CN110249909A - In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method - Google Patents
In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249909A CN110249909A CN201910682285.4A CN201910682285A CN110249909A CN 110249909 A CN110249909 A CN 110249909A CN 201910682285 A CN201910682285 A CN 201910682285A CN 110249909 A CN110249909 A CN 110249909A
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- VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrethrin I Natural products CC(=CC1CC1C(=O)OC2CC(=O)C(=C2C)CC=C/C=C)C VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides straw mushroom in a kind of canopy room and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon, is related to shift of crops technical field.The present invention sows straw mushroom at the beginning of annual 7 months in canopy room, and mid or late August harvesting finishes, and mushroom bran is turned over into ground；Cultivated tomato, cleared up tomato stubble after late June harvesting, was sprinkled into 50~100kg lime per acre, turns over March in the coming year, after closed greenhouse greenhouse 15d, prepared cultivating straw mushroom.For the method for the invention while harvesting straw mushroom and obtaining economic benefit, mushroom bran original position returning to the field after Volvaria volvacea cultivation is degraded increases soil fertility, and the amount of application of persimmon plantation organic fertilizer, reduces planting cost with reducing alkali.Will alkali individually planted persimmon and by " straw mushroom with alkali persimmon crop rotation " cropping pattern compared with, more at least 1.8 ten thousand yuan of incomes per acre, while straw mushroom mushroom bran returning to the field per acre can 1500 yuan of fertilizer expenses of investment less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shift of crops art fields, and in particular in a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping side
Method.
Background technique
The song-Nen plain salinized soil in China is widely distributed, about 342.0 ten thousand hm of the salinized soil gross area2, it is that the world three is big
One of Soda Alkali-saline Soil areal concentration.Heilongjiang Province Daqing Area is located at the innerland of song-Nen plain, and the salinization of soil gross area just reaches
429955hm2, can large area plantation alkali ground persimmon.Alkali ground persimmon, grows on saline-alkali soil, and taste is dense, and fruit colour cast is green, meat
Thickness, sweet, succulence is tasty and refreshing, and flavor is splendid.Its vitamin A, C content be 3.7 times of common persimmon, market price is high.But alkali
Ground persimmon plants low output, and when production need to apply a large amount of organic fertilizers, high production cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, a kind of the purpose of the present invention is to provide straw mushroom and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon, in canopy room
Interior, by alkali persimmon plantation and Volvaria volvacea cultivation crop rotation, harvest straw mushroom obtain economic benefit, while the bacterium after Volvaria volvacea cultivation is degraded
Chaff original position returning to the field increases soil fertility, and the amount of application of persimmon plantation organic fertilizer, reduces planting cost with reducing alkali.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of the present invention provides straw mushroom and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon, comprising the following steps: in canopy room, often
Straw mushroom is sowed at the beginning of 7 months of year, mid or late August harvesting finishes, and mushroom bran is turned over into ground；March in the coming year cultivated tomato, late June adopts
Tomato stubble is cleared up after receipts, 50~100kg lime is sprinkled into per acre, turns over, and after closed greenhouse greenhouse 15d, prepares cultivation
Straw mushroom.
Preferably, the area of the rotation cropping is song-Nen plain salt lick.
Preferably, the type of seeding of the straw mushroom is two neighboring the following steps are included: (1) makees ditch furrow in greenhouse
Ditch furrow interval 60cm；
(2) it when sowing, successively tiles from bottom to top lime in ditch furrow bottom, straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, straw mushroom
Matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, surface layer mixture and straw mushroom second level kind cover mulch after spraying insecticide, complete sowing；The straw mushroom base
Matter successively includes: the agricultural wastes of 8~10cm thickness, 1~3cm thickness fermented cow dung from bottom to top；The surface layer mixture includes
The raw material of following weight percent: 98% fermented cow dung and 2% wheat bran.
