CN102765068A - Double hex socket open end wrench - Google Patents

Abstract

The open-end wrench of the present invention can be used for both imperial and metric specifications. Two conventional single-size wrenches are replaced by dual-size hexagonal wrenches, reducing the number of wrenches required for use. The size of one hexagonal pattern is preferably suitable for matching metric components, and the size of the other hexagonal pattern is preferably suitable for matching imperial parts. The two hexagonal patterns are preferably offset at a 30-degree angle.

Description

Double hex socket open end wrench

technical field

The invention is primarily applicable to hand tools, and particularly relates to open-ended or Torx wrenches.

Background technique

When using a conventional wrench to turn the hex nut, the opening must engage at least two opposing faces of the nut. A known Torx wrench 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a crank arm 13 and two open slots 12 and 14 . Open slots 12 and 14 are generally not the same size. Open slots 12 and 14 contact and exert force on about 2/3 of the surface of the outer ring of the hexagon nut.

Cars are often assembled from components made in different countries. Some countries use the imperial system, while others use the metric system for measuring bolt sizes. Many machines are assembled from metric and imperial sized nuts and bolts. Conventional imperial or metric manual wrenches can only be used for nuts or bolts of specific sizes. In order to meet the requirements for metric and imperial parts in different jobs, mechanics, mechanics, electricians and consumers have to buy a variety of single-head wrenches. Wrench in tool set.

U.S. Patent No. 5,048,379 shows a square transmission double-end sleeve with an intermediate shaft, which can be used by connecting the traditional connecting rod to either end sleeve. But this patent requires moving, rotating and changing the sleeve to achieve the imperial-metric size conversion. In addition, this patent requires the addition of a connecting rod or a special wrench for actual operation.

In addition to the need to have many sizes of wrenches, it is often difficult for mechanics and others to determine the exact size when installing or removing nuts or bolts, and only guess the size of the wrench that needs to be used by visual inspection. Also, when servicing a car, it is often difficult to tell if a bolt is imperial or metric. Typically, a machinist will try various sizes of wrenches before finding the right size for a bolt or nut. It may take them a few tries to determine the make and exact size of the bolt. If they pick the wrong size, undersized, the wrench won't fit, but if they pick a little bigger, the wrench will be looser. But if a material is not strong enough (usually the nut), then this size mismatch will cause the vertices to shift, increasing the chance of (usually) nut damage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an open-end wrench of the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a double-size hexagonal open-end wrench of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the double-sized hexagonal open-end wrench shown in Fig. 2, describing the characteristics of two different sizes of inner and outer hexagonal ferrules;

Fig. 4 is another side view of the double-sized hexagonal open-end wrench shown in Fig. 2, describing the dimensions of the hexagonal ferrules of two different sizes;

In the form shown in Figure 5, the inch size in column A is the fractional value of the outer hexagonal ferrule's distance from the side, and column D is the possible value of the inner hexagonal ferrule's distance from the side in metric units. Column J refers to Is it recommended that the inner and outer hexagonal ferrules of this size be combined into a double-sized sleeve;

In the table shown in Figure 6, column A refers to the metric dimension of the outer hexagonal ferrule across the edge, column D is the possible imperial value of the inner hexagonal ferrule across the edge, and column J indicates whether the inner and outer hexagonal ferrules are recommended. The hexagonal ferrule is combined into a double-sized sleeve;

The form shown in Figure 7 is similar to that in Figure 5, but includes the maximum and minimum values for the distance across sides of the imperial hexagon socket ring;

The form shown in Figure 8 is similar to Figure 6, but includes the maximum and minimum dimensions for the metric hexagonal socket ferrules across the flats;

