CN109753716B - Nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method and system based on flow field simulation - Google Patents
Nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method and system based on flow field simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method and system based on flow field simulation, according to the unit structure and the operation condition, simplify the fluid calculation domain, establish the runner geometric model including two stator blades and three rotor blades, and utilize the structured grid to disperse, introduce the fluid calculation domain after dispersing, according to different flow conditions, set up phase change model, turbulence model, boundary condition and numerical solution parameter, solve the transient distribution pressure of the blade surface under different conditions through the flow field simulation; for the blade adopting the three-dimensional hexahedron unit dispersion, the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade is equivalent to fluid excitation suitable for different blade structure units by utilizing an inverse distance weighted interpolation method and an equivalence method based on the virtual work principle; for the discrete blade adopting the space twisted beam unit, the transient distributed pressure on the surface of the blade is converted into equivalent fluid excitation of the space twisted beam unit of the blade by utilizing the virtual work principle.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method and system based on flow field simulation.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the rapid development of the nuclear/thermal power turboset and other rotating machines with complex structural characteristics such as long shafting, large flexible blades, surrounding belts and the like to large scale, high efficiency and high parameters, the problem of vibration induced by fluid excitation borne by a blade rotor system becomes one of the key factors influencing the safe and stable operation of the turboset. The fluid excitation mainly refers to interaction force (including action of fluid power on the solid and reaction of the solid on a flow field) between fluid and the solid (blades, rotating shafts and the like) in the unit, is multi-field coupling excitation force related to multivariable variables such as specific working media, operation parameters, flow channel structures, rotating speeds and the like, and has strong fluid-solid coupling nonlinearity. Especially, blades of rotors at each stage of a water-cooled reactor nuclear power steam turbine unit and a low-pressure stage of a high-power condensing steam thermal power steam turbine unit run in a wet steam area, and a condensation shock wave generated by the temperature difference between gas and liquid phases in the non-equilibrium condensation process of the wet steam interferes with a pneumatic shock wave, so that the non-uniformity of a flow field is remarkably intensified, and the complexity of fluid excitation is further increased. The rotor system faces more complicated nonlinear fluid induced vibration problems due to multi-field coupling complex excitation such as wet steam unbalanced condensation and the like. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit, the vibration response and the prediction and judgment stability must be accurately controlled in various links such as unit design, operation monitoring and the like, and the precondition is that the excitation force applied to a rotor system is accurately determined.
The current methods for obtaining the exciting force in the kinetic research mainly include: 1) actually measuring: the method mainly comprises the steps of obtaining the overall size by adopting a force sensor and the like under the actual operation working condition through testing or obtaining the overall size by laboratory scale test; 2) analytic or numerical calculation: establishing a proper dynamic model, solving by adopting an analytic or numerical method, and only being suitable for a linear system with a simple structure; 3) performing system excitation identification by adopting a dynamic inverse problem method: for the condition that the system excitation cannot be directly tested, the system excitation is obtained by solving and identifying the known vibration response (measured or calculated) and the system modal characteristic (measured or calculated) by utilizing the modal characteristic, input (excitation) and output (response) relation of the system. However, limited by the test technology at present, it is not yet possible to directly measure the excitation force borne by the rotating blade of the whole machine scale or to identify and obtain the fluid excitation in the complex flow field environment by using a dynamic inverse problem method according to the measured data of the blade vibration response and the system modal characteristics. Most of patents related to flow field numerical simulation only provide methods capable of predicting the flowing condition of air or other working medium fluids in equipment, and have some obvious defects, for example, the patent with the publication number of 107491572A provides a method for simulating and calculating in-cylinder fluid, after a closed curved surface of each part surrounding fluid in an automobile engine cylinder is modeled, the model is dispersed into a dynamic grid model according to valve motion parameters during grid drawing, periodic transient boundary conditions are set, and the change of the fluid motion state in the engine cylinder when a crankshaft rotates is simulated; the patent with publication number 104268943B discloses a fluid simulation method based on an Euler-Lagrange coupling method, which comprises the steps of performing flow field modeling by using an LBM method based on an Euler grid, constructing a main body part of fluid simulation, simulating fluids such as spray, water drops and the like by using an SPH method based on a Lagrange particle idea, integrating the LBM fluid and the SPH fluid by designing a coupling algorithm, and predicting the flowing condition of working medium fluid in a simulated flow field; none of the above patents have been further investigated to provide a method of extracting the excitation of a fluid to a fluid or solid and is not suitable for use in complex rotor systems.
