CN108250493A - 一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,首先将一定量的淀粉溶解、糊化,然后加入谷朊粉溶解液混合搅拌均匀,再加入增强剂、植物蜡、乳化剂和增塑剂,进行加热、保温、均质、脱气、定量倒模,最后进行干燥,即可获得一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜。本发明具有工艺简单易工业化,成本低,成膜性好,膜强度高,且具有保健性,能满足方便面、咖啡、面包、糕点、糖果等其它食品内包装的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品内包装材料领域,特别适用于一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
在食品内包装领域,相比较其它纸类和塑料内包装,可食性包装膜具有无可比拟的优势,它具有可食、卫生、环保、方便等特性。但因为传统的工艺及配方的局限,使得制备的可食性包装膜存在一些局限性,比如:采用的基料和助剂价格较高或用量较大,造成成本提高,在当前食品行业利润率普遍不高的前提下,生产厂家难以接受;所制备的膜强度不够、热封性不好、透明度不高等原因,导致可食性膜的应用空间和范围变小,不能大规模生产利用。
谷朊粉又称活性面筋粉、小麦面筋蛋白,是从小麦(面粉)中提取出来的天然蛋白质,呈淡黄色,蛋白质含量高达 75%~85%,是营养丰富的植物蛋白资源。具有粘性、弹性、延伸性、成膜性和吸脂性,具有优良的成膜与可塑性加工特性,在生物降解塑料与新复合材料方面极具发展潜力。如在专利申请号200610018534.2大豆蛋白纳米复合塑料及其制备方法中公开了采用纳米二氧化硅与大豆蛋白复合,提高大豆蛋白塑料力学性能的方法,将大豆蛋白与二氧化硅分散于水中,冷冻干燥后在密炼机中与甘油混合,然后模压成型。
淀粉可以看作是葡萄糖的高聚体。淀粉除食用外,工业上用于制糊精、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、酒精等,也用于调制印花浆、纺织品的上浆、纸张的上胶、药物片剂的压制等。可由玉米、甘薯、野生橡子和葛根等含淀粉的物质中提取而得。淀粉是无色无味,加热后是透明的液体。分子式是(C6H10O5)n,水解到二糖阶段为麦芽糖,化学式是(C12H22O11),完全水解后得到葡萄糖,化学式是(C6H12O6 )。淀粉可分为直链淀粉(糖淀粉)和支链淀粉(胶淀粉)。直链淀粉是D-葡萄糖基以a-(1,4)糖苷键连接的多糖链,分子中有200个左右葡萄糖基,分子量1~2×105,聚合度990,空间构象卷曲成螺旋形,每一回转为6个葡萄糖基。
直链淀粉具有成膜性和强度很好,粘附性和稳定性较支链淀粉差;而直链淀粉具有近似纤维的性能,用直链淀粉制成的薄膜,具有好的透明度、柔韧性、抗张强度和水不溶性,可应用于密封材料、包装材料和耐水耐压材料的生产。
在国内,其应用价值迄今为止,尚未得到研究者及开发者的重视。本发明采用的直链淀粉制备的可食性内包装膜较现有的食品内包装膜的制备相比较,具有工艺简单、成本低、成膜性好、抗水性强,膜机械强度高,且具有一定的保健性,能满足方便面、咖啡、面包、糕点、糖果等其它食品内包装的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在以往可食性包装膜生产成本较高,膜机械强度较低,进一步改进强度、提高膜的保健性和降低成本,以使可食性包装膜的应用扩大化,更加有利于工业化大规模生产,能满足方便面、咖啡、面包、糕点、糖果等其它食品内包装的要求。
本发明技术方案如下:
(1)在带有加热搅拌装置的容器中加入一定量的淀粉,分别加热进行溶解20~40min,溶解完全待用;
(2)在带有搅拌装置的容器中加入一定量的谷朊粉和适量的水,搅拌溶解5~20min,获得谷朊粉水解液;
(3)在步骤2)谷朊粉水解液中加入一定量的酸,搅拌至完全溶解;
(4)在步骤3)谷朊粉水解液中加入少量碱液并搅拌均匀,并调节谷朊粉溶液体系在中性范围内pH6.5~7.5;
(5)将步骤4)所得谷朊粉水解液在1000~2000r/min离心5~10min,倒出上清液待用;
(6)将步骤1)所得淀粉溶液中加入步骤5)谷朊粉上层清液中,搅拌溶解均匀;
(7)在上述步骤6)混合液中加入增强剂、植物蜡、乳化剂和增塑剂,加热搅拌均匀后在30℃~40℃保温;
(8)将上述步骤7)混合液补加剩余水、均质、脱气;
(9)将步骤8)的混合液定量倒模干燥后即可获得本产品。
本发明所述的谷朊粉在使用前需进行筛分,过100~140目筛网。
本发明所述的谷朊粉在溶解时可加入适当柠檬酸、醋酸、苹果酸、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙辅助溶解。
