CN115555894B

CN115555894B - Intelligent machining center

Info

Publication number: CN115555894B
Application number: CN202211067608.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋修华; 杨志雄
Original assignee: Nanjing Tengyang Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Tengyang Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-01
Filing date: 2022-09-01
Publication date: 2023-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-01
Also published as: CN115555894A

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent machining center which comprises a machine tool body, a machining table, a main shaft and a tool magazine, wherein a rotatable tool changing mechanism and a cutter disc are arranged on the same axis in the tool magazine, a plurality of tool clamping mechanisms are fixed at the outer edge of the cutter disc, and the distance between one nearest tool clamping mechanism and the tool changing mechanism is equal to the distance between the other nearest tool clamping mechanism and the main shaft; the tool changing mechanism comprises a sleeve, an electric push rod used for driving the sleeve to stretch out and draw back, a tool holder used for disassembling and assembling a tool and a driving motor used for driving the sleeve to rotate and change tools, wherein a connecting rod between the sleeve and the tool holder is connected, and the tool holder is centrally symmetrical relative to the axial lead of the sleeve. The cutter clamping mechanisms are distributed on the outer side of the circular cutter head, different cutters are clamped, the cutter head can rotate, and then the positions of the different cutters are changed.

Description

Intelligent machining center

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to an intelligent machining center.

Background

The numerical control machining center is a high-efficiency automatic machine tool which consists of mechanical equipment and a numerical control system and is suitable for machining complex parts. The milling, boring, drilling, tapping, thread cutting and other functions are concentrated on one piece of equipment, so that the milling, boring, drilling, thread cutting and other functions have various processing procedures and technological means. The processing center classifies according to the space position of the main shaft during processing: horizontal and vertical machining centers.

The numerical control machining center is developed from a numerical control milling machine, and the greatest difference between the numerical control machining center and the numerical control milling machine is that the numerical control machining center has the capability of automatically exchanging machining tools, and the machining tools on a main shaft can be changed through an automatic tool changing device in one clamping by installing tools with different purposes on a tool magazine, so that various machining functions are realized, however, the existing tool magazine is of a chain structure, the transmission speed is low, the tool changing time is long, and the machining efficiency is further influenced.

For this purpose, we propose an intelligent machining center to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an intelligent processing center so as to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the intelligent machining center comprises a machine tool body, a machining table, a main shaft and a tool magazine, wherein a rotatable tool changing mechanism and a cutter disc are arranged on the same axis in the tool magazine, a plurality of tool clamping mechanisms are fixed at the outer edge of the cutter disc, and the distance between one nearest tool clamping mechanism and the tool changing mechanism is equal to the distance between the main shaft and the tool changing mechanism;

the tool changing mechanism comprises a sleeve, an electric push rod used for driving the sleeve to stretch out and draw back, a tool holder used for disassembling and assembling a tool and a driving motor used for driving the sleeve to rotate and change tools, wherein a connecting rod between the sleeve and the tool holder is connected, and the tool holder is centrally symmetrical relative to the axial lead of the sleeve.

In a further embodiment, the inner wall of the tool holder is symmetrically provided with a deep groove, the inside of the deep groove is rotationally provided with rollers, the distance between the two rollers is smaller than the outer diameter of the tail end of the tool, one side, close to the depth of the deep groove, of the rollers is connected with a support, the support can slide in the deep groove, and the support is connected with the tool holder through a spring plate.

In a further embodiment, the front end and the rear end of the support are both rotationally connected with a first gear, the outer side of the first gear is connected with a second gear in a meshed mode, one side, away from the first gear, of the second gear is connected with a rack in a meshed mode, and a pressing block is installed at one end, close to the inner portion of the tool holder, of the rack.

In a further embodiment, the cutter clamping mechanism comprises a fixing frame and clamping rods symmetrically distributed in the fixing frame, two ends of each clamping rod are symmetrically connected with a winding rod, the winding rods are connected through a traction rope, and the traction rope can be wound on the outer surface of each winding rod.

In a further embodiment, the clamping rod comprises an outer cylinder, a core rod penetrating through the inner part of the outer cylinder and fixed with the winding rod, an anti-slip sleeve sleeved on the outer surface of the outer cylinder, and a plurality of springs II connected between the outer cylinder and the core rod.