Preferably, the preparation method of step (2) described agricultural wastes, comprising: by the straw for the 2~3d that is exposed to the sun, cornstalk
Or after corncob is mixed with quick lime, 10~12d is impregnated in water, obtains the agricultural wastes；The weight of the quick lime is
The 20~40% of the straw, cornstalk or corncob weight；
Or after mixing straw, cow dung and lime, heap fermentation is built, turning processing is carried out when heap temperature rise is to 65~72 DEG C,
Continuous turning 3~4 times, obtain the agricultural wastes；The weight ratio of the straw and cow dung is 5:4, and the weight of the lime is
The 2% of the straw and cow dung total weight.
Preferably, the preparation method of step (2) described fermented cow dung, comprising the following steps: cow dung controls after shining dry grinding
Water content is 50~60%, carries out heap fermentation, is maintained for 24 hours after heap temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more, and then turning continues to ferment,
Continuous turning 3~4 times, obtain the fermented cow dung.
Preferably, step (2) the straw mushroom second level kind is wheat second level kind, and the application rate of the straw mushroom second level kind is
400g/m2。
Preferably, the straw mushroom after planting, further include germicidal management and management of producing mushroom；The germicidal management includes: to protect
Hold half-light in canopy room, canopy room temperature is 28~35 DEG C, and straw mushroom water content of substrate is 65~70%, relative air humidity is 70~
80%, after planting 5~6d raises mulch, and next day removes mulch；
The management of producing mushroom includes: that canopy room temperature is 25~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 85~90%, and daily noon beats
Open canopy room ventilation 15~20min, 600~800Lx of illumination.
Preferably, the cultivation of the tomato is described to educate the following steps are included: carry out the seeding and seedling raising of the tomato at the beginning of 3 months
Seedling stage is 35~45d, later transplant planting, and the density of the field planting is 4000~4500 plants/acre.
Preferably, in the nursery stage, at 25~30 DEG C, evening temperature is controlled 15~22 for day temperature control in canopy
℃。
It preferably, further include field management after the transplant planting, the field management includes: to be colonized to slow seedling,
Canopy room temperature is 28~30 DEG C, is not required to leak informaton；Growth period, canopy room day temperature are 24~26 DEG C, and night is 8~10 DEG C；As a result
Phase: canopy room day temperature is 25~26 DEG C, and 25 DEG C or more start to leak informaton, 20 DEG C of closing air ports, and canopy room nocturnal temperature is 13~15
℃。
A kind of the present invention provides straw mushroom and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon, sows straw mushroom at the beginning of annual 7 months, and 8
The harvesting of the middle ten days and the last ten days moon finishes, and mushroom bran is turned over into ground；March in the coming year, cultivated tomato, it is residual to clear up tomato after late June harvesting
Strain, is sprinkled into 50~100kg lime per acre, turns over, and after closed greenhouse greenhouse 15d, prepares cultivating straw mushroom.Crop rotation of the present invention
In cultural method, in canopy room, by alkali persimmon plantation and Volvaria volvacea cultivation crop rotation, harvest straw mushroom obtain economic benefit, simultaneously will
Mushroom bran original position returning to the field after Volvaria volvacea cultivation degradation, increases soil fertility, and the amount of application of persimmon plantation organic fertilizer, reduces with reducing alkali
Planting cost.In embodiments of the present invention, individually plantation alkali persimmon and by straw mushroom with alkali persimmon crop rotation cropping pattern compared with,
More at least 1.8 ten thousand yuan of incomes per acre, while straw mushroom mushroom bran returning to the field can put into 1500 yuan of fertilizer expenses less per acre.
Specific embodiment
A kind of the present invention provides straw mushroom and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon is sowed at the beginning of annual 7 months in canopy room
Straw mushroom, mid or late August harvesting finish, and mushroom bran is turned over into ground；March in the coming year cultivated tomato, late June harvest after cleaning kind
Eggplant stubble is sprinkled into 50~100kg lime per acre, turns over, and after closed greenhouse greenhouse 15d, prepares cultivating straw mushroom.