本发明所述的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所采用的增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、微晶纤维素中至少一种。
本发明所述的一种可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所采用的乳化剂为大豆卵磷脂和单硬脂肪酸甘油酯中至少一种。
本发明所述的一种可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所采用的增塑剂为甘油、山梨醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇中至少一种。
优选的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所用淀粉的质量百分比为2%~3%。
优选的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所用谷朊粉的质量百分比为0.5%~1.5%。
优选的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所用增强剂的质量百分比为0.3%~0.5%。
优选的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所用植物蜡的质量百分比为0.5%~1.5%。
优选的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,所用增塑剂的质量百分比为0.5%~1.0%。
本发明所述的淀粉基可食性内包装膜具有促进消化、降低血糖、降低胆固醇的功效。
具体实施方式:
下面结合实例进一步描述本发明:
实施例1
本实施例的原料质量百分数为:淀粉2%、谷朊粉1%、增强剂0.3%、植物蜡0.5%、乳化剂0.2%大豆卵磷脂和增塑剂1% 、其余为水。
其步骤如下:
(1)在带有加热搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比2%的直链淀粉,再加30倍水加热搅拌至80℃进行溶解40min;
(2)在带有搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比1%谷朊粉和水(谷朊粉:水,质量体积比1:30),在500rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌溶解5min,获得谷朊粉水解液;
(3)在步骤2)谷朊粉水解液中加入质量百分比浓度5%柠檬酸至pH6.0,在300rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌5min溶解谷朊粉水解液中沉淀物;
(4)在步骤3)谷朊粉水解液中加入0.5mol/L氢氧化钠搅拌调节谷朊粉溶液体系在中性范围内pH7.0;
(5)将步骤4)所得谷朊粉水解液在2000r/min离心5min,倒出上清液待用;
(6)将步骤1)所得淀粉溶液中加入步骤5)谷朊粉上层清液中,搅拌溶解均匀;
(7)在上述步骤6)混合液中再加入质量百分比0.3%增强剂羧甲基纤维素钠、质量百分比0.5%甘蔗蜡、质量百分比0.2%乳化剂大豆卵磷脂和质量百分比1%增塑剂甘油,加热搅拌均匀后在30℃保温;
(8)将上述步骤7)混合液补加剩余水、并在15000r/min,均质1min;
(9)将步骤8)的混合液采用抽真空的方法,压力为-0.06MPa直至气体全部抽出为止;
(10)将步骤9)的混合液定量倒模干燥后即可获得本产品。
对实施例中淀粉基内包装膜进行物理检测指标:抗张强度可达34MPa、伸长率达22%、透光率达80%、水蒸气透过系数可达0.11g.mm/m2.h.KPa。
实施例2
本实施例的原料质量百分数为:淀粉3%、谷朊粉1.5%、增强剂0.5%、植物蜡1%、乳化剂0.5%和增塑剂0.2% 、其余为水。
其步骤如下:
(1)在带有加热搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比3%的直链淀粉,再加20倍水加热至85℃进行溶解30min;
(2)在带有搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比1.5%谷朊粉和水(谷朊粉:水,质量体积比1:20),在300rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌溶解6min,获得谷朊粉水解液;
(3)在步骤2)谷朊粉水解液中加入质量百分比浓度5%柠檬酸至pH6.0,在300rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌5min溶解谷朊粉水解液中沉淀物;
