CN107912202A - A kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107912202A CN107912202A CN201610884672.2A CN201610884672A CN107912202A CN 107912202 A CN107912202 A CN 107912202A CN 201610884672 A CN201610884672 A CN 201610884672A CN 107912202 A CN107912202 A CN 107912202A
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- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000218628 Ginkgo Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000011201 Ginkgo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 Terpene lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- MOLPUWBMSBJXER-YDGSQGCISA-N bilobalide Chemical compound O([C@H]1OC2=O)C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@]11[C@@](C(C)(C)C)(O)C[C@H]3[C@@]21CC(=O)O3 MOLPUWBMSBJXER-YDGSQGCISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930184727 ginkgolide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-MMQTXUMRSA-N ginkgolide-b Chemical compound O[C@H]([C@]12[C@H](C(C)(C)C)C[C@H]3OC4=O)C(=O)O[C@H]2O[C@]24[C@@]13[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@]21O SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-MMQTXUMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling, including seed collection, storage, vernalization, rebuilds each steps such as nursery, sowing, water and fertilizer management, pest management.The present invention uses warm water vernalization, embryonic speed is homogeneous, quick, easy to the plan of arranging production, uniformly sowed, by reasonably being managed liquid manure, illumination etc., seedling percent is high, the speed of growth is fast, healthy and strong, with reference to truncation processing, the growing height of sapling can be effectively controlled, improves the content of ginkgoterpene lactone and Total Ginkgo Flavone-Glycoides in leaf.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling, belong to medicinal plant and gardens field.
Background technology
Ginkgo leaf is the blade of Ginkgoaceae plant Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Biolaba.The main active of ginkgo biloba p.e
For flavonoids and ginkgolides class compound, not only there is significant treatment in terms for the treatment of angiocardiopathy, the nervous system disease
Effect and extensive purposes, and it is widely used in the fields such as cosmetics, health products, food.In addition, ginkgo is also largely used to greening scape
Seeds are seen, have very big market application foreground, large scale cultivating ginkgo seedling has become a top priority.
But ginkgo seedling is slow-growing, the prior art mainly has seeding and seedling raising, cuttage and seedling culture, graft seedling growth etc., and current broadcasts
More or less all there is nursery speed is slow, planting percent is low etc. in kind of method for culturing seedlings, cuttage and seedling culture, graft seedling growth ginkgo leaf in
Terpene lactones and general flavone content are significantly lower than the seedling of seeding and seedling raising.The method that patent ZL201410446100.7 is provided is fitted
Close and cultivate greening seedling, substantial amounts of work (Cao Fuliang, Ginkgo biloba Forest for Leaf orientation have been done for the cultivation of leaf seedling, Cao Fuliang etc.
Integrated, Agricultural University Of Nanjing's report (natural science volume) of Cultivating techniques system, the 6th phase of volume 38,2014.), but for extraction
Ginkgoterpene lactone is the breeding method of the seedling of main syllabus target leaf-use forest, still suffers from vacancy, there is an urgent need for one kind can meet seedling
Fast-growth, and it can be made largely to accumulate the method for culturing seedlings of ginkgoterpene lactone.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling, comprise the following steps：
(1) seed collection：Growth selection is healthy and strong, and leaf-making quantity is high, plants the big excellent elite stand of grain as target seed collecting elite stand, and
Final seed collecting elite stand is determined by the content of ginkgoterpene lactone and Total Ginkgo Flavone-Glycoides in the dried ginkgo leaf of detection harvesting；
(2) seed storage：The seed of harvesting is dried into moisture, exosper is removed, loads in the container of ventilation, container is liftoff
Face is spaced a distance, and in the indoor storage one month or so that cool place is dry, then sand storage promotes seed afterripening；Sand storage method is
