CN109870627B - Submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data - Google Patents
Submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of submarine cable state monitoring, and particularly relates to a submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data. The method diagnoses the fiber breaking fault of the sensing optical fiber according to the characteristic values of the temperature, the strain and the vibration data of the distributed optical fiber; noise reduction processing of the monitoring data is carried out through a sliding average, and difference between the real-time monitoring data and reference data in the case of no fault is carried out for normalization; respectively setting alarm thresholds of temperature, strain and vibration data, carrying out fault alarm, positioning and determining an abnormal area; by solving the mean value of the data in the abnormal area and analyzing the statistics and the distribution rule of the data larger than the mean value, the diagnosis of the faults such as electric leakage, short circuit, insulation breakdown, anchor smashing, hook hanging, anchor supporting and the like is realized. The invention solves the problems of false alarm and high missing rate when monitoring the state of the submarine cable by using a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, and has the advantages of high alarm accuracy, capability of realizing fault diagnosis and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of submarine cable state monitoring, and particularly relates to a submarine cable fault alarm and diagnosis method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data.
Background
The submarine cable is an indispensable power lifeline in occasions such as coastal island power supply, offshore wind power plant power transmission, oil platform power utilization and the like, safe and stable operation of the submarine cable is related to social economy and people's life, and effective submarine cable state monitoring is necessary. For many years, submarine cables are always short of effective on-line monitoring means, generally maintained in modes of power failure maintenance, fault first-aid repair and the like, and the modes are simple and poor in effect.
With the development of distributed optical fiber sensing technology, the monitoring of the temperature, strain and vibration of the submarine cable by using the composite optical fiber in the submarine cable is gradually developed. At present, the insulation temperature of a submarine cable is generally measured by using a distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring technology, the strain of an armor is measured by using a distributed optical fiber strain monitoring technology, and the vibration of a cable body is measured by using a distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring technology. Because the technology is new and the equipment is expensive, the technologies can only be used one or two, and the cable body information capture is not complete. In addition, the existing alarm method is carried out independently for a certain physical quantity, the false alarm rate is high, the fault type cannot be diagnosed, and comprehensive and effective information cannot be provided for operation and maintenance.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a submarine cable fault alarm and diagnosis method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data, fully exerts the advantages of various distributed optical fiber sensing technologies, fuses various data, realizes high-accuracy alarm and fault diagnosis, and provides information support for operation, maintenance and first-aid repair of submarine cables.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a submarine cable fault alarm and diagnosis method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data, which is used for solving the problems that submarine cable fault alarm is high in false alarm and false alarm rate and fault diagnosis cannot be carried out.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a technical scheme that the submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: judging whether a fiber breaking fault occurs or not, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) judging whether non-digital codes appear in the distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring data or not, and if so, judging that a fiber breaking fault occurs at the position where the non-digital codes appear for the first time;
(2) judging whether more than 5 continuous 0 s appear in the distributed optical fiber strain monitoring data, if so, generating a fiber breaking fault at the position where the first time appears;
(3) judging whether obvious step rising occurs in distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring data, wherein the rising value is kept unchanged to the far end of the optical fiber in space, and if yes, a fiber breaking fault occurs at the position;
step 2: the distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data are subjected to noise reduction and normalization processing, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively carrying out sliding average processing on the distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data, namely taking 5 data before and after each monitoring point, calculating 11 data in total of the monitoring point data, and replacing the data of the monitoring point by the average value of the 11 data to realize data noise reduction;
(2) for the data after noise reduction, firstly, selecting data without faults as reference data, and then subtracting the reference data from the data measured each time to obtain normalized data;
and step 3: the fault alarm method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) if the normalized temperature monitoring data continuously exceed 4 ℃ for three times, carrying out temperature alarm, and simultaneously setting the alarm position as the position of a fault point, and setting all points higher than 4 ℃ as abnormal areas;
