CN108359909B - Method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and aging process - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and aging process Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and discloses a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through strip casting and rolling and an aging process. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) smelting molten steel with qualified components and hoisting the molten steel to a ladle turret; (2) pouring molten steel into a specially designed tundish; (3) the molten steel flows into a gap between the double rollers to start solidification and is cast and rolled; (4) carrying out on-line hot rolling and cooling on the cast strip blank, and then cutting off the head and the tail; (5) coiling strip steel; (6) and (5) carrying out aging treatment after uncoiling. The invention can greatly shorten the process flow and the production time, greatly reduce the energy consumption and improve the productivity. Compared with the prior martensitic steel thin strip for automobiles, the method combines the optimized design of microalloy components with the rapid solidification characteristic of a thin strip casting and rolling process, and further improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the martensitic steel through subsequent aging treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and aging processes. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an economical thin strip of maraging steel having a tensile strength of 1200 to 2000MPa, a yield strength above 900MPa and an elongation of 9-20%.
Background
The martensite steel for the automobile is an important representative of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), the core strengthening mechanism of the martensite steel lies in a martensite lath structure, the corresponding tensile strength range is generally within the range of 1000-1500MPa, and the martensite steel is mainly used for vehicle body side collision protection, safety parts such as bumpers and the like. The production process of the martensite steel thin strip at present generally comprises the steps of heating a cold-rolled plate coil on a continuous annealing line to an austenite phase region, and then quenching to form martensite. The thin strip of martensitic steel obtained by this route has high strength but limited plasticity, preventing further use of the steel in automotive construction.
Compared with the continuous casting process widely applied to the current steel industrial production, the double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process is a novel green and environment-friendly production process technology, has the advantages of obviously reducing production energy consumption, being less in construction investment, small in occupied area, high in production efficiency and the like, and is valued in various industrially developed countries. The U.S. New York Steel company established a commercial production line Castip of the world's first thin strip cast-rolled carbon steel in 2002, and currently, the thin strip of carbon steel is taken as a main product. The process technology has the advantages of energy conservation and consumption reduction, and also has product technical characteristics which are not possessed by the continuous casting process. The process can complete the process from the molten steel to the solid thin strip in a short time, realizes the preparation from liquid metal to the solid thin plate in the process of the crystallization and solidification of the molten steel, has the solidification and cooling rate of over 1000 ℃/s, obviously inhibits the solidification segregation, and most of solid-dissolved alloy elements can not be precipitated from a matrix because of insufficient time. Therefore, the twin-roll casting process not only has the process advantages, but also brings new possibility for developing new steel material structure and performance due to the characteristics of rapid solidification and cooling.
The invention fully utilizes the technical characteristic of rapid solidification of a strip casting-rolling process, redesigns and optimizes the components of the martensitic steel, and fully utilizes V, Nb microalloying, so that micro alloy elements such as V, Nb and the like are still dissolved in martensite after casting-rolling coiling, and then fine and dispersed nano (V, Nb) (C, N) particles are precipitated in subsequent aging treatment, thus the strength of the martensitic steel is not reduced or even can be improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity is obviously improved. Under the same specification thickness, the maraging steel thin strip produced by the thin strip casting and rolling process not only greatly reduces the production cost due to the shortened working procedure and the reduced energy consumption compared with the traditional cold-rolled martensite steel thin strip; meanwhile, the comprehensive mechanical property of the steel is further improved, so that the further application of the steel in automobiles is expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention belongs to the technical problem to be solved, and discloses a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and an aging process, so that the process time can be shortened, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the maraging steel is further improved through component optimization.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting the qualified molten steel, hoisting the molten steel to a ladle turret, and calming for 15-25 min.
(2) Pouring molten steel into a large tundish: and blowing argon into the tundish for 10-20min to drive out air in the tundish, injecting the molten steel into the tundish through a long nozzle, controlling the superheat degree to be 30-60 ℃, and adding a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel for heat preservation and impurity adsorption.
(3) Double-roll casting: and (3) pouring the molten steel of the tundish in the step (2) into a small tundish below, supplying the molten steel to a twin-roll strip caster, pouring the molten steel in the small tundish between twin rolls by adopting an immersion nozzle, controlling the drawing speed to be 80-120m/min, adjusting the distance between the twin rolls to be 1.5-5mm, and producing the maraging steel strip with the thickness of 2-4 mm. In order to prevent the scale from forming on the surface of the thin strip, an atmosphere sealed area is formed from the lower small tundish to a casting and rolling area, and the atmosphere is protected by argon or nitrogen.
