CN103718812A - Wheat high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheat cultivation method, in particular to a wheat high-yield cultivation method. The wheat high-yield cultivation method comprises the steps of deep ploughing, base fertilizer application, seed dressing and field management. Wheat cultivated through the wheat high-yield cultivation method is kept unchanged in quality. Compared with a conventional cultivation management method, the yield of the wheat cultivated through the wheat high-yield cultivation method can be improved by 7%-19.1%, and yield per mu is increased by more than 50 kilograms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheat cultivating method, particularly a kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method.
Background technology
The wheat cultivation of prior art generally comprises following methods:
1, select breeding
Select best in quality, individual plant productivity is high, strong stress resistance, economic coefficient are high, the breeding of not early ageing, is conducive to realize very heavy above yield target.
2, meticulous whole ground, balance fertilizing
2.1 meticulous whole ground
For improving soil structure, strengthen soil water storage soil moisture conservation, carry out intensive cultivation carefully whole before broadcasting, 23～25cm turns over, carry out also field of tangerine stalk, not only strengthen soil fertility, and can break tillage pan, reach dark, thin, thoroughly, the standard of flat, reality, foot (water), be that dark (nonirrigated farmland 20～25cm is wanted in plow layer, rice stubble ground 15～20cm), after ploughing rake thin (broken), rake thoroughly, leveling, having peace of mind, reach Panasonic real, retain and conserve soil moisture.
2.2 do furrow trench digging
Ridge is built at base, sets up the facility that wheatland is filled with, draining matches, and digs " three ditches " (dead furrow, Yao Gou, head drain), and after the beginning of spring, dredging " three ditches " in time, communicates irrigation canals and ditches, to meet the requirement of filling, draining.
2.3 balance fertilizing
According to Variation of Integrated Soil Fertility situation, formulate fertilising scheme, take fertilizer as main, fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, in conjunction with using, improve the content of organic matter in soil, thereby reach the object of balance fertilizing.When ploughing, to use sufficient base manure, organic fertilizer 30～45t/ hectare, pure N225.0kg/ hectare, P
2o
590.0～112.5kg/ hectare, K2075.0～112.5kg/ hectare, the loss of chemical fertilizer loss causing for reducing winter snows spring rain, avoid the wheat middle and later periods to take off fertile early ageing, to after the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of 50% left and right, move on to jointing to dividing and impose for 2 times between booting stage, thereby lysine in wheat seed, protein content are improved.
3, optimum period, is sowed in right amount
3.1 seed treatment
Before sowing, to carry out dressing seed or directly select capsuled seed.
3.2 proper seeding
For cultivating strong sprout, form well developed root system, the more Wheat Production colony of stem tiller number, make full use of heat resources, proper seeding, thereby lay the foundation for improving yield of wheat.General wheat is conducive to emerge most when field capacity is 70%～80%.Therefore, when date of seeding, soil moisture content clash, must accomplish suitable moisture in the soil sowing, can late sowing 3～5d, thus make wheat full stand.Generally day samming, before the winter, >=0 ℃ accumulated temperature is respectively 16～17, in the time of 650 ℃ sowing best, at during Wintering Period, can form for 61 heart strong sprouts of leaf.
3.3 seeding quantity
According to Wheat Varieties, sowing time, determine the seeding quantity of wheat, general semiwinterness, weak winter variety are respectively at October early and middle ten days, sowing by the end of September, seeding quantity 90～105kg/ hectare; Weak spring habit, spring varieties respectively in mid or late October, that late October to early November is sowed is more suitable, the amount of broadcasting 120～150kg/ hectare, along with date of seeding, postpones and suitably increases the amount of broadcasting.High yield field more than 7500kg/ hectare, Basic Seedling can be controlled in 1,800,000～2,250,000 strain/hectares, and at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September, sowing can drop to 1,500,000～1,800,000 strain/hectares.For tillering into the large-spike cultivar that fringe is low, suitable Basic Seedling 1,950,000～2,700,000 strain/hectare.[2]
4, science field management
4.1 apply fertilizers scientifically and weeding
For preventing the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling, guarantee wheat safe overwintering, pour water in time, make wheat form strong root.For making control of weeds effect better, can carry out chemical weed control in mid-January to late Febuary.Mid-February, mid or late March imposed respectively chemical fertilizer 75～120,120～150kg/ hectare to by the end of February, promoted the wheat jointing of turning green, and improved the tillering capacity of wheat.At the beginning of 3 months, to water the water of turning green, middle fertility, colony is on the low side Yu fertility is high, colony is suitable or bigger than normal wheatland respectively the shooting stage slightly before or jointing initial stage, jointing later stage topdress and water.[2]
4.2 chemical regulation lodging-preventions
Wheat lodging is divided into 2 kinds of root lodging and stem lodging, and general main is that stem lodges, be mainly due to early stage amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer larger, cause wheat population excessive, field closing, ventilation and penetrating light is bad, the prosperous length of wheat excessive growth, basal internode is long, and the later stage occurs that strong wind weather wheat easily lodges.Therefore,, in Wheat Production, should apply fertilizers scientifically and water according to the fertility state of soil.
