CN118253951A - Gear and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Gear and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118253951A CN118253951A CN202410550219.2A CN202410550219A CN118253951A CN 118253951 A CN118253951 A CN 118253951A CN 202410550219 A CN202410550219 A CN 202410550219A CN 118253951 A CN118253951 A CN 118253951A
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- gear
- machining
- gears
- tooth
- steps
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010862 gear shaping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/28—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for wheels, rolls, or rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a gear and a processing technology thereof, comprising the following steps: step one: selecting and preprocessing materials; step two: finish machining of the gear; step three: rough machining of gears; step four: a gear finishing process. The application improves the processing efficiency and precision of the gear.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a gear processing method, in particular to a gear and a processing technology thereof.
Background
Gears are used as important components in mechanical transmission and are widely applied to various mechanical equipment. The manufacturing process of the gear has important influence on the precision, quality and service life of the gear.
In the related art, the gear mainly comprises the following working procedures: the method comprises the steps of forging a blank, turning and polishing, wherein the forged blank is subjected to turning and polishing, in a traditional machining mode, the turning and polishing are respectively and correspondingly machined by a lathe and a grinding machine, and the blank subjected to turning by the lathe is conveyed to the grinding machine for polishing.
In carrying out the present application, the inventors have found that at least the following problems exist in this technique: the numerical control machine tool in the related art can integrate the cutting device and the polishing device, firstly cuts and then finely grinds in place, can not simultaneously carry out the cutting and polishing procedures, is difficult to machine in place once, and can accurately place only by repeated machining, so that the machining time is long, and the construction period is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the machining efficiency and precision of gears, the application provides a gear and a machining process thereof.
A gear is made of alloy steel or alloy cast iron or carbon steel or cast iron and the like.
By adopting the technical scheme, the alloy steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like; the alloy cast iron has the advantages of high strength, capability of bearing larger load, stable work and long service life; the carbon steel has the advantages of good wear resistance, high strength, low material price, low production cost and the like; the cast iron has the advantages of low cost, high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, good reliability and the like.
A processing technology of a gear comprises the following steps:
Step one: selecting and preprocessing materials;
Step two: finish machining of the gear;
Step three: rough machining of gears;
Step four: a gear finishing process.
By adopting the technical scheme, the processing process flow of the gear comprises a plurality of aspects such as material selection, pretreatment, finish machining, rough machining, finish machining and the like. The accurate application of these processes can enable the gears to have higher accuracy and quality and increase the service life of the gears. Future gear machining processes will be more prone to new tools such as digital machining technology, computer analysis and simulation to improve the efficiency and accuracy of gear machining.
Preferably, in the material selection process of the step one, for the high-strength gear, suitable alloy steel or alloy cast iron can be selected; for the middle and low strength gears, carbon steel or cast iron can be selected.
By adopting the technical scheme, the alloy steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like; the alloy cast iron has the advantages of high strength, capability of bearing larger load, stable work and long service life; the carbon steel has the advantages of good wear resistance, high strength, low material price, low production cost and the like; the cast iron has the advantages of low cost, high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, good reliability and the like.
Preferably, in the pretreatment process of the first step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A1: casting and forging the material;
a2: the material is heat treated.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gear is processed by casting, forging and other processes, so that the gear is ensured to achieve ideal shape and size; the gear may be assisted in case hardening by heat treatment techniques while maintaining core toughness.
Preferably, normalizing, quenching, tempering and other processes can be used in the heat treatment process of the A2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the normalizing is used for refining the material structure of the gear, improving the cutting performance of the gear material and also can be used as the final heat treatment of the gear; quenching can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the gear material; the annealing can reduce the material hardness of the gear, improve the plasticity of the gear, be beneficial to the processing treatment of the gear, eliminate the internal stress of the gear material and prevent the gear from deforming or cracking; tempering is to reduce brittleness of the gear material and make the gear meet casting requirements.
Preferably, in the finish machining process of the gear in the second step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
B1: turning: turning the gear on a milling machine according to the shape and the size of the gear;
B2: boring method: machining a gear hole by using a boring tool;
b3: gear shaping method: machining tooth grooves in a gear shaping machine;
B4: grinding method: grinding is performed on a grinding machine.
By adopting the technical scheme, the turning method for machining the gear can not only effectively ensure the machining precision, but also be used for machining gears with complex shapes, thereby saving the equipment cost and the machining time; machining a gear hole by using a boring tool to realize accurate aperture and pitch; machining tooth grooves in a gear shaping machine; the tooth grooves can be formed on the gear rapidly and accurately, and the tooth shape and the tooth pitch have high precision; the gear is ground on the grinding machine, so that the precision is high, but the machining speed is low and the cost is high.