(4) Hot rolling of the strip blank: and (4) carrying out hot rolling on the thin strip prepared in the step (3), wherein the rolling reduction of the cast-rolled strip on-line hot rolling equipment is between 30 and 50 percent, and the finishing temperature is controlled to be higher than 900 ℃. The thickness of the hot rolled strip steel is 1-3mm, the hot rolled thin strip is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a fog water cooling device, and then the strip steel is conveyed to a shearing machine through a pull roll to be cut off from the head and the tail.
(5) Strip steel curling: and (4) coiling the thin strip obtained in the step (4) on line to obtain a finished thin strip steel coil.
(6) Aging treatment: and (4) uncoiling the martensitic steel thin strip coil obtained in the step (5), and heating to a certain temperature between 250 ℃ and 600 ℃ in a heating furnace for aging for 1-10min to obtain a final maraging steel thin strip product.
2. The molten steel obtained in the step (1) comprises the chemical components of 0.1-0.3 wt% of C, 0.5-2.5 wt% of Mn, 0.05-0.8 wt% of Si, 0.05-0.8 wt% of Mo, 0.01-0.3 wt% of V, 0.01-0.09 wt% of Nb, 0.1-0.8 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. And (3) adopting double tundishes in the steps (2) and (3), wherein the surface of molten steel in the small tundish below is free from protective slag, so that slag is not brought in during solidification between the rollers.
4. The pressure of the argon or the nitrogen in the step (3) is 0.2-0.3 MPa.
5. The main structures of the step (6) are tempered martensite and carbide, and a small amount of ferrite, bainite and deformation structures can be included.
6. The yield strength of the martensitic steel plate prepared in the step (6) is more than or equal to 900MPa, the tensile strength is in the range of 1200MPa to 2000MPa, and the total elongation is 9-20%.
7. Similar properties or further improved properties can be obtained by adding one or more of the following elements to the cast ingot or billet obtained in step (1): 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of Ni, 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of Cu, 0.002 to 0.25 weight percent of [ N ], 0.001 to 0.004 weight percent of B, 0.002 to 0.005 weight percent of RE and 0.005 to 0.03 weight percent of Ca. The addition of Ni can further improve the hardenability or low-temperature impact toughness of the steel; the addition of Cu or the like improves the strength of the steel by precipitation strengthening; the addition of [ N ] regulates the stability of austenite.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process is different from the traditional continuous casting and hot rolling technology, the production flow of the process is shorter, the efficiency is higher, a series of intermediate process steps in the traditional strip steel production are avoided, the product specification is thin, the production energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emission can be obviously reduced, and therefore the process is more environment-friendly. Under the same specification thickness, the maraging steel thin strip produced by the thin strip casting and rolling process not only greatly reduces the production cost due to the shortened working procedure and the reduced energy consumption compared with the traditional cold-rolled martensite steel thin strip; meanwhile, the V, Nb microalloying of the martensitic steel is combined with the rapid solidification and cooling characteristics of the strip casting process, so that (V, Nb) (C, N) nano-phases can be separated out in the aging process, the plasticity is improved while the strength is maintained to be not reduced, the comprehensive mechanical property of the martensitic steel strip is further improved, and the further application of the steel in automobiles is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and aging processes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) hoisting the molten steel with qualified components to a ladle turret: and hoisting the maraging steel molten steel refined by the LF ladle to a ladle turret, and calming for 15-25 min.
(2) Pouring molten steel into a large tundish: and blowing argon into the tundish for 20min to drive out air in the tundish, injecting the molten steel into the tundish through a long nozzle, controlling the superheat degree to be 30-60 ℃, and adding a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel for heat preservation and impurity adsorption.
(3) Double-roll casting: and (3) pouring the molten steel of the tundish in the step (2) into a small tundish below, supplying the molten steel to a twin-roll strip caster, pouring the molten steel in the small tundish between the twin rolls by adopting an immersion nozzle, and controlling the drawing speed at 90m/min to produce the maraging steel strip with the thickness of 2.5 mm. In order to prevent the surface of the thin strip from forming iron scale, the produced thin strip is protected by argon atmosphere.
