CN110079749B - 一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁软磁合金及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁软磁合金及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铁基纳米晶‑非晶软磁合金及其制备方法与应用。其制备方法包括:按照比例配置FeaBbSicCudNbePfCg合金,在真空感应炉或电弧炉中熔炼母合金,母合金铸锭在真空状态下通过电磁感应熔化喷射到旋转的铜辊上,快速凝固,得到铁基纳米晶‑非晶软磁合金。本发明相对于现有的合金体系,其省去了晶化退火工艺,且合金具有良好的力学性能和优异的软磁性能,其制备方法简单易行,适用于批量化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米晶-非晶软磁合金的新材料领域,具体涉及一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
Finemet合金是最典型的铁基纳米晶软磁合金,是以铁元素为主,加入少量的Nb、Cu、Si、B等元素所构成的合金,经快速凝固工艺形成一种非晶态材料,经热处理后获得直径为10-20nm的晶粒,弥散分布在非晶态的基体上。相对于硅钢、铁氧体和坡莫合金等软磁铁芯,铁基纳米晶合金铁芯具有高饱和磁感应强度、低矫顽力、低损耗(相当于硅钢片的1/3-1/5)、低激磁电流、良好的温度稳定性等优点,在电力电子领域具有显著的优势。以纳米晶合金为原料制成的变压器铁芯,其空载损耗与采用硅钢片的传统变压器相比下降75%,空载电流下降50%,负载损耗下降25%,被誉为21世纪新型绿色节能材料。国内10kV配电变压器年需量约5000万kVA,若全部采用非晶、纳米晶软磁合金变压器,一年可节电100亿kWh。随着能源日趋紧张以及全球环境恶化,节能减排成为全球最为关注的问题之一,在电力电子系统中,国家大力号召使用绿色节能环保材料,要求耗电量低,CO2排放量少,使用低损耗的软磁合金材料。
然而,由于软磁材料通常在晶态使用,而这些合金的晶态状态多数情况下比较脆,使用受到局限现有的非晶合金体系,都需要先进行快淬得到非晶材料,再进行晶化退火处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出制备一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金及其制备方法,相对于现有的合金体系,其省去了晶化退火工艺,且合金具有良好的力学性能和优异的软磁性能,其制备方法简单易行,适用于批量化生产。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按比例配置FeaBbSicCudNbePfCg合金,其中a为62~67;b为20~24;c为5~6;d为0.5~1;e为0.5~1.5;f为0~5;g为0~11,且a+b+c+d+e+f+g=100;
步骤2:将配好的的原料置于真空感应炉或电弧炉中熔炼母合金,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭在真空状态下通过电磁感应熔化,并通过快淬法将熔化的金属喷射到旋转铜辊表面凝固,得到铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金。
优选地,所述步骤1中,所述的a为66.29;b为22.19;c为5.77;d为0.64;e为0.85;f为4.26;g为0;
或所述的a为65.77;b为22.03;c为5.72;d为0.63;e为0.85;f为3.24;g为1.76;
或所述的a为64.59;b为21.77;c为5.64;d为0.63;e为0.84;f为2.78;g为3.75;
或所述的a为63.79;b为21.55;c为5.60;d为0.62;e为0.83;f为2.06;g为5.55;
或所述的a为63.02;b为21.31;c为5.54;d为0.61;e为0.82;f为1.36;g为7.34;
或所述的a为61.45;b为20.92;c为5.44;d为0.60;e为0.81;f为0;g为10.78。
优选地,所述步骤1具体为:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比。
优选地,所述步骤2具体为:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭。
优选地,所述步骤3具体为:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭装入设有喷嘴的高真空单辊快淬炉中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射到旋转的铜辊表面凝固,得到铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金。
更优选地,所述铜辊的辊面速度为30~40m/s,高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为0.5~1.2mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.03~0.05MPa。
本发明还提供了上述方法制备的铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金。
优选地,所述铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金为铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材,宽度为0.5~7mm,厚度为18~32μm。
优选地,所述铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金的饱和磁化强度为350~550emu/g。
本发明还提供了上述铁基纳米晶非晶合金在制备超微晶磁芯中的应用。
优选地,所述超微晶磁芯可作为断路器、变压器等电子、电路的软磁磁芯。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明合金元素组成成分相对于现有的合金体系,其省去了晶化退火工艺,且合金具有优异的软磁性能。
(2)本发明合金元素组成成分中部分替代Nb的元素,进一步降低合金成本。
(3)本发明方法制备的铁基纳米晶非晶合金带材提高带材韧性和一致性,能充分发挥铁基纳米晶带材发挥其高饱和磁感应强度、低矫顽力、低损耗、低激磁电流、良好的温度稳定性等节能优势在非晶合金领域有良好的使用前景。
