CN103329802A - Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries - Google Patents
Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free high-yield planting method for for strawberries, which comprises specific steps of: tissue culture, rapid propagation, primary domestication, nursery selection, transplanting, field planting, field management, and plant disease and insect pest control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuisanceless strawberry high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Strawberry belongs to rose family Fragaria, is perennial perennial root herbaceous plant, and its fruit colour is gorgeous, soft and succulency, moderately sour and sweet.Contain sugar 6%~12% in the berry, organic acid 1.0%~1.5%, protein 0.4%~0.8% contains vitamin C 50~120 mg in per 100 g fruits, and is higher more than 10 times than apple and grape, and contain mineral matters such as abundant phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc.At present, China strawberry is compared with strawberry production advanced countries such as the U.S., Japan, Italy, average per unit area yield and quality are relatively low, and because pursuing the big high yield of fruit in the plantation family more, and China's soil organic matter content generally lower, the excessive nitrogen of executing cause in the soil nitrate content to raise, cause the most of inferior quality of commercially available strawberry; Some strawberry residue of pesticide exceed standard and cause sanitary index defective.In addition, because dry farming year after year causes disease incidence of soil-borne disease higher, reduced quality and the taste flavor of China strawberry.Rational application of fertilizers not only can improve the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables, but also can improve its resistance, reduces pesticide dosage and residual.Cake fertilizer, natural pond fertilizer and hog manure are traditional fertilizers, can improve soil physical property and improve quality of agricultural product, use the needs that fertilizer efficiency often is difficult to adapt to different plant nutritions and reproductive growth separately, combined administration is more conducive to the performance of the formation of soil beneficial microbe and fertilizer efficiency.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
1) tissue is cultivated with numerous soon: before May after October, choose that growing way stalwartness, result are many, fruit shape just, have a stolon that first leaf primordium of production plant of kind typical case proterties just launched, pinch and get front end 3~4 cm, be placed on Lou and rinse well with nature water in the basket; The stem apex that flushing is good is with 75% alcohol, the 2 ~ 5min that carries out disinfection, pour out alcohol after,, mercuric chloride is poured out usefulness aseptic water washing 2 ~ 3 times with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution immersion, 5 ~ 20min; Detoxic seedling is induced and foster, the subculture tissue cultivation of breeding, just be commissioned to train through bud, forms the clump bud, and the big bud seedling of formation was cut the back and moved in the root media during the selection subculture was cultivated, and sealed with paper and polypropylene screen; The minimal medium of root media is the MS medium, constant temperature culture 20d in root media;
2) the preliminary exercise: at first the tying rope on the blake bottle or rubber band are unclamped, only remove outer field polypropylene screen, the blank sheet of paper that keeps internal layer, the bottleneck binder is not all removed, allow group train the preliminary ingress of air of seedling, can induce plant to grow cuticula, remove the bottleneck binder behind 2 ~ 3 d, allow group train the abundant ingress of air of seedling, behind 2 ~ 3 d, organize training seedling bottle outlet acclimatization and transplants;
3) nursery is selected: select loosing soil, organic abundant, fertile soil, Seedlings nursery is made in the plot that the irrigation and drainage ability is strong, should use sufficient base manure before the field planting, execute rotten fertile fertilizer 3 000~4 000 kg, urea 15 kg for every mu, plough rake fine earth earth and be made into wide 1 m, high 10~15 cm, the high furrow of furrow width 25~30 cm.