(4) Hot rolling of the strip blank: and (4) carrying out hot rolling on the thin strip prepared in the step (3), wherein the rolling reduction of the cast-rolled strip on-line hot rolling equipment is 50%, and the finishing temperature is controlled to be higher than 900 ℃. The thickness of the hot rolled strip is 1.3mm, the hot rolled thin strip is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a fog water cooling device, and then the strip is conveyed to a shearing machine through a pull roll to be cut off from the head and the tail.
(5) Strip steel curling: and (4) performing on-line curling on the thin strip obtained in the step (4), and coiling by two coiling machines to obtain a finished thin strip steel coil.
(6) Aging treatment: and (4) uncoiling the martensitic steel thin strip coil obtained in the step (5), and performing aging treatment for 3-10min in a heating furnace at a temperature controlled between 250 ℃ and 600 ℃ to obtain a final maraging steel thin strip product.
Examples
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of maraging steel sheet
| Examples | C | Si | Mn | Mo | Cr | V | Nb | Fe |
| 1 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 1.65 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.03 | Rest |
| 2 | 0.23 | 0.49 | 2.25 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.07 | Rest |
Example 1
The experiment of this example was carried out using the chemical composition shown in example 1 of Table 1, with the following steps:
(1) hoisting the molten steel with qualified components to a ladle turret: and (4) hoisting the maraging steel molten steel refined by the LF ladle to a ladle turret, and calming for 20 min.
(2) Pouring molten steel into a large tundish: and blowing argon into the tundish for 15min to drive out air in the tundish, injecting the molten steel into the tundish from the ladle through the long nozzle, controlling the superheat degree to be 40 ℃, and adding a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel for heat preservation and impurity adsorption.
(3) Double-roll casting: and (3) pouring the molten steel of the tundish in the step (2) into a small tundish below, supplying the molten steel to a twin-roll strip caster, pouring the molten steel in the small tundish between twin rolls by adopting an immersion nozzle, controlling the drawing speed to be 100m/min, controlling the distance between the twin rolls to be about 2.5mm, and producing the maraging steel strip with the thickness of 2 mm. In order to prevent the surface of the thin strip from forming iron scale, the produced thin strip is protected by argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
(4) Hot rolling of the strip blank: and (4) carrying out hot rolling on the thin strip prepared in the step (3), wherein the online hot rolling reduction of the cast-rolled strip is 30%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 950 ℃. The thickness of the hot rolled strip is 1.4mm, the hot rolled thin strip is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a fog water cooling device, and then the strip is conveyed to a shearing machine through a pull roll to be cut off from the head and the tail.
(5) Strip steel curling: and (4) performing on-line curling on the thin strip obtained in the step (4), and coiling by two coiling machines to obtain a finished thin strip steel coil.
(6) Aging treatment: and (3) uncoiling the martensitic steel thin strip coil obtained in the step (5), and aging for 1-10min in a heating furnace at the temperature of 250-600 ℃, wherein the mechanical properties of the obtained final maraging steel thin strip product are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
The experiment of this example was carried out using the chemical composition shown in example 2 of Table 1, with the following steps:
(1) hoisting the molten steel with qualified components to a ladle turret: and (4) hoisting the maraging steel molten steel refined by the LF ladle to a ladle turret, and calming for 20 min.
(2) Pouring molten steel into a large tundish: and blowing argon into the tundish for 20min to drive out air in the tundish, injecting the molten steel into the tundish from the ladle through the long nozzle, controlling the superheat degree to be 60 ℃, and adding a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel for heat preservation and impurity adsorption.
(3) Double-roll casting: and (3) pouring the molten steel of the tundish in the step (2) into a small tundish below, supplying the molten steel to a twin-roll strip caster, pouring the molten steel in the small tundish between the twin rolls by adopting an immersion nozzle, and controlling the drawing speed at 90m/min to produce the maraging steel strip with the thickness of 1.8 mm. In order to prevent the surface of the thin strip from forming iron scale, the produced thin strip is protected by argon atmosphere.
(4) Hot rolling of the strip blank: and (4) carrying out hot rolling on the thin strip prepared in the step (3), wherein the online hot rolling reduction of the cast-rolled strip is 30%, and the finishing rolling temperature is controlled to be higher than 900 ℃. The thickness of the hot rolled strip is 1.3mm, the hot rolled thin strip is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a fog water cooling device, and then the strip is conveyed to a shearing machine through a pull roll to be cut off from the head and the tail.
(5) Strip steel curling: and (4) performing on-line curling on the thin strip obtained in the step (4), and coiling by two coiling machines to obtain a finished thin strip steel coil.