(2) if the normalized strain monitoring data continuously exceeds 200 mu epsilon for three times, performing strain alarm, and simultaneously setting the alarm position as the position of a fault point, and setting all points larger than 200 mu epsilon as abnormal areas;
(3) if the normalized vibration monitoring data lasts for more than 0.2 second and exceeds 200 seconds, vibration alarm is carried out, meanwhile, the alarm position is set as the position of a fault point, and all points which are more than 200 are set as abnormal areas;
and 4, step 4: and fault diagnosis is carried out according to the alarm condition, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average value T _ avg of the measured data in the abnormal area according to the temperature alarm data, and determining as the leakage fault if the number of the data which are larger than T _ avg in the abnormal area is less than 80% of the number which is larger than 0, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data which are larger than T _ avg in the abnormal area is basically equal to the number which is larger than 0, namely the difference of the number of the data is smaller than 10% of the total number of the data, the short-circuit fault is determined, and the first point which is smaller than the mean value from the power supply side is the fault position;
(2) calculating the mean value S _ avg of the measured data in the abnormal area according to the strain alarm data, and determining as an anchor fault if the number of the data which are larger than S _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 5 and smaller than 50, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than S _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 50, the data is determined as a hooking fault, and the point with the maximum value is the fault position;
(3) solving for the vibration alarm data, the average value E _ avg of the vibration energy in the abnormal area, and if the number of data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 5 and smaller than 20, determining the abnormal area as an anchor supporting or insulation breakdown fault, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 20 and smaller than 60, the data is determined as a hooking fault, and the maximum point of the numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 60, determining that the data is an anchor fault, and determining that the point with the maximum numerical value is the fault position;
(4) and if the anchor-smashing and hooking faults are reflected on the strain and vibration data, determining that the faults occur, otherwise, determining that the faults are false alarms.
The optical fiber used as the sensor is a single-mode, multi-mode or other type of optical fiber which is taken as a part of the submarine cable structure and is compounded in the submarine cable.
The distributed optical fiber temperature, strain and vibration sensing monitoring data are measured by distributed optical fiber temperature, strain and vibration measuring devices which are all devices or instruments based on optical fiber Raman scattering, optical fiber Brillouin scattering or optical fiber Rayleigh coherent detection principle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention fully utilizes the temperature, strain and vibration data measured by the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, and can comprehensively reflect the running state of the submarine cable; 2. according to the invention, the high-accuracy alarm of the submarine cable fault is realized by fusing temperature, strain and vibration data, and the problems of false alarm and high missing report rate are solved; 3. the invention realizes the diagnosis of the fault type of the submarine cable and provides sufficient information support for the operation, maintenance and first-aid repair of the submarine cable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fault alarm and diagnosis of a submarine cable;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of temperature data during a leakage fault;
FIG. 3 is a waveform of temperature data at short circuit fault;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of strain data at anchor failure;
fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of strain data at the time of a hooking fault.
Detailed Description
The flow chart of the submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data is shown in figure 1. The temperature monitoring data is obtained by measuring a Raman optical time domain reflectometer based on an optical fiber Raman scattering principle, the strain monitoring data is obtained by measuring a Brillouin optical time domain analyzer based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, and the vibration monitoring data is obtained by measuring a Rayleigh coherence detector based on the optical fiber Rayleigh coherence principle.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
1. and respectively detecting the current monitoring data of the three physical quantities according to the sequence of temperature, strain and vibration, and judging whether a fiber breaking characteristic value occurs.
(1) And (3) taking current temperature monitoring data, judging whether the current temperature monitoring data is equal to "-1. $" from the first data within the effective length range of the sensing optical fiber, if not, judging that no fiber breaking fault exists, and if so, judging that the fiber breaking fault occurs, wherein the first occurring position is the fault point position.
(2) And (3) taking current strain monitoring data, judging whether more than 5 '0's continuously appear from the first data within the effective length range of the sensing optical fiber, if not, and if so, judging that the fiber breaking fault occurs, wherein the first appearing position is the fault point position.