The area of rotation cropping of the present invention is preferably song-Nen plain salt lick, and the rotation cropping is in greenhouse
It carries out, is facility cultivation mode.
The type of seeding of straw mushroom of the present invention, preferably includes following steps: (1) greenhouse in make ditch furrow, it is adjacent
Two ditch furrow interval 60cm；
(2) it when sowing, successively tiles from bottom to top lime in ditch furrow bottom, straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, straw mushroom
Matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, surface layer mixture and straw mushroom second level kind cover mulch after spraying insecticide, complete sowing；The straw mushroom base
Matter successively includes: the agricultural wastes of 8~10cm thickness, 1~3cm thickness fermented cow dung from bottom to top；The surface layer mixture includes
The raw material of following weight percent: 98% fermented cow dung and 2% wheat bran.
The present invention makees ditch furrow, two neighboring ditch furrow interval 60cm when planting the straw mushroom in greenhouse.The present invention
Before planting the straw mushroom, preferably to go to cut weeds, clean out, make ditch furrow after ploughing, the depth of the ditch furrow is preferably 20cm,
The width of the ditch furrow is preferably 1.0~1.2m, and length is depending on the length of canopy.The present invention stays 60cm wide between two ditch furrow
Pedestrian passage convenient for adopting mushroom.Present invention 1d prior to seeding, preferably fills permeable into the ditch furrow.
When sowing, the present invention successively tiles lime from bottom to top in ditch furrow bottom, straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind,
Straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, surface layer mixture and straw mushroom second level kind cover mulch after spraying insecticide, complete sowing；The grass
Mushroom matrix successively includes: the agricultural wastes of 8~10cm thickness, 1~3cm thickness fermented cow dung from bottom to top；The surface layer mixture
Raw material including following weight percent: 98% fermented cow dung and 2% wheat bran.The present invention at seeding time, preferably to described
Ditch furrow bottom spreads one layer of lime, then repaves straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, surface layer mixture
With straw mushroom second level kind.The overall thickness of the straw mushroom matrix and straw mushroom second level kind is preferably 20~25cm in the present invention.
Agricultural wastes of the present invention are preferably included preferably through processing, the processing: by the straw for the 2~3d that is exposed to the sun,
After cornstalk or corncob are mixed with quick lime, 10~12d is impregnated in water, obtains the agricultural wastes；The quick lime
Weight is the 20~40% of the straw, cornstalk or corncob weight；When the present invention utilizes above-mentioned highly basic cultivation in raw material straw mushroom,
Cultivating straw mushroom is directly used in without sterilizing.After either mixing straw, cow dung and lime, heap fermentation is built, when heap temperature rise to 65
Turning processing is carried out at~72 DEG C, continuous turning 3~4 times obtains the agricultural wastes；The weight ratio of the straw and cow dung is
5:4, the weight of the lime are the 2% of the straw and cow dung total weight；When the present invention utilizes above-mentioned fermentation material cultivating straw mushroom,
Need to ferment to straw soften, in it is coffee-like, have paste flavor taste and without acid smell.
The preparation method of fermented cow dung of the present invention, preferably includes following steps: controlling after cow dung solarization dry grinding aqueous
Amount is 50~60%, carries out heap fermentation, is maintained for 24 hours after heap temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more, then turning continues to ferment, continuously
Turning 3~4 times, obtain the fermented cow dung.When fermented cow dung of the present invention completes fermentation, preferably need to reach material in dark brown
Color, odorless, the state for having a large amount of actinomyces to generate, the fermentation time is preferably 8~12d.
Straw mushroom second level kind of the present invention is preferably wheat second level kind, and the application rate of the straw mushroom second level kind is 400g/m2。
The present invention there is no particular determination, is preferably included in equipped with wheat culture medium the preparation method of the wheat second level kind
It is inoculated with straw mushroom strain in 500mL seed bottle, includes the raw material of following mass percentage: wheat in the raw material of the wheat culture medium
Grain 98% and lime 2%.The preparation method of wheat culture medium of the present invention preferably includes: by wheat berry decontamination, with 30~
It after 50 DEG C of water impregnate 12h, boils to wheat without the white heart without blooming, filters off moisture, be added after lime is mixed thoroughly and be filled to strain shoulder,
100 DEG C of sterilizing 10h of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 2h or normal pressure, are cooled to 30 DEG C of inoculations after sterilizing, after inoculation, half-light constant temperature is trained at 30 DEG C
It supports, covers with spare.
