CN117481000A - Germinating method for river and lake wetland seed bank - Google Patents
Germinating method for river and lake wetland seed bank Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 37
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005010 Scirpus paludosus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001363 water suppression through gradient tailored excitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000292697 Polygonum aviculare Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000205407 Polygonum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank, and relates to the technical field of ecological system restoration. The invention comprises the following steps: s1 sampling and experiment: sampling from plaque soil to be recovered and adjacent natural wetland soil respectively, performing wetland plant seed bank germination experiments on collected soil samples respectively, and judging the degradation degree of the plaque soil to be recovered by calculating the species number proportion and the seed bank density proportion between the two. The invention utilizes the form of adding hydrologic variable into the structure to promote the germination of natural seed bank and accelerate the recovery process, constructs a new river and lake ecological system structure through shallow water bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and fluctuation flood wetland, adopts the means of combining natural recovery and wetland plant recovery and adopts hydrologic regulation, thereby promoting the germination of seed bank and having reference significance to ecological restoration practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological system restoration, in particular to a germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank.
Background
In recent decades, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the massive increase of population and the continuous acceleration of urban process, various ecological disasters such as ecological environment destruction, natural landscape disappearance, biological diversity reduction, ecological system function loss and the like of a wet land facing area are carried out. Therefore, it is important and necessary to restore and reconstruct the structure of the wetland ecosystem and create a good wetland ecosystem to maintain the ecological function of the water body. As one of the three basic elements of the wetland ecosystem, the restoration of wetland plants has a vital significance for the protection and ecological restoration of the wetland.
Since 1990, with the enhancement of the protection consciousness of the biodiversity in the global area, more and more foundation subsidizes the protection and recovery of endangered wetland species, and meanwhile, the research on the recovery and reconstruction of damaged wetland vegetation is greatly emerging internationally, and the hot tide of the research on the recovery of wetland vegetation is raised. The seed bank is a 'memory bank' of plants in the past, is an important potential for natural restoration of vegetation, and is important for rapid restoration of plant communities of a degenerated ecological system. It is also these seeds that enable communities and ecosystems to replenish new individuals and complete succession after being disturbed or destroyed, and future vegetation structure and succession dynamics can be expected.
The study of wetland seed banks has been 150 years old, and can be traced to experiments of seed germination by pond sludge collected in the middle of the 19 th century at the earliest. From the end of 1970 s, wetland seed bank research was widely developed in north america and europe and gradually goes deep into many disciplines such as plant ecology, restoration ecology, environmental science, evolutionary biology, engineering, etc., relating to the fields of protection, management and restoration of plant communities and species, prediction of vegetation potential changes caused by related environmental changes, etc. Recently, many scholars have begun to focus on the role of seed banks in wetland vegetation restoration, and viable seed banks are considered as key factors in wetland vegetation colonisation and restoration.
Under the large background that the investment for protecting natural wetland and recovering degraded wetland is continuously increased in China, domestic scholars gradually develop researches on some wetland soil seed banks in the last ten years, wherein most of the researches are aimed at eutrophic shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. Seed banks have an important indicator of successful restoration of vegetation communities. First, by studying the composition of seed libraries, the species resource reserves of the damaged wetland can be determined and its self-recovery capacity can be evaluated, while providing a management strategy for vegetation recovery. Second, many wetland plants have long-term persistent seed banks that accumulate seeds in the substrate sludge that suffer less interference and have greater tolerance to various external interference than surface plant seed banks. In addition, seed banks may accumulate more genetic variation generated at different selection pressures and thus have an irreplaceable role in protection of endangered species and restoration of wetland vegetation. The current research on the seed banks of the river and lake wetland is still carried out by comparing the seed banks with the ground vegetation species, and discussing the possibility of using the seed banks as vegetation restoration based on the seed banks, but a specific seed bank germination method is lacked, so that a germination method of the seed banks of the river and lake wetland is provided so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank, which aims to solve the problems in the current market proposed by the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank comprises the following steps:
s1 sampling and experiment: sampling from plaque soil to be recovered and adjacent natural wetland soil respectively, performing wetland plant seed bank germination experiments on collected soil samples respectively, and judging the degradation degree of the plaque soil to be recovered by calculating the species number proportion and the seed bank density proportion between the two;
s2 plaque preparation: the method comprises the steps of constructing plaque soil with four structures, namely shallow water bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and a wave-like flood wetland;
s3, communicating water: the ecological ditches in the plaque to be recovered are communicated with shallow water bubbles, and then four plaque soil are connected or communicated with each other in sequence to form a transitional water network longitudinal and transverse wetland space, so that the flooding depth in spring and summer is controlled, the ridges are not flooded, the fluctuating flood wetland is regulated in a certain rhythm, and the fluctuating flood wetland regularly dissipates for 5-6 times in 6-8 months;
s4, natural recovery: natural recovery is carried out on the slightly degraded plaque, excessive manual intervention is not needed, and pioneer species are waited to enter through natural transformation of ecological water level;
s5, wetland plant recovery: recovering severely degenerated plaque by adopting a wetland plant seed bank and root propagules in a ridge area, and spreading natural soil in adjacent swamp meadows on the plaque ridge at intervals, wherein the thickness of the natural soil is 2cm-4cm; scattering rhizomes of marsh plants or plant bodies with rhizomes of the multi-year marsh wetland in the adjacent marsh of the area in shallow bubbles and ecological ditches; transplanting the grass plants, nutgrass or knotweed with roots and stems in adjacent wetlands in the area to soil in the land and water transition zone at the edges of shallow blisters and plaque furrows;
s6, water resource regulation: shallow water bubbles are used as water storage bubbles for returning to a wet spot block in a rainy season and water supply bubbles for a dry season, and water flows of all spots and surrounding water bodies are controlled by using a water inlet channel and a water gate so as to ensure that the wetland recovers sufficient water demand and regulate ecological hydrologic variables when required.
