CN108192711A - A kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108192711A CN108192711A CN201810102287.7A CN201810102287A CN108192711A CN 108192711 A CN108192711 A CN 108192711A CN 201810102287 A CN201810102287 A CN 201810102287A CN 108192711 A CN108192711 A CN 108192711A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/024—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
- C10M2215/222—Triazines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W 40 and preparation method thereof, are related to gasoline engine oil technical field, are made of the raw material of following mass percent:High viscosity index (HVI) base oil 81%, viscosity index improver 11.1%, compound additive HiTEC9890 7.9%.The present invention, by being used cooperatively for viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890, is made the property indices of made gasoline engine oil SM10W 40 meet national standard, meets the requirement of light vehicle using high viscosity index (HVI) base oil as major ingredient;Also, the low temperature performance excellent of made gasoline engine oil SM10W 40 reduces the viscosity change amplitude brought by low temperature environment.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to gasoline engine oil technical fields, and in particular to a kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
Gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 refers to the SM formed with the addition multiple functions additive modulation of high viscosity index (HVI) base oil
The technical conditions of gasoline engine oil.The SM grades of machine oil for highest quality of gasoline grade, 10W-40 refer to the viscosity grade of machine oil, W
What is represented is low temperature viscosity grade, and the numerical value before W is smaller, and low temperature viscosity is smaller, and low temperature flow is better, illustrate machine oil for
The environment temperature used is lower;40 representatives are high-temperature viscosity grades, and number is bigger, and its viscosity is bigger, and the environment temperature used is got over
It is high.
Gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 has been widely used in the equipment such as light duty vehicle engine, as China becomes a full member of WTO,
Requirement of the country to environmental protection is higher and higher, and the automobile of advanced level will be more introduced into, and the demand of high-grade I. C. engine oil more can
Increasing, the competition of domestic top grade machine oil also can be more and more stronger.To further reduce the gap with world level, strive in state
Inside occupy more high-grade I. C. engine oil market shares, therefore the development for carrying out high-quality I. C. engine oil is the task of top priority.For this purpose, I
Company has successfully developed SM10W-40 gasoline engine oils.
Invention content:
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that providing a kind of simple and practicable preparation manipulation, cryogenic property and high temperature resists
Good gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 of polishing machine and preparation method thereof.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical solution:
A kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40, is made of the raw material of following mass percent:
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil 81%
Viscosity index improver 11.1%
Compound additive HiTEC9890 7.9%.
Preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~65
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in sealing and standing 24-48h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then is warming up to 55~65 DEG C
More than insulated and stirred 5min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The viscosity index (VI) of the high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is 90-120.
The viscosity index improver selects OCP type viscosity index improvers, i.e. ethylene-propylene copolymer.
The viscosity index improver is modified by ethylene-propylene copolymer, and method of modifying is:Ethylene-propylene copolymer is heated
To 120-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ether and ferrocene are added, continues at 120-130 DEG C and protects
Temperature stirring 0.5-1h, then adds in butyl titanate, and the insulated and stirred 0.5-1h again at 120-130 DEG C, gained mixture
Cooled to room temperature is to get viscosity index improver.
The ethylene-propylene copolymer, hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ether, ferrocene, butyl titanate mass ratio be 35-
50:5-10:0.05-0.5:1-5。
By the above-mentioned modification to ethylene-propylene copolymer, retaining the original tackifying ability of ethylene-propylene copolymer and shear stability
Improve its cryogenic property simultaneously, reduce the viscosity change amplitude brought by low temperature environment;And enhance the height of made gasoline engine oil
Warm wear resistance.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is improved using high viscosity index (HVI) base oil as major ingredient by viscosity index (VI)
Agent and compound additive HiTEC9890's is used cooperatively, and the property indices of made gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 is made to meet
National standard meets the requirement of light vehicle;Also, the low temperature performance excellent of made gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 reduces
The viscosity change amplitude brought by low temperature environment;There is preferable abrasion-resistance and relatively low friction coefficient simultaneously, ensure gasoline
The use quality of machine oil, and extend the service life of gasoline engine oil.Wherein, by 0-5 DEG C of low-temperature treatment, improve gasoline engine oil
Temperature performance, viscosity is too small so as to influence the normal use of gasoline engine oil when preventing during low temperature excessive viscosity, high temperature.
Specific embodiment:
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver (ethylene-propylene copolymer T613) 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
Embodiment 2
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The preparation of viscosity index improver:40g ethylene-propylene copolymers T613 is heated to 125-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, then add
Enter 5g hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ethers and 0.25g ferrocene, continue at insulated and stirred 1h at 125-130 DEG C, then add in
2g butyl titanates, and the insulated and stirred 0.5h again at 125-130 DEG C, gained mixture cooled to room temperature is to get viscous
Spend index improver.
Embodiment 3
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The preparation of viscosity index improver:50g ethylene-propylene copolymers T613 is heated to 125-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, then add
Enter 8g hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ethers and 0.5g ferrocene, continue at insulated and stirred 1h at 125-130 DEG C, then add in 3g
Butyl titanate, and the insulated and stirred 0.5h again at 125-130 DEG C, gained mixture cooled to room temperature is to get viscosity
Index improver.