Fig. 9 is an end view showing a double-size hexagonal open-ended wrench according to an embodiment of the present invention, the outer hexagonal ferrule with a distance across the sides H1=11/16 inches, and the inner hexagonal ferrule with a distance across the sides H2=17mm combined . When the wrench of the prior art is used, the 17mm wrench is mistakenly matched with the 11/16 inch, and the engagement area between the wrench and the bolt is too large at 11/16 inch;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the theoretical minimum distance across sides of the inner hexagonal ferrule.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a wrench which can be used for nuts and bolts of two different sizes and specifications at the same time, thereby reducing the number of wrenches required for assembling and disassembling nuts and bolts of various sizes. The wrench configured according to the invention can shorten the time needed to determine the correct size wrench according to a specific specification of nuts or bolts. The present invention achieves the above functions by combining ferrules of different sizes with slight differences.

Considering the standard imperial size wrenches alone, the chances of the next smallest size inner hexagon ferrule being smaller than the outer hexagon ferrule barrel are lower due to their larger or different pitches. Standard metric-sized wrenches also have wider spacing. However, when imperial and metric sizes are compared side by side, several sizes in both measurements differ only slightly, which is the reason for the confusion in the selection of sizes mentioned in the discussion in the background introduction. This invention teaches the advantage of using dodeca wrenches in that they can accommodate two slightly different sized nuts at the same time, with one hexagonal ferrule to match inch size parts and the other hexagonal ferrule to fit For matching parts in metric dimensions. The design of two different sizes of hexagonal ferrules allows users to use only one wrench to fit two specifications of hexagonal nuts.

A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a wrench for rotating nuts and bolts in a plane perpendicular to the axis, the wrench comprising a jaw having a central axis with a partially cylindrical opening around the axis formed by the intersection of the perpendicular planes of the axis, the opening having one end Along the side of the first hexagon of larger size, the other end is along the side of the second hexagon of smaller size, the second hexagon is offset from the axis that the first hexagon surrounds.

The advantage of the invention is that the open-end wrench can realize the dual functions of reducing the number of times users change tools and speeding up their maintenance.

Specific implementation method

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an open-ended wrench 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wrench 20 includes the crank arm 24, and although any shape may be used, an oval cross-section is generally preferred. The left end 25 of the rocker arm 24 is a nut opening 26 , and the rocker arm 24 transfers the torque to the outer hexagonal ferrule 31 and the inner hexagonal ferrule 32 . Other types or shapes of socket joints are equally suitable.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the nut opening 26 surrounds the axis of rotation X and is bounded by an inner surface 32 parallel to the central axis and containing the sides F of 18 . Positive angles (60° clockwise) and negative angles (30° counterclockwise) can be alternately formed between adjacent sides. Each positive angle takes V as the vertex and forms a pocket P with the adjacent face. The first set of pocket regions (Pouter) contains every other pocket region defining the boundary of the first hexagonal pattern H1 (pouter regions are connected by dashes). The second set of pocket regions (Pinner) defines the boundary of the second hexagonal pattern H2 (the pockets are connected by dotted lines). In the known single-size wrench, the size of the two hexagonal patterns is equal, forming an angle of 30° along the X axis; in the wrench designed according to the present invention, the distances H1 and H2 to the sides of the hexagonal patterns are not equal, and Can be used for nuts of different sizes.

Figure 4 is a dimensional drawing of a wrench 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention: it has a larger outer hexagonal ferrule across the edge (HS _L ) and a smaller inner hexagonal ferrule across the edge (HSs ). The optimal solution for the inner and outer hexagonal ferrules is to intersect at an angle along the X axis

big hexagon pattern

Large hexagon opposite side distance = HS _L

Large hexagon radius = HR _L

Diagonal length of large hexagon = HD _L

Large hexagon vertex spacing = PHD _L (not marked in the figure)

small hexagon pattern

Small hexagon opposite side distance = HSs

Small hexagon radius = HRs

Diagonal length of small hexagon = HDs

Small hexagon vertex spacing = PHDs

More information about the standard size of the applicable hexagon nut, the distance across the flats of the outer hexagonal ring HSL and the distance across the flats of the inner hexagonal ring HS _S is as follows:

The radius of the hexagon is half of the distance across the sides of the hexagon (for example: face-to-face diameter), that is: HR=1/2*HS

The distance between vertices (PHDs) of each hexagonal ring is the diagonal distance of the hexagon minus the radius of the other hexagon:

For the larger outer hexagon pattern H1:

HD _L ＝ HR _L /cos 30°

PHD _L ＝ HD _L -HRs

For the smaller hexagon pattern H2:

HDs＝HRs/cos 30°

PHDs＝HDs-HR _L

The surface contact lengths of the large and small hexagons are:

SC _L ＝PHD _L /sin 30°

SCs=PHDs/sin 30°

According to the present invention, the above dimensions can be used to determine how to combine wrenches of different sizes to form wrenches of various specifications. The mating surface F of the double hex wrench to the nut needs to be large enough to trap and turn the hex nut without damaging the bolt angle. The distance HSs across sides of the inner hexagonal ferrule is reduced, the distance PHDs between the vertices of the hexagonal ferrule will also be shortened, and the matching length and matching area between the wrench and the nut will be correspondingly reduced. (Conversely, if the distance across sides HSs of the inner hexagonal ferrule is reduced, the pitch distance PHDL of the outer hexagonal ferrule will increase, and the matching area with the nut will also expand accordingly, as shown in Figure 9 below. ) The standard single-size double hexagonal wrench with the inner hexagonal ferrule H2, and the ideal matching area of the outer hexagonal ferrule of the same size should reach at least 80%. In other words, the column I values shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 preferably do not exceed 20%. The alternative selection of the optimal scheme in which the distance across the inner hexagonal ferrule actually exceeds the minimum size is the value in column F shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, that is, the distance between the opposite sides of the inner hexagon and the outer hexagon The ratio of shape to side distance is not less than 97%.

As shown in Figure 5, the inch size of the outer hexagonal distance in column A and the metric size of the inner hexagonal distance in column D are used to combine into a double-size wrench. Whether column J is checked or not corresponds to whether it should match Feasible, for example, row 8 in Figure 5 matches two wrenches of similar size, 11/16 inch and 17mm: 11/16 inch (column A value) is equal to 0.688 inch (column B value), and 17mm (column D value ) is equal to 0.669 inches (the value in column E); so 11/16 inches is larger, which becomes the outer hexagonal width HSL (value in column A), and 17mm becomes the inner hexagonal width (value in column D). Applying the above formula, the ratio of the inner hexagon to the outer hexagon is 97.4%, which satisfies the preferred value of not less than 97%. The selection also indicates that the 11/16" and 17mm on row 8 can be used to match a pair of wrenches.

As shown in Figure 6, the metric size of the outer hexagonal distance in column A and the inch size of the inner hexagonal distance in column D are used to combine into a double-size wrench. Whether the column J is checked or not corresponds to whether it should match It is feasible, for example, the 7th line in Figure 6 matches the outer hexagonal ferrule H1 with a distance across the sides of HSL 13mm (the value in column A), and the inner hexagonal ferrule H2 with the distance across the sides HS _S 0.5 inches (the value in column E) , and 13mm is equal to 0.512 inches (value in column B), which is only 0.012 larger than 0.5. The first set of hexagonal ferrules is suitable for 13mm gauge bolts and nuts, and the second set of hexagonal ferrules is suitable for 0.5 inch gauge bolts and nuts.

Additionally, as shown in the listings of Figures 7 and 8, two similar imperial or metric sized hexagonal ferrules can also be combined to form a dual size wrench. No combination of dual imperial or dual metric sizes in Figures 7 and 8 can satisfy column F values above 97% or P column values below 20%. However, there is not much difference between 11/16-inch and 11/8-inch wrenches, so the combination of double imperial and double metric is more practical in large-size wrenches.

