CN109824174B - Hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device - Google Patents
Hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a water conservancy cavitation formula sea water or desalination device of brackish water, which comprises a stator, rotor and central shaft, the inside cavitation chamber that is of stator, the rotor is sealed barrel, the rotor sets up in the cavitation chamber, the central shaft is installed in the stator, the central shaft passes the inside rotor of stator, rotor and central shaft fixed connection, set up the cavitation hole groove on the outer wall of rotor or the inner wall in cavitation chamber, perhaps all set up the cavitation hole groove on the outer wall of rotor and the inner wall in cavitation chamber, stator upper portion is provided with the raw water import, the stator top is provided with the fresh water export, the bottom is provided with the strong brine discharge port. The seawater treatment system using the device comprises a raw water lift pump, a sedimentation tank, a microorganism separation tank, a multi-medium filter, a low-pressure raw water delivery pump, the desalting device, a condenser and a fresh water collecting box. According to the invention, water is evaporated by heat released instantly when bubbles collapse during cavitation, so that water and impurities are separated, and then the water is condensed and collected, so that the water yield is high, the water outlet is stable, and the method is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for desalinating brackish water or seawater, in particular to a device for desalinating the brackish water or the seawater by utilizing hydrodynamic cavitation.
Background
At present, the seawater desalination devices in practical application are basically a multi-stage flash evaporation method, a reverse osmosis method, an electrodialysis method and a freezing method. Generally speaking, the reverse osmosis membrane method has the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and the like, but the requirement on seawater pretreatment is high; the multistage flash evaporation method has the advantages of mature technology, reliable operation, large device yield and the like, but the energy consumption is higher. The energy used by the devices mainly comes from fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, the energy consumption is high, the environment is polluted, the fossil fuels increase the transportation cost, and the most core problem is that the devices need to consume more energy, so that the energy storage burden of ships is greatly increased, and offshore ships lacking energy supply are difficult to supply.
Still some seawater desalination devices utilize electric energy, solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy, and the seawater cannot be directly drunk due to unstable water supply, so that the process is complicated by reprocessing, and the water supply is not timely, so that it is an urgent matter to provide stable drinking water for a long-distance ship.
Chinese patent document CN202030601U discloses a water conservancy cavitation seawater desalination system, which comprises a seawater self-suction device, a seawater filtering device, a liquid inlet pipe, a cavitation cavity, a seawater desalination mechanism and a liquid outlet pipe, wherein the seawater self-suction device is connected with the seawater filtering device, the liquid inlet pipe is connected with the seawater filtering device, the cavitation cavity comprises an inner cavity and an outer cavity which are nested together, a cavitation power device is arranged in the inner cavity, a partition plate is arranged between the inner cavity and the outer cavity, a plurality of liquid molecular bond bursting devices are arranged on the partition plate, the inner cavity is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the outer cavity is connected with the seawater desalination mechanism, the seawater desalination mechanism is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, seawater is driven by the cavitation power device after entering the inner cavity and is sprayed into the outer cavity through the liquid molecular bond bursting devices, the seawater forms a cavitation reaction in the outer chamber. Although the system improves the effect of seawater cavitation, the system adopts the structure of an inner cavity and an outer cavity, a cavitation power device is arranged in the inner cavity, a liquid molecular bond bursting device is also needed, and a complicated process of spraying liquid in the inner cavity to the outer cavity is needed, so that the structure and the operation process of the system are complicated, and the cost is high.
When the total concentration of each salt in water is more than 1000mg/L, it is usually called brackish water. The desalination of the brackish water is actually the desalination of the salt water, so that the salt water is desalinated or treated to reach the drinking water standard, and the requirements of the desalination of the salt water are basically consistent with the requirements of the seawater desalination. At present, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis are commonly used as bitter water desalination methods. Because electrodialysis can not remove organic matters and bacteria in water and the operation energy consumption of equipment is large, the application of electrodialysis in brackish water desalination engineering is limited. Because the driving force of the reverse osmosis process is pressure, the requirement of the permeable membrane on the water quality index of water is higher, and the water supply pretreatment is important for the safe operation of the reverse osmosis method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the conventional seawater desalination device can not realize quick and convenient treatment of seawater and can not obtain direct drinking water, the invention provides the hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalination device which has a simple structure, large water yield and stable water outlet and can generate direct drinking water.