(3) And (3) taking current vibration monitoring data, and judging whether data which is more than 2 times of the average value of the previous measured values appears for 20 times or not from the first data within the effective length range of the sensing optical fiber, wherein if the data does not appear, the fiber breaking fault does not exist, if the data does appear, the fiber breaking fault occurs, and the first appearing position is the fault point position.
2. Respectively carrying out moving average noise reduction and normalization processing on temperature, strain and vibration monitoring data
(1) Taking the current temperature monitoring data, starting from the 1 st point, taking the following 5 monitoring data, calculating the average value of the 6 monitoring data, and then converting the data of the 1 st point into the average value; then, 2 nd point is carried out, 1 monitoring data in front of the point and 5 monitoring data in back are taken, the average value of the 7 number is calculated, and then the data of the 2 nd point is changed into the average value; and so on; until the 6 th point, 5 pieces of monitoring data before and after the point are taken, the average value of the 11 pieces of monitoring data is calculated, and then the data of the 6 th point is changed into the average value; and 5 pieces of monitoring data before and after are taken, and so on. Strain and vibration monitoring data are processed in the same way as temperature data.
(2) Taking temperature, strain and vibration data of a day with calm sea waves, no ship passing and no other noises as reference data; performing moving average on the reference data; and respectively carrying out moving average on the temperature, strain and vibration data measured in real time, and then subtracting the reference data after the moving average to obtain normalized temperature, strain and vibration data.
3. Carrying out fault alarm according to the normalized monitoring data
(1) And (3) carrying out threshold judgment on the temperature data which is measured in real time and subjected to noise reduction and normalization, alarming when the temperature exceeds 4 ℃ for 3 times continuously, and simultaneously determining the highest point of the temperature as a fault center position and all points which are greater than 4 ℃ as abnormal areas.
(2) And (3) carrying out threshold judgment on the strain data which is measured in real time and subjected to noise reduction and normalization, alarming when the strain data exceeds 200 mu epsilon for 3 times continuously, and simultaneously determining the highest point of strain as a fault center position, wherein all points which are greater than 200 mu epsilon are defined as abnormal areas.
(3) And (3) performing threshold judgment on the vibration data which is measured in real time and subjected to noise reduction and normalization, alarming when the vibration data lasts for more than 0.2 second and exceeds 200 seconds, and meanwhile, determining the highest point of the numerical value as a fault center position, and defining all points which are more than 200 as abnormal areas.
4. Diagnosing an alarm event
(1) Solving the mean value T _ avg of the measured data in the temperature alarm abnormal area, and determining that the electric leakage fault exists when the number of the data which are larger than T _ avg in the abnormal area is less than 80% of the number which is larger than 0, wherein the point with the maximum numerical value is the fault position, as shown in figure 2; when the number of data greater than T _ avg and the number greater than 0 in the abnormal region are substantially equal, that is, the difference between the number of data is less than 10% of the total number of data, it is determined as a short-circuit fault, and the first point from the power supply side that is less than the average value is a fault position, as shown in fig. 3.
(2) Solving an average value S _ avg of the measured data in the abnormal area of the strain alarm, and determining that the anchor fault occurs when the number of the data which are larger than S _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 5 and smaller than 50, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position, as shown in FIG. 4; when the number of data greater than S _ avg in the abnormal region is greater than 50, the hooking fault is determined, and the point with the largest value is the fault position, as shown in fig. 5.
(3) Solving an average value E _ avg of vibration energy in the abnormal vibration alarm area, and determining that the anchor supporting or insulation breakdown fault exists when the number of data larger than the E _ avg in the abnormal area is more than 5 and less than 20, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; when the number of data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 20 and smaller than 60, determining that the data is a hooking fault, and determining that the point with the maximum value is the fault position; and when the number of the data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 60, determining that the data is an anchor fault, and determining that the point with the maximum value is the fault position.