Preferably, in the gear rough machining process in the third step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
C1: turning: cutting the gear to a basic shape and size;
c2: milling: milling tooth shapes; forming the basic shape of the tooth slot;
And C3: deburring method: removing burrs on the surface of the gear through a grinding or trimming tool;
And C4: original finishing method: before the overall trimming, carrying out preliminary trimming on the tooth profile and the tooth pitch between each two adjacent tooth teeth;
c5: integral finishing method: the gears were ground at a speed of about 1000 mm/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the basic shape and the size of the gear are cut through a turning method, then the tooth grooves are processed through a milling method, and then burrs on the surface of the gear are removed through a grinding or trimming tool, so that the smoothness of the surface of the gear is improved, the processing precision of the gear is further improved through an original trimming method, and finally the gear is ground at a speed of about 1000mm/min, so that the surface smoothness and the precision of the gear are improved, and meanwhile, the production efficiency of the gear is also improved.
Preferably, in the gear finishing process in the fourth step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
D1: cutting method: cutting the gear by using a cutting tool;
D2: drilling method: drilling the gear by using a drilling machine;
d3: rolling method: the gear surface is rolled using a rolling tool.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gear is cut by using the cutting tool so as to obtain the required shape and size; and then drilling the gear by using a drilling machine, and finally rolling the surface of the gear by using a rolling tool, thereby reducing the tiny concave-convex degree of the surface of the gear.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The processing process flow of the gear comprises a plurality of aspects of material selection, pretreatment, finish machining, rough machining, finish machining and the like. The accurate application of these processes can enable the gears to have higher accuracy and quality and increase the service life of the gears. Future gear processing technology will be more prone to new tools such as digital processing technology, computer analysis and simulation, etc. so as to improve the efficiency and precision of gear processing;
2. the alloy steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like; the gold cast iron has the advantages of high strength, capability of bearing larger load, stable work and long service life; the carbon steel has the advantages of good wear resistance, high strength, low material price, low production cost and the like; the cast iron has the advantages of low cost, high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, good reliability and the like;
3. The gear is processed by casting, forging and other processes, so that the gear is ensured to reach the ideal shape and size; the gear may be assisted in case hardening by heat treatment techniques while maintaining core toughness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a gear processing process according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a pretreatment process according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the finishing of gears according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the rough machining of gears according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a finishing process of the gear according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-5.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a gear, wherein the gear is made of alloy steel or alloy cast iron or carbon steel or cast iron and the like. The alloy steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like; the alloy cast iron has the advantages of high strength, capability of bearing larger load, stable work and long service life; the carbon steel has the advantages of good wear resistance, high strength, low material price, low production cost and the like; the cast iron has the advantages of low cost, high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, good reliability and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the application also discloses a processing technology of the gear, which comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting materials and preprocessing to process high-strength gears or gears with medium and low strength;
Step two: finish machining of the gear specifically comprises the steps of turning, boring, gear shaping, grinding and the like;
Step three: gear rough machining, specifically comprising the steps of turning, boring, gear shaping, grinding and the like;
step four: the gear finishing process specifically comprises the steps of a cutting method, a drilling method, a rolling method and the like.
The processing process flow of the gear comprises a plurality of aspects of material selection, pretreatment, finish machining, rough machining, finish machining and the like. The accurate application of these processes can enable the gears to have higher accuracy and quality and increase the service life of the gears. Future gear machining processes will be more prone to new tools such as digital machining technology, computer analysis and simulation to improve the efficiency and accuracy of gear machining.
The processing process flow of the gear begins with the selection of materials, and for the high-strength gear, proper alloy steel or alloy cast iron can be selected; for the middle and low strength gears, carbon steel or cast iron can be selected; specific pretreatment includes casting, forging, heat treatment and other processes. The alloy steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like; the gold cast iron has the advantages of high strength, capability of bearing larger load, stable work and long service life; the carbon steel has the advantages of good wear resistance, high strength, low material price, low production cost and the like; the cast iron has the advantages of low cost, high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, good reliability and the like.
Referring to fig. 2, in the pretreatment process of the first step, the method specifically includes the following steps:
A1: casting and forging the material;
a2: the material is heat treated.
The gear is processed by casting, forging and other processes, so that the gear is ensured to reach the ideal shape and size; the gear may be assisted in case hardening by heat treatment techniques while maintaining core toughness. Normalizing, quenching, annealing, tempering and other processes can be used in the heat treatment process of A2. Specifically, the normalizing is used for refining the material structure of the gear, improving the cutting performance of the gear material and also can be used as the final heat treatment of the gear; quenching can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the gear material; the annealing can reduce the material hardness of the gear, improve the plasticity of the gear, be beneficial to the processing treatment of the gear, eliminate the internal stress of the gear material and prevent the gear from deforming or cracking; tempering is to reduce brittleness of the gear material and make the gear meet casting requirements.
Referring to fig. 3, in the gear finishing process in the second step, the method specifically includes the following steps:
B1: turning: turning the gear on a milling machine according to the shape and the size of the gear;
B2: boring method: machining a gear hole by using a boring tool;
b3: gear shaping method: machining tooth grooves in a gear shaping machine;
B4: grinding method: grinding is performed on a grinding machine.
