CN115854749A - Fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger - Google Patents
Fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN115854749A CN115854749A CN202310134017.5A CN202310134017A CN115854749A CN 115854749 A CN115854749 A CN 115854749A CN 202310134017 A CN202310134017 A CN 202310134017A CN 115854749 A CN115854749 A CN 115854749A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger, which comprises a heat exchange shell, wherein two ends of the heat exchange shell are packaged by solid flange plates; a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the heat exchange shell and are uniformly distributed in the heat exchange shell; the upper end and the lower extreme of heat transfer casing are provided with cold source export and cold source import respectively, are provided with the Z shape passageway with cold source export and cold source import intercommunication in the heat transfer casing, and the heat exchange tube passes the Z shape passageway. The invention effectively reduces the volume of the whole heat exchanger under the condition of not influencing the heat exchange efficiency and the fluid resistance, improves the convenience of the use of the heat exchanger and leads the heat exchanger to be more widely applied in fuel cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell preheating utilization calculation, in particular to a fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger.
Background
A fuel cell power generation system is a power generation device that generates electric energy by generating water through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and generates a large amount of heat at the same time as generating electric energy. The whole reaction temperature of the fuel cell is low (the reaction temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is less than 100 ℃), so the generated heat is low in taste, cannot be efficiently utilized, and is commonly used for heating or supplying heat and the like. Heat is therefore available as a very small fraction thereof, most of which needs to be dissipated through a heat sink. The conventional heat exchanger has low heat exchange efficiency and large volume, and occupies large space in the application of fuel cells, thereby limiting the use of the heat exchanger.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger which effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency under the condition of not increasing the fluid resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange shell, wherein two ends of the heat exchange shell are packaged through solid flanges, two ends of the heat exchange shell are respectively provided with a heat source inlet cavity and a heat source outlet cavity, the heat source inlet cavity and the heat source outlet cavity are respectively provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, and the end parts of the heat source inlet cavity and the heat source outlet cavity are fixed on the solid flanges through hollow flanges;
a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the heat exchange shell, the heat exchange tubes are uniformly distributed in the heat exchange shell, two ends of each heat exchange tube penetrate through solid flanges at two ends of the heat exchange shell, two ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively connected with tube boxes arranged in a heat source inlet cavity and a heat source outlet cavity, the tube box in the heat source inlet cavity is connected with the heat source inlet, and the tube box in the heat source outlet cavity is connected with the heat source outlet;
the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange shell are respectively provided with a cold source outlet and a cold source inlet, a Z-shaped channel communicated with the cold source outlet and the cold source inlet is arranged in the heat exchange shell, and the heat exchange tube penetrates through the Z-shaped channel.
Furthermore, the Z-shaped channel comprises a plurality of baffle plates arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell, the baffle plates are arranged at intervals, a gap is formed between the baffle plate fixed at the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell, and a gap is formed between the baffle plate fixed at the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell and the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell.
Furthermore, a plurality of distance pipes are arranged on the solid flange plate, the distance pipes penetrate through the baffle plate to fix the baffle plate, a pull rod is arranged at the end part of each distance pipe, and the end part of each pull rod is fixed on the baffle plate.
Furthermore, the border of solid ring flange is provided with heavy platform, and the border of hollow ring flange is provided with the boss, and the boss is spacing and location with heavy platform cooperation.
Furthermore, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the center of the heat exchange shell in a square array.