The thesis "fluid excitation induced axial flow pump structure vibration calculation method" proposes that a large vortex model is adopted, computational fluid mechanics software Fluent is utilized to carry out simulation calculation on unsteady flow of a pump internal flow field, when fluid excitation force is extracted, the Fluent is utilized to carry out space averaging on fluid pulsating pressure on an inner wall surface and a vane surface respectively to obtain an average pressure value acting on the inner wall surface of an impeller area, the simplification is used as equivalent excitation, the fluid excitation simplified calculation method does not consider multivariable influences such as a complex rotor structure and operation conditions, and the like, and the excitation force generated by fluid on the non-uniform distribution of the vane surface is simplified into uniform distribution force which has larger deviation with the actual operation condition of the axial flow pump. A flow field simulation numerical calculation method proposed by the thesis of Advanced Steam Analysis of a Long sheared Steam Turbine Blade simplifies wet Steam condensation into a balance process in a design stage, does not consider fluid excitation generated by non-balance condensation, adopts an energy method to judge whether blades in a flow field vibrate or not, and cannot extract fluid excitation force; the flow field simulation method proposed by the article "Vortex-induced simulation effect on surface life estimate of turbine blades" assumes wet steam as ideal gas in fluid excitation modeling, only considering wake excitation, neglecting fluid excitation force in wet steam environment; the flow field simulation method is very easy to cause the inherent defects that the structure and the operation condition design of the unit are seriously deviated from the actual operation condition and the like, and even unforeseen vibration exceeds the standard or flutter instability causes accidents.
In all links such as unit design or operation monitoring and fault diagnosis, vibration response and prediction judgment stability must be accurately controlled to ensure safe and stable operation of the unit, and the precondition is that the excitation force applied to a rotor system is accurately determined. At present, limited by test technology, it is impossible to directly measure the excitation force borne by the rotating blade of the whole machine scale or to identify and obtain the fluid excitation of a complex flow field environment by adopting a dynamic inverse problem method according to the measured data of the blade vibration response and the system modal characteristics. Most of the existing patents for flow field numerical simulation only propose methods for predicting the flow condition of air or other working medium fluids in equipment, and no further research is carried out on methods for extracting excitation force of fluid to fluid or solid, and the methods are not suitable for complex rotor systems; the fluid excitation simplified calculation method provided in the paper does not consider the influence of multivariable such as a complex rotor structure, operation conditions and the like, simplifies the non-uniformly distributed excitation force generated by the fluid into uniformly distributed force or assumes wet steam as ideal gas in fluid excitation modeling, only considers wake excitation and ignores the fluid excitation force in the wet steam environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the disclosure provides a method and a system for solving the fluid excitation numerical value of the nuclear/thermal power turboset based on flow field simulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation according to the operation condition of the unit
2) According to the structure and the operation condition of the unit, simplifying a fluid calculation domain, creating a flow channel geometric model, and performing dispersion by using a structured grid;
3) leading in a scattered fluid calculation domain, setting a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters according to the operation condition of the unit, and solving the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade through flow field simulation;
4) establishing a blade-rotor system dynamic model considering two geometrical nonlinearity of deformation coupling nonlinearity between the flexible blade and the elastic rotating shaft and asymmetric nonlinearity of the wing-shaped pre-twisted blade and shroud damping nonlinear coupling influence induced by fluid excitation, and selecting different discrete units to establish different blade-rotor system simplified calculation models according to the structural characteristics of the blade-rotor system and different dynamic characteristic analysis requirements.
By way of further limitation, in the step 1), the unit operation condition is a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation Flow field under a Rated Flow condition (RFC-Rated Flow Case), and transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) generated on the blade surface is zeroRFCan be decomposed into mean pressure pAGas-liquid two-Phase Temperature Difference (PTD) induced pressure pulsation p1 ΔAnd other unsteady flow phenomena induced pressure pulsations p2 ΔI.e. by
As a further limitation, in step 1), the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation can be expressed by the following equations (2) to (10):
wherein W is the relative flow velocity of the absolute airflow flow velocity (V) and the rotor rotation speed (omega); subscripts n and m are tensor symbols relative to the direction of flow velocity; rho and H are density and entropy of the wet steam mixed phase respectively;
and liquid phase mass fraction and number of droplets per unit volume, respectively; i and gamma are respectively the nucleation rate and the growth rate of the liquid, can be given based on the classical homogeneous nucleation theory after non-isothermal correction and the liquid drop growth model after low-pressure correction,
in the formula, qcIs the evaporation coefficient; σ is the liquid surface tension at the gas phase temperature Tg; mmIs the molecular mass fraction; kbBoltzmann constant; r is the Kelvin-Helmholtz critical drop radius,
θ is a non-isothermal correction factor for the rate of droplet growth during coagulation, and
r*＝2σ/ρlRT ln S (7)
θ＝2[(γ-1)/(γ+1)](hlg/RTg)[(hlg/RTg)-0.5] (9)
wherein R is a gas constant; s ═ p/psat(Tg) At a supersaturation ratio, psat(Tg) To equilibrium saturation pressure; cpThe specific heat capacity is constant pressure. Finally, the transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) generated at any point on the blade surface in the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow process can be simplified into the relative flow velocity W and the steam specific heat (c) at the point through the formulas (2) - (9)w) Liquid phase mass fraction
Specific enthalpy of vaporization (h)lg) And a function of the internal energy (e) and density (p) of the wet steam;
as a further limitation, in step 2), according to the long twisted blade structure of the unit and the operation in the wet steam environment, a flow channel geometric model is created in a turbine blade generation module BladeGen of the finite element analysis software ANSYS, and is discretized by using a structured grid in a turbine blade cascade channel meshing dedicated module Turbogrid.