The invention relates to a hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the device, including the stator, rotor and central axle, the inside cavitation chamber that is of stator, the rotor is sealed barrel, the rotor setting is in the cavitation chamber, the central axle is installed in the stator, the inside rotor of stator is passed to the central axle, rotor and central axle fixed connection set up the cavitation hole groove on the outer wall of rotor or the inner wall in cavitation chamber, perhaps all set up the cavitation hole groove on the outer wall of rotor and the inner wall in cavitation chamber, stator upper portion is provided with the raw water import, the stator top is provided with the fresh water export, the bottom is provided with the strong brine discharge port.
The central shaft is connected with the transmission device to drive the rotor to rotate in the stator.
The cavitation hole groove is a blind hole, a spiral groove or an annular groove.
The stator and the rotor are both conical to form a conical cavitation device. The conicity of the stator and the rotor is consistent and is 0.2-0.5, and the optimum is 0.282.
The stator and the rotor are both cylindrical to form a cylindrical cavitation device.
The clearance between the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the cavitation cavity is 4-8 mm.
The diameter or width of the cavitation hole groove is 18-30 mm.
The depth of the cavitation hole groove is 22-60 mm.
The rotating speed of the rotor is 2500-4000 rpm.
The other hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device can connect the conical cavitation device and the cylindrical cavitation device together, and a fresh water outlet of the conical cavitation device is connected with a raw water inlet of the cylindrical cavitation device. The fresh water flowing out through the conical cavitation device passes through the cylindrical cavitation device again for further sterilization and disinfection, so that the obtained drinking water is safer and more reliable. The difference of the conical cavitation device and the cylindrical cavitation device in the cavitation effect is mainly reflected in that the conical cavitation device has a more violent and efficient effect on salt removal, and the cylindrical cavitation device is mainly used for sterilization and disinfection.
The device is used for a brackish water or seawater treatment system, and comprises a raw water lift pump, a sedimentation tank, a microorganism separation tank, a multi-medium filter, a low-pressure raw water delivery pump, a condenser and a fresh water collecting box besides the desalting device, wherein the raw water lift pump, the sedimentation tank, the microorganism separation tank, the multi-medium filter, the low-pressure raw water delivery pump, the desalting device, the condenser and the fresh water collecting box are sequentially connected. The desalting device can be a single conical cavitation device or a cylindrical cavitation device, and can also be a desalting device formed by connecting the conical cavitation device and the cylindrical cavitation device. The seawater is pumped by a water pump, is pretreated by precipitation, a microorganism separation tank and multi-medium filtration, is pumped to the conical cavitation device and the cylindrical cavitation device by a low-pressure raw water delivery pump, and can be desalted, sterilized and disinfected through cavitation, so that the discharged seawater is changed into fresh water and has a certain temperature, and is collected and stored after being condensed, so that the seawater is convenient to use and can be directly drunk.
Bitter or sea water after the preliminary treatment get into the cavitation intracavity of stator, based on the centrifugal separation principle, the quick rotation of rotor, the sea water can rotate thereupon together, because the existence of round hole, the sea water can take place the cavitation, just become rotatory air current when the air current passes the round hole clearance, the liquid drop of smuggleing secretly in the air current jets out and is got rid of the outside with certain angle of elevation under inertial effect, flow to the bottom downwards to catchment along the stator inner wall, form the strong brine, thereby reach gas-liquid separation's purpose, the strong brine is discharged by the strong brine discharge port of stator lower extreme. The gasified fresh water is discharged from a fresh water outlet at the upper end of the stator.
The cavitation generation mechanism of the present invention is shear cavitation, using computational fluid dynamics to more intuitively analyze the interaction process. The flow rate of raw water (brackish water or seawater) is increased, the pressure is reduced, when the pressure is reduced to steam pressure or even negative pressure, gas dissolved in the seawater can be released, the seawater is vaporized to generate a large amount of cavitation bubbles, then the pressure around the liquid is quickly recovered and sprayed and expanded, and the cavitation bubbles are instantly destroyed. Cavitation refers to a complex physical phenomenon that a cavity of gas or steam in liquid oscillates under the action of an external field, cavitation collapse is accompanied by various extremely complex physical and chemical effects, huge energy can be released instantly, and the liquid has great energy utilization potential. The evaporation of the raw water can be accelerated by utilizing the high temperature and high pressure and the atomization effect generated by the water during cavitation.