Further, the size design method of the heat exchange tube comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the operating current of the fuel cell stackIMonolithic voltageε cell Number of segments of the stackn stack Calculating heat generation amount of fuel cellQ stack ：
Wherein,ε 0 theoretical electromotive force of the fuel cell;
s2: by using inlet temperature of cooling system during operation of fuel cell stackT stack，in And outlet temperatureT stack，out Calculating coolant flow in a fuel cell cooling systemM stack ：
Wherein,c pstack the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel cell cooling liquid;
s3: according to the temperature of the cold source inlett 1 Temperature of cold source outlett 2 And the flow of the cooling liquid flowing between the cold source inlet and the cold source outletM cool Calculating and utilizing the amount of waste heatQ cool ：
Wherein,C pcool the constant pressure specific heat capacity is set for the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell;
s4: by using heat generationQ stack Flow rate of cooling systemM stack And inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tubeT 1 Calculating the temperature of the outlet end of the heat exchange tubeT 2 ：
Wherein,c pi the specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube is constant,μ pi the viscosity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube;
s5: according to the inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tubeT 1 Temperature at outlet endT 2 Temperature of cold source inlett 1 Temperature of cold source outlett 2 Calculating logarithmic temperature difference deltat mc ：
S6: calculating the corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m ：
Wherein,
in order to obtain a temperature difference correction coefficient,P、Rrespectively are temperature difference correction indexes;
s7: using the amount of waste heatQ cool Corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m Calculating the designed heat transfer areaF'：
Wherein,K'to design the heat transfer coefficient;
s8: flow rate of heat exchange tube according to designu i Flow rate of coolant in cooling system of fuel cellM stack Calculating the number of heat exchange tubesnAnd cross-sectional area of heat exchange tubeA i ：
Wherein,ρ i in order to determine the density of the cooling fluid in the heat exchange tube,A i is the sectional area of the heat exchange tube,d i designing the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube;
s9: according to design heat transfer areaF'Number of heat exchange tubesnAnd the design outer diameter of the heat exchange tubed 0 Calculating the length of the heat exchange tubeL：
Further, the size calculation method of the heat exchange shell comprises the following steps:
a1: according to the design outer diameter of the heat exchange tubed 0 Calculating the center distance between adjacent heat exchange tubesS：
A2: according to the center distanceSDesigned outer diameter of heat exchange tubed 0 Number of heat exchange tubesnCalculating the inner diameter of the heat exchange shellD s ：
Wherein,D L the tube bundle formed by the plurality of heat exchange tubes is farthest from the center of the heat exchange shell,d L the distance between the outermost shell of the heat exchange shell and the tube bundle;
a3: setting the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange tubeu 1 Flow velocity of coolant flowing in the heat exchange housingu 2 Calculating the inner diameters of the cold source outlet and the cold source inletD i Inner diameters of heat source inlet and heat source outletD 0 ：
Wherein,ρ i in order to obtain a density of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube,ρ 0 the density of the cooling fluid flowing within the heat exchange housing,M i is the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange tube,M 0 the flow of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell.
Further, the size design method of the baffle plate comprises the following steps:
b1: according to the inner diameter of the heat exchange shellD s Calculating the height of the gap between the baffle plate and the upper and lower ends of the inner surface of the heat exchange shellh：
B2: by heighthAnd inner diameterD s Calculating the central angle of the gap at the end of the baffleθ：
B3: the distance between the baffle plates is set to be 50mm according to the length of the heat exchange tubeLCalculating the number of baffle platesN：
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention effectively reduces the volume of the whole heat exchanger under the condition of not influencing the heat exchange efficiency and the fluid resistance, improves the convenience of the use of the heat exchanger and leads the heat exchanger to be more widely applied in fuel cells. This scheme is through changing heat exchange tube arrangement in the tubular heat exchanger, reduces the pipe diameter of heat exchange tube, increases the quantity of heat exchange tube and then effectively improves heat exchange efficiency, does not cause big resistance loss to fuel cell system's coolant liquid when the heat exchanger size that significantly reduces. Meanwhile, through reasonable design of the number and the structure of the baffle plates, the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange shell and used for absorbing heat forms a Z-shaped channel, the flowing distance in the heat exchange shell is increased, and the heat exchange effect can be further increased. The invention relates to the heat generation quantity of an electric cone in a fuel cellQ stack The sizes of all parts in the heat exchanger are accurately calculated, so that the fuel cells can be matched with each fuel cell, and the heat exchanger is ensured to achieve the optimal heat exchange efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a fuel cell residual heat utilization heat exchanger.
Fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the fuel cell residual heat utilizing heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 is a view B-B of fig. 3.
The heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange shell 1, a heat exchange shell 2, a cold source outlet 3, a solid flange plate 4, a hollow flange plate 5, a heat source inlet 6, a heat source inlet cavity 7, a sinking platform 8, a heat source outlet cavity 9, a heat source outlet 10, a cold source inlet 11, a support 12, a pipe box 13, a heat exchange pipe 14, a distance pipe 15 and a baffle plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger of the present embodiment includes a heat exchange housing 1, two ends of the heat exchange housing 1 are packaged by a solid flange 3, two ends of the heat exchange housing 1 are respectively provided with a heat source inlet cavity 6 and a heat source outlet cavity 8, the heat source inlet cavity 6 and the heat source outlet cavity 8 are respectively provided with a heat source inlet 5 and a heat source outlet 9, and end portions of the heat source inlet cavity 6 and the heat source outlet cavity 8 are fixed on the solid flange 3 by a hollow flange 4.