时，扳手的转动力达到最大值，但其他角度同样可行。As mentioned above, if the opposite side distance HSs of the inner hexagon pattern is reduced, the vertex distance (point to hex distance, PHDL) of the outer hexagon pattern will increase beyond the first vertex distance HRL, and the contact area with the bolt ( SCL) will be expanded accordingly. Therefore, the smaller the distance across sides of the inner hexagon H2 is, the greater the turning force generated by the outer hexagon H1 of the wrench is. As shown in Figure 9, even if a wrench suitable for 17mm nuts is selected by mistake, the increased contact area SC (SurfaceContact) of the wrench shown in row 8 of Figure 5 is significantly higher than that of a single-size wrench generally suitable for 11/16-inch nuts . When the inner and outer hexagonal rings intersect along the X axis to form an angle

, the turning force of the wrench is at its maximum, but other angles are equally possible.

时，(HDL)*(86.6％)才能取得理论极值。If the bolts, nuts and wrenches are all made of hard materials, the proportion of the hexagonal vertex spacing difference to the standard spacing should preferably not be higher than 20% or when the outer hexagonal ring opposite side distance HSL may be greater than the HSL in Figure 7 Lines 7, 9, and 10 and the matching values of the double-sized hexagonal wrench listed in lines 8 to 18 in Figure 8, the ratio of the inner hexagon to the outer hexagon to the edge is not less than 97%. As shown in Figure 10, the theoretical maximum difference between the inner and outer hexagon sizes or the theoretical minimum size of the inner hexagon ferrule is when the diagonal length HDs of the inner hexagon is equal to the radius HRL of the outer hexagon, the outer hexagon The radius HRL of the hexagon is equal to the length of the diagonal of the outer hexagon multiplied by sine 60°. Only when the inner and outer hexagonal rings intersect along the X axis to form an angle

, (HDL)*(86.6%) can obtain the theoretical extreme value.

According to the examples proposed in the present invention, in the practical field, those skilled in the art can make corresponding modifications according to the idea of the invention. For example, if the inner and outer square sockets are selected, the square wrench designed according to the present invention is also suitable for square bolts and nuts. Accordingly, the following claims cover all modifications of the invention that are within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a spanner rotates hex bolts and nut with what, and this spanner comprises:

Jaw is applicable to the first size hex nut, and when a different time, is applicable to the second size hex nut of difference.

2. spanner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first size hex nut are measured with imperial measure, and said second size hex nut system is measured with metric system tolerance.

3. spanner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first size hex nut and the said second size hex nut are measured with imperial measure and are had a different size.

4. spanner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first size hex nut and the said second size hex nut are with the quilt measurement of metric system tolerance and have different size.

5. a spanner is used to rotate hex nut and bolt, and this spanner comprises:

Jaw with central shaft, and

One cylindric opening; Be positioned at around this axis; A this cylindric opening and a vertical Plane intersects that has with axis; This cylindric opening has a plurality of sides around first hexagon along large-size, and other sides around second hexagon of reduced size, and wherein this second hexagon is offset from the axle that first hexagon centers on.

6. spanner as claimed in claim 5, wherein said second hexagon becomes 30 degree angles with said first hexagon along said axle offset.

7. spanner as claimed in claim 6, the opposite of wherein said first hexagon distance be HSL, and the opposite of said second hexagon is apart from being HSs, HSs is greater than HS _LMultiply by 60 ° of sine.

8. spanner as claimed in claim 7, wherein said distance H Ss is at least distance H S _L97%.

9. spanner as claimed in claim 7, wherein said second hexagon is compared with one of the HSs with same size hexagon, and the decrement of its summit spacing (Point-to-HexPHDs) is less than 20% in a single size spanner.

10. Wrench comprises:

First square aperture with metric size, and

Second square aperture with second imperial sizing, said first square aperture is offset from this second square aperture rotatably.

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