By way of further limitation, in the step 2), further discretization and grid encryption are performed at the positions with complex or abrupt structural shapes or sizes, such as the near-wall surface, the front edge and the rear edge of the blade, of the geometric model, so as to improve the analysis accuracy.
As a further limitation, in the step 3), a turbulence model is set: and calculating the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow field in the steam turbine by adopting a shear pressure transmission turbulence model which can take account of the calculation precision of the near-wall region and the calculation stability of the far-wall region.
As a further limitation, in step 3), a phase change model is set: a discrete fluid calculation domain is led into computational fluid dynamics software CFX, when working medium fluid is wet steam, a three-dimensional N-S solving module in the CFX is selected, working medium material is selected to be steam3vl, and a homogeneous nucleation model provided by the CFX is selected based on a heterogeneous nucleation theory of non-isothermal correction to carry out numerical simulation on a steady flow field and an abnormal flow field of a steam turbine.
By way of further limitation, in step 3), the flow field boundary conditions are set as follows:
1) entry boundary conditions: the method is characterized in that a speed inlet condition is selected, and a rated flow working condition is represented by setting an air inlet speed V and an air inlet angle eta.
2) Exit boundary conditions: static pressure was selected as the outlet boundary condition.
3) Interface boundary conditions: setting a Rotational Periodicity (Rotational Periodicity) boundary condition on the outer surface of the fluid calculation domain to represent the Rotational symmetry of the rotor system; the method is characterized in that a Transient mixed coordinate model is adopted on an interface of a stator blade and a rotor blade to solve the problem of unequal gap between a dynamic interface and a static interface, a stage mixed plane processing mode is adopted during the constant calculation, and a Transient frequency rotor grid processing mode is adopted for the non-constant calculation.
In the step 3), the numerical solution parameter setting includes a solver space discrete format, a time discrete format and an unsteady computation time step setting.
Specifically, the spatial dispersion is set to be a second-order windward difference format, the time dispersion is set to be a second-order backward Euler format, a Transient blade row module is selected through non-constant calculation, and the module automatically sets and calculates the time step according to the number of static/rotor blade pieces in a calculation domain.
As a further limitation, in the step 4), when the hexahedral unit discrete blade is used for the main purpose of solving the vibration response under the transient distributed pressure excitation of the blade surface and analyzing the fluid induced vibration mechanism, and when the fluid calculation domain node and the blade structure node are not in one-to-one correspondence, the inverse distance weighted interpolation method is used for mapping the transient distributed pressure on each node in the fluid calculation domain to the fluid excitation dF of the blade structure node jj(t) exciting the fluid dF according to the virtual work principlej(t) into equivalent fluid excitation of the blade hexahedral unit.
As a further limitation, in the step 4), when the main purposes of solving the periodic bifurcation equation of the system, predicting the stability of the rotor system and analyzing the instability mechanism by using the Runge-Kutta method are adopted, the discrete blades of the spatially twisted beam unit are adopted, the distributed pressures p (x, y, z, t) on the infinitesimal facets in the blade unit j are approximately uniformly distributed, and the fluid excitation df (t) on the micro-segment dx is obtained by integrating (p (x, y, z, t) dadx) along the boundary profile of the section x to the stiffness center B.
A nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation system based on flow field simulation, running on a processor or a memory, based on computational fluid dynamics software, configured to execute the following instructions:
1) establishing a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation according to the operation condition of the unit
2) According to the structure and the operation condition of the unit, simplifying a fluid calculation domain, creating a flow channel geometric model, and performing dispersion by using a structured grid;
3) leading in a scattered fluid calculation domain, setting a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters according to the operation condition of the unit, and solving the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade through flow field simulation;
4) establishing a blade-rotor system dynamic model considering two geometrical nonlinearity of deformation coupling nonlinearity between the flexible blade and the elastic rotating shaft and asymmetric nonlinearity of the wing-shaped pre-twisted blade and shroud damping nonlinear coupling influence induced by fluid excitation, and selecting different discrete units to establish different blade-rotor system simplified calculation models according to the structural characteristics of the blade-rotor system and different dynamic characteristic analysis requirements.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
the method can solve the problem that complex excitation of the rotating blade in a wet steam environment is difficult to identify through experiments. A wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation is established, reasonable fluid calculation domain, grid dispersion, phase change model, turbulence model, boundary condition and numerical value solving parameters are set by using a bladeGen, a Turbogid and a CFX module of ANSYS software, and fluid excitation suitable for different rotor system dynamic characteristic calculation requirements is obtained by using an inverse distance weighted interpolation method and an equivalent method based on a virtual work principle. The flow field simulation method provided by the disclosure can be widely applied to the fluid excitation numerical solution of the rotary machine to obtain the fluid excitation expressed in a function form, and the numerical model of the wet steam does not need to be gridded again in each iteration step, so that the calculation efficiency is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the engineering calculation precision; in the method, the non-equilibrium condensation excitation of wet steam is considered in the flow field simulation process, and the equivalent fluid excitation force of a complex structure in a wet steam complex flow field can be solved; in addition, the fluid excitation obtained by the method is convenient to extract, and can be quickly and effectively expanded into the analysis of the sensitive variable of the fluid excitation and the vibration response of the rotor system, so that the method is beneficial to efficiently optimizing the operation condition to improve the stability of the unit.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
1(a) - (c) are equivalent fluid excitations of different unit type blades of the present disclosure;
wherein, (a) is the pressure distributed on the surface of the blade, and (b) is the hexahedral unit of the blade; (c) a blade space twist beam unit;
2(a) - (b) are wet steam flow fields around the blades of the present disclosure and their flow activation diagrams;
wherein (a) is the wet steam flow field around the blade; (b) distributing pressure for the surface transient state of the blade;
FIG. 3 is a flow field computational domain grid division diagram of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a grid discrete detail view at 90% L leaf height of the fluid computation domain of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a flow field simulation based fluid excitation numerical solution method of the present disclosure;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical solving method based on flow field simulation comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation according to the operation condition of the unit;
2) according to the structure and the operation condition of a unit, a fluid calculation domain is reasonably simplified, a flow channel geometric model is created in a bladeGen of ANSYS software, a structured grid is utilized for carrying out dispersion in a special module Turbogrid for grid division of a turbine blade grid channel, and the front edge and the rear edge of a blade are further dispersed to improve the analysis precision;
3) guiding the discrete fluid calculation domain into CFX, setting a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters according to the operation condition of the unit, and solving the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade through flow field simulation by means of a mature computational fluid mechanics technology;
4) extracting a fluid excitation force function: according to the structural characteristics of a blade-rotor system and different dynamic characteristic analysis requirements, different discrete units can be selected to establish different blade-rotor system calculation models, so as to solve the vibration response under the excitation of the blade surface and analyze the fluid induced vibration mechanism as main purposes, a three-dimensional hexahedron unit discrete blade-rotor can be adopted, and the transient pressure distribution of the blade surface is equivalent to the fluid excitation suitable for different blade structural units by utilizing an inverse distance weighting interpolation method and an equivalent method based on the virtual work principle; the method is mainly used for solving a periodic bifurcation equation of the system by using a Runge-Kutta method and analyzing a destabilization mechanism of a rotor system, discrete blades of a space twisted beam unit can be adopted, and the virtual work principle is utilized to convert transient pressure distribution on the surface of the blade into equivalent fluid excitation of the space twisted beam unit of the blade.
In the step 1), under the Rated Flow working condition (RFC-Rated Flow Case), the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation Flow field generates transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) on the surface of the bladeRFCan be decomposed into mean pressure pAGas-liquid two-Phase Temperature Difference (PTD) induced pressure pulsation p1 ΔAnd other unsteady flow phenomena induced pressure pulsations p2 ΔI.e. by
In step 1), the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation can be expressed as formulas (2) to (10):
wherein W is the relative flow velocity of the absolute airflow flow velocity (V) and the rotor rotation speed (omega); subscripts n and m are tensor symbols relative to the direction of flow velocity; rho and H are density and entropy of the wet steam mixed phase respectively;
and liquid phase mass fraction and number of droplets per unit volume, respectively; i and r are respectively the nucleation rate and the growth rate of the liquidGiven by a classical homogeneous nucleation theory after non-isothermal correction and a droplet growth model after low-pressure correction,
in the formula, qcIs the evaporation coefficient; sigma is the gas phase temperature TgThe surface tension of the liquid; mmIs the molecular mass fraction; kbBoltzmann constant; r is the Kelvin-Helmholtz critical drop radius,
θ is a non-isothermal correction factor for the rate of droplet growth during coagulation, and
r*＝2σ/ρlRTlnS(7)
θ＝2[(γ-1)/(γ+1)](hlg/RTg)[(hlg/RTg)-0.5](9)
wherein R is a gas constant; s ═ p/psat(Tg) At a supersaturation ratio, psat(Tg) To equilibrium saturation pressure; cpThe specific heat capacity is constant pressure. Finally, the transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) generated at any point on the blade surface in the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow process can be simplified into the relative flow velocity W and the steam specific heat (c) at the point through the formulas (2) - (9)w) Liquid phase mass fraction
Specific enthalpy of vaporization (h)lg) And the function of the internal energy (e) and the density (p) of the wet steam
In step 2), a flow channel geometric model is created in a bladeGen of ANSYS software, a structured grid is used for discretization in a special module Turbogrid for grid division of a turbine blade grid channel, grid encryption is carried out on a position close to a wall surface in order to accurately capture flow characteristics in a boundary layer, and the front edge and the rear edge of a blade are further discretized to improve analysis accuracy.