The present invention the straw mushroom after planting, it is also preferable to include germicidal managements and management of producing mushroom；The germicidal management is preferred
It include: to keep half-light in canopy room, canopy room temperature is 28~35 DEG C, and straw mushroom water content of substrate is 65~70%, and air is relatively wet
Degree is 70~80%, and after planting 5~6d raises mulch, and next day removes mulch.
The present invention starts mushroom flower bud occur in after planting 7~9d, carries out management of producing mushroom at this time, and the management of producing mushroom preferably wraps
Include: canopy room temperature is 25~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 85~90%, and daily noon opens canopy room 15~20min of ventilation, light
According to 600~800Lx.The present invention is in after planting 11~14d, when the Pagoda-shaped that button is wider from base portion, top is slightly sharp becomes oval,
Mushroom body is full smooth, and hand pinches slightly sense and softens, and from depth to shallow, coating does not rupture color, and cap, stem harvest first when not stretching out
Damp mushroom.The present invention is after the first damp mushroom has been adopted, and preferably with 0.5% limewash sprinkling mushroom bed, second can be harvested by being further cultured for 8~11d
Damp mushroom, a production cycle can harvest 4~5 damp mushrooms, and after late August harvests, stronger ventilation controls the water content of mushroom bran
It 10~20%, ploughs and mushroom bran is mixed into soil, with preparing next year plantation alkali persimmon.
The cultivation of tomato of the present invention preferably includes following steps: the seeding and seedling raising of the tomato is carried out at the beginning of 3 months, it is described
Nursery stage is 35~45d, later transplant planting, and the density of the field planting is 4000~4500 plants/acre.The present invention is to the sowing
There is no particular determinations for the method for nursery, it is preferred to use feeding block seedlings raising, nursery soil select Shandong blueness substrate soil.The present invention is described
Before nursery, nutritive cube potassium permanganate is preferably impregnated into 20~30min disinfection, substrate soil is inserted into nutritive cube, the amount of banketing is slightly lower
Alms bowl edge.Nursery of the present invention is to punch among nutritive cube, and depth is 1cm or so, and every alms bowl broadcasts 1 seed, immediately after planting
Earthing covers white mulch film moisture-keeping with a thickness of 1cm or so.For the present invention before the sowing, it is also preferable to include presproutings of seeds, described
Presprouting of seeds preferably includes that seed is dried 2~3d in bright day gas, is washed with clear water, is gently rubbed with the hands with hand, seed mucous membrane is rubbed with the hands
Fall, impregnate 4~6h again in warm water, then bind up with gauze, covered with wet towel, is carried out in 25~30 DEG C of environment
Vernalization.Sprinkling warm water 2 times, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 60~80% daily, so that it may sow.
The present invention the tomato after planting, it is also preferable to include seedling managements, specifically include: in canopy day temperature control exists
25~30 DEG C, evening temperature is controlled at 15~22 DEG C.When the seedling of the tomato grows to 7~8 leaves, so that it may transplant planting.
Tomato seedling Jing Guo seedling management is carried out transplant planting by the present invention, is colonized preceding 2~3 week, and removal canopy room is planted
Shading net when straw mushroom is trained, applies straw mushroom mushroom bran 2000kg with ploughing per acre, organic fertilizer 1000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 80kg,
30~40cm of depth of turning soil.Greenhouse is watered with water, soil moisture content is made to reach saturation state.Canopy room is sealed into disinfection and sterilization.When
For the lowest temperature at 10 DEG C or more, 10cm soil temperature, which should be stablized, can carry out tomato field planting at 15 DEG C or more in protecting field.It is colonized previous
It opens canopy room air port, and calm fine day is selected to be colonized.In Greenhouse alkali tomato, 4000~4500 is fixed per acre
Plant, depth of planting Yi Tutuo are concordant with ground.It waters after field planting, watering does not pour flood and be advisable to irrigate, and pours one again after 3~5 days
Hereafter secondary seedling recovering water is transferred to restraining the growth of seedlings.