4.3 heading and grouting maturing stage
Wheat heading flowering period (in 4 months, the last ten-days period), is control wheat aphid, midge worm, mythimna separata, rust, powdery mildew and red viral disease etc., extends wheat growth stage, improves output, can spray insecticide, uses continuously 1～2 time., pour water 1～2 time meanwhile, pour water for the 1st time and carry out at first fringe blooming stage, to protect flower, increase the short grouting of grain, reach the object that grain is large, grain is heavy, prevent root system early ageing; Filling with wheat yellow water the 2nd time, to keep the skin wet, and is that the 2nd batch of crop of replay cooked early-stage preparations.
5, gather in the crops in good time
Generally June early and middle ten days wheat be mature on the whole, the harvesting during jaundice of the wheat head of whole wheatland 2/3, wheat wax ripeness latter stage is best harvest time.But wheat can not be too ripe, in order to avoid seed comes off and reduces harvest.Wheat will point kind carry out single receipts, single solarization, single storage, in order to avoid variet complexity, commodity and the economic worth of reduction wheat.
Adopt said method to carry out wheat cultivation, its weak point is, output is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem of prior art, the invention provides a kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method, it has not only guaranteed the quality of wheat, and has increased substantially the output of wheat.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method, comprises the method for deep ploughing, basal dressing, seed dressing, field management,
The method of described deep ploughing is specifically: machinery deep ploughing, and deep ploughing increases tilling depth, and the degree of depth is at 20～40cm;
The method of described basal dressing is specifically: every mu is used ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, 50 kilograms of consumptions;
The method of described seed dressing is specifically: every mu is used 30 milliliters of 10% Imidacloprid microcapsule suspending agents, 25 milliliters of 3% difenoconazole suspending seed-dressing agents, 30 milliliters of seed dressings of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent of 200,000,000/strain;
The method of described field management specifically comprise survive the winter before management method and survive the winter after management method, wherein, before described surviving the winter management method be: before the winter when temperature reaches 4 ℃ of left and right, water the water of surviving the winter, after Wheat Sowing 15～20 days, according to weeds in field, a situation arises, selects suitable medicament to carry out weeding;
After described surviving the winter, the method for management specifically comprises management method, the management method in booting stage and the intermediary and later stages management method of stand up-shooting stage;
Wherein, described in, the management method of stand up-shooting stage specifically: at the initial stage of turning green, control fertilizer, control water, by drawing hoe, heat promotion wheat seedling growth, when sharp to boot leaf dew after the shooting stage, in conjunction with watering, every mu is used formula is the full nutrition fertilizer 35g of 17-17-16+TE;
The management method in described booting stage is specifically: every mu is used formula is the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g+25 of the full nutrition fertilizer 35g+ sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g+ grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+80% Tebuconazole 8g of 17-17-16+TE, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest and increase foliar nutrition supplementing, regulate wheat growing way;
Described intermediary and later stages management method is specifically:
Every mu is used formula to carry out integrated control for full nutrition fertilizer 70g, sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g, the 80% Tebuconazole 8g of 17-17-16+TE.
The NPK formula of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer is 15-25-5.
The management method of stand up-shooting stage also comprises, as cold in the late spring, wheat occurs that growing way weakens, blade withered, during jaundice symptom, the full nutrition fertilizer 40g that the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 60ml+ formula that sprays in time 200,000,000/strain is 20-20-20+TE.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided by the invention is brought is:
By the wheat of a kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method cultivation of the present invention, its not only quality remain unchanged, and comparable conventional cultivation management method improves wheat yield 7%～19.1%, every mu of volume increase is more than 100 jin.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Embodiment mono-
The High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method of the present embodiment comprises following:
One, broadcast front preparation and sowing
(1) machinery deep ploughing (meticulous whole ground, deep ploughing is rake carefully).
Deep ploughing increases tilling depth as far as possible, and 20～30cm is advisable, and this measure is conducive to wheat root and grows; The person of having ready conditions ploughs deeply 40cm, breaks soil tillage pan, increases soil layer gas permeability and permeability; Harrow even rake saturating, upper Panasonic is real; Smash clod, hold vola moisture in the soil, even to reach the neat seedling of seedling.
(2) use sufficient base (end) fertilizer.
Every mu is used fertilizer specially for wheat ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer NPK formula 15-25-5,50 kilograms of consumptions.
3, dressing seed.
Selected high yield disease-resistant variety, use every mu to use 30 milliliters of 10% Imidacloprid microcapsule suspending agents, 25 milliliters of 3% difenoconazole suspending seed-dressing agents, 30 milliliters of seed dressings of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent of 200000000/strain, promote germination rate, seedling is neat, seedling is strong, root system is prosperous, and effectively prepay the various damage by disease and insect of Wheat Seedling, reduce labor.
4, improve seeding quality.