The invention only needs the rotation movement of the rotor to drive the liquid to rotate, and the cavitation hole groove dislocation relation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the rotor and the stator enables the liquid to efficiently generate cavitation, thereby achieving the effect of raw water desalination, having large water yield, stable water output, capability of generating direct drinking water, good taste, low energy consumption, long service life, safety and reliability; has the following characteristics:
1. the invention adopts a hydraulic cavitation mode, water in raw water can be evaporated by heat released instantly when bubbles collapse during cavitation, separation of water and salt is realized, the water can be collected and gathered in the water tank through the condenser pipe again, temperature control can be realized during condensation, and drinking water and domestic water can be provided in time when the water tank is placed in the water tank.
2. The invention also realizes the sterilization and disinfection of water, has strong sterilization power, sterilizes and disinfects the liquid raw material by utilizing the instant high temperature and high pressure generated during the cavitation, and the energy effect of the hydrodynamic cavitation can inactivate microorganisms in the water to realize the sterilization and disinfection treatment of the bacteria-containing raw water, so the fresh water produced by the invention can be directly drunk.
3. The invention adopts the rotary hydraulic cavitation device, compared with the traditional cavitation device, the rotary hydraulic cavitation device has small volume, saves a large amount of energy consumption, reduces the energy consumption to the lowest, and can be specially designed according to the particularity of application occasions such as islands, ships, yachts, oil drilling platforms and the like.
4. The desalination device based on hydrodynamic cavitation can realize instant temperature rise, the thermal efficiency reaches 82.18%, the heat generation rate is 48.15MJ/h, the temperature can be rapidly changed, and the necessary temperature of domestic water of people on a ship can be improved.
5. The invention is applied to a brackish water or seawater treatment system, has small volume, light weight, large water yield, stable water outlet, good taste, intellectualization, rapidness, convenience, wide temperature range adaptation, modular system application, computer system control, land occupation saving, convenient installation, strong adaptability and long service life.
6. The invention is applied to a treatment system of brackish water or seawater, increases the surface area of raw water, improves the productivity, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, stable performance, high reliability and convenient operation.
7. The invention has simple operation, convenient maintenance, safety and reliability, avoids frequent cleaning and has no environmental pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cone structure of the hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalination device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of another tapered structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a cylindrical structure of the hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalination device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another cylindrical structure.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of a conical structure and a cylindrical structure of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the present invention for desalinating seawater.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a central shaft, 2, a stator end cover, 3, bolts, 4, a rotor end cover, 5, a rotor, 6, a stator, 7, a circular hole on the rotor, 8, a strong brine discharge port, 9, a fresh water outlet, 10, a raw water inlet, 11, a conical cavitation device, 12, a cylindrical cavitation device, 13, a raw water lifting pump, 14, a sedimentation tank, 15, a microorganism separation tank, 16, a multi-medium filter, 17, a low-pressure raw water delivery pump, 18, drinking water, 19, a condenser and 20, a fresh water collecting box.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalination apparatus of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes a rotor 5 and a stator 6. The stator 6 is a cylindrical structure, the upper end and the lower end of the stator are connected with the end cover 2 through bolts 3, and a sealing gasket is arranged at the joint, so that a sealed cavitation cavity is formed inside the stator. The rotor 5 is also of a cylindrical structure, and the upper end and the lower end of the rotor are provided with end covers 4, so that a sealed cylinder is formed inside the rotor. The central shaft 1 is arranged in a stator 6 through a bearing, the central shaft 1 penetrates through the stator 6 and a rotor 5 inside the stator 6, the stator 6 and the central shaft 1 rotate relatively, and the rotor 5 is fixedly connected with the central shaft 1. The central shaft 1 is connected with a transmission device to drive the rotor 5 to rotate in the stator 6, and the rotating speed of the rotor is 2500-4000 revolutions per minute.