Preferably, in the step S1, the ratio of the number of wetland plant species in the plaque soil to be recovered to the number of natural wetland seed bank species is calculated, and if the ratio exceeds 70%, the degradation is judged; and calculating the ratio of the seed pool density in the plaque soil to be restored to the natural wetland seed pool density, and judging the degradation if the ratio exceeds 60 percent.
Preferably, in the step S2, 1-3 shallow bubbles are excavated in the plaque soil to be recovered, and the depth is 1.0m-1.5m; using a mechanical tool to open parallel plaque furrows on the bare ground, and constructing a furrow micro-relief combined landform, wherein the depth of the ecological furrows is 25cm-30cm, and the width of the furrows is 50cm-80cm; the height of the ridge of the polder is 15cm-35cm, the width is 50m-100cm, and the distance between furrows is 2m-4m; the fluctuation flood wetland is a gentle slope part in four structures, and the gradient is not more than 30 degrees.
Preferably, in the step S3, the flooding depth in spring is controlled to be 5cm-20cm, and the flooding depth in summer is controlled to be 20cm-35cm.
Preferably, in the step S5, the plant density of the spread plant is 30% -50% of the density of the species in the natural wetland, and the plant density of the transplanted plant is 30% -50% of the density of the species in the natural wetland.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the form of adding hydrologic variable into the structure to promote the germination of natural seed bank and accelerate the recovery process, constructs a new river and lake ecological system structure through shallow water bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and fluctuation flood wetland, adopts the means of combining natural recovery and wetland plant recovery and adopts hydrologic regulation, thereby promoting the germination of seed bank and having reference significance to ecological restoration practice.
The foregoing summary is for the purpose of the specification only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of shallow bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and a wave-like flood wetland;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ecological ditch+wave-like flood wetland structure according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a pre-germination image of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a post-germination image of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank comprises the following steps:
s1 sampling and experiment: sampling from plaque soil to be recovered and adjacent natural wetland soil respectively, performing wetland plant seed pool germination experiments on the collected soil samples respectively, calculating the proportion of the number of wetland plant species in the plaque soil to be recovered to the number of the natural wetland soil seed pool species, and judging degradation if the proportion exceeds 70%; calculating the proportion of the seed pool density in the plaque soil to be restored to the natural wetland seed pool density, and judging that the soil is degenerated if the proportion exceeds 60%; or calculating and judging how many species are needed by the type of wetland in the process of reconstructing the ecological system to steadily develop towards a steady state;
s2 plaque preparation: the method comprises the steps of constructing plaque soil with four structures, namely shallow water bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and a wave-like flood wetland; digging 1-3 shallow bubbles at the upstream position of plaque soil to be restored, wherein the depth is 1.0m-1.5m; using a mechanical tool to open parallel plaque furrows on the bare ground, and constructing a micro-relief combined landform in which a fluctuation flood wetland and an ecological furrow are communicated with each other, wherein the depth of the ecological furrow is 25cm-30cm, and the width of the furrow is 50cm-80cm; the height of the ridge of the polder is 15cm-35cm, the width is 50m-100cm, and the distance between furrows is 2m-4m; the fluctuation flood wetland is a gentle slope part in four structures, the gradient is not more than 30 degrees, the hydrologic variable in the area is larger, the area can become an important ecological edge zone, and the possibility of more ecological restoration is borne;
s3, communicating water: the ecological ditches in the plaque to be recovered are communicated with shallow water bubbles by adopting a mechanical excavation through method, then four plaque soil types are sequentially connected or communicated with each other to form a transitional water network longitudinal and transverse wetland space, a fluctuation flood wetland is communicated with the ecological ditches, wherein floating leaf ecology, emergent aquatic ecology, submerged ecology and front slope wet ecology are introduced, the bottoms of the floating leaf ecology are silt layers, and the bottoms of the emergent aquatic ecology and the submerged ecology are gravel doped soil layers; controlling the flooding depth in spring to be 5cm-20cm, the flooding depth in summer to be 20cm-35cm, preventing flooding in ridges, and regularly adjusting the fluctuation flooding wetland to a certain degree, wherein the fluctuation of the water level in multiple rounds is beneficial to the screening and filtering of species in the connection seasons in spring and summer, and the regular falling of the species is 5-6 times in 6-8 months;
s4, natural recovery: natural recovery is carried out on the slightly degraded plaque, excessive manual intervention is not needed, and pioneer species are waited to enter through natural transformation of ecological water level;
s5, wetland plant recovery: recovering severely degenerated plaque in a ridge area by adopting a wetland plant seed bank and root propagules, spreading natural soil in adjacent swamp meadows on the plaque ridge, and spreading at intervals, wherein the thickness is 2cm-4cm; scattering rhizomes of marsh plants or plant bodies with rhizomes of the marsh wetland adjacent to the area in shallow bubbles and ecological ditches, wherein the scattered plant density is 30% -50% of the density of the species in the natural wetland; transplanting the grass plants, nutgrass or polygonum with rhizomes in adjacent wetlands in the area to soil of the land-water transition zone at the edges of shallow blisters and plaque furrows, wherein the transplanted plant density is 30% -50% of the density of the species in the natural wetlands;
s6, water resource regulation: shallow water bubbles are used as water storage bubbles for returning to a wet spot block in a rainy season and water supply bubbles for a dry season, and water flows of all spots and surrounding water bodies are controlled by using a water inlet channel and a water gate so as to ensure that the wetland recovers sufficient water demand and regulate ecological hydrologic variables when required.