Generally in early October, sowing is advisable, rational close planting during sowing, and with line-spacing 20～25cm, sowing depth 3～5cm is advisable, and the depth is consistent, can make to emerge rapidly, and Miao Qimiao is strong.If sowing time, soil moisture content was larger, wheat is answered upper seeding.
Two, survive the winter before management
Before winter, when temperature reaches 4 ℃ of left and right, watered the water of surviving the winter on a small quantity, to reach water spring in winter use, stabilize ground temperature, prevent freeze injury and damage by disease and insect, to winter wheat, pass the winter safely.
After Wheat Sowing 15～20 days, according to weeds in field, a situation arises, selects suitable medicament to carry out weeding.
Three, survive the winter after management
(1) management of stand up-shooting stage
At the initial stage of turning green, control fertile, control water, by drawing hoe, heat promotion wheat seedling growth, make wheat seeding stalwartness, minimizing ineffective tillering, guarantees that fringe foot does not fall.After shooting stage, to boot leaf, revealing when point uses full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 35g strong sprout, carries seedling, for later stage output lays the foundation in conjunction with watering every mu.
As cold in the late spring, when the symptoms such as growing way weakens, blade withered, jaundice appear in wheat, spray in time the full nutrition fertilizer 20-20-20+TE formula of 200,000,000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 60ml+ 40g this period, wheat recovers growth soon, growing way is prosperous, and robust plant guarantees that output is unaffected.
(2) management in booting stage
Damage by disease and insect easily occurs this period, and every mu can be used the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g+25 of full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 35g+ sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g+ grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+80% Tebuconazole 8g to carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest and increase foliar nutrition supplementing, regulate wheat growing way.
(3) intermediary and later stages management
Every mu is used full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 70g, sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g, 80% Tebuconazole 8g to carry out integrated control.Mainly solve wheat later stage nutrient supply balanced sufficient, reduce the impact of disease on output, improve output.
According to this programme management wheat, its not only quality remain unchanged, and comparable conventional cultivation management method improves wheat yield 7%～19.1%, every mu of volume increase is more than 100 jin.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method, comprises and it is characterized in that the method for deep ploughing, basal dressing, seed dressing, field management,
The method of described deep ploughing is specifically: machinery deep ploughing, and deep ploughing increases tilling depth, and the degree of depth is at 20～40cm;
The method of described basal dressing is specifically: every mu is used ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, 50 kilograms of consumptions;
The method of described seed dressing is specifically: every mu is used 30 milliliters of 10% Imidacloprid microcapsule suspending agents, 25 milliliters of 3% difenoconazole suspending seed-dressing agents, 30 milliliters of seed dressings of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent of 200,000,000/strain;
The method of described field management specifically comprise survive the winter before management method and survive the winter after management method, wherein, before described surviving the winter management method be: before the winter when temperature reaches 4 ℃ of left and right, water the water of surviving the winter, after Wheat Sowing 15～20 days, according to weeds in field, a situation arises, selects suitable medicament to carry out weeding;
After described surviving the winter, the method for management specifically comprises management method, the management method in booting stage and the intermediary and later stages management method of stand up-shooting stage;
Wherein, described in, the management method of stand up-shooting stage specifically: at the initial stage of turning green, control fertilizer, control water, by drawing hoe, heat promotion wheat seedling growth, when sharp to boot leaf dew after the shooting stage, in conjunction with watering, every mu is used formula is the full nutrition fertilizer 35g of 17-17-16+TE;
The management method in described booting stage is specifically: every mu is used formula is the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g+25 of the full nutrition fertilizer 35g+ sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g+ grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+80% Tebuconazole 8g of 17-17-16+TE, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest and increase foliar nutrition supplementing, regulate wheat growing way;
Described intermediary and later stages management method is specifically:
Every mu is used formula to carry out integrated control for full nutrition fertilizer 70g, sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g, the 80% Tebuconazole 8g of 17-17-16+TE.
2. a kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the NPK formula of described ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer is 15-25-5.
3. a kind of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the management method of described stand up-shooting stage also comprises, as cold in the late spring, the growing way that occurs wheat weakens, blade is withered, during jaundice symptom, the full nutrition fertilizer 40g that the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 60ml+ formula that sprays in time 200,000,000/strain is 20-20-20+TE.
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| CN103918455A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 张家港市凤凰镇杏市土地股份专业合作社 | Green and high-yield planting method for wheat |
| CN104115662A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Method for cultivating dryland wheat simply at high yield and high efficiency |
| CN104170638A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-03 | 烟台市农业技术推广中心 | Method for increasing wheat grain weight |
| CN104255253A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Straw complete returning and wheat seeding method |
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| CN110036842A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-07-23 | 宋元瑞 | A kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding |
| CN113068582A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-06 | 胡慧 | Planting method for improving content of beta-glucan in wheat |
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| CN109006275A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-18 | 临沂市农业技术推广服务中心 | A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield |
| CN109618835A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-16 | 河南农业大学 | Based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect |
| CN110036842A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-07-23 | 宋元瑞 | A kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding |
| CN113068582A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-06 | 胡慧 | Planting method for improving content of beta-glucan in wheat |
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