The gap between the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the stator is 4-8 mm, and cavitation hole grooves 7 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the rotor 5 and the inner wall of the stator 6 to form a cavitation phenomenon. In the figure 1, the cavitation hole grooves 7 on the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the stator are independent holes, the diameter of each hole is 18-22mm, the depth of each hole is 50-60mm, and the cavitation hole grooves on the outer wall of the rotor 5 and the cavitation hole grooves on the inner wall of the stator 6 are distributed in a staggered mode and are not opposite to each other.
The upper end cover of the stator 6 is provided with a fresh water outlet 9, and the lower end cover is provided with a strong brine discharge port 8. Referring to fig. 2, the stator 6 is provided at an upper portion thereof with a raw water inlet 10.
Raw water after the preliminary treatment gets into the cavitation intracavity of stator 6 by raw water inlet 10, based on the centrifugal separation principle, because the effect sea water of gravity can from the upstream to down, including the fast revolution of rotor 5, the sea water can rotate along with it, because the existence of round hole 7, the sea water can take place the cavitation, just become rotatory air current when the air current passes round hole 7 clearance, the liquid drop of smuggleing secretly in the air current jets out and is got rid of the outside with certain angle of elevation under inertial effect, collect downwards along the 6 inner walls of stator and flow to the bottom, form the strong brine, thereby reach gas-liquid separation's purpose, the strong brine is discharged by strong brine discharge port 8 of stator 6 lower extreme. The gasified fresh water is discharged from a fresh water outlet 9 at the upper end of the stator 6.
The stator 6 and the rotor 5 of the hydraulic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device are both in a conical structure to form a conical cavitation device 11. The cavitation slot can be only distributed on the outer wall of the rotor 5 as shown in fig. 3, the cavitation slot is a left-hand spiral slot, and the outer wall of the stator is not provided with the cavitation slot. The inclination angle of the spiral groove is 5 degrees, the width is 30mm, and the depth is 22 mm.
If the stator 6 and the rotor 5 are both cylindrical structures, a cylindrical cavitation device 12 as shown in fig. 4 is formed, and only the outer wall of the rotor 5 is distributed with cavitation hole grooves which are independent blind holes or annular grooves, and the outer wall of the stator is not provided with the cavitation hole grooves. The cavitation slots in the cylindrical cavitation device 12 may also be, as shown in fig. 5, cavitation slots distributed on the outer wall of the rotor 5 and the inner wall of the stator 6, and the cavitation slots may be independent blind holes or a ring of annular slots distributed in a circle. The width of the annular groove is 25mm, and the depth is 35 mm.
The taper of the tapered cavitation device 11 designed in the present invention (the taper of the stator 6 and the rotor 5) is 0.2 to 0.5 degrees, and preferably 0.282 degrees. The difference of the cavitation effect between the conical cavitation device 11 and the cylindrical cavitation device 12 is mainly reflected in that the conical cavitation device 11 has a more intense and more efficient effect of removing salt, and the cylindrical cavitation device 12 is mainly used for sterilization.
The invention can also connect a conical cavitation device 11 and a cylindrical cavitation device 12 together for use, as shown in fig. 6, wherein a fresh water outlet 9 of the conical cavitation device is connected with a raw water inlet 10 of the cylindrical cavitation device. The fresh water flowing out through the conical cavitation device passes through the cylindrical cavitation device again for further sterilization and disinfection, so that the obtained drinking water is safer and more reliable.
The above-mentioned structure and parameters are obtained by a large number of experiments according to the characteristics of seawater or brackish water, and the optimum matching of treatment efficiency, effect and cost is achieved.
The brackish water or seawater treatment system using the device of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, comprises a raw water lift pump 13, a sedimentation tank 14, a microorganism separation tank 15, a multi-medium filter 16, a low-pressure raw water delivery pump 17, a cavitation device, a condenser 19 and a fresh water collection tank 20. The conical cavitation device 11 and the cylindrical cavitation device 12 utilize the high temperature and high pressure and atomization effect generated during cavitation of water, so that evaporation of raw water can be accelerated, the surface area of the raw water is increased, and the fresh water production rate is improved. The cavitation means may be a conical cavitation means 11 or a cylindrical cavitation means 12, or a means in which a conical cavitation means 11 and a cylindrical cavitation means 12 are connected as shown in fig. 4.