In a further embodiment, the inner wall symmetry of mount installs the slide rail, and the spring one is all installed at the both ends of slide rail, the pole of rolling up is connected through the bolt with the core bar, and the pole of rolling up is kept away from the one end of core bar and is installed the bearing to spacing slider is installed in the outside of bearing, and this spacing slider can slide in the slide rail inside.

In a further embodiment, the fixing frame is connected with the cutterhead through a mounting plate, and adjusting structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the outer portion of the fixing frame.

In a further embodiment, the adjusting structure comprises a screw rod penetrating through the fixing frame, a nut is sleeved on the outer side of one end of the screw rod extending out of the fixing frame, a winding rod is arranged at one end of the screw rod extending into the fixing frame, and the winding rod is fixed with the middle of the traction rope.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. when the spindle is required to change a tool, the spindle moves to the nearest position close to the tool magazine through the moving structure in the machine tool body, at the moment, the distance between the axis point of the spindle and the axis point of the sleeve is equal to the distance between the center point of one tool clamping mechanism close to the sleeve and the axis point of the sleeve, and the distance is equal to the distance between the axis point of the sleeve and the center point of the tool holder, so that the tool holders on two sides can simultaneously finish the removal of tools from the spindle and the tool clamping mechanism respectively when the sleeve rotates, and after the tool holders are converted by an angle, the tools can be simultaneously fixed on the spindle and the tool clamping mechanism respectively, and further the tool exchange between the spindle and the tool clamping mechanism is rapidly realized.

2. The cutter clamping mechanisms are distributed on the outer side of the circular cutter disc, different cutters are clamped, the cutter disc can rotate, so that the cutter clamping mechanisms close to the cutter changing mechanism can be replaced conveniently, the positions of the different cutters can be changed conveniently, the different cutters can be replaced to the spindle conveniently, and the cutter disc is convenient to rotate.

3. The cutter holder disclosed by the invention can be clamped into the cutter holder under the action of the extrusion roller and the elastic sheet after contacting the cutter, and the cutter can be limited after the roller and the elastic sheet are reset, so that the cutter is automatically clamped, the problem that the cutter is thrown off when the cutter is switched along with the cutter changing mechanism is effectively prevented, meanwhile, when the roller is extruded and rotated, the pressing block is driven to move towards the middle of the cutter holder by utilizing the transmission of the gear I, the gear II and the rack, the cutter can be tightly pressed, and the problem that the cutter slides relative to the cutter holder in the drawing process is further prevented;

4. when the cutter clamping mechanism is used for inserting a cutter, the two clamping bars can rotate oppositely, the distance is reduced, and the cutter is locked, so that the cutter can be fixed more stably in the cutter clamping mechanism, the problem that the cutter is thrown out due to slipping when the cutter head rotates is effectively prevented, and when the cutter is pulled out, the two clamping bars can rotate oppositely, the distance is enlarged, the cutter is further released, the cutter is conveniently pulled out more smoothly, and the cutter is more convenient to use.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side view cross-section of a machine tool body and a tool magazine according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tool changing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toolholder in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 at a partially enlarged scale;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tool holding mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional structure of the tool holding mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a clip according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a machine tool body; 2. a processing table; 3. a main shaft; 4. a tool magazine; 5. a tool changing mechanism; 51. a sleeve; 52. an electric push rod; 53. a connecting rod; 54. a tool holder; 541. a deep groove; 542. a roller; 543. a bracket; 544. a spring plate; 545. a first gear; 546. a second gear; 547. a rack; 548. briquetting; 55. a driving motor; 6. a cutterhead; 7. a tool clamping mechanism; 71. a fixing frame; 711. a slide rail; 712. a first spring; 72. clamping a rod; 721. an outer cylinder; 722. a core bar; 723. an anti-skid sleeve; 724. a second spring; 73. a winding rod; 731. a bearing; 732. a limit sliding block; 733. a bolt; 74. a traction rope; 75. a mounting plate; 76. an adjustment structure; 761. a screw; 762. a nut; 763. and winding the rod.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, an intelligent machining center includes a machine tool body 1, a movable machining table 2 installed at the bottom of the machine tool body 1, a movable spindle 3 installed at the side wall of the machine tool body 1, and a tool magazine 4 disposed at the rear side of the machine tool body 1 and used for storing and replacing tools, wherein the machining table 2 and the spindle 3 are both in the prior art, how the machining table 2 and the spindle 3 move and how the spindle 3 tightly clamps tools, a rotatable tool changing mechanism 5 and a tool disk 6 are installed on the same axis inside the tool magazine 4, and a plurality of tool clamping mechanisms 7 are fixed at the outer edge of the tool disk 6 and used for clamping tools with different functions.