The present invention is after the transplant planting, and it is also preferable to include field management, the field management is preferably included: field planting is extremely
Before slow seedling, canopy room temperature is 28~30 DEG C, is not required to leak informaton；Growth period, canopy room day temperature are 24~26 DEG C, and night is 8~10
℃；Fruiting period: canopy room day temperature is 25~26 DEG C, and 25 DEG C or more start to leak informaton, 20 DEG C of closing air ports, and canopy room nocturnal temperature is
13~15 DEG C.For the present invention in the fruiting period, preferred control is after midnight 10~13 DEG C to the minimum temperature in the next morning,
Ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.
The present invention is after the tomato transplant planting, and it is also preferable to include the management of plant, the management of the plant is preferably wrapped
Include messenger wire, training is pruned and flower and fruit thinning.Messenger wire of the present invention preferably uses hanging tendril mode, the North and South direction on tomato row
It draws one and hangs seedling line, coiled plant using nylon rope, one bolt of rope is tied up on plant hanging seedling line, other end.The present invention
The training is pruned preferably using single stem pruning method, only stays mobile jib, the side shoot of had more than 10cm is all removed, and this
Work will carry out at any time with the growth of inflorescence.Flower and fruit thinning of the present invention preferably removes old leaf, timely flower and fruit thinning, selection
Lopsided, weak flower, small spent are removed, and open neat flower is left.Timely fruit thinning after fruit setting, every fringe fruit are left to 4~5 fringe fruits and pinch off young shoots.It pinches
Point stays 2~3 leaves on the fruit ear of plant top.
Alkali of the present invention tamato fruit after being popular in intolerant to transport, after starting unwrapping wire, can harvest, packaging can go out
It sells.
It is carried out below with reference to the rotation cropping method of embodiment to a kind of straw mushroom provided by the invention and alkali persimmon detailed
Explanation, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
One) Volvaria volvacea cultivation
1, cultivation season arrangement
Highly basic cultivation in raw material, general 5 the end of month production wheat second level kind (400g) of straw mushroom, early June need to impregnate agriculture waste
Object (straw, corn stover, corncob etc.)；Sowing, starts to harvest, mid or late August harvesting finishes mid-July at the beginning of 7 months.Straw mushroom is planted
When training, canopy room covers 6 needle sunshade nets.
2, cattle manure processing method
Cow dung shines dry grinding, and addition clear water makes water content up to 50~60% when fermentation, heap fermentation is carried out, when heap temperature reaches
60 DEG C or more maintain for 24 hours afterwards, and then upper and lower, inside and outside turning continues to ferment.It so carries out 3~4 times, until material is in dark brown, nothing
Stink has a large amount of actinomyces to generate, that is, completes the purpose of fermentation, and fermentation time is generally 8~12d.
3, agriculture waste substance treating method
Highly basic cultivation in raw material straw mushroom: the dry agricultural wastes (straw, corn stalk, corncob) without mildew, production are selected
Before be exposed to the sun 2~3d, be mixed in water with 20~40% quick lime of its weight, impregnate 10~12d and be not necessarily to until soaking
Sterilizing is directly used in cultivating straw mushroom.
Fermentation material cultivating straw mushroom: straw and cow dung add 2% lime and build heap fermentation, when heap temperature rise to 65 with 5:4 ratio
~72 DEG C, carry out turning processing when no longer heating up, continuous turning 3~4 times, until straw soften, in it is coffee-like, have a paste flavor taste and
Without acid smell, Volvaria volvacea cultivation can be carried out.