4) transplant: heart is trained seedling with bamboo wood tweezers clamping group, seedling is shifted out from bottle, slowly wash down the medium of plant root with flowing water, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant, soak root system 2h with 5 * 10-6 methyls before the field planting, wipe out the old root of part black, impose nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg;
5) field planting: April early and middle ten days, daily mean temperature is the back field planting about 10 ℃, the field planting degree of depth should still be higher than the face of land and is advisable being held in the heavy real back seedling heart that waters, i.e. " on do not bury the heart, down crab rooting not ", it is dark to plant, bury the seedling heart, be difficult for sending out seedling, and easily cause rotten; It is shallow to plant, and then new stem exposes, and causes that easily seedling is withered, is difficult for surviving, and when planting, root system is unfolded, and group is not beneficial to root growth and grows together, and the open country back Ying Qin soil moisture conservation of watering of planting can reduce the number of times that waters after delaying seedling;
6) field management: spray 10~20 mg/kg gibberellin when plant grows 1~2 spire, every strain spraying liquid 5 mL, 1 week of interval, can spray as one sees fit 2~3 times by the growing way power, promotion is grown, and puts honeybee and promotes pollination, all can carry out at the whole florescence, stocking rate is advisable with 30/hm2 beehive, and the interior day temperature of canopy remains on 20~25 ℃ during the pollination.When bud is separated to the I and II order the flowers are in blossom and puts, measure according to the fruit that stays that limits, remove the bud that the later stage do not open, after strawberry pad fruit is gathered with the plastic mulching berry, cut off Lao Ye, only stay the lobus cardiacus that has just grown, note not injuring growing point, the blade of cutting off is concentrated burnt or buried the stolon of real puberty generation, should in time extract, can spray the generation that paclobutrazol, maleic hydrazide or chlormequat etc. suppress stolon;
7) pest management: powdery mildew of strawberry prophylactic: hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, 25% makes hectogram 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid sprayings of dragon gram bacterium, 7 ~ 10d spray 1 time, the cultivation prevention phase is before and after December and before and after in May, the 2nd, their early stage prevention and control 1 000 times of liquid of Wuyiencin, 3000 times of liquid of emerald green shellfish, 50% makes hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, triumphant damp 2 000 times of liquid are used with becoming 500 times of liquid of mark, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, as it is fine to run into half the moon half, high humidity, the weather of no convection current wind, can be in time to foliar spray Wang Yi rhzomorph, or according to day green 800 times of liquid+soil smart 1 to water 15kg, or 0.36% entirely in 600 times of liquid+300 times of liquid of 1 000 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of nitrile bacterium azoles; Grey mould fruit rot of strawberry: to put prevention first, the medication best period is that strawberry the 1st inflorescence is bloomed more than 20% and the 2nd inflorescence when just having bloomed, with triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid, or 1 000 times of liquid of vinclozolin, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, prevent and treat alternatively administered continuously 2 times, when disease is heavier, can select triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid to add hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, or triumphant damp 1200 times of liquid, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, now mix and now use better effects if, behind the sagging stem of existing fruit, in time use bright straw pad fruit, in case infect, notice that hydrofuge heats, meet cloudy complete stool in time and spray 600 times of liquid of the biological medicine Te Like of active bacterium+red 300 times of liquid, under a situation arises, extract the disease leaf morning, really, use 1 000 times of liquid of Sukeling at dusk, or 300 times of liquid of 600 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of vinclozolin, or rare 1 000 times of liquid mixed atomizings of U.S. 500 times of liquid+gene activators of executing; Strawberry clock post disease: after deciding strain, generally water before the normal root water, water 800 times of liquid of beneficial prestige to the strain root, or mix complete beneficial prestige biological bacteria deeply to the surperficial 5cm of bed soil in advance; Do not using under the active bio bacterium situation, can in normal root water, add first and cover the multiple special 800 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+roots of spirit.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
1) tissue is cultivated with numerous soon: before May after October, choose that growing way stalwartness, result are many, fruit shape just, have a stolon that first leaf primordium of production plant of kind typical case proterties just launched, pinch and get front end 3~4 cm, be placed on Lou and rinse well with nature water in the basket; The stem apex that flushing is good is with 75% alcohol, the 2 ~ 5min that carries out disinfection, pour out alcohol after,, mercuric chloride is poured out usefulness aseptic water washing 2 ~ 3 times with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution immersion, 5 ~ 20min; Detoxic seedling is induced and foster, the subculture tissue cultivation of breeding, just be commissioned to train through bud, forms the clump bud, and the big bud seedling of formation was cut the back and moved in the root media during the selection subculture was cultivated, and sealed with paper and polypropylene screen; The minimal medium of root media is the MS medium, constant temperature culture 20d in root media; The concrete steps of cultivating with foster, the subculture tissue of breeding, just be commissioned to train of inducing of bud are: the inducing and breed of bud: the sterilizable material after will handling is shelled leaf with sharp tweezers, expose growing point, cut 0.2 ~ 0.5 mm with cutter, (it is foster to carry out among the MS+6-BA 0.3 ~ 0.4mg/L) just being commissioned to train to be put into inducing culture, general 25 ℃ of culturing room's temperature, intensity of illumination 2 000 ~ 3 000 lx, illumination every day 12 h, induction time are 40 ~ 60 d; Subculture is cultivated: induced bundle is sprouted to receive carry out the subculture cultivation in the proliferated culture medium (MS+6-BA 0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L+IBA 0.01mg/L), temperature, illumination and other management are commissioned to train foster as before, can divide bottle 1 time by subculture about 30 d, determine to expand numerous number of times according to kind quantity; Culture of rootage: with MS+6-BA 0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L+IBA 0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L medium culture subculture seedling, behind 20 ~ 30 d, the seedlings of will taking root take out cuttage, and seedling continues to cultivate, and the limit is expanded numerous limit and taken root;