Raw water is pumped by a water pump 13 and then enters a sedimentation tank 14, impurities such as silt, shells and the like are settled, then enters a microorganism separation tank 15, a part of microorganisms are removed, then enters a multi-medium filter 16, algae and other plants are filtered, the raw water from the filter is pumped to a conical cavitation device 11 and a cylindrical cavitation device 12 by a low-pressure raw water delivery pump 17, gas dissolved in the raw water is released, meanwhile, the raw water is vaporized to generate a large amount of cavitation bubbles, then the pressure around the liquid is quickly recovered and jet-expanded, the cavitation bubbles are instantly broken, huge energy is instantly released, and the effects of desalting, sterilizing and disinfecting the raw water can be achieved. The raw water from the water tank is changed into fresh water with a certain temperature, and the fresh water can be collected through the condensing pipe 19 and stored in the fresh water collecting tank 20, so that the water tank is convenient to use and can be directly drunk.
Claims (2)
1. A hydrodynamic cavitation type seawater or brackish water desalting device is characterized in that: the device comprises a conical cavitation device and a cylindrical cavitation device, wherein the conical cavitation device is connected with the cylindrical cavitation device, and a fresh water outlet of the conical cavitation device is connected with a raw water inlet of the cylindrical cavitation device;
the conical cavitation device and the cylindrical cavitation device respectively comprise a stator, a rotor and a central shaft, and the stator and the rotor form the conical cavitation device when being conical; the stator and the rotor form a cylindrical cavitation device when both are cylindrical; the inner part of the stator is a cavitation cavity, the rotor is a sealed cylinder body, the rotor is arranged in the cavitation cavity, the central shaft is arranged in the stator and penetrates through the rotor in the stator, the rotor is fixedly connected with the central shaft, the outer wall of the rotor or the inner wall of the cavitation cavity is provided with a cavitation hole groove, or the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the cavitation cavity are both provided with cavitation hole grooves, the upper part of the stator is provided with a raw water inlet, the top end of the stator is provided with a fresh water outlet, and the bottom end of the stator is; the cavitation hole groove is a blind hole, a spiral groove or an annular groove; the clearance between the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the cavitation cavity is 4-8 mm; the diameter or width of the cavitation hole groove is 18-30mm, and the depth of the cavitation hole groove is 22-60 mm; the conicity of the stator and the rotor is 0.2-0.5; the rotating speed of the rotor is 2500-4000 r/min.
2. A brackish water or seawater treatment system comprising the desalination apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a raw water lift pump, a sedimentation tank, a microorganism separation tank, a multi-media filter, a low-pressure raw water delivery pump, a condenser and a fresh water collection tank, wherein the raw water lift pump, the sedimentation tank, the microorganism separation tank, the multi-media filter, the low-pressure raw water delivery pump, the desalination apparatus, the condenser and the fresh water collection tank are sequentially connected.
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| US8597524B2 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2013-12-03 | Donnelly Labs Llc | Enclosed rotor-based cavitational and catalytic flow-through reaction chamber |
| RU2310798C1 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Завод им. В.А. Дегтярева" | Liquid heating device |
| CN102583648A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2012-07-18 | 株式会社神钢环境舒立净 | Fresh water production method, fresh water production apparatus, method for desalinating sea water into fresh water, and apparatus for desalinating sea water into fresh water |
| CN202030601U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-11-09 | 黄一宪 | Hydrodynamic cavitation seawater desalination system |
| CN102764703B (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cyclone separator for realizing solution cavitation separation and separation method |
| CN102863095A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-01-09 | 江苏博隆环保设备有限公司 | Seawater and bitterly-salt water desalting system |
| AU2013326961A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2015-04-30 | Advanced Oxidation Reduction Technologies, Llc | Liquid vaporization systems and methods of use |
| EP3274099A4 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-12-05 | Sherman, Karl, L. | Continuous flow centrifuge with application of water desalination and purification |
| CN107062723A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of utilization ultrasonic wave promotes the devices and methods therefor of seawater fluidisation ice nucleation |
| CN108640389A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-12 | 同济大学 | The method and micro-nano bubble-vacuum membrane distillation for handling waste water desalination couple desalination system |
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