附图说明
图1是Fe64.59B21.77Si5.64Cu0.63Nb0.84P2.78C3.75合金带材的XRD图谱;
图2是Fe64.59B21.77Si5.64Cu0.63Nb0.84P2.78C3.75合金带材的磁滞回线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe66.29B22.19Si5.77Cu0.64Nb0.85P4。26(at%),其制备方法具体如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,制成铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材。
实施例2
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe65.77B22.03Si5.72Cu0.63Nb0.85P3。24C1.76(at%),其制备方法具体如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材。
实施例3
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe64.59B21.77Si5.64Cu0.63Nb0.84P2.78C3.75(at%),其制备方法包括如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材;
步骤4:将制备好的铁基纳米晶非晶合金带材利用XRD等对样品进行微观测试;
步骤5:将制备好的铁基纳米晶非晶合金带材利用VSM等对样品进行性能测试;
如图1所示,该合金部分晶化得到纳米晶结构,而部分为非晶结构。
如图2所示,该合金具有较高的饱和磁感应强度和较小的矫顽力等优异的软磁性能。
实施例4
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe63.79B21.55Si5.60Cu0.62Nb0.83P2.06C5.55(at%),其制备方法具体如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材。
实施例5
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe63.02B21.31Si5.54Cu0.61Nb0.82P1.36C7.34(at%),其制备方法具体如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材。
实施例6
一种铁基纳米晶非晶软磁合金带材Fe61.45B20.92Si5.44Cu0.60Nb0.81C10.78(at%),其制备方法具体如下:
步骤1:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B(Fe:B=80:20wt%下同)、Fe-P(Fe:P=82:18wt%)、Fe-C(Fe:C=95:5wt%)按照合金所需的比例进行配比;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,使母合金熔炼均匀,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭(4~5g)装入嘴部留有喷嘴的石英管中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射在30m/s转速的铜辊表面,且高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为1.0mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.05MPa,铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金带材。
Claims (3)
1.一种铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按比例配置FeaBbSicCudNbePfCg合金,所述按比例配置FeaBbSicCudNbePfCg合金包括:将质量分数不小于99.9%的Fe、Si、Cu、Nb和预合金Fe-B、Fe-P、Fe-C按照合金所需的比例进行配比;Fe-B中Fe与B的质量比为80:20,Fe-P中Fe与P的质量比为82:18,Fe-C中Fe与C的质量比为95:5;
其中,所述的a为66.29;b为22.19;c为5.77;d为0.64;e为0.85;f为4.26;g为0;
或所述的a为65.77;b为22.03;c为5.72;d为0.63;e为0.85;f为3.24;g为1.76;
或所述的a为64.59;b为21.77;c为5.64;d为0.63;e为0.84;f为2.78;g为3.75;
或所述的a为63.79;b为21.55;c为5.60;d为0.62;e为0.83;f为2.06;g为5.55;
或所述的a为63.02;b为21.31;c为5.54;d为0.61;e为0.82;f为1.36;g为7.34;
或所述的a为61.45;b为20.92;c为5.44;d为0.60;e为0.81;f为0;g为10.78;
步骤2:将配好的的原料放入真空冷坩埚熔炼炉中,在真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,充气完毕后,进行熔炼,反复熔炼3~4次,最后将熔液浇入锭模,得到母合金铸锭;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的母合金铸锭装入设有喷嘴的高真空单辊快淬炉中,抽真空度达到3×10-3Pa后充入氩气至-0.05MPa,使用高频热感应加热的方式融化母合金,将熔融状态的母合金喷射到旋转的铜辊表面凝固,得到铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金;其中,铜辊的辊面速度为30~40m/s,高真空单辊快淬炉的喷嘴到铜辊之间距离为0.5~1.2mm,喷嘴的喷注压强为0.03~0.05MPa。
2.权利要求1所述方法制备的铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金。
3.权利要求2所述的铁基纳米晶-非晶软磁合金在制备超微晶磁芯中的应用。
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