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CN116121644A - 一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN116121644A
CN116121644A CN202211663161.XA CN202211663161A CN116121644A CN 116121644 A CN116121644 A CN 116121644A CN 202211663161 A CN202211663161 A CN 202211663161A CN 116121644 A CN116121644 A CN 116121644A
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percent
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刘俊
武金明
杨洋
韩步强
王小双
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Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Works Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其生产方法,其化学成分按重量wt%含有:C:0.47~0.52%,Si:0.40~0.60%,Mn:1.30~1.50%,V:0.08~0.12%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Cr:0.10~0.30%,P:≤0.012%,S:≤0.002%,Ca:0.0010~0.0030%,O:≤0.002%,N:≤0.004%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。其生产工艺步骤是:转炉炼钢‑>LF精炼‑>VD或RH真空脱气‑>Ca处理‑>连铸‑>热送‑>加热‑>轧制‑>钢板缓冷‑>淬火‑>回火。本发明钢板厚度≤12mm,宽度可达4000mm,钢板韧性优良,20℃冲击Akv≥27J,硬度30~40HRC。制成的锯片可在400~500℃范围内稳定运行,具有较长的使用寿命。

Description

一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于特种钢冶炼领域,具体涉及一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
矿山圆盘锯片用钢主要用于切割花岗岩、大理石等石材。在切割过程中,锯片会存在一定的震动,因此锯片用钢在具备高硬度、高耐磨的同时,必须具有优良的抵抗冲击载荷的韧性,避免出现崩齿等脆性断裂。此外,锯片在高速旋转过程中会产生大量的热量,工作温度迅速升高,因此锯片用钢还必须具有一定的耐热性。
随着我国钢铁工业的发展,近年来,国内锯片用钢的生产与应用逐渐与国际接轨。中国专利CN110284061A公开了一种耐高温变形75Cr1锯片钢及其生产方法。该发明碳含量高0.72~0.80%,淬火后易产生针状马氏体,虽然强度高,耐磨性好,但韧性不足。发明热轧交货,采用层流冷却,在700℃左右进行卷曲。钢板硬度≤325HB,在后续应用前还需要开平、油淬,增加了应用成本。同时受连轧、卷曲设备的限制,不能生产直径3000mm以上的大直径锯片用钢。
中国专利CN105063478B公开了一种锯片用50Mn2V钢板及其生产方法。钢板采用连铸坯二次开坯轧制,通过多次矫直解决钢板平直度问题。该发明只能提供热轧半成品,客户需要进行后续热处理,增加使用成本。
中国专利CN104532150A公开了一种超宽锯片钢及其制造方法。发明采用0.35~0.45%中碳设计,结合Nb/V/Ti微合金化,同时添加了Mo、Ni等贵金属,增加钢板韧性。为降低成本,钢板采用在线淬火+离线回火的方式生产,但在线淬火会导致钢板头尾性能的不均匀,影响锯片的使用寿命。
中国专利CN113684421A公开了一种矿山超宽圆盘锯片用钢的生产方法。钢板采用0.17~0.20%低碳设计,添加了B元素增加钢板淬透性。钢板采用870℃淬火,250~300℃低温回火,组织为回火马氏体。该发明为添加Cr/Mo/V等元素,不具备耐热性和回火抗性,在300℃以上工作时,锯片硬度会急剧下降,导致失效。
目前,锯片钢逐步形成了高碳到低碳的系列产品。低碳钢可以采用水淬,韧性好,但耐热性不好,不能在较高温度下使用。中、高碳钢硬度高、耐磨性好,但存在韧性差、易开裂的问题。同时,为避免淬火开裂,中高碳锯片钢钢厂一般只做热轧半成品,客户进行盐浴加热及油淬,热处理工序复杂,成本高,且油淬时产生油烟不利于环保。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板及其制造方法,直接采用水淬,成本低廉又利于环保。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板,所述钢板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C:0.47~0.52%,Si:0.40~0.60%,Mn:1.30~1.50%,V:0.08~0.12%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Cr:0.10~0.30%,P:≤0.012%,S:≤0.002%,Ca:0.0010~0.0030%,O:≤0.002%,N:≤0.004%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
本发明所述高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的厚度为≤12mm,宽度最大可达4000mm。
本发明中钢成分的限定理由阐述如下:
C:碳作为固溶元素可以显著提高钢板的强度和硬度,但钢板的塑韧性及焊接性能带来不利影响。基于钢板硬度需要,本发明中碳含量控制为0.47~0.52%。
Si:硅进入铁素体起固溶强化作用,能够显著提高钢的弹性极限、屈服强度并提高疲劳强度,改善锯片钢耐磨性和使用寿命。同时,Si元素有减少奥氏体向马氏体转变时体积变化的作用,从而有效控制淬火裂纹的产生。但含量较高时,能降低钢的塑韧性。本发明Si含量控制为0.40~0.60%。
Mn:降低临界转变温度Ar3,提高钢的淬透性,在所述钢中起固溶强化作用,明显提高钢的强度。Mn含量过高,容易产生偏析,降低钢板韧性。本发明规定锰含量加入量介于1.30~1.50%的范围内。
V:细化晶粒元素,回火时V(C/N)析出,可起到显著的析出强化作用和耐热性。V含量过低,锯片钢高温下会发生软化导致失效;V含量过高,会恶化钢板韧性和焊接性能。因此,本发明V含量控制为0.08~0.12%。
Al:脱氧和细化晶粒元素。本发明取消了Nb和Ti的加入,主要利用Al在900℃以上进行细化晶粒。含量过低,细化作用不明显,含量过高,易形成Al2O3夹杂,对韧性不利。本发明规定Al含量0.03~0.06%。
Cr:是提高钢淬透性的元素,促进马氏体的转变,提高钢的强度。但Cr含量过高将影响钢的韧性,降低钢板的焊接性能。本发明铬含量控制在0.10~0.30%。
Ca:夹杂物变性元素,可以和长条状的MnS反应生成球状的CaS,改变钢板各向异性,还可以使得Al脱氧产生的Al2O3夹杂变性为球性低熔点夹杂,促进夹杂物上浮去除,提高钢板韧性。本发明控制Ca含量0.0010~0.0030%。
P:钢中有害元素,易偏析,对材料塑韧性有不利影响。P含量高,钢板脆性增加,容易造成钢板冷弯开裂。本发明规定P:≤0.012%
S:钢中有害元素,易偏析,与Mn元素很容易形成MnS偏析夹杂,导致钢板分层开裂,显著降低钢板冷弯性能。由于本发明采用高Mn设计,因此S含量必须控制在较低的水平,规定S:≤0.002%。
O、N、H:有害气体元素,含量高,夹杂物多,降低钢板塑韧性,钢板开裂风险高。本发明严格控制O含量不高于0.002%;N含量不高于0.004%;H含量不高于0.0002%。
本发明另提供上述一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的制备方法,具体工艺如下,
冶炼、连铸工艺:进行铁水预处理,采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理。钢水脱气后进行微量Ca处理。连铸采用低过热度浇注,全程氩气保护浇注,以及动态轻压下控制。钢水过热度控制在5~20℃,中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级。
加热工艺:由于铸坯C含量高,极易产生裂纹,铸坯快速下限,不经缓冷,直接热送至步进式加热炉。铸坯热送入炉温度不低于400℃,加热速率≤8.5min/cm。为避免加热过程中在铸坯表面发生脱碳,铸坯采用低温均热工艺,均热温度1150~1180℃,均热时间25~50min。
轧钢工艺:铸坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理后进入炉卷轧机或宽厚板轧机轧制,最大宽度可达4000mm。钢板采用高温热轧方式,开轧温度介于1000~1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛缓冷,缓冷时间≥48小时,避免冷却应力的产生。
淬火工艺:钢板缓冷后进行离线淬火处理。为增加锯片钢韧性,避免淬火裂纹产生,钢板淬火在Ac1~Ac3两相区进行,淬火温度720~780℃,钢板心部到温后,保温时间为30~60min。
回火工艺:钢板淬火后,需要在400~500℃进行回火。钢板心部到温后,回火保温时间30~90min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明采用经济型成分设计,仅包含C,Si,Mn,Cr,V,Ca低成本金属元素,成本低廉。
本发明采用热送热装工艺进行轧制,铸坯热送入炉温度不低于400℃,加热速率≤8.5min/cm,即解决了中高碳锯片钢铸坯裂纹问题,又利用了铸坯热量,降低了加热能源消耗,加快了生产节奏,有利于大批量生产,进一步降低成本。
钢板采用炉卷或宽厚板轧机进行轧制,与传统锯片钢的热连轧生产工艺相比,生产锯片直径更大,可达4000mm。同时钢板平板轧制,无需卷曲,减少了客户后续开平工序,平直度高,成本低。
本发明取消层流冷却,采用高温热轧及轧后缓冷工艺,降低了钢板内应力,避免了淬火裂纹的产生。
与传统锯片钢油淬热处理不同,本发明直接采用水淬,成本低廉又利于环保。钢板在两相区进行淬火,获得马氏体和铁素体两相组织。马氏体基体提供高硬度高强度,铁素体基体大幅度提高了锯片钢的韧性,使得在后序使用过程中降低了脆性断裂的风险。
钢板韧性优良,20℃冲击Akv≥27J,硬度30~40HRC。制成的锯片可在400~500℃范围内稳定运行,具有较长的使用寿命。
本发明方法,可以推广应用至其它高碳或低碳锯片用钢的生产。
附图说明:
图1是本发明实施例1的试验钢典型淬火组织金相图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明内容作进一步说明。
本发明的高强度钢的生产工艺流程为:转炉或电炉炼钢->LF精炼->VD或RH真空脱气->Ca处理->连铸->热送->加热->轧制->钢板缓冷->淬火->回火。
本发明实施例1-2的高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)炼钢连铸:采用150吨转炉冶炼,然后送入LF炉进行精炼并经过RH真空脱气处理,破空进行Ca处理。钢水浇铸成150mm厚的连铸坯。浇铸温度控制在液相线以上5-20℃。浇铸过程中实施动态轻压下。中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级。钢水最终成分控制见表1。