Conventional method, is sketched to spread seed on sand after sterilization, and one layer of sand of lid, then spreads one layer of seed again, then in seed
It is upper to cover sand；
(3) vernalization：Sand is removed into the sieving of sand storage seed, is cleaned up, daytime is soaked with clear water, is pulled out at night, immersion
15~30min in 20~30 DEG C of warm water, drains away the water, and incubated overnight inspires bud, repeats above-mentioned immersion, incubation step；Using
Warm water vernalization can surplus germinating time, and speed of germination is more uniform significantly, not easy damaged plumule, easy to the plan of arranging production；
(4) nursery lot is rebuild：Selection is leeward on the sunny side, and faintly acid or the neutral husky territory that the soil is porous are deep as nursery
The winter is climbed over, spring turns over, carefully harrows, weeding, does furrow, furrow are 1~1.5 meter wide, high 20~30cm, length adaptation to local conditions, ditching between furrow
20~30cm width is spaced, 20~30cm of ditch depth, applies 2000~3000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, potassium sulfate type azophoska per acre
40~50kg of Hefei, 5~8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1~1.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.2~0.5kg of borax, mixing of digging, flattens furrow face；
(5) sow：When seed embryo root long after vernalization is to 3~4cm, ditch by 15~20cm of line-spacing, 2~3cm of ditch depth,
10~15cm of spacing in the rows program request seeds in ditch, earthing, watering, mulching straw or stalk moisturizing；
(6) sunshade：After the major part that comes up grows 3~4 leaves, covering is thrown off, takes sunshade, light transmittance 40
~50%；
(7) water and soil and fertility management：According to weather, watering in every 0.5~1 month once, is no more than with the depth of water in furrow ditch
15cm is advisable, and unsuitable flood irrigation, loosens the soil in time when soil hardening, every top dressing in 1~2 month once, per acre using potassium sulfate type nitrogen
3~5kg of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, 60~80g of zinc sulfate, 200~300g of magnesium sulfate, 200~250g of ammonium molybdate, mix, with composite fertilizer
Densimeter dilutes 800~1000 times and is sprayed on soil surface, and late autumn is in respectively trench digging embedment in the ranks decomposed farm manure and potassium sulfate
Type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, dosage are 1/3~1/2 of dosage before sowing, are passed the winter with profit；
(8) plant disease management：The various diseases such as timely monitor stem rot, leaf blight, pest, and routinely control method sprays
Corresponding pesticide control；
(9) tree-shaped is arranged and transplanted：Sapling is topped for the 1st time after in August, 2 terminates the Seedling height phase, the knot of in August, the 3rd
Top for the 2nd time after the beam Seedling height phase, in favor of the accumulation of active ingredient in the control of sapling height and ginkgo leaf, treat ground diameter
Transplanting breeding seedlings can be carried out by meeting transplanting requirement, usually require that more than 0.6cm.
Preferably, it is always yellow to take into account ginkgo as seed collecting elite stand for the elite stand of the high seed of prioritizing selection ginkgoterpene lactone content
Ketone content.
Preferably, vernalization water temperature is 25~30 DEG C.
Preferably, decomposed farm manure is green manure, plant ash, excrement of animals, and three's weight proportion is 50：10~20:30
~50, stack retting more than 3 months；N in potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer：P：K is 1~1.2：0.8~1：1.
Preferably, during top dressing, zinc sulfate dosage is 60g, and magnesium sulfate dosage is 300g, and ammonium molybdate dosage is 250g.
The present invention uses warm water vernalization, and embryonic speed is homogeneous, quick, easy to the plan of arranging production, is uniformly sowed, and leads to
Cross and liquid manure, illumination etc. are reasonably managed, seedling percent is high, and the speed of growth is fast, healthy and strong, with reference to truncation processing, can have
The growing height of effect control sapling, improves the content of ginkgoterpene lactone and general flavone in leaf.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Composite fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer used in the present invention are all commercial product, N-P in composite fertilizer2O5-K2O is 16-
16-16, total nutrient >=48%.