Referring to fig. 3, the tool changing mechanism 5 includes a sleeve 51, an electric push rod 52 for driving the sleeve 51 to stretch out and draw back, a tool holder 54 for disassembling the tool, and a driving motor 55 for driving the sleeve 51 to rotate and change the tool, wherein a connecting rod 53 between the sleeve 51 and the tool holder 54 is connected, the tool holder 54 is centrosymmetrically about an axis of the sleeve 51, the driving motor 55 is fixed to an inner wall of the tool magazine 4, the driving motor 55 can drive the sleeve 51 to rotate, and then drives two tool holders 54 to rotate through the connecting rod 53, when one of the tool holders 54 is clamped outside the tool on the spindle 3, the other tool holder 54 just clamps the outside of the tool on the tool clamping mechanism 7, at this time, under the extending action of the electric push rod 52, the tool holders 54 on both sides can simultaneously withdraw the tool on the spindle 3 and the tool clamping mechanism 7, then rotate under the action of the driving motor 55 to change positions of the two tools, and the electric push rod 52 retracts, so that the tool can be reinstalled in the spindle 3 and the tool clamping mechanism 7, thereby realizing rapid replacement of the tool.

Referring to fig. 4, considering that the stability of the tool holder 54 is poor when gripping a tool, the tool is easy to separate from the inlet of the tool holder 54, the inner wall of the tool holder 54 is symmetrically provided with a deep groove 541, the inside of the deep groove 541 is rotatably provided with rollers 542, and the distance between the two rollers 542 is smaller than the outer diameter of the tail end of the tool, so that the tool can be clamped into the tool holder 54, in order to facilitate the clamping of the tool holder 54, one side of the roller 542 close to the deep groove 541 is connected with a bracket 543, the bracket 543 can slide inside the deep groove 541, and the bracket 543 is connected with the tool holder 54 through a spring 544, so that the tool can squeeze the roller 542 when contacting the roller 542, and then compress the spring 544 to shorten, the distance of the roller 542 is gradually increased, so that the tool is convenient to clamp, and after the tool is clamped, the roller 542 can be reset under the action of the spring 544, and then clamped outside the tool, so that the problem of the tool separation is effectively prevented, and simultaneously the roller 542 can rotate relative to the bracket 543, and further utilize the rolling action to replace the sliding action, so that the friction of the clamping is reduced, and the effect of clamping is achieved when the tool 54 rotates to the tool position.

Referring to fig. 5, in order to further improve the stability of the tool holder 54 for grabbing the tool, the first gear 545 is rotatably connected to the front end and the rear end of the bracket 543, the first gear 545 is coaxially fixed to the roller 542, the opposite bracket 543 can rotate, the second gear 546 is connected to the outer side of the first gear 545, and the second gear 546 is connected to the rack 547 in a meshed manner, one end of the rack 547, which is close to the inside of the tool holder 54, is provided with the pressing block 548, the rack 547 and the pressing block 548 can stretch out and draw back in the tool holder 54, when the tool is clamped into the tool holder 54, the roller 542 is pushed to rotate towards the inside of the tool holder 54, the first gear 545 is driven to rotate simultaneously, the first gear 545 is meshed with the second gear 546, so that the second gear 546 can drive the rack 547 to move towards the inside of the tool holder 54, so as to drive the pressing block 548 to compress the tool, thereby improving the clamping stability, and effectively preventing the problem that the tool slides towards the tool holder 54 when the tool is pulled out, otherwise, when the tool is required to be pulled out of the tool holder 54, the roller 542 can drive the racks 547 and the pressing block 548 to retract.