(2)加热轧制:将步骤(1)所得连铸坯热送至步进式加热炉。铸坯热送入炉温度不低于400℃,加热速率≤8.5min/cm。铸坯采用低温均热工艺,均热温度1150~1180℃,均热时间25~50min。铸坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理进入炉卷轧机或宽厚板轧机轧制。钢板采用高温热轧方式,开轧温度介于1000~1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。
(3)缓冷:钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛缓冷,缓冷时间≥48小时,避免冷却应力的产生。
(4)淬火:钢板缓冷后进行离线淬火处理。为增加锯片钢韧性,避免淬火裂纹产生,钢板淬火在Ac1~Ac3两相区进行,淬火温度720~780℃,钢板心部到温后,保温时间为30~60min。
(5)回火:钢板淬火后,需要在400~500℃进行回火。钢板心部到温后,回火保温时间30~90min。
具体成分、工艺参数见表1~表3。各实例样板对应的性能见表4。
表1实施例超强钢板的化学成分(wt%)
实施例 C Si Mn P S Al V Cr Ca O N H
1 0.51 0.50 1.45 0.010 0.001 0.040 0.11 0.25 0.0015 0.0010 0.0030 0.0001
2 0.49 0.55 1.40 0.010 0.001 0.045 0.09 0.15 0.0012 0.0008 0.0028 0.0001
表2轧制工艺控制
Figure BDA0004014777500000051
表3热处理工艺控制
Figure BDA0004014777500000052
表4本发明实施例拉伸、冲击、弯曲性能
Figure BDA0004014777500000053
Figure BDA0004014777500000061
图1给出了实施例1试验钢典型淬火组织的金相照片。钢板淬火组织是由马氏体和铁素体构成的双相组织,确保了钢板具有优良的冲击韧性。
本发明采用高洁净度炼钢连铸工艺,热送热轧及调质热处理工艺,从化学成分设计、母材组织、轧制变形、热处理温度及时间等角度进行控制,保证钢板具有高耐磨、高韧性及优良的耐热性,为中高碳锯片用钢改善冲击韧性提供了解决方案。
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是应该清楚地理解,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板由以下重量百分比含量的组分组成:C:0.47~0.52%,Si:0.40~0.60%,Mn:1.30~1.50%,V:0.08~0.12%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Cr:0.10~0.30%,P:≤0.012%,S:≤0.002%,Ca:0.0010~0.0030%,O:≤0.002%,N:≤0.004%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板,其特征在于所述钢板的厚度≤12mm,宽度可达4000mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板,其特征在于所述钢板20℃冲击Akv≥27J,硬度30~40HRC,制成的锯片可在400~500℃范围内稳定运行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板,其特征在于所述钢板的淬火组织为细小的马氏体组织和铁素体组织组成的双相组织。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:整个工艺流程为:冶炼、连铸、加热、轧制、缓冷、淬火和回火,具体步骤为:
(1)冶炼连铸
按制定的化学成分采用转炉方式冶炼,并采用炉外精炼和真空处理进一步微调;
(2)加热轧制
连铸之后的铸坯直接热送至加热炉,入炉温度不低于400℃,加热速率≤8.5min/cm,铸坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理后进入炉卷轧机或宽厚板轧机轧制;
(3)缓冷
钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛缓冷,缓冷时间≥48小时;
(4)淬火:经过缓冷后的钢板在Ac1~Ac3两相区进行淬火,淬火温度720~780℃,钢板心部到温后,保温时间为30~60min;
(5)回火:钢板淬火后在400~500℃进行回火,钢板心部到温后,回火保温时间30~90min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述冶炼连铸工艺具体为:进行铁水预处理,采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理,钢水脱气后进行微量Ca处理,连铸采用低过热度浇注,全程氩气保护浇注,以及动态轻压下控制,钢水过热度控制在5~20℃,中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中为避免加热过程中在铸坯表面发生脱碳,铸坯采用低温均热工艺,铸坯均热温度1150~1180℃,均热时间25~50min。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种高韧性矿山圆盘锯片钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中钢板采用高温热轧方式,开轧温度介于1000~1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。
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