(4) And when the anchor-smashing and hooking faults are reflected on the strain and vibration data, determining that the faults occur, otherwise, determining that the faults are false alarm, and canceling the alarm.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modification, equivalent change and modification made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The submarine cable fault alarming and diagnosing method based on distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: judging whether a fiber breaking fault occurs or not, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) judging whether non-digital codes appear in the distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring data or not, and if so, judging that a fiber breaking fault occurs at the position where the non-digital codes appear for the first time;
(2) judging whether more than 5 continuous 0 s appear in the distributed optical fiber strain monitoring data, if so, generating a fiber breaking fault at the position where the first time appears;
(3) judging whether obvious step rising occurs in distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring data, wherein the rising value is kept unchanged to the far end of the optical fiber in space, and if yes, a fiber breaking fault occurs at the position;
step 2: the distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data are subjected to noise reduction and normalization processing, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively carrying out sliding average processing on the distributed optical fiber temperature strain and vibration monitoring data, namely taking 5 data before and after each monitoring point, calculating 11 data in total of the monitoring point data, and replacing the data of the monitoring point by the average value of the 11 data to realize data noise reduction;
(2) for the data after noise reduction, firstly, selecting data without faults as reference data, and then subtracting the reference data from the data measured each time to obtain normalized data;
and step 3: the fault alarm method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) if the normalized temperature monitoring data continuously exceed 4 ℃ for three times, carrying out temperature alarm, and simultaneously setting the alarm position as the position of a fault point, and setting all points higher than 4 ℃ as abnormal areas;
(2) if the normalized strain monitoring data continuously exceeds 200 mu epsilon for three times, performing strain alarm, and simultaneously setting the alarm position as the position of a fault point, and setting all points larger than 200 mu epsilon as abnormal areas;
(3) if the normalized vibration monitoring data lasts for more than 0.2 second and exceeds 200 seconds, vibration alarm is carried out, meanwhile, the alarm position is set as the position of a fault point, and all points which are more than 200 are set as abnormal areas;
and 4, step 4: and fault diagnosis is carried out according to the alarm condition, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average value T _ avg of the measured data in the abnormal area according to the temperature alarm data, and determining as the leakage fault if the number of the data which are larger than T _ avg in the abnormal area is less than 80% of the number which is larger than 0, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data which are larger than T _ avg in the abnormal area is basically equal to the number which is larger than 0, namely the difference of the number of the data is smaller than 10% of the total number of the data, the short-circuit fault is determined, and the first point which is smaller than the mean value from the power supply side is the fault position;
(2) calculating the mean value S _ avg of the measured data in the abnormal area according to the strain alarm data, and determining as an anchor fault if the number of the data which are larger than S _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 5 and smaller than 50, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than S _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 50, the data is determined as a hooking fault, and the point with the maximum value is the fault position;
(3) solving for the vibration alarm data, the average value E _ avg of the vibration energy in the abnormal area, and if the number of data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 5 and smaller than 20, determining the abnormal area as an anchor supporting or insulation breakdown fault, wherein the point with the largest numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 20 and smaller than 60, the data is determined as a hooking fault, and the maximum point of the numerical value is the fault position; if the number of the data larger than E _ avg in the abnormal area is larger than 60, determining that the data is an anchor fault, and determining that the point with the maximum numerical value is the fault position;
(4) and if the anchor-smashing and hooking faults are reflected on the strain and vibration data, determining that the faults occur, otherwise, determining that the faults are false alarms.
2. The method for alarming and diagnosing the failure of the submarine cable according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber used as the sensor is a single-mode, multi-mode or other type optical fiber which is a part of the submarine cable structure and is integrated in the submarine cable, and the distributed optical fiber temperature, strain and vibration sensing data are measured by distributed optical fiber temperature, strain and vibration measuring devices which are all devices or instruments based on optical fiber Raman scattering, optical fiber Brillouin scattering or optical fiber Rayleigh coherent detection principle.
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| CN115479631A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-12-16 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and system for diagnosing mechanical fault and electrical fault of high-voltage alternating-current submarine cable |
| CN116858295B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-05-14 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) | Offshore island protection monitoring system and method based on distributed optical cable |
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