4, surface layer mixture makes
It is mixed by weight percentage by 98% fermented cow dung and 2% wheat bran.
5, it digs plot of land and plants straw mushroom sowing
The ridge-up bed that hickory chick was harvested goes to cut weeds, clean out, and digs furrow after ploughing, and makees shallow ridges depth 20cm, wide by 1.0
The ditch of~1.2m is abnormal, and length arranges real pressing depending on the length of canopy, by ground, and stays people's row of 60cm wide logical among two furrow
It is convenient for adopting mushroom in road.1d before sowing fills permeable in furrow, and one layer of lime is first spread in ridge-up bed bottom by when sowing.First one layer of paving is processed
Agricultural wastes (8~10cm or so) spread one layer of fermented cow dung (1~3cm), then disseminate one layer of straw mushroom second level kind broken up, together
Sample program spreads 2 layers.One layer of surface layer mixture (2~3cm or so) is covered again, is made it at turtleback, is flattened compacting, surrounding and surface are equal
It is even to spread one layer of straw mushroom second class inoculum, by every square metre of inoculum concentration using 1 bottle of barley inoculum, expect high 20~25cm or so.Every square
Rice measures 15~20kg with siccative (processed agricultural wastes and cow dung), then sprays pyrethrin pesticide, and lid unregistered land film is completed to broadcast
Kind.
Wheat second level kind preparation method: wheat 98%, lime 2%.Select 500ml seed bottle.Manufacturing process: by wheat berry
Decontamination after impregnating 12h with 30~50 DEG C of water, boils to wheat without the white heart without blooming, filters off moisture, is added after lime is mixed thoroughly and fills
To strain shoulder, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 2h.Or 100 DEG C of sterilizing 10h of normal pressure, 30 DEG C of inoculations are cooled to after sterilizing, after inoculation, at 30 DEG C
Half-light constant temperature incubation covers with spare.
6, germicidal management
Straw mushroom after planting keeps half-light in canopy room, and canopy room temperature controls 28~35 DEG C, and Compost moisture content is maintained at 65
~70%, relative air humidity 70~80%, 5~6d mycelia covers with charge level and raises mulch after inoculation, and next day removes mulch.
7, management of producing mushroom
7~9d mushroom flower bud occurs after inoculation, keeps canopy room temperature at 25~35 DEG C, relative air humidity control 85~
90%, daily noon opens canopy room ventilation 15~20min, 600~800Lx of illumination.Generally after planting 11~14d, when button by
The Pagoda-shaped that base portion is wider, top is slightly sharp becomes oval, and mushroom body is full smooth, and hand pinches slightly sense and softens, color from depth to shallow, coating
It does not rupture, cap, stem harvest the first damp mushroom when not stretching out.After first damp mushroom has been adopted, mushroom is sprayed with 0.5% limewash
Bed, the second damp mushroom can be harvested by being further cultured for 8~11d, and a production cycle can harvest 4~5 damp mushrooms and add after late August harvests
Big ventilation controls the water content of mushroom bran 10~20%, ploughs and mushroom bran is mixed into soil, with preparing next year plantation alkali persimmon.
Two) alkali persimmon plantation
1, cultivation season
Seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of 3 months, April to early June pick fruit.Late June clears up tomato stubble in greenhouse, spreads per acre
Enter 50~10kg lime, plough 30~40cm.Canopy room seals 10~15 days, prepares cultivating straw mushroom.With cultivating alkali when persimmon, canopy room
Inside remove sunshade net.
2, presprouting of seeds
Seed is dried into 2~3d in bright day gas, washed with clear water, gently rubbed with the hands with hand, seed mucous membrane is rubbed with the hands, in warm water
4~6h is impregnated again, is then bound up with gauze, is covered with wet towel, and vernalization is carried out in 25~30 DEG C of environment.Spray daily
It spills warm water 2 times, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 60~80%, so that it may sow.