(4)在步骤3)谷朊粉水解液中加入1mol/L碳酸氢钠搅拌调节谷朊粉溶液体系在中性范围内pH7.0;
(5)将步骤4)所得谷朊粉水解液在1000r/min离心10min,倒出上清液待用;
(6)将步骤1)所得淀粉溶液中加入步骤5)谷朊粉上层清液中,搅拌溶解均匀;
(7)在上述步骤6)混合液中再加入质量百分比0.5%增强剂微晶纤维素、质量百分比1%棕榈蜡、质量百分比0.5%乳化剂单硬脂肪酸甘油酯和质量百分比0.2%增塑剂山梨醇,加热搅拌均匀后在30℃保温;
(8)在上述步骤7)混合液中补加剩余水、在10000r/min,均质2min;
(9)将步骤8)的混合液采用抽真空的方法,压力为-0.09MPa直至气体全部抽出为止;
(10)将步骤9)的混合液定量倒模干燥后即可获得本产品。
对实施例中淀粉基内包装膜进行物理检测指标:抗张强度可达36MPa、伸长率达23%、透光率达78%、水蒸气透过系数可达0.10g.mm/m2.h.KPa。
实施例3
本实施例的原料组成及质量百分数为:淀粉3%、谷朊粉1.5%、增强剂1%、植物蜡2%、乳化剂1%和增塑剂0.5% 、其余为水。
其步骤如下:
(1)在带有加热搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比3%的直链淀粉,再加20倍水加热至85℃进行溶解30min,;
(2)在带有搅拌装置的容器中加入质量百分比1.5%谷朊粉和水(谷朊粉:水,质量体积比1:20),在300rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌溶解10min,获得谷朊粉水解液;
(3)在步骤2)谷朊粉水解液中加入质量百分比浓度5%醋酸至pH6.0,在200rpm的搅拌速度下搅拌5min溶解谷朊粉水解液中沉淀物;
(4)在步骤3)谷朊粉水解液中加入1mol/L碳酸氢钠搅拌调节谷朊粉溶液体系在中性范围内pH7.0;
(5)将步骤4)所得谷朊粉水解液在500r/min离心5min,倒出上清液待用;
(6)将步骤1)所得淀粉溶液中加入步骤5)谷朊粉上层清液中,搅拌溶解均匀;
(7)在上述步骤6)混合液中再加入质量百分比1%增强剂(羧甲基纤维素钠和微晶纤维素,质量比2:1)、质量百分比2%(甘蔗蜡和米糠蜡,质量比1:3)、质量百分比1%乳化剂单硬脂肪酸甘油酯和质量百分比0.5%增塑剂(山梨醇和乙二醇,质量比1:1),加热搅拌均匀后在30℃保温;
(8)将上述混合液中补加剩余水、在10000r/min,均质4min;
(9)将步骤8)的混合液采用抽真空的方法,压力为-0.09MPa直至气体全部抽出为止;
(10)将步骤9)的混合液定量倒模干燥后即可获得本产品。
对实施例中淀粉基内包装膜进行物理检测指标:抗张强度可达40MPa、伸长率达25%、透光率达73%、水蒸气透过系数可达0.09g.mm/m2.h.KPa。
Claims (5)
1.一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)在带有加热搅拌装置的容器中加入一定量的淀粉,分别加热进行溶解20~40min,溶解完全待用;
(2)在带有搅拌装置的容器中加入一定量的谷朊粉和适量的水,搅拌溶解5~20min,获得谷朊粉水解液;
(3)在步骤2)谷朊粉水解液中加入一定量的酸,并搅拌溶解完全;
(4)在步骤3)谷朊粉水解液中加入少量碱调节谷朊粉溶液体系在中性范围内pH6.5~7.5;
(5)将步骤4)所得谷朊粉水解液在1000~2000r/min离心5~10min,倒出上清液待用;
(6)将步骤1)所得淀粉溶液中加入步骤5)谷朊粉上层清液中,搅拌均匀;
(7)在上述步骤6)混合液中加入增强剂、植物蜡、乳化剂和增塑剂,加热搅拌均匀后在30℃~40℃保温;
(8)将上述步骤7)混合液补加剩余水、均质、脱气;
(9)将步骤8)的混合液定量倒模干燥后即可获得本产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所采用的酸为柠檬酸、醋酸、苹果酸中至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所采用的碱为碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠中至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉基可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所采用的植物蜡为甘蔗蜡、米糠蜡和棕榈蜡中至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可食性内包装膜及其制备方法,其特征在于,所采用的淀粉为直链淀粉。
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