Reference examples 1
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver (ethylene-propylene copolymer T613) 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
Reference examples 2
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The preparation of viscosity index improver:50g ethylene-propylene copolymers T613 is heated to 125-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, then add
Enter 8g hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ethers, continue at insulated and stirred 1h at 125-130 DEG C, then add in 3g butyl titanates,
And the insulated and stirred 0.5h again at 125-130 DEG C, gained mixture cooled to room temperature is to get viscosity index improver.
Reference examples 3
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The preparation of viscosity index improver:50g ethylene-propylene copolymers T613 is heated to 125-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, then add
Enter 8g hexamethylolmelamine pregnancy ethers and 0.5g ferrocene, continue at insulated and stirred 1.5h at 125-130 DEG C, gained mixing
Object cooled to room temperature is to get viscosity index improver.
Reference examples 4
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil (base oil HVI-350SN) 810g
Viscosity index improver 111g
Compound additive HiTEC9890 79g.
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~60
DEG C insulated and stirred is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment sealing and standing for 24 hours, then is warming up to 55~60 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature stirring 10min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
The preparation of viscosity index improver:50g ethylene-propylene copolymers T613 is heated to 125-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, then add
Enter 0.5g ferrocene, continue at insulated and stirred 1h at 125-130 DEG C, then add in 3g butyl titanates, and at 125-130 DEG C
Insulated and stirred 0.5h again, gained mixture cooled to room temperature is to get viscosity index improver.
Embodiment 4
It is utilized respectively embodiment 1-3, reference examples 1-4 prepares gasoline engine oil SM10W-40, and measures made gasoline engine oil
The performance indicator of SM10W-40, as shown in table 1.
The performance indicator of 1 gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 of the present invention of table
The experimental condition of high-frequency reciprocating frictional testing machine:Load 1kg, frequency 20Hz, 100 DEG C of temperature, test period
60min。
The basic principles, main features and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40, which is characterized in that be made of the raw material of following mass percent:
High viscosity index (HVI) base oil 81%
Viscosity index improver 11.1%
Compound additive HiTEC9890 7.9%.
2. a kind of preparation method of gasoline engine oil SM10W-40, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) high viscosity index (HVI) base oil is squeezed by oil pump in blending kettle, and is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of insulated and stirreds;
(2) viscosity index improver and compound additive HiTEC9890 are added in into blending kettle successively, continues at 55~65 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature is uniformly mixed;
(3) above-mentioned uniformly mixed oil product is placed in sealing and standing 24-48h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then is warming up to 55~65 DEG C of heat preservations
Stir more than 5min;
(4) sampling is chemically examined, and chemically examines warehousing after passing, you can gasoline engine oil SM10W-40.
3. gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The high viscosity index (HVI) base oil
Viscosity index (VI) be 90-120.
4. gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The viscosity index improver choosing
With OCP type viscosity index improvers, i.e. ethylene-propylene copolymer.
5. gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The viscosity index improver by
Ethylene-propylene copolymer is modified, and method of modifying is:Ethylene-propylene copolymer is heated to 120-130 DEG C of insulated and stirred, adds six
Melamine methylol pregnancy ether and ferrocene continue at insulated and stirred 0.5-1h at 120-130 DEG C, then add in four fourth of metatitanic acid
Ester, and the insulated and stirred 0.5-1h again at 120-130 DEG C, gained mixture cooled to room temperature change to get viscosity index (VI)
Into agent.
6. gasoline engine oil SM10W-40 according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The ethylene-propylene copolymer, hexamethylol
Melamine pregnancy ether, ferrocene, butyl titanate mass ratio be 35-50:5-10:0.05-0.5:1-5.
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Citations (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN102226124A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-10-26 | 泉州市欧美润滑油制品有限公司 | Automobile oil with deep clean and antiwear properties |
CN103897788A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 山东力牌石油化学有限公司 | Formula of special lubricating oil for taxi and production process of formula |
US20140274830A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-09-18 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Novel materials as additives for advanced lubrication |
CN104762125A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-07-08 | 山东源根石油化工有限公司 | Engine lubricating oil |
CN107267265A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 | A kind of special long-life low noise lubricating oil of pedal motorcycle |
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2018
- 2018-02-01 CN CN201810102287.7A patent/CN108192711A/en active Pending
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN102226124A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-10-26 | 泉州市欧美润滑油制品有限公司 | Automobile oil with deep clean and antiwear properties |
US20140274830A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-09-18 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Novel materials as additives for advanced lubrication |
CN103897788A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 山东力牌石油化学有限公司 | Formula of special lubricating oil for taxi and production process of formula |
CN104762125A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-07-08 | 山东源根石油化工有限公司 | Engine lubricating oil |
CN107267265A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 | A kind of special long-life low noise lubricating oil of pedal motorcycle |
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Title |
---|
朱洪法: "《精细化工常用原材料手册》", 31 December 2003, 金盾出版社 * |
橡胶工业原材料与装备简明手册编审委员会: "《橡胶工业原材料与装备简明手册》", 30 November 2006, 北京理工大学出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20180622 |