A plurality of heat exchange tubes 13 are arranged in the heat exchange shell 1, the heat exchange tubes 13 are uniformly distributed in the heat exchange shell 1, two ends of each heat exchange tube 13 penetrate through the solid flange plates 3 at two ends of the heat exchange shell 1, two ends of each heat exchange tube 13 are respectively connected with a tube box 12 arranged in the heat source inlet cavity 6 and the heat source outlet cavity 8, the tube box 12 in the heat source inlet cavity 6 is connected with the heat source inlet 5, and the tube box 12 in the heat source outlet cavity 8 is connected with the heat source outlet 9.
The upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange shell 1 are respectively provided with a cold source outlet 2 and a cold source inlet 10, a Z-shaped channel communicated with the cold source outlet 2 and the cold source inlet 10 is arranged in the heat exchange shell 1, and the heat exchange tube 13 penetrates through the Z-shaped channel.
In the embodiment, the Z-shaped channel comprises a plurality of baffle plates 15 arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1, the baffle plates 15 are arranged at intervals, a gap is formed between the baffle plate 15 fixed at the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1 and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1, and a gap is formed between the baffle plate 15 fixed at the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1 and the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1.
In this embodiment, the solid flange 3 is provided with a plurality of distance tubes 14, the distance tubes 14 penetrate through the baffle plate 15 and are fixed to the baffle plate 15, and the end portions of the distance tubes 14 are provided with pull rods, and the end portions of the pull rods are fixed to the baffle plate 15. The distance tube 14 is used for supporting the baffle plate 15 and ensuring the baffle plate 15 to be evenly distributed, and the pull rod effectively increases the length of the distance tube 14.
The border of solid ring flange 3 is provided with heavy platform 7, and the border of hollow ring flange 4 is provided with the boss, and the boss is spacing and the location with heavy platform 7 cooperation, easy to assemble and equipment heat exchanger, and the bottom of heat exchanger is installed and is fixed through support 11.
A plurality of heat exchange tubes 13 are arranged in a square array in the center of the heat exchange shell 1.
The size design method of the heat exchange tube 13 in the embodiment is as follows:
s1: according to the operating current of the fuel cell stackIMonolithic voltageε cell Number of segments of the stackn stack Calculating heat generation amount of fuel cellQ stack ：
Wherein,ε 0 theoretical electromotive force of the fuel cell;
s2: by using inlet temperature of cooling system during operation of fuel cell stackT stack，in And outlet temperatureT stack，out Calculating coolant flow in a fuel cell cooling systemM stack ：
Wherein,c pstack is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel cell coolant;
s3: the temperature of the cold source inlet 10 is set according to the temperature of the heat exchanger endt 1 The temperature of the cold source outlet 2t 2 And the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing between the cold source inlet 10 and the cold source outlet 2M cool Calculating and utilizing the residual heat quantityQ cool ：
Wherein,C pcool the constant-pressure specific heat capacity is set for the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell 1;
s4: by using heat generationQ stack Flow rate of cooling systemM stack And the inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tube 13T 1 Calculating the outlet end temperature of the heat exchange tube 13T 2 ：
Wherein,c pi the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange pipe 13,μ pi is the viscosity of the cooling liquid flowing inside the heat exchange tube 13;
s5: according to the inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tube 13T 1 Outlet end temperatureT 2 The temperature of the cold source inlet 10t 1 The temperature of the cold source outlet 2t 2 Calculating logarithmic temperature difference deltat mc ：
S6: calculating the corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m ：
Wherein,
in order to obtain a temperature difference correction coefficient,P、Rrespectively are temperature difference correction indexes;
s7: using the amount of waste heatQ cool Corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m Calculating the designed heat transfer areaF'：
Wherein,K'to design the heat transfer coefficient;
s8: flow rate of the heat exchange pipe 13 according to designu i Flow rate of coolant in fuel cell cooling systemM stack Counting the number of heat exchange tubes 13nAnd cross section of heat exchange tube 13A i ：
Wherein,ρ i as the density of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe 13,A i which is the sectional area of the heat exchange tube 13,d i the designed inner diameter for the heat exchange tube 13;
s9: according to design heat transfer areaF'Number of heat exchange tubes 13nAnd the designed outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 13d 0 Calculating the length of the heat exchange tube 13L：
