CN106885759B - A kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig and method - Google Patents
A kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106885759B CN106885759B CN201710193946.8A CN201710193946A CN106885759B CN 106885759 B CN106885759 B CN 106885759B CN 201710193946 A CN201710193946 A CN 201710193946A CN 106885759 B CN106885759 B CN 106885759B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig and method, including Visualization Model case, grouting pump, leaching plate, oil pump, determine head water tank, laser film source transmitter, industrial camera, data gathering system；Visualization Model case injects slurries into it by feed pipe for mortar from a grouting pump；Backplane has uniform pore openings, and one layer of strainer is covered on bottom plate, and Visualization Model bottom portion is provided with connected tank, and connected tank is connected by pipeline road with oil pump, and the oil pump is connected with head water tank is determined；Positioning water tank drenches plate with the connection for being placed on Visualization Model box top further through pipeline road and is connected；It is equipped with laser film source transmitter in Visualization Model case side, the laser of laser film source transmitter transmitting penetrates transparent soil by Visualization Model case, forms uniform speckle field；Industrial camera shooting direction is located at the normal direction of laser plane, and camera connects data gathering system, records the variation of speckle field in real time.
Description
Technical field
It can be used for three-dimensional visualization seepage action of ground water the present invention relates to one kind and act on lower saturated sand osmotic grouting model examination
Experiment device and method.
Background technique
Sand bed with saturated dynamic water is loosely organized, and no cohesion, self-stable ability is poor, and tunneling is easily in such stratum
Cause water burst, the engineering project disasters such as sand, landslide of bursting, seriously affects construction speed, cause huge casualties and economic loss.In
When carrying out tunnel construction in full hydrodynamic(al) state aquifer sand layer stratum, need using stratum consolidation technology come Strengthening Tunnel country rock,
To improve the mechanical property of country rock, the permeability of country rock is reduced, and reduces surface subsidence caused by excavation, to guarantee that tunnel is opened
The safe and smooth progress dug.Grouting strengthening method is that current tunnel surrounding reinforces one of main and effective method, can be effective
Improve coffer mechanics performance, improves Surrounding Rock Strength characteristic, play the role of reinforcing and water blockoff.In sand bed with saturated dynamic water,
The main diffusion mode of grouting serous fluid is osmotic grouting, but current research is to the surrouding rock deformation mechanism in aquifer sand layer tunnel, underground
The side such as the influence of influence and seepage action of ground water to tunnel surrounding reinforcement means, the selection of grouting of water seepage flow to tunnel excavation stability
The research work in face is carried out less.Slip casting method is used widely in engineering practice, but also due to grouting theory development
Engineering practice is far lagged behind, slurry injection technique is mature far away due to a lack of effective theoretical direction.Grouting model test method can be with
Complicated geological structure is more comprehensively and truly simulated, the theory and mathematical model to establish new provide foundation, are research slip casting
A kind of theoretical important means.
Traditional grouting model test has " black box ", due to the non-transparency of the soil body, so that slurries can not be obtained accurately
Range of scatter and migration distance, can not continuous observation and record slip casting medium and grouting serous fluid each point deformation.
In recent years, geotechnical engineering model test process visualization is realized based on artificial synthesized transparent soil material and digital image processing techniques
Method gradually obtain promotion and application, slip casting field with it is transparent soil carry out model test be also possibly realized.With laser
Speckles Technique, digital image acquisition technology and Particle Image Velocimetry can accomplish process observation slurries dynamic diffusion path,
It obtains being infused dielectric displacement field and velocity field, provides effective foundation for research grouting theory etc..
The present invention devises a kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig and method, transparent soil are adopted
The solution composition prepared by a certain percentage with purity fused sand and n-dodecane and No. 15 white oils, can be realized full three-dimensional
Osmotic grouting process simulation in dynamic Saturated Sand Layer medium under the conditions of visual, obtain osmotic grouting grout mixing and
Migration rule obtains the displacement field and velocity field of slip casting medium, provides theoretical foundation for the reinforcing of saturated sand tunnel surrounding, more preferably