In the step 2), the shear pressure transmission (SST) turbulence model which can take account of the near wall region calculation precision and the far wall region calculation stability is adopted by the method for calculating the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow field in the steam turbine.
In the step 3), the three-dimensional N-S solving module in the CFX is utilized, the working medium material is selected as steam3vl, and based on the non-isothermal correction homogeneous nucleation theory, a homogeneous nucleation model provided by the CFX is selected to carry out numerical simulation on the final stage steady and abnormal flow field of the steam turbine.
In step 3), the boundary conditions of the flow field of the present disclosure are set as follows:
1) entry (inflow) boundary conditions: the method is characterized in that a speed inlet condition is selected, and a rated flow working condition is represented by setting an air inlet speed V and an air inlet angle eta.
2) Egress (outflow) boundary conditions: the present embodiment selects static pressure as the outlet boundary condition.
3) Interface (Interface) boundary conditions: the method includes the steps that a Rotational Periodicity (Rotational Periodicity) boundary condition is set on the outer surface of a fluid calculation domain to represent the Rotational symmetry of a rotor system; the method is characterized in that a Transient mixed coordinate model is adopted on an interface of a stator blade and a rotor blade to solve the problem of unequal gap between a dynamic interface and a static interface, a stage mixed plane processing mode is adopted during the constant calculation, and a Transient frequency rotor grid processing mode is adopted for the non-constant calculation.
In the step 3), the numerical solution setting mainly comprises a solver space discrete format, a time discrete format and an unsteady computation time step setting. The method has the advantages that the solving precision, the solving stability and the solving time are taken into consideration, the space dispersion is set to be a second-order windward difference format, the time dispersion is a second-order backward Euler format, a Transient blade row module is selected through non-constant calculation, and the module can automatically set the calculation time step length according to the number of the static/rotor blade pieces in the calculation domain.
In the step 4), for the blade adopting the three-dimensional hexahedron unit dispersion, the nodes of the fluid calculation domain and the structural nodes of the blade may not be in one-to-one correspondence, and the transient distribution pressure (p) on each node in the fluid calculation domain is subjected to inverse distance weighting interpolationi(x, y, z, t)) is mapped to the fluid excitation dF of the blade (solid) structure node jj(t) is represented by the formula (11). Then, according to the principle of virtual work, dF is converted by the formula (12)j(t) conversion to equivalent fluid excitation of the blade hexahedral unit j
In the formula, pi(x, y, z, t) and diCalculating the transient pressure on a domain node i (discrete point) and the distance between the transient pressure and a blade structure node j (interpolation point) for the fluid respectively; n is the number of discrete points, and n is 4;
is a type function of the blade hexahedral unit j.
In step 4), for the discrete blade adopting the space twisted beam unit, setting that the distributed pressure p (x, y, z, t) on the infinite micro-surface (dadx) in the blade unit j is approximately and uniformly distributed, the fluid excitation dF (t) on the micro-section dx can be obtained by integrating (p (x, y, z, t) dadx) to the rigidity center B along the boundary contour of the section x
dF(t)＝[0 dFy dFz dM 0 0]T (13)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
according to the virtual work principle, the dF (t) is converted into equivalent fluid excitation of a blade space twist beam unit j through an equation (17)
In the formula, dFy, dFz and dM are respectively a tangential component, an axial component and torque of fluid excitation acting on a blade micro-section dx under a rated working condition; da is the infinitesimal arc length of the blade profile in cross-section x; α is the angle between da and the axis (z); lejThe length of the blade space twist beam element j;
is a type function of the blade space twist beam element j.
In summary, under the rated flow working condition, after the transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) is obtained, for different rotor system dynamic characteristic calculation requirements, for the blade three-dimensional hexahedron unit suitable for the system fluid vibration-inducing mechanism analysis, the reverse distance interpolation is performed on p (x, y, z, t), and then the conversion is performed, so as to obtain the equivalent fluid excitation force of the blade hexahedron unit j
For a blade space twist beam unit suitable for system stability analysis, p (x, y, z, t) is substituted for equations (13) - (1)6) Then the equivalent fluid excitation force of the blade space twist beam unit j is obtained by conversion of the formula (17)
As a specific embodiment, for the flow field calculation domain shown in fig. 1(b), a flow channel geometric model including two stator blades and three rotor blades is created in BladeGen of ANSYS software, and discretization is performed by using a structured grid in a turbine blade grid channel grid division dedicated module Turbogrid (as in fig. 3), grid encryption is performed at a near-wall surface in order to accurately capture flow characteristics in a boundary layer, and front and rear edges of the blades are discretized by using H/JC/L type topological grids (as in fig. 4) to improve analysis accuracy.