To further illustrate the restoration effect of the ecological restoration of the wetland, the following will be verified by specific test data: the germination method of the seed stock is carried out by selecting a certain wetland of the mountain and mountain areas of the Wuhan city, wherein more than thirty species of plants are newly added in the wetland habitat, more than 10 species of birds are attracted to inhabit, and part of the newly added plant information is shown in the following table:
the estimated quantity is based on a sample side, actual sampling is used as supplement, the minimum measurement unit is 25 plants, the total area of the wetland is 8 mu, and the estimated area is estimated by combining unmanned aerial vehicle images with an on-site sampling result.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The germination method of the river and lake wetland seed bank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1 sampling and experiment: sampling from plaque soil to be recovered and adjacent natural wetland soil respectively, performing wetland plant seed bank germination experiments on collected soil samples respectively, and judging the degradation degree of the plaque soil to be recovered by calculating the species number proportion and the seed bank density proportion between the two;
s2 plaque preparation: the method comprises the steps of constructing plaque soil with four structures, namely shallow water bubbles, ecological ditches, polder ridges and a wave-like flood wetland;
s3, communicating water: the ecological ditches in the plaque to be recovered are communicated with shallow water bubbles, and then four plaque soil are connected or communicated with each other in sequence to form a transitional water network longitudinal and transverse wetland space, so that the flooding depth in spring and summer is controlled, the ridges are not flooded, the fluctuating flood wetland is regulated in a certain rhythm, and the fluctuating flood wetland regularly dissipates for 5-6 times in 6-8 months;
s4, natural recovery: natural recovery is carried out on the slightly degraded plaque, excessive manual intervention is not needed, and pioneer species are waited to enter through natural transformation of ecological water level;
s5, wetland plant recovery: recovering severely degenerated plaque by adopting a wetland plant seed bank and root propagules in a ridge area, and spreading natural soil in adjacent swamp meadows on the plaque ridge at intervals, wherein the thickness of the natural soil is 2cm-4cm; scattering rhizomes of marsh plants or plant bodies with rhizomes of the multi-year marsh wetland in the adjacent marsh of the area in shallow bubbles and ecological ditches; transplanting the grass plants, nutgrass or knotweed with roots and stems in adjacent wetlands in the area to soil in the land and water transition zone at the edges of shallow blisters and plaque furrows;
s6, water resource regulation: shallow water bubbles are used as water storage bubbles for returning to a wet spot block in a rainy season and water supply bubbles for a dry season, and water flows of all spots and surrounding water bodies are controlled by using a water inlet channel and a water gate so as to ensure that the wetland recovers sufficient water demand and regulate ecological hydrologic variables when required.
2. The germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, calculating the ratio of the number of wetland plant species in the plaque soil to be recovered to the number of the species in the natural wetland soil seed bank, and judging that the soil is degraded if the ratio exceeds 70%; and calculating the ratio of the seed pool density in the plaque soil to be restored to the natural wetland seed pool density, and judging the degradation if the ratio exceeds 60 percent.
3. The germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank according to claim 1, wherein: in the S2, 1-3 shallow bubbles are excavated in plaque soil to be recovered, and the depth is 1.0m-1.5m; using a mechanical tool to open parallel plaque furrows on the bare ground, and constructing a furrow micro-relief combined landform, wherein the depth of the ecological furrows is 25cm-30cm, and the width of the furrows is 50cm-80cm; the height of the ridge of the polder is 15cm-35cm, the width is 50m-100cm, and the distance between furrows is 2m-4m; the fluctuation flood wetland is a gentle slope part in four structures, and the gradient is not more than 30 degrees.
4. The germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the flooding depth in spring is controlled to be 5cm-20cm, and the flooding depth in summer is controlled to be 20cm-35cm.
5. The germination method of a river and lake wetland seed bank according to claim 1, wherein: in the S5, the scattered plant density is 30-50% of the density of the species in the natural wetland, and the transplanted plant density is 30-50% of the density of the species in the natural wetland.
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