3, seeding and seedling raising
Nursery at the beginning of 3 months, seedling age phase need 35-45 days.Seedbed uses nutritive cube when sowing, and nursery soil selects Shandong blueness substrate soil.
Nutrition pot for seedling potassium permanganate, which impregnates 20-30 minutes, to be sterilized, and substrate soil is inserted nutritive cube, the slightly lower alms bowl edge of the amount of banketing.?
Punching among alms bowl, depth are 1cm or so, 1 seed of every bunch planting, after planting earthing immediately, with a thickness of 1cm or so.It covers whitely
Thin film moisturizing.At 25~30 DEG C, evening temperature is controlled at 15~22 DEG C for day temperature control in canopy.Tomato seedling grows to 7-8 piece
Ye Shi, so that it may transplant planting.
4, it is colonized
2-3 week before being colonized shading net when booth cultivation straw mushroom is removed, applies straw mushroom mushroom bran with ploughing per acre
2000kg, organic fertilizer 1000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 80kg, depth of turning soil 30-40cm.Greenhouse is watered with water, makes soil moisture content
Reach saturation state.Canopy room is sealed into disinfection and sterilization.When at 10 DEG C or more, 10cm soil temperature should be stablized the lowest temperature in protecting field
15 DEG C or more.It can carry out tomato field planting.Field planting the previous day opens canopy room air port, and calm fine day is selected to be colonized.It is protecting
With protecting ground plantation alkali tomato, 4000-4500 is colonized strain per acre, and depth of planting Yi Tutuo is concordant with ground.It waters, waters after field planting
It does not pour flood to irrigate and is advisable, pour a seedling recovering water after 3-5 days again, be hereafter transferred to restraining the growth of seedlings.
5, field management
Before field planting to slow seedling, temperature is controlled at 28-30 DEG C, is not required to leak informaton；Growth period, temperature are controlled in white, day 24-26
DEG C, 8 DEG C -10 DEG C of night；Fruiting period: temperature control exists, and on 25-26 DEG C of daytime, 25 DEG C or more start to leak informaton, 20 DEG C of closing air ports,
13-15 DEG C of night, after midnight to the next morning it is minimum can be controlled in 10-13 DEG C, ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.
6, plant manages
Messenger wire: using hanging tendril mode, and North and South direction draws one and hangs seedling line on tomato row, using nylon rope by plant disk
It ties up on plant around, one bolt of rope hanging seedling line, other end.
Training is pruned: single stem pruning method used, mobile jib is only stayed, the side shoot of had more than 10cm is all removed, and this
Work will carry out at any time with the growth of inflorescence.
Flower and fruit thinning: removal old leaf, timely flower and fruit thinning, selection deformity, weak flower, small spent remove, leave and open neatly
Flower.Timely fruit thinning after fruit setting, every fringe fruit are left to 4~5 fringe fruits and pinch off young shoots.It pinches off young shoots and stays 2~3 leaves on the fruit ear of plant top.
7, harvesting and packaging
Alkali tamato fruit be popular in after intolerant to transport, after starting unwrapping wire, can harvest, packaging can be sold.
Benefit to 1 cultivation mode of embodiment and with utilizing the simple cultivating straw mushroom of conventional method, plantation alkali persimmon respectively
Benefit comparison, the results are shown in Table 1:
The different cultivation mode Efficiency Comparisons of table 1
A kind of the present invention provides straw mushroom and alkali the rotation cropping method of persimmon, harvest straw mushroom obtain the same of economic benefit
When, the mushroom bran original position returning to the field after Volvaria volvacea cultivation is degraded increases soil fertility, with reducing alkali the application of persimmon plantation organic fertilizer
Amount reduces planting cost.Will alkali individually planted persimmon and by " straw mushroom with alkali persimmon crop rotation " cropping pattern compared with, it is more per acre
At least 1.8 ten thousand yuan of income, while straw mushroom mushroom bran returning to the field can put into 1500 yuan of fertilizer expenses less per acre.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method, comprising the following steps: in canopy room, sowed at the beginning of annual 7 months
Straw mushroom, mid or late August harvesting finish, and mushroom bran is turned over into ground；March in the coming year cultivated tomato, late June harvest after cleaning kind
Eggplant stubble is sprinkled into 50~100kg lime per acre, turns over, and after closed greenhouse greenhouse 15d, prepares cultivating straw mushroom.