Setting turbulence and phase change models:
1) turbulence model
The nucleation heat release in the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flowing process causes the boundary layer of the near-wall region to be disturbed, thereby generating various shock waves, greatly intensifying the complexity of the flow field, in addition, calculating the transient distribution pressure of the blade surface, and having high requirements on the precision of the calculation result of the near-wall region. The SST k-omega model mixes the deformation growth theory of the k-model on the basis of a standard k-omega model, adopts the k-omega model near the wall surface, is sensitive to the adverse pressure gradient, is suitable for simulating separation flow with a larger scale, adopts the k-model far from the wall surface, and has higher stability.
2) Phase change model
The wet steam unbalanced/balanced condensation flow module built in the ANSYS CFX has stronger processing capacity on the three-dimensional condensation flow of the wet steam, provides the wet steam which is suitable for the characterization of steam3vl materials with the temperature of 273-550K and the pressure of 0.100-200 kPa according to the international standard IAPWS-IF97 of steam thermal property, and the numerical calculation precision of the wet steam is widely verified. A three-dimensional N-S solving module in CFX is utilized, a working medium material is selected as steam3vl, based on a non-isothermal correction homogeneous nucleation theory, a homogeneous nucleation model provided by CFX is selected, and numerical simulation is carried out on a final stage steady and abnormal flow field of the steam turbine.
Setting boundary conditions and numerical solution:
the boundary condition refers to an initial condition that should be satisfied by the solution of the equation set on the motion boundary of the flow field, and the flow field boundary condition is a key part of the CFX analysis simulation calculation. The flow field boundary conditions of this embodiment are set as follows:
1) entry (inflow) boundary conditions: calculating the transient distribution pressure of the surface of the blade under the rated flow working condition requires carrying out numerical simulation on the wet steam unbalanced condensation flow field under the constant air inlet speed V and the air inlet angle eta, selecting the speed inlet condition, and representing the rated flow working condition by setting the air inlet speed V and the air inlet angle eta.
2) Egress (outflow) boundary conditions: various outlet boundary conditions are provided in the CFX, such as static pressure (static pressure) outlets, total pressure (total pressure) outlets, and velocity/flow outlets, among others. The outlet back pressure (i.e., static pressure) determined first in the design process of the steam turbine generally does not change with the working conditions, so the embodiment selects the static pressure as the outlet boundary condition.
3) Interface (Interface) boundary conditions: the method includes the steps that a Rotational Periodicity (Rotational Periodicity) boundary condition is set on the outer surface of a fluid calculation domain to represent the Rotational symmetry of a rotor system; the method is characterized in that a Transient mixed coordinate model is adopted on an interface of a stator blade and a rotor blade to solve the problem of unequal gap between a dynamic interface and a static interface, a stage mixed plane processing mode is adopted during the constant calculation, and a Transient frequency rotor grid processing mode is adopted for the non-constant calculation.
The numerical value solving parameter setting mainly comprises a solver space discrete format, a time discrete format and unsteady calculation time step setting. In the embodiment, the solving precision, the solving stability and the solving time are taken into consideration, the space dispersion is set to be a second-order windward difference format, the time dispersion is set to be a second-order backward Euler format, a Transient blade row module is selected in the unsteady calculation, and the module can automatically set the calculation time step length according to the number of the static/rotor blade pieces in the calculation domain.
Under the working condition of rated flow, after transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) is obtained, the calculation requirements of dynamic characteristics of different rotor systems are met, for a blade three-dimensional hexahedron unit suitable for system fluid vibration-inducing mechanical analysis, reverse distance interpolation is carried out on p (x, y, z, t) based on formula (11), then formula (12) is used for conversion, and the equivalent fluid excitation force of the blade hexahedron unit j is obtained
For the blade space twisted beam unit suitable for system stability analysis, p (x, y, z, t) is substituted into the formulas (13) - (16) and then converted by the formula (17), so that the equivalent fluid excitation force of the blade space twisted beam unit j is obtained
In conclusion, by setting a fluid calculation domain, grid dispersion, a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters, transient pressure distribution on the surface of the blade can be obtained based on flow field simulation, and fluid excitation suitable for dynamic characteristic calculation requirements of different rotor systems can be obtained by using an inverse distance weighted interpolation method and an equivalent method based on a virtual work principle.