The size calculation method of the heat exchange shell 1 comprises the following steps:
a1: according to the design outer diameter of the heat exchange pipe 13d 0 Calculating the center distance between the adjacent heat exchange tubes 13S：
A2: according to the center distanceSDesign outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 13d 0 Number of heat exchange tubes 13nCalculating the inner diameter of the Heat exchange Shell 1D s ：
Wherein,D L the bundle of heat exchange tubes 13 is formed with the greatest distance from the center of the heat exchange shell 1,d L the distance between the outermost shell of the heat exchange shell 1 and the tube bundle;
a3: setting the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe 13u 1 Flow velocity of the coolant flowing in the heat exchange shell 1u 2 Calculating the inner diameters of the cold source outlet 2 and the cold source inlet 10D i Inner diameters of heat source inlet 5 and heat source outlet 9D 0 ：
Wherein,ρ i in order to obtain a density of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube,ρ 0 the density of the cooling fluid flowing within the heat exchange housing,M i for the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe 13,M 0 the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell 1;
the size design method of the baffle plate 15 comprises the following steps:
b1: according to the inner diameter of the heat exchange shell 1D s Calculating the height of the gap formed by the baffle plate 15 and the upper end and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange shell 1h：
B2: by heighthAnd inner diameterD s Calculating the central angle of the notch at the end of the baffle plate 15θ：
B3: folding deviceThe interval between the flow plates 15 is set to 50mm according to the length of the heat exchange tube 13LCounting the number of baffles 15N：
The heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger of this embodiment is accounted for:
according to the calculated center distanceSOuter diameter of heat exchange tube 13d 0 Distance between baffle plates 15lInner diameter of heat exchange housing 1D s Flow rate of coolant flowing in heat exchange housing 1M 0 Density of cooling liquid flowing in heat exchange housing 1ρ 0 Viscosity of cooling liquid flowing in heat exchange housing 1μ 0 Minimum flow velocity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange housing 1u 0 Constant pressure specific heat capacity of cooling liquid in heat exchange shell 1c p0 Coefficient of thermal conductivity of cooling liquid in heat exchange shell 1λ 0 To obtain the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange shell 1α 0 ：
Wherein,d e in order to be the equivalent diameter,A 0 the cross-sectional flow area of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell 1,Re 0 as the reynolds number of the heat exchange housing 1,Pr 0 is the prandtl number of the heat exchange shell 1.
According to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe 13d i Tube side coolant flowM i （M stack ) Tube side cooling liquid densityρ i Minimum flow rate of tube pass cooling liquidu i Tube side coolant viscosityμ i Constant-pressure specific heat capacity of tube pass cooling liquidc pi Coefficient of heat transfer of tube side coolantλ i To obtain the tube pass heat transfer coefficientα i ：
Wherein,A i the cross-sectional flow area of the heat exchange tube 13,Re i is the reynolds number of the heat exchange tube 13,Pr i is the prandtl number of the heat exchange tube 13.
The thermal resistance of the coolant dirt in the heat exchange tube 13 can be obtained by inquiring datar i Coolant fouling resistance in heat exchange housing 1r 0 According to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange shell 1α 0 Heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange pipe 13α i Outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 13d 0 Inner diameter of the heat exchange tube 13d i To find the total heat transfer coefficientK。
According to the number of the heat exchange tubes 13nOuter diameter of the heat exchange tube 13d 0 Length of the heat exchange tube 13LDesign to utilize the waste heatQ cool Correction of logarithmic temperature difference Δt m Total heat transfer coefficientKTo find the heat exchange area marginH：
Wherein,A p in order to be an actual heat transfer area,Fto design the heat transfer area.
If it is calculatedHIf the calculated H is less than 0.15, the step S7 is returned to reset the heat transfer coefficientK'Or returning to the step S8 to reset the flow rate of the heat exchange pipe 13u i And carrying out design calculation again.
And (3) calculating resistance of the calculation result:
according to heat exchange tubes 13The friction coefficient of the heat exchange tube 13 can be obtained by material inquiryf i According to the length of the heat exchange tube 13LInner diameter of heat exchange tube 13d i Flow rate of cooling liquid in heat exchange tube 13u i Density of cooling liquid in heat exchange tube 13ρ i The resistance delta in the heat exchange tube 13 can be obtainedp i ：
Wherein, deltap t Is the straight tube resistance, delta, of the heat exchange tube 13p r Which is the bending resistance of the heat exchange tube 13.