2. rotation cropping method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the area of the rotation cropping is song-Nen plain salt
Stain.
3. rotation cropping method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the type of seeding of the straw mushroom includes following step
It is rapid: (1) to make ditch furrow, two neighboring ditch furrow interval 60cm in greenhouse；
(2) it when sowing, successively tiles from bottom to top lime in ditch furrow bottom, straw mushroom matrix, straw mushroom second level kind, straw mushroom base
Matter, straw mushroom second level kind, surface layer mixture and straw mushroom second level kind cover mulch after spraying insecticide, complete sowing；The straw mushroom matrix
It from bottom to top successively include: the agricultural wastes of 8~10cm thickness, 1~3cm thickness fermented cow dung；The surface layer mixture include with
The raw material of lower weight percent: 98% fermented cow dung and 2% wheat bran.
4. rotation cropping method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the preparation side of step (2) described agricultural wastes
Method includes:
After the straw, cornstalk or corncob of the 2~3d that is exposed to the sun are mixed with quick lime, 10~12d is impregnated in water, obtains the agriculture
Industry waste；The weight of the quick lime is the 20~40% of the straw, cornstalk or corncob weight；
Or after mixing straw, cow dung and lime, heap fermentation is built, turning processing is carried out when heap temperature rise is to 65~72 DEG C, continuously
Turning 3~4 times, obtain the agricultural wastes；The weight ratio of the straw and cow dung is 5:4, and the weight of the lime is described
The 2% of straw and cow dung total weight.
5. rotation cropping method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the preparation method of step (2) described fermented cow dung,
The following steps are included: cow dung shine dry grinding after control water content be 50~60%, carry out heap fermentation, when heap temperature reach 60 DEG C with
It is maintained for 24 hours after upper, then turning continues to ferment, and continuous turning 3~4 times obtains the fermented cow dung.
6. rotation cropping method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step (2) the straw mushroom second level kind is wheat two
Grade kind, the application rate of the straw mushroom second level kind are 400g/m2。
7. according to claim 1 or the 3 rotation cropping methods, which is characterized in that the straw mushroom after planting, further include bacterium germination
Management and management of producing mushroom；The germicidal management includes: to keep half-light in canopy room, and canopy room temperature is 28~35 DEG C, straw mushroom matrix
Water content is 65~70%, and relative air humidity is 70~80%, and after planting 5~6d raises mulch, and next day removes mulch；
The management of producing mushroom includes: that canopy room temperature is 25~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 85~90%, and daily noon opens canopy
15~20min of chamber ventilated, 600~800Lx of illumination.
8. rotation cropping method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation of the tomato is the following steps are included: March
The seeding and seedling raising of the tomato is just carried out, the nursery stage is 35~45d, and transplant planting, the density of the field planting are later
4000~4500 plants/acre.
9. rotation cropping method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the nursery stage, day temperature control in canopy
At 25~30 DEG C, evening temperature is controlled at 15~22 DEG C system.
10. rotation cropping method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include field pipe after the transplant planting
Reason, the field management include: to be colonized to slow seedling, and canopy room temperature is 28~30 DEG C, are not required to leak informaton；Growth period, canopy room daytime
Temperature is 24~26 DEG C, and night is 8~10 DEG C；Fruiting period: canopy room day temperature is 25~26 DEG C, and 25 DEG C or more start to leak informaton,
20 DEG C of closing air ports, canopy room nocturnal temperature are 13~15 DEG C.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110692435A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115136834A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-04 | 盘锦菜根堂农业科技有限公司 | Crop rotation cultivation method for greenhouse waxy corn and alkaline land persimmon |
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Application publication date: 20190920 |