booster 6 are respectively communicated with the two outlet pipelines of the high-pressure water pump unit 9, and a fluid cut-off is set on the corresponding pipeline. valve 13.
其中，钻孔煤层密封段是指胶囊注水膨胀后两胶囊封阻器之间的钻孔部分，该钻孔煤层密封段的承压能力大于等于10MPa。注入钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力目标值为邻近煤层测试得到的原始瓦斯压力值。阶梯型递增方式增加气体注入速度是指，在钻孔煤层密封段的气体压力达到平衡后，提高气体注入速度至某一值，待气体压力稳定后，再继续提高注入速度至下一值。Wherein, the coal seam sealing section of the borehole refers to the borehole part between the two capsule blockers after the capsule is injected with water and expands, and the pressure bearing capacity of the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is greater than or equal to 10 MPa. The gas pressure target value injected into the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is the original gas pressure value obtained from the adjacent coal seam test. Increasing the gas injection rate in a stepwise manner refers to increasing the gas injection rate to a certain value after the gas pressure in the coal seam sealing section of the borehole is balanced, and then continuing to increase the gas injection rate to the next value after the gas pressure is stabilized.
本方法在尚未向钻孔内注入高压气体前，关闭气体压力传感器11与水力增压器6之间的任一流体截止阀13，即可通过气体压力传感器11获得原始煤层瓦斯压力值。In this method, before the high-pressure gas is injected into the borehole, any fluid stop valve 13 between the gas pressure sensor 11 and the hydraulic booster 6 is closed to obtain the original coal seam gas pressure value through the gas pressure sensor 11 .
本检测方法及其对应的装置，在进行渗透率测试时，用于测试的气体压力传感器11和气体质量流量控制器12类精密仪器均设置在钻孔外，无需在钻孔内设置探测仪器，现对于探测头设在钻孔内的原位测试方法而言，消除了测试类仪器在设置于钻孔，或从钻孔取出过程中遭受损伤或损坏的隐患，具有优异的重复使用特性。In this detection method and its corresponding device, when performing a permeability test, the gas pressure sensor 11 and the gas mass flow controller 12 precision instruments used for the test are all set outside the borehole, and there is no need to set up a detection instrument in the borehole. Now, for the in-situ testing method in which the probe head is set in the borehole, the hidden danger of damage or damage to the test instrument during setting in the borehole or taking out from the borehole is eliminated, and it has excellent reusability characteristics.
以上详细描述了本发明型的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明型的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明型的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。Preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims .
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