If calculated Deltap i The outlet pressure of the cooling system of the fuel cell is less than 0.05 multiplied by the pressure, the design requirement is met, if the delta is calculated and calculatedp i The pressure of the outlet of the cooling system of the fuel cell is more than or equal to 0.05 multiplied by the pressure, the step S8 is returned to reset the tube pass flow rateu i And carrying out design calculation again.
The friction coefficient of the heat exchange tube 13 to the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell 1 can be obtained according to the material query of the heat exchange tube 13f 0 Fluid friction factor in the heat exchange shell 1f k Correction coefficient of fluid in shell replacing shellF s Number of baffles 15NOuter diameter of heat exchange tube 13d 0 Flow rate of cooling liquid in heat exchange housing 1u 0 Density of cooling liquid in heat exchange housing 1ρ 0 Distance between baffles 15lInner diameter of heat exchange housing 1D s Flow rate of heat source inlet 5u 2 The resistance delta of the heat exchange tubes 13 to the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell 1 can be obtainedp 0 ：
Wherein Δp bk Resistance, delta, of the straight end of the heat exchange tube 13 to the coolant in the heat exchange housing 1p wk For heat exchange by baffles 15Resistance, Δ, of the cooling liquid in the housing 1p nk The resistance of the cold source inlet 10 and the cold source outlet.
If calculated Deltap 0 The outlet pressure of the waste heat utilization pump is less than 0.15 multiplied by the design requirement, and if delta is calculated and calculatedp 0 The pressure of the waste heat utilization pump outlet is more than or equal to 0.15 times, the step S8 is returned to reset the flow rate of the heat source inlet 5u 2 And carrying out design calculation again.
The invention effectively reduces the volume of the whole heat exchanger under the condition of not influencing the heat exchange efficiency and the fluid resistance, improves the convenience of the use of the heat exchanger and leads the heat exchanger to be more widely applied in fuel cells. This scheme is through changing heat exchange tube 13 arrangement in the tubular heat exchanger, reduces heat exchange tube 13's pipe diameter, increases heat exchange tube 13's quantity and then effectively improves heat exchange efficiency, does not cause big resistance loss to fuel cell system's coolant liquid when the heat exchanger size that significantly reduces.
Meanwhile, through reasonable design of the number and the structure of the baffle plates 15, the cooling liquid for absorbing heat flows in the heat exchange shell 1 to form a Z-shaped channel, the flowing distance in the heat exchange shell 1 is increased, and the people exchanging effect can be further increased. The invention is based on the heat generation quantity of the electric cone in the fuel cellQ stack The sizes of all parts in the heat exchanger are accurately calculated, so that the fuel cells can be matched with each fuel cell, and the heat exchanger is ensured to achieve the optimal heat exchange efficiency.
Claims (8)
1. The heat exchanger for utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising a heat exchange shell, wherein two ends of the heat exchange shell are packaged through solid flanges, two ends of the heat exchange shell are respectively provided with a heat source inlet cavity and a heat source outlet cavity, the heat source inlet cavity and the heat source outlet cavity are respectively provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, and the end parts of the heat source inlet cavity and the heat source outlet cavity are fixed on the solid flanges through hollow flanges;
the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange shell, a heat source inlet cavity, a heat source outlet cavity, a heat source inlet, a heat source outlet and a plurality of heat exchange tubes, wherein the heat exchange shell is internally provided with the plurality of heat exchange tubes which are uniformly distributed in the heat exchange shell, two ends of each heat exchange tube penetrate through solid flange plates at two ends of the heat exchange shell, two ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively connected with a tube box arranged in the heat source inlet cavity and the heat source outlet cavity, the tube box in the heat source inlet cavity is connected with the heat source inlet, and the tube box in the heat source outlet cavity is connected with the heat source outlet;
the upper end and the lower extreme of heat transfer casing are provided with cold source export and cold source import respectively, be provided with the Z shape passageway with cold source export and cold source import intercommunication in the heat transfer casing, the heat exchange tube passes Z shape passageway.
2. The fuel cell waste heat utilizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the Z-shaped passage includes a plurality of baffle plates disposed at upper and lower ends of an inner surface of the heat exchange housing, the plurality of baffle plates are disposed at intervals, a gap is disposed between the baffle plate fixed at the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange housing and the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange housing, and a gap is disposed between the baffle plate fixed at the lower end of the inner surface of the heat exchange housing and the upper end of the inner surface of the heat exchange housing.