The turning method for machining the gear can not only effectively ensure the machining precision, but also be used for machining gears with complex shapes, so that the equipment cost and the machining time are saved; machining a gear hole by using a boring tool to realize accurate aperture and pitch; machining tooth grooves in a gear shaping machine; the tooth grooves can be formed on the gear rapidly and accurately, and the tooth shape and the tooth pitch have high precision; the gear is ground on the grinding machine, so that the precision is high, but the machining speed is low and the cost is high.
The specific turning mode in B1 comprises rough turning and finish turning. The purpose of rough turning is to cut off the hard skin and most of the machining allowance of the gear surface blank rapidly, so as to improve the productivity; the purpose of finish turning is to cut off the errors left after rough machining, so that the uniformity and the smoothness of the gears meet the production requirements.
Referring to fig. 4, when a large number of gears are required to be produced, a gear rough machining process may be used to improve the production efficiency, and in the gear rough machining process in the third step, the following steps are specifically included:
C1: turning: cutting the gear to a basic shape and size;
c2: milling: milling tooth shapes; forming the basic shape of the tooth slot;
And C3: deburring method: removing burrs on the surface of the gear through a grinding or trimming tool;
And C4: original finishing method: before the overall trimming, carrying out preliminary trimming on the tooth profile and the tooth pitch between each two adjacent tooth teeth;
c5: integral finishing method: the gears were ground at a speed of about 1000 mm/min.
The basic shape and the size of the gear are cut through a turning method, then the tooth grooves are processed through a milling method, and then burrs on the surface of the gear are removed through a grinding or trimming tool, so that the smoothness of the surface of the gear is improved, the processing precision of the gear is further improved through an original trimming method, and finally the gear is ground at a speed of about 1000mm/min, so that the surface smoothness and the precision of the gear are improved, and meanwhile, the production efficiency of the gear is also improved.
Referring to fig. 5, the finishing process of the gear is performed during drilling, grooving, cutting, etc. on the surface of the gear without cracks and other bad surface defects on the surface of the workpiece after the precision machining. In the process of the gear finishing in the step four, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
D1: cutting method: cutting the gear by using a cutting tool;
D2: drilling method: drilling the gear by using a drilling machine;
d3: rolling method: the gear surface is rolled using a rolling tool.
Cutting the gear using a cutting tool to obtain a desired shape and size; and then drilling the gear by using a drilling machine, and finally rolling the surface of the gear by using a rolling tool, thereby reducing the tiny concave-convex degree of the surface of the gear.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (8)
1. A gear, characterized in that: the gear is made of alloy steel or alloy cast iron or carbon steel or cast iron and the like.
2. The process for manufacturing a gear according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: material selection and pretreatment process;
Step two: finish machining of the gear;
step three: rough machining of gears;
Step four: a gear finishing process.
3. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: in the material selection process of the step one, for the high-strength gear, proper alloy steel or alloy cast iron can be selected; for the middle and low strength gears, carbon steel or cast iron can be selected.
4. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: in the pretreatment process of the first step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A1: casting and forging the material;
a2: the material is heat treated.
5. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: normalizing, quenching, tempering and other processes can be used in the heat treatment process of the A2.
6. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: in the finish machining process of the gear in the second step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
B1: turning: turning the gear on a milling machine according to the shape and the size of the gear;
B2: boring method: machining a gear hole by using a boring tool;
b3: gear shaping method: machining tooth grooves in a gear shaping machine;
B4: grinding method: grinding is performed on a grinding machine.
7. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: in the gear rough machining process in the third step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
C1: turning: cutting the gear to a basic shape and size;
c2: milling: milling tooth shapes; forming the basic shape of the tooth slot;
And C3: deburring method: removing burrs on the surface of the gear through a grinding or trimming tool;
And C4: original finishing method: before the overall trimming, carrying out preliminary trimming on the tooth profile and the tooth pitch between each two adjacent tooth teeth;
c5: integral finishing method: the gears were ground at a speed of about 1000 mm/min.
8. The process for manufacturing gears according to claim 2, wherein: in the process of the gear finishing in the step four, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
D1: cutting method: cutting the gear by using a cutting tool;
D2: drilling method: drilling the gear by using a drilling machine;
d3: rolling method: the gear surface is rolled using a rolling tool.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410550219.2A CN118253951A (en) | 2024-05-06 | 2024-05-06 | Gear and processing technology thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410550219.2A CN118253951A (en) | 2024-05-06 | 2024-05-06 | Gear and processing technology thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118253951A true CN118253951A (en) | 2024-06-28 |
Family
ID=91602691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410550219.2A Pending CN118253951A (en) | 2024-05-06 | 2024-05-06 | Gear and processing technology thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118253951A (en) |
-
2024
- 2024-05-06 CN CN202410550219.2A patent/CN118253951A/en active Pending
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