(6) Aging treatment: and (3) after the martensitic steel thin strip coil obtained in the step (5) is uncoiled, ageing is carried out for 3-10min in a heating furnace at a certain temperature of between 250 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the mechanical properties of the final maraging steel thin strip product are shown in Table 2.
The mechanical properties of the thin strip cast-rolled maraging steel prepared in the examples 1 and 2 are shown in table 2, and it can be seen that the excellent properties are realized by the current process and component design, that is, under the relatively economic alloy component design, the tensile strength of the thin strip is within the range of 1200MPa-2000MPa, the yield strength is above 900MPa, the elongation is within the range of 9-20%, and the plasticity of the thin strip is obviously superior to that of the existing martensitic steel thin strip under the same strength level.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the strip cast maraging steels in examples 1 and 2
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and the related modifications and decorations should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel through thin strip casting and rolling and aging processes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) smelting qualified molten steel, wherein the chemical components of the molten steel comprise 0.1-0.3 wt% of C, 0.5-2.5 wt% of Mn, 0.05-0.8 wt% of Si, 0.05-0.8 wt% of Mo, 0.01-0.3 wt% of V, 0.01-0.09 wt% of Nb, 0.1-0.8 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Hoisting the large bale to a bale rotary table, and calming for 15-25 min;
(2) pouring molten steel into a large tundish: blowing argon into the tundish for 10-20min to drive out air in the tundish, injecting molten steel into the tundish from a ladle through a long nozzle, controlling the superheat degree to be 30-60 ℃, and adding a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel for heat preservation and impurity adsorption;
(3) double-roll casting: pouring the molten steel of the tundish in the step (2) into a small tundish below, supplying the molten steel to a twin-roll strip caster, pouring the molten steel in the small tundish between twin rolls by adopting an immersion nozzle, controlling the drawing speed to be 80-120m/min, adjusting the distance between the twin rolls to be 1.5-5mm, and producing the maraging steel strip with the thickness of 2-4 mm; in order to prevent the surface of the thin strip from forming iron scale, an atmosphere sealed area is formed from a small tundish below to a casting and rolling area, and the atmosphere is protected by argon or nitrogen; the pressure of argon or nitrogen is 0.2-0.3 MPa;
(4) hot rolling of the strip blank: carrying out hot rolling on the thin strip prepared in the step (3), wherein the rolling reduction of the cast-rolled strip on-line hot rolling equipment is between 30 and 50 percent, and the finishing temperature is controlled to be higher than 900 ℃; the thickness of the hot rolled strip steel is 1-3mm, the hot rolled thin strip is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a fog water cooling device, and then the strip steel is conveyed to a shearing machine through a pull roll to be cut off from the head and the tail;
(5) strip steel curling: coiling the thin strip obtained in the step (4) on line to obtain a finished thin strip steel coil;
(6) aging treatment: uncoiling the martensitic steel thin strip coil obtained in the step (5), heating the coil in a heating furnace to a certain temperature between 250 ℃ and 600 ℃ for aging for 1-10min, and obtaining a final maraging steel thin strip product; the main tissues of the product are tempered martensite and carbide, and can also comprise a small amount of ferrite, bainite and deformation tissues; the yield strength is more than or equal to 900MPa, the tensile strength is in the range of 1200MPa to 2000MPa, and the total elongation is 9-20%.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength martensitic steel through the thin strip casting and aging process according to the claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) adopting double tundishes in the steps (2) and (3), wherein the surface of molten steel in the small tundish below is free from protective slag, so that slag is not brought in during solidification between the rollers.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength martensitic steel through the thin strip casting and aging process according to the claim 1, characterized in that: similar properties or further improved properties can be obtained by adding one or more of the following elements to the cast ingot or billet obtained in step (1): 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of Ni, 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of Cu, 0.002 to 0.25 weight percent of [ N ], 0.001 to 0.004 weight percent of B, 0.002 to 0.005 weight percent of RE and 0.005 to 0.03 weight percent of Ca; the addition of Ni can further improve the hardenability or low-temperature impact toughness of the steel; the addition of Cu or the like improves the strength of the steel by precipitation strengthening; the addition of [ N ] regulates the stability of austenite.
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| US10337079B2 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2019-07-02 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Maraging steel |
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| CN107186184A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-22 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of martensitic stain less steel double roll strip casting rolling production process |
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