The flow field simulation method provided by the invention can be widely applied to the fluid excitation numerical solution of the rotary machine to obtain the fluid excitation expressed in a function form, and the numerical model of the wet steam does not need to be gridded again in each iteration step, so that the calculation efficiency is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the engineering calculation precision; in the flow field simulation process, the non-equilibrium condensation excitation of wet steam is considered, and the equivalent fluid excitation force of a complex structure in a wet steam complex flow field can be solved; the fluid excitation force obtained by the method is convenient to extract, can be quickly and effectively expanded and applied to the analysis of the sensitive variable of the fluid excitation and the vibration response of the rotor system, and is beneficial to efficiently optimizing the running condition so as to improve the stability of the unit;
due to the limitation of experimental technology and level, the fluid excitation force generated by a wet steam flow field on a large-scale steam turbine set rotating blade cannot be directly measured under the actual operation condition, so that the accuracy of a fluid excitation solving result cannot be directly verified through an experiment of the whole scale. In contrast, an indirect verification method commonly applied at present is adopted, namely, the accuracy of the numerical solution method is verified by utilizing the existing experimental data. The accuracy of the fluid excitation numerical solving method based on flow field simulation provided by the invention is verified by the classical experimental data of the condensation flow of the wet steam. According to the classic experiment of White, a 660MW steam turbine low-pressure cylinder penultimate stator blade is taken as a prototype, according to the characteristic that the aspect ratio (blade height/axial chord length) of the blade is small, the radial (along the blade height direction) freedom degree of the blade is ignored, the blade is equivalent to a two-dimensional plane blade represented by a middle section (mid-span) of the blade, and the surface distribution pressure of the blade in a wet steam condensation flow field and the shock wave distribution in a flow channel are obtained through experimental measurement and laser photography. Accordingly, the verification process of the invention is as follows:
1) a grid division module ICEM in ANSYS is used for dividing a fluid calculation domain around a White blade by adopting an H-O type structured grid, grid encryption is carried out on a wake flow region and a near blade wall surface, the wall surface is set to be a non-slip heat insulation condition, periodic boundary conditions are set on two sides of the circumferential direction of a blade grid, and inlet and outlet boundary conditions are defined by parameters shown in a table.
TABLE 1White two-dimensional plane cascade wet steam flow experiment boundary conditions
2) Numerical simulation is performed on the condensation flow of the wet steam around the blade according to the steps in the calculation flow shown in fig. 5, the distribution pressure of the blade surface obtained by numerical calculation is compared and analyzed with the classical experiment data of White, and the results show that the numerical simulation results are well matched with the experiment data, the sudden pressure increase caused by nucleation and heat release near the relative axial chord length of 65 percent (0.65Nc) of the suction surface of the blade can be accurately captured, and the numerical simulation pressure value (p/p) at the measuring point00.51) and White Experimental data (p/p)00.525) is 2.18 percent and is lower than the allowable engineering error (5 percent), and the fluid excitation numerical solution based on the flow field simulation, which is provided by the invention, is verifiedAccuracy of the method. Meanwhile, the pressure distribution curve obtained by the numerical simulation method provided by the invention can better reflect the change rule and the general trend of different details, and can make up for the defects of a limited number of test points and the distribution arrangement thereof in an experimental test to a certain extent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation according to the operation condition of the unit;
2) according to the structure and the operation condition of the unit, simplifying a fluid calculation domain, creating a flow channel geometric model, and performing dispersion by using a structured grid;
3) leading in a scattered fluid calculation domain, setting a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters according to the operation condition of the unit, and solving the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade through flow field simulation;
4) establishing a blade-rotor system dynamic model considering two geometric nonlinearity of deformation coupling nonlinearity between a flexible blade and an elastic rotating shaft and asymmetric nonlinearity of an airfoil pre-twisted blade and shroud damping nonlinear coupling influence induced by fluid excitation, and selecting different discrete units to establish different blade-rotor system simplified calculation models according to the structural characteristics of the blade-rotor system and different dynamic characteristic analysis requirements;
when the vibration response under the transient distribution pressure excitation of the surface of the blade and the fluid induced vibration mechanism analysis are mainly used for solving the vibration response and analyzing the fluid induced vibration mechanism, the hexahedral unit discrete blade is adopted, and the nodes of the fluid calculation domain and the structural nodes of the blade are not in one-to-one correspondence, the inverse distance weighting interpolation method is adopted to map the transient distribution pressure on each node in the fluid calculation domain into the fluid excitation dF of the structural node j of the bladej(t) exciting the fluid dF according to the virtual work principlej(t) conversion to equivalent fluid excitation of the blade hexahedral unit;
when the Runge-Kutta method is used for mainly solving a periodic bifurcation equation of a system, predicting the stability of a rotor system and analyzing a destabilization mechanism, distributed pressures p (x, y, z and t) on an infinite micro-surface in a blade unit j are approximately uniformly distributed by adopting a spatially twisted beam unit discrete blade, and fluid excitation dF (t) on a micro-section dx is obtained by integrating p (x, y, z and t) dadx to a rigidity center B along a boundary profile of a section x.
2. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 1), the unit operation condition is a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow field under a rated flow condition, and transient distribution pressure p (x, y, z, t) generated on the surface of the blade is ventilatedRFDecomposed into mean pressure pAGas-liquid two-phase temperature difference induced pressure pulsation p1 ΔAnd other unsteady flow phenomena induced pressure pulsations p2 Δ。
3. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 1), a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation is established, and finally a transient pressure expression is simplified into a relative flow rate W and a steam specific heat cwLiquid phase mass fraction
Specific enthalpy of evaporation hlgAnd the expression of the internal energy e and the density p of the wet steam.
4. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 2), according to the long twisted blade structure of the unit and the operation in the wet steam environment, a flow channel geometric model is created in a turbine blade generation module bladeGen of finite element analysis software ANSYS, and a structured grid is utilized for dispersion in a special module Turbogrid for grid division of a turbine blade grid channel.
5. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 2), further dispersing and grid encrypting are carried out at the positions of the near wall surface of the geometric model, the complex shape or size of the front edge structure and the rear edge structure of the blade or the sudden change of the shape or size of the blade, so as to improve the analysis precision.
6. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 3), a turbulence model is set: and calculating the wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow field in the steam turbine by adopting a shear pressure transmission turbulence model which can take account of the calculation precision of the near-wall region and the calculation stability of the far-wall region.
7. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 3), a phase change model is set: a discrete fluid calculation domain is led into computational fluid dynamics software CFX, when working medium fluid is wet steam, a three-dimensional N-S solving module in the CFX is selected, working medium material is selected to be steam3vl, and a homogeneous nucleation model provided by the CFX is selected based on a heterogeneous nucleation theory of non-isothermal correction to carry out numerical simulation on a steady flow field and an abnormal flow field of a steam turbine.
8. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 3), the boundary conditions of the flow field are set as follows:
1) entry boundary conditions: selecting a speed inlet condition, and representing a rated flow working condition by setting an air inlet speed V and an air inlet angle eta;
2) exit boundary conditions: selecting static pressure as an outlet boundary condition;
3) interface boundary conditions: setting a rotation periodicity boundary condition on the outer surface of the fluid calculation domain to represent the rotation symmetry of the rotor system; the method is characterized in that a Transient mixed coordinate model is adopted on an interface of a stator blade and a rotor blade to solve the problem of unequal gap between a dynamic interface and a static interface, a stage mixed plane processing mode is adopted during the constant calculation, and a Transient frequency rotor grid processing mode is adopted for the non-constant calculation.
9. The nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation method based on flow field simulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: in the step 3), the numerical solution parameter setting comprises a solver space discrete format, a time discrete format and an unsteady computation time step setting;
setting space dispersion as a second-order windward difference format and time dispersion as a second-order backward Euler format, selecting a Transient blade row module by unsteady calculation, and automatically setting and calculating time step length by the module according to the number of static/rotor blade pieces in a calculation domain.
10. A nuclear/thermal power turboset fluid excitation numerical calculation system based on flow field simulation is characterized in that: executing on a processor or memory, based on computational fluid dynamics software, configured to execute the following instructions:
1) establishing a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow control equation according to the operation condition of the unit;
2) according to the structure and the operation condition of the unit, simplifying a fluid calculation domain, creating a flow channel geometric model, and performing dispersion by using a structured grid;
3) leading in a scattered fluid calculation domain, setting a phase change model, a turbulence model, boundary conditions and numerical solving parameters according to the operation condition of the unit, and solving the transient distribution pressure on the surface of the blade through flow field simulation;
4) establishing a blade-rotor system dynamic model considering two geometric nonlinearity of deformation coupling nonlinearity between a flexible blade and an elastic rotating shaft and asymmetric nonlinearity of an airfoil pre-twisted blade and shroud damping nonlinear coupling influence induced by fluid excitation, and selecting different discrete units to establish different blade-rotor system simplified calculation models according to the structural characteristics of the blade-rotor system and different dynamic characteristic analysis requirements;
when the vibration response under the transient distribution pressure excitation of the surface of the blade and the fluid induced vibration mechanism analysis are mainly used for solving the vibration response and analyzing the fluid induced vibration mechanism, the hexahedral unit discrete blade is adopted, and the nodes of the fluid calculation domain and the structural nodes of the blade are not in one-to-one correspondence, the inverse distance weighting interpolation method is adopted to map the transient distribution pressure on each node in the fluid calculation domain into the fluid excitation dF of the structural node j of the bladej(t) exciting the fluid dF according to the virtual work principlej(t) conversion to equivalent fluid excitation of the blade hexahedral unit;
when the Runge-Kutta method is used for mainly solving a periodic bifurcation equation of a system, predicting the stability of a rotor system and analyzing a destabilization mechanism, distributed pressures p (x, y, z and t) on an infinite micro-surface in a blade unit j are approximately uniformly distributed by adopting a spatially twisted beam unit discrete blade, and fluid excitation dF (t) on a micro-section dx is obtained by integrating p (x, y, z and t) dadx to a rigidity center B along a boundary profile of a section x.
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