Embodiment 1
(1) seed collection：Healthy and strong in Sichuan Pengzhou growth selection in late September, leaf-making quantity is high, the big (400-600 of kind grain
Grain/kg) excellent elite stand as target seed collecting elite stand, and pass through to detect and harvest ginkgoterpene lactone and silver in dried ginkgo leaf
The content of apricot general flavone determines final seed collecting elite stand, and the high seeds of prioritizing selection ginkgoterpene lactone content are female as tree is adopted
Kind, lactone content is similar, then high to be excellent with flavones parameter, finally with dry ginkgoterpene lactone content in ginkgo leaf >=
The ginkgo of 0.3mg/g is as seed collecting elite stand；
(2) seed storage：The seed of harvesting is dried into moisture, removes exosper, is loaded in bamboo basket, bamboo basket is put on the top of the shelf
It is spaced half meter or so from the ground to divulge information with profit, in the indoor storage one month or so that cool place is dry, after then sand storage promotes seed
It is ripe；Sand storage method is conventional method, is sketched to spread seed on sand after sterilization, and one layer of sand of lid, then spreads one layer again
Seed, then sand is covered on seed；
(3) vernalization：Sand is removed into the sieving of sand storage seed, is cleaned up, daytime is soaked with clear water, is pulled out at night, immersion
The 30min in 20~25 DEG C of warm water, drains away the water, and incubated overnight inspires bud, repeats above-mentioned immersion, incubation step；
(4) nursery lot is rebuild：Selection is leeward on the sunny side, and the faintly acid husky territory that the soil is porous is ploughed deeply and passed the winter as nursery, the spring
Turn in season, carefully rake, weeding, do furrow, furrow are 1.5 meters wide, high 30cm, length adaptation to local conditions, ditching interval 30cm width, ditch depth between furrow
20cm, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg (green manure per acre：Plant ash：Excrement of animals=50：10:50, stack retting more than 3 months, sulphur
Sour potassium type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 50kg, ferrous sulfate 8kg, magnesium sulfate 1.5kg, borax 0.5kg, mixing of digging, flattens furrow face；
(5) sow：When seed embryo root long after vernalization is to 3~4cm, ditch by 15~20cm of line-spacing, 2~3cm of ditch depth,
10~15cm of spacing in the rows program request seeds in ditch, earthing, watering, mulching straw moisturizing；
(6) sunshade：After the major part that comes up grows 3~4 leaves, covering is thrown off, takes sunshade, light transmittance
40%；
(7) water and soil and fertility management：According to weather, watering in every 0.5~1 month once, is no more than with the depth of water in furrow ditch
15cm is advisable, and unsuitable flood irrigation, loosens the soil in time when soil hardening, every top dressing in 1~2 month once, per acre using potassium sulfate type nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 5kg, zinc sulfate 80g, magnesium sulfate 300g, ammonium molybdate 250g, mix, and dilute 1000 times of sprays with composite fertilizer's densimeter
Spill in soil surface, late autumn, dosage was to broadcast respectively in the ranks trench digging is embedded to decomposed farm manure and potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
The 1/2 of dosage, is passed the winter with profit before kind；
(8) plant disease management：The various diseases such as timely monitor stem rot, leaf blight, pest, and routinely control method sprays
Corresponding pesticide control；Such as prevent fungal infection with carbendazim；
(9) tree-shaped is arranged and transplanted：Sapling is topped for the 1st time after in August, 2 terminates the Seedling height phase, the knot of in August, the 3rd
Top for the 2nd time after the beam Seedling height phase, in favor of the accumulation of active ingredient in the control of sapling height and ginkgo leaf, treat ground diameter
Transplanting breeding seedlings can be carried out by meeting transplanting requirement.