Referring to fig. 6-7, considering that the cutter clamping mechanism 7 is distributed at the outer edge of the cutter disc 6, when the cutter disc 6 rotates, the cutter may be thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, so that the stability of the cutter clamping mechanism 7 to the cutter needs to be improved, the cutter clamping mechanism 7 comprises a fixing frame 71 and clamping bars 72 symmetrically distributed inside the fixing frame 71, two ends of the clamping bars 72 are symmetrically connected with a winding rod 73, the winding rods 73 are connected through a traction rope 74, the traction rope 74 can be wound on the outer surface of the winding rod 73, so that when the cutter clamping mechanism 7 inserts the cutter, the two clamping bars 72 can rotate in opposite directions, the traction rope 74 is driven to wind on the winding rod 73, the distance between the two clamping bars 72 is pulled closer, and the cutter is locked, so that the cutter can be fixed more stably inside the cutter clamping mechanism 7, and when the cutter is pulled out, the two clamping bars 72 can rotate in opposite directions, the traction rope 74 is scattered from the winding rod 73, the distance between the two clamping bars 72 is enlarged, and the cutter is released, so that the cutter is pulled out more smoothly, and the use is facilitated.

Referring to fig. 8, in order to further improve the stability of the clamping rod 72 for clamping the tool, the clamping rod 72 includes an outer cylinder 721, a core rod 722 penetrating the inner part of the outer cylinder 721 and fixed to the winding rod 73, an anti-slip sleeve 723 sleeved on the outer surface of the outer cylinder 721, and a plurality of second springs 724 connected between the outer cylinder 721 and the core rod 722, wherein the anti-slip sleeve 723 can effectively prevent the tool from slipping between the tool and the clamping rod 72, so that the clamping rod 72 can be driven to rotate by friction force when the tool is inserted, and the outer cylinder 721 at one side close to the tool compresses the second springs 724, so that the outer cylinder 721 clamps the tool by the elastic reaction force of the second springs 724.

Referring to fig. 7-8, for further usage effect of the clamping bar 72, the inner wall of the fixing frame 71 is symmetrically provided with a sliding rail 711, two ends of the sliding rail 711 are respectively provided with a first spring 712, the winding rod 73 and the core bar 722 are connected through a bolt 733, disassembly and assembly are convenient, one end of the winding rod 73 far away from the core bar 722 is provided with a bearing 731, the outer side of the bearing 731 is provided with a limit slider 732, the winding rod 73 can rotate in the bearing 731 and keep the limit slider 732 motionless, the limit slider 732 can slide in the sliding rail 711, further the position of the clamping bar 72 is limited, the limit slider 732 is fixed with the first spring 712, the elastic effect of the first spring 712 is convenient to be utilized for pulling the clamping bar 72, and the pulling rope 74 can be tightened, so that the clamping bar 72 can be retracted and released better.

Referring to fig. 6-7, considering the actual use situation, the number of tools required by different machining centers is different, so that different numbers of tool clamping mechanisms 7 can be fixed on the cutterhead 6, the fixing frame 71 is connected with the cutterhead 6 through the mounting plate 75, and the mounting plate 75 is fixed with the cutterhead 6 through screws, so that the disassembly and assembly are convenient.

Referring to fig. 7, considering that the pulling rope 74 is easy to loosen after long time use in the actual use process, the two sides of the outer portion of the fixing frame 71 are symmetrically provided with adjusting structures 76 for adjusting the tension of the pulling rope 74, the adjusting structures 76 comprise screws 761 penetrating through the fixing frame 71, nuts 762 are sleeved on the outer side of one end of the screws 761 extending out of the fixing frame 71, winding rods 763 are installed at one end of the screws 761 extending into the fixing frame 71, the winding rods 763 are fixed with the middle of the pulling rope 74, the winding rods 763 can be driven to wind the pulling rope 74 by rotating the screws 761, the loosened pulling rope 74 can be further tensioned again, and meanwhile, the initial spacing between the two clamping rods 72 can be adjusted by the adjusting structures 76 so as to be suitable for cutters with different sizes.