2) the preliminary exercise: at first the tying rope on the blake bottle or rubber band are unclamped, only remove outer field polypropylene screen, the blank sheet of paper that keeps internal layer, the bottleneck binder is not all removed, allow group train the preliminary ingress of air of seedling, can induce plant to grow cuticula, remove the bottleneck binder behind 2 ~ 3 d, allow group train the abundant ingress of air of seedling, behind 2 ~ 3 d, organize training seedling bottle outlet acclimatization and transplants;
3) nursery is selected: select loosing soil, organic abundant, fertile soil, Seedlings nursery is made in the plot that the irrigation and drainage ability is strong, should use sufficient base manure before the field planting, execute rotten fertile fertilizer 3 000~4 000 kg, urea 15 kg for every mu, plough rake fine earth earth and be made into wide 1 m, high 10~15 cm, the high furrow of furrow width 25~30 cm.
4) transplant: heart is trained seedling with bamboo wood tweezers clamping group, seedling is shifted out from bottle, slowly wash down the medium of plant root with flowing water, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant, soak root system 2h with 5 * 10-6 methyls before the field planting, wipe out the old root of part black, impose nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg;
5) field planting: April early and middle ten days, daily mean temperature is the back field planting about 10 ℃, the field planting degree of depth should still be higher than the face of land and is advisable being held in the heavy real back seedling heart that waters, i.e. " on do not bury the heart, down crab rooting not ", it is dark to plant, bury the seedling heart, be difficult for sending out seedling, and easily cause rotten; It is shallow to plant, and then new stem exposes, and causes that easily seedling is withered, is difficult for surviving, and when planting, root system is unfolded, and group is not beneficial to root growth and grows together, and the open country back Ying Qin soil moisture conservation of watering of planting can reduce the number of times that waters after delaying seedling;
6) field management: spray 10~20 mg/kg gibberellin when plant grows 1~2 spire, every strain spraying liquid 5 mL, 1 week of interval, can spray as one sees fit 2~3 times by the growing way power, promotion is grown, and puts honeybee and promotes pollination, all can carry out at the whole florescence, stocking rate is advisable with 30/hm2 beehive, and the interior day temperature of canopy remains on 20~25 ℃ during the pollination.When bud is separated to the I and II order the flowers are in blossom and puts, measure according to the fruit that stays that limits, remove the bud that the later stage do not open, after strawberry pad fruit is gathered with the plastic mulching berry, cut off Lao Ye, only stay the lobus cardiacus that has just grown, note not injuring growing point, the blade of cutting off is concentrated burnt or buried the stolon of real puberty generation, should in time extract, can spray the generation that paclobutrazol, maleic hydrazide or chlormequat etc. suppress stolon;
7) pest management: powdery mildew of strawberry prophylactic: hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, 25% makes hectogram 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid sprayings of dragon gram bacterium, 7 ~ 10d spray 1 time, the cultivation prevention phase is before and after December and before and after in May, the 2nd, their early stage prevention and control 1 000 times of liquid of Wuyiencin, 3000 times of liquid of emerald green shellfish, 50% makes hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, triumphant damp 2 000 times of liquid are used with becoming 500 times of liquid of mark, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, as it is fine to run into half the moon half, high humidity, the weather of no convection current wind, can be in time to foliar spray Wang Yi rhzomorph, or according to day green 800 times of liquid+soil smart 1 to water 15kg, or 0.36% entirely in 600 times of liquid+300 times of liquid of 1 000 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of nitrile bacterium azoles; Grey mould fruit rot of strawberry: to put prevention first, the medication best period is that strawberry the 1st inflorescence is bloomed more than 20% and the 2nd inflorescence when just having bloomed, with triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid, or 1 000 times of liquid of vinclozolin, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, prevent and treat alternatively administered continuously 2 times, when disease is heavier, can select triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid to add hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, or triumphant damp 1200 times of liquid, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, now mix and now use better effects if, behind the sagging stem of existing fruit, in time use bright straw pad fruit, in case infect, notice that hydrofuge heats, meet cloudy complete stool in time and spray 600 times of liquid of the biological medicine Te Like of active bacterium+red 300 times of liquid, under a situation arises, extract the disease leaf morning, really, use 1 000 times of liquid of Sukeling at dusk, or 300 times of liquid of 600 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of vinclozolin, or rare 1 000 times of liquid mixed atomizings of U.S. 500 times of liquid+gene activators of executing; Strawberry clock post disease: after deciding strain, generally water before the normal root water, water 800 times of liquid of beneficial prestige to the strain root, or mix complete beneficial prestige biological bacteria deeply to the surperficial 5cm of bed soil in advance; Do not using under the active bio bacterium situation, can in normal root water, add first and cover the multiple special 800 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+roots of spirit.