Embodiment 2
(1) seed collection：Healthy and strong in Sichuan Pengzhou growth selection in late September, leaf-making quantity is high, the big (400-600 of kind grain
Grain/kg) excellent elite stand as target seed collecting elite stand, and pass through to detect and harvest ginkgoterpene lactone and silver in dried ginkgo leaf
The content of apricot general flavone determines final seed collecting elite stand, and the high seeds of prioritizing selection ginkgoterpene lactone content are female as tree is adopted
Kind, lactone content is similar, then high to be excellent with flavones parameter, finally with dry ginkgoterpene lactone content in ginkgo leaf >=
The ginkgo of 0.3mg/g is as seed collecting elite stand；
(2) seed storage：The seed of harvesting is dried into moisture, removes exosper, is loaded in bamboo basket, bamboo basket is put on the top of the shelf
It is spaced half meter or so from the ground to divulge information with profit, in the indoor storage one month or so that cool place is dry, after then sand storage promotes seed
It is ripe；Sand storage method is conventional method, is sketched to spread seed on sand after sterilization, and one layer of sand of lid, then spreads one layer again
Seed, then sand is covered on seed；
(3) vernalization：Sand is removed into the sieving of sand storage seed, is cleaned up, daytime is soaked with clear water, is pulled out at night, immersion
The 30min in 25~30 DEG C of warm water, drains away the water, and incubated overnight inspires bud, repeats above-mentioned immersion, incubation step；
(4) nursery lot is rebuild：Selection is leeward on the sunny side, and the neutral husky territory that the soil is porous is ploughed deeply and passed the winter as nursery, spring
Turn over, carefully rake, weeding, do furrow, furrow are 1 meter wide, high 20cm, length adaptation to local conditions, ditching interval 20cm width, ditch depth between furrow
30cm, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg (green manure per acre：Plant ash：Excrement of animals=50：20:30, stack retting more than 3 months, sulphur
Sour potassium type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg, magnesium sulfate 1kg, borax 0.2kg, mixing of digging, flattens furrow face；
(5) sow：When seed embryo root long after vernalization is to 3~4cm, ditch by 15~20cm of line-spacing, 2~3cm of ditch depth,
10~15cm of spacing in the rows program request seeds in ditch, earthing, watering, mulching straw moisturizing；
(6) sunshade：After the major part that comes up grows 3~4 leaves, covering is thrown off, takes sunshade, light transmittance
50%；
(7) water and soil and fertility management：According to weather, watering in every 0.5~1 month once, is no more than with the depth of water in furrow ditch
15cm is advisable, and unsuitable flood irrigation, loosens the soil in time when soil hardening, every top dressing in 1~2 month once, per acre using potassium sulfate type nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 3kg, zinc sulfate 60g, magnesium sulfate 200g, ammonium molybdate 200g, mix, and dilute 800 times of sprays with composite fertilizer's densimeter
Spill in soil surface, late autumn, dosage was to broadcast respectively in the ranks trench digging is embedded to decomposed farm manure and potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
The 1/3 of dosage, is passed the winter with profit before kind；
(8) plant disease management：The various diseases such as timely monitor stem rot, leaf blight, pest, and routinely control method sprays
Corresponding pesticide control；
(9) tree-shaped is arranged and transplanted：Sapling is topped for the 1st time after in August, 2 terminates the Seedling height phase, the knot of in August, the 3rd
Top for the 2nd time after the beam Seedling height phase, in favor of the accumulation of active ingredient in the control of sapling height and ginkgo leaf, treat ground
Footpath, which meets transplanting requirement, can carry out transplanting breeding seedlings.
By taking embodiment 2 as an example, following index is detected, to illustrate beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) the vernalization stage, randomly chooses 3 parts of about 200 seeds statistics germination percentages；
In early October, (2) the 1st statistics survival rate (planting percent), optional 3 furrow centre same location, using the wide * 5m of furrow as system
Count scope；
In early October, (3) the 2nd counts the ground diameter and height of sapling, same location among optional 3 furrow, using the wide * 5m of furrow as
Scope of statistics, according to Sichuan Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality grade grade scale DB51/T 705-2007 count level-one seedling and
Two level seedling percentage；
Ginkgoterpene lactone content and general flavone content are detected after in early August, (4) the 2nd picking part leaf drying, it is conventional
HPLC detection methods, terpene lactones include ginkalide A, ginkolide B, ginkalide C and Bilobalide, cultivate in conventional manner
The ginkgo leaves of 2 years raw seedlings be control group.
As a result：
(1) germination percentage：
| Numbering | Number seeds | Germinative number | Germination percentage |
| 1 | 221 | 178 | 80.5% |
| 2 | 213 | 181 | 85.0% |
| 3 | 209 | 173 | 82.8% |
| Average value | 214 | 177 | 82.7% |
The present invention is by the seed screened meticulously, and germination percentage is up to 82.7%, higher than the numerical value of existing literature report.
(2) survival rate
| Numbering | Sow number | Number of emerging | Survival rate |
| 1 | 166 | 158 | 95.1% |
| 2 | 172 | 163 | 94.8% |
| 3 | 179 | 167 | 93.3% |
| Average value | 172 | 163 | 94.4% |
The sowing seedling survival rate that the method for the present invention is cultivated is up to 94.4%, higher than the numerical value of other reports.
(3) I and II seedling percentage
The sowing seedling I and II seedling that the method for the present invention is cultivated adds up to mean height up to 89.5%, higher than standard requirement
75%, also above the report of existing literature.