Working principle: the method comprises the steps that a workpiece to be machined is placed on a machining table 2, a cutter is mounted on a spindle 3, a machine tool body 1 works, the cutter on the spindle 3 is used for machining the workpiece to be machined, when a cutter is required to be replaced, a moving structure in the machine tool body 1 is moved to the nearest position close to a cutter magazine 4, a cutter changing mechanism 5 is started, the cutter changing mechanism 5 rotates anticlockwise by 90 degrees, two cutter holders 54 clamp the cutters on the spindle 3 and a cutter clamping mechanism 7 respectively, the cutters are automatically clamped into the cutter holders 54 and are locked, then an electric push rod 52 is started, the electric push rod 52 drives the cutter holders 54 to draw out the cutters, the cutter changing mechanism 5 rotates anticlockwise by 180 degrees again, the positions of the two cutters are exchanged, then the electric push rod 52 retracts, the cutters are driven to be inserted into the spindle 3 and the cutter clamping mechanism 7 respectively, and the cutter changing mechanism 5 rotates clockwise by 90 degrees again, and cutter changing is completed.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Intelligent machining center, including lathe body (1), processing platform (2), main shaft (3) and tool magazine (4), its characterized in that: a rotatable tool changing mechanism (5) and a cutter disc (6) are arranged on the same axis in the tool magazine (4), a plurality of tool clamping mechanisms (7) are fixed at the outer edge of the cutter disc (6), and the distance between one tool clamping mechanism (7) closest to the tool changing mechanism (5) and the tool changing mechanism (5) is equal to the distance between the spindle (3);

the tool changing mechanism (5) comprises a sleeve (51), an electric push rod (52) for driving the sleeve (51) to stretch out and draw back, a tool holder (54) for disassembling and assembling a tool and a driving motor (55) for driving the sleeve (51) to rotate and change a tool, wherein a connecting rod (53) between the sleeve (51) and the tool holder (54) is connected, and the tool holder (54) is centrally symmetrical relative to the axial lead of the sleeve (51);

the cutter clamping mechanism (7) comprises a fixing frame (71) and clamping rods (72) symmetrically distributed in the fixing frame (71), two ends of each clamping rod (72) are symmetrically connected with a winding rod (73), the winding rods (73) are connected through a traction rope (74), and the traction rope (74) can be wound on the outer surface of each winding rod (73); the clamping rod (72) comprises an outer cylinder (721), a core rod (722) penetrating through the inner part of the outer cylinder (721) and fixed with the winding rod (73), an anti-slip sleeve (723) sleeved on the outer surface of the outer cylinder (721), and a plurality of second springs (724) connected between the outer cylinder (721) and the core rod (722); the inner wall of the fixing frame (71) is symmetrically provided with a sliding rail (711), two ends of the sliding rail (711) are respectively provided with a first spring (712), the winding rod (73) is connected with the core rod (722) through a bolt (733), one end of the winding rod (73) far away from the core rod (722) is provided with a bearing (731), the outer side of the bearing (731) is provided with a limit sliding block (732), and the limit sliding block (732) can slide in the sliding rail (711); the fixing frame (71) is connected with the cutterhead (6) through a mounting plate (75), and adjusting structures (76) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the outer part of the fixing frame (71); the adjusting structure (76) comprises a screw rod (761) penetrating through the fixing frame (71), a nut (762) is sleeved on the outer side of one end, extending out of the fixing frame (71), of the screw rod (761), a winding rod (763) is arranged at one end, extending into the fixing frame (71), of the screw rod (761), and the winding rod (763) is fixed with the middle of the traction rope (74).

2. The intelligent machining center according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall symmetry of cutter holder (54) has seted up deep groove (541), and the inside rotation of deep groove (541) installs roller (542) to the distance between two roller (542) is less than the outside diameter of cutter tail end, one side that roller (542) are close to deep groove (541) depths is connected with support (543), and this support (543) can slide in deep groove (541) inside, and is connected through shell fragment (544) between support (543) and cutter holder (54).

3. The intelligent machining center according to claim 2, wherein: the front end and the rear end of the bracket (543) are both rotationally connected with a first gear (545), the outer side of the first gear (545) is connected with a second gear (546) in a meshed mode, one side, far away from the first gear (545), of the second gear (546) is connected with a rack (547) in a meshed mode, and one end, close to the inner portion of the tool holder (54), of the rack (547) is provided with a pressing block (548).