Gather: reaching 70% when fruit color can gather, and receive 1 time every 1 ~ 2 day; Collecting time to select in the greenhouse anhydrous drip to high temperature and arrive before, or gather at dusk.
Of the present invention through the field comparative trial, all obtain positive effect, mainly show as follows: contain and enrich organic matter and humus, can improve soil structure, vegetable soil promotes soil to build up fertility.Reduce or the reduction crop disease and insect, influence crop quality.Need not or reduce fertilizer amount, be beneficial to the protection environment.Adopt this kind method for planting average yield per mu volume increase 20-23%, the damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 5-10%, and orchard worker's benefit increases 10-15%.
Claims (2)
1.
A kind of nuisanceless strawberry high-yield cultivating method may further comprise the steps:
(1) tissue is cultivated with numerous soon: before May after October, choose that growing way stalwartness, result are many, fruit shape just, have a stolon that first leaf primordium of production plant of kind typical case proterties just launched, pinch and get front end 3~4 cm, be placed on Lou and rinse well with nature water in the basket; The stem apex that flushing is good is with 75% alcohol, the 2 ~ 5min that carries out disinfection, pour out alcohol after,, mercuric chloride is poured out usefulness aseptic water washing 2 ~ 3 times with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution immersion, 5 ~ 20min; Detoxic seedling is induced and foster, the subculture tissue cultivation of breeding, just be commissioned to train through bud, forms the clump bud, and the big bud seedling of formation was cut the back and moved in the root media during the selection subculture was cultivated, and sealed with paper and polypropylene screen; The minimal medium of root media is the MS medium, constant temperature culture 20d in root media;
(2) the preliminary exercise: the tying rope on the blake bottle or rubber band are unclamped, only remove outer field polypropylene screen, the blank sheet of paper that keeps internal layer, the bottleneck binder is not all removed, allow group train the preliminary ingress of air of seedling, can induce plant to grow cuticula, remove the bottleneck binder behind 2 ~ 3 d, allow group train the abundant ingress of air of seedling, behind 2 ~ 3 d, organize training seedling bottle outlet acclimatization and transplants;
(3) nursery is selected: select loosing soil, organic abundant, fertile soil, Seedlings nursery is made in the plot that the irrigation and drainage ability is strong, should use sufficient base manure before the field planting, execute rotten fertile fertilizer 3 000~4 000 kg, urea 15 kg for every mu, plough rake fine earth earth and be made into wide 1 m, high 10~15 cm, the high furrow of furrow width 25~30 cm.2. transplant: heart is trained seedling with bamboo wood tweezers clamping group, seedling is shifted out from bottle, slowly wash down the medium of plant root with flowing water, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant, soak root system 2h with 5 * 10-6 methyls before the field planting, wipe out the old root of part black, impose nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg;
(4) field planting: April early and middle ten days, daily mean temperature is the back field planting about 10 ℃, the field planting degree of depth should still be higher than the face of land and is advisable being held in the heavy real back seedling heart that waters, i.e. " on do not bury the heart, down crab rooting not ", it is dark to plant, bury the seedling heart, be difficult for sending out seedling, and easily cause rotten; It is shallow to plant, and then new stem exposes, and causes that easily seedling is withered, is difficult for surviving, and when planting, root system is unfolded, and group is not beneficial to root growth and grows together, and the open country back Ying Qin soil moisture conservation of watering of planting can reduce the number of times that waters after delaying seedling; Field management: spray 10~20 mg/kg gibberellin when plant grows 1~2 spire, every strain spraying liquid 5 mL, 1 week of interval, can spray as one sees fit 2~3 times by the growing way power, promotion is grown, and puts honeybee and promotes pollination, all can carry out at the whole florescence, stocking rate is advisable with 30/hm2 beehive, and the interior day temperature of canopy remains on 20~25 ℃ during the pollination.3. when bud is separated to the I and II order the flowers are in blossom and puts, measure according to the fruit that stays that limits, remove the bud that the later stage do not open, after strawberry pad fruit is gathered with the plastic mulching berry, cut off Lao Ye, only stay the lobus cardiacus that has just grown, note not injuring growing point, the blade of cutting off is concentrated burnt or buried the stolon of real puberty generation, should in time extract, can spray the generation that paclobutrazol, maleic hydrazide or chlormequat etc. suppress stolon;
(5) pest management: powdery mildew of strawberry prophylactic: hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, 25% makes hectogram 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid sprayings of dragon gram bacterium, 7 ~ 10d spray 1 time, the cultivation prevention phase is before and after December and before and after in May, the 2nd, their early stage prevention and control 1 000 times of liquid of Wuyiencin, 3000 times of liquid of emerald green shellfish, 50% makes hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, triumphant damp 2 000 times of liquid are used with becoming 500 times of liquid of mark, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, as it is fine to run into half the moon half, high humidity, the weather of no convection current wind, can be in time to foliar spray Wang Yi rhzomorph, or according to day green 800 times of liquid+soil smart 1 to water 15kg, or 0.36% entirely in 600 times of liquid+300 times of liquid of 1 000 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of nitrile bacterium azoles;
(6) grey mould fruit rot of strawberry: to put prevention first, the medication best period is that strawberry the 1st inflorescence is bloomed more than 20% and the 2nd inflorescence when just having bloomed, with triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid, or 1 000 times of liquid of vinclozolin, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, prevent and treat alternatively administered continuously 2 times, when disease is heavier, can select triumphant damp 1 200 times of liquid to add hundred safe 1 500 times of liquid, or triumphant damp 1200 times of liquid, or 50% make hundred merit 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, or 500 ~ 600 times of liquid of dragon gram bacterium, now mix and now use better effects if, behind the sagging stem of existing fruit, in time use bright straw pad fruit, in case infect, notice that hydrofuge heats, meet cloudy complete stool in time and spray 600 times of liquid of the biological medicine Te Like of active bacterium+red 300 times of liquid, under a situation arises, extract the disease leaf morning, really, use 1 000 times of liquid of Sukeling at dusk, or 300 times of liquid of 600 times of liquid+Shi Erfu of vinclozolin, or rare 1 000 times of liquid mixed atomizings of U.S. 500 times of liquid+gene activators of executing;
(7) strawberry clock post disease: after deciding strain, generally water before the normal root water, water 800 times of liquid of beneficial prestige to the strain root, or mix complete beneficial prestige biological bacteria deeply to the surperficial 5cm of bed soil in advance; Do not using under the active bio bacterium situation, can in normal root water, add first and cover the multiple special 800 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+roots of spirit.
2.
Nuisanceless strawberry high-yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of cultivating with foster, the subculture tissue of breeding, just be commissioned to train of inducing of bud are: the inducing and breed of bud: the sterilizable material after will handling is shelled leaf with sharp tweezers, expose growing point, cut 0.2 ~ 0.5 mm with cutter, (it is foster to carry out among the MS+6-BA 0.3 ~ 0.4mg/L) just being commissioned to train to be put into inducing culture, general 25 ℃ of culturing room's temperature, intensity of illumination 2 000 ~ 3 000 lx, illumination every day 12 h, induction time are 40 ~ 60 d; Subculture is cultivated: induced bundle is sprouted to receive carry out the subculture cultivation in the proliferated culture medium (MS+6-BA 0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L+IBA 0.01mg/L), temperature, illumination and other management are commissioned to train foster as before, can divide bottle 1 time by subculture about 30 d, determine to expand numerous number of times according to kind quantity; Culture of rootage: with MS+6-BA 0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L+IBA 0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L medium culture subculture seedling, behind 20 ~ 30 d, the seedlings of will taking root take out cuttage, and seedling continues to cultivate, and the limit is expanded numerous limit and taken root.
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CN104396545A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | High-yield strawberry cultivation method |
CN105493997A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 安徽省康之源农业科技有限公司 | Nuisanceless strawberry anthracnose prevention and treatment method |
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