(4) Ginkgolides of Ginkgo Leaf and general flavone content
2 years raw the sowing seedling terpene lactones and general flavone content that the method for the present invention is cultivated all are significantly higher than conventional method training
The content for the seedling educated, and all it is higher than 2015 editions《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》Requirement.
To sum up, the method for the present invention is cultivated ginkgo seedling germination percentage, planting percent are high, and the speed of growth is fast, ginkgoterpene lactone and
Total Ginkgo Flavone-Glycoides content is high.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) seed collection：Growth selection is healthy and strong, and leaf-making quantity is high, and the big excellent elite stand of kind grain passes through as target seed collecting elite stand
Detection harvests in dried ginkgo leaf the content of ginkgoterpene lactone and Total Ginkgo Flavone-Glycoides to determine final seed collecting elite stand；
(2) seed storage：The seed of harvesting is dried into moisture, exosper is removed, loads in the container of ventilation, container from the ground between
Every a distance, in the indoor storage one month or so that cool place is dry, then sand storage promotes seed afterripening；
(3) vernalization：Sand is removed into the sieving of sand storage seed, is cleaned up, daytime is soaked with clear water, is pulled out at night, is immersed in 20
15~30min in~30 DEG C of warm water, drains away the water, and incubated overnight inspires bud, repeats above-mentioned immersion, incubation step；
(4) nursery lot is rebuild：Selection is leeward on the sunny side, and faintly acid or the neutral husky territory that the soil is porous were ploughed deeply as nursery
Winter, spring turn over, carefully harrow, weeding, do furrow, furrow are 1~1.5 meter wide, high 20~30cm, length adaptation to local conditions, ditching interval between furrow
20~30cm width, 20~30cm of ditch depth, applies 2000~3000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per acre
40~50kg, 5~8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1~1.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.2~0.5kg of borax, mixing of digging, flattens furrow face；
(5) sow：When seed embryo root long after vernalization is to 3~4cm, ditch by 15~20cm of line-spacing, 2~3cm of ditch depth, in ditch
Spacing in the rows 10~15cm program request seeds, earthing, watering, mulching straw or stalk moisturizing；
(6) sunshade：Wait come up it is most of grow 3~4 leaves after, throw off covering, take sunshade, light transmittance 40~
50%；
(7) water and soil and fertility management：According to weather, watering in every 0.5~1 month once, is loosened the soil in time when soil hardening, and every 1
Top dressing in~2 months once, per acre using potassium sulfate type 3~5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 60~80g of zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate 200~
300g, 200~250g of ammonium molybdate, mix, and diluting 800~1000 times with composite fertilizer's densimeter is sprayed on soil surface, and late autumn exists
Respectively in the ranks trench digging is embedded to decomposed farm manure and potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and dosage is 1/3~1/2 of dosage before sowing；
(8) plant disease management：The various diseases such as timely monitor stem rot, leaf blight, pest, and routinely control method sprinkling corresponds to
Pesticide control；
(9) tree-shaped is arranged and transplanted：Sapling is topped for the 1st time after in August, 2 terminates the Seedling height phase, and in August, the 3rd terminates height
Top for the 2nd time after growth period, treat that ground diameter meets transplanting requirement and can carry out transplanting breeding seedlings.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The elite stand of the high seed of prioritizing selection ginkgoterpene lactone content
As seed collecting elite stand.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Vernalization water temperature is 25~30 DEG C.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Decomposed farm manure is green manure, plant ash, excrement of animals,
Three's weight proportion is 50：10~20:30~50, stack retting more than 3 months；N in potassium sulfate type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer：P：K for 1~
1.2：0.8~1：1..
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：During top dressing, zinc sulfate dosage is 60g, and magnesium sulfate dosage is
300g, ammonium molybdate dosage are 250g.
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| CN111418430A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-17 | 扬州大学 | Method for improving yield of ginkgo leaves |
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Address after: Room 1301-7, Liuwu Building, Liuwu New District, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850000 Applicant after: Tibet Shangshan Ginkgo Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 610000 West Fujian Households-16 Building 1 Unit 1, West Village, Cifeng Town, Pengzhou City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province Applicant before: Sichuan sunshine ginkgo Agricultural Development Co. Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20180417 |