3. The fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of distance pipes are arranged on the solid flange plate, the distance pipes penetrate through the baffle plate to fix the baffle plate, and a pull rod is arranged at the end part of each distance pipe and fixed on the baffle plate.
4. The fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the edge of the solid flange is provided with a sink, the edge of the hollow flange is provided with a boss, and the boss and the sink are matched for limiting and positioning.
5. The fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in a square array in the center of the heat exchange housing.
6. The fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange pipe is dimensioned by a method comprising:
s1: according to the operating current of the fuel cell stackIMonolithic voltageε cell Number of segments of the stackn stack Calculating heat generation amount of fuel cellQ stack ：
Wherein,ε 0 theoretical electromotive force of the fuel cell;
s2: by using inlet temperature of cooling system during operation of fuel cell stackT stack，in And outlet temperatureT stack，out Calculating coolant flow in a fuel cell cooling systemM stack ：
Wherein,c pstack the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel cell cooling liquid;
s3: according to the temperature of the cold source inlett 1 Temperature of cold source outlett 2 And the flow of the cooling liquid flowing between the cold source inlet and the cold source outletM cool Calculating and utilizing the residual heat quantityQ cool ：
Wherein,C pcool the constant pressure specific heat capacity is set for the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell;
s4: by using heat generationQ stack Flow rate of cooling systemM stack And inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tubeT 1 Calculating the outlet end temperature of the heat exchange tubeT 2 ：
Wherein,c pi the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube,μ pi the viscosity of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube;
s5: according to the inlet end temperature of the heat exchange tubeT 1 Temperature at outlet endT 2 Temperature of cold source inlett 1 Temperature of cold source outlett 2 Calculating logarithmic temperature difference deltat mc ：
S6: calculating the corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m ：
Wherein,
in order to obtain a temperature difference correction coefficient,P、Rrespectively are temperature difference correction indexes;
s7: using the amount of waste heatQ cool Corrected logarithmic temperature difference deltat m Calculating the designed heat transfer areaF'：
Wherein,K'to design the heat transfer coefficient;
s8: flow rate of heat exchange tube according to designu i Flow rate of coolant in cooling system of fuel cellM stack Calculating the number of heat exchange tubesnAnd cross section of heat exchange tubeA i ：
Wherein,ρ i in order to determine the density of the cooling fluid in the heat exchange tube,A i is the sectional area of the heat exchange tube,d i designing the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube;
s9: according to design heat transfer areaF'Number of heat exchange tubesnAnd the design outer diameter of the heat exchange tubed 0 Calculating the length of the heat exchange tubeL：
7. The fuel cell residual heat utilizing heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 5, wherein the heat exchange housing is sized by:
a1: according to the design outer diameter of the heat exchange tubed 0 Calculating the center distance between adjacent heat exchange tubesS：
A2: according to the center distanceSDesign outer diameter of heat exchange tubed 0 Number of heat exchange tubesnCalculating the inner diameter of the heat exchange shellD s ：
Wherein,D L the tube bundle formed by the plurality of heat exchange tubes is farthest from the center of the heat exchange shell,d L the distance between the outermost shell of the heat exchange shell and the tube bundle;
a3: setting the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange tubeu 1 Flow velocity of coolant flowing in the heat exchange housingu 2 Calculating the inner diameters of the cold source outlet and the cold source inletD i Inner diameters of heat source inlet and heat source outletD 0 ：
Wherein,ρ i in order to obtain a density of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat exchange tube,ρ 0 the density of the cooling fluid flowing within the heat exchange housing,M i is the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange tube,M 0 the flow of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange shell.
8. The fuel cell residual heat utilization heat exchanger according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the baffle plate is sized in such a manner that:
b1: according to the inner diameter of the heat exchange shellD s Calculating the height of the gap between the baffle plate and the upper and lower ends of the inner surface of the heat exchange shellh：
B2: by heighthAnd inner diameterD s Calculating the central angle of the gap at the end of the baffleθ：
B3: the distance between the baffle plates is set to be 50mm according to the length of the heat exchange tubeLCalculating the number of baffle platesN：
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310134017.5A CN115854749A (en) | 2023-02-20 | 2023-02-20 | Fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310134017.5A CN115854749A (en) | 2023-02-20 | 2023-02-20 | Fuel cell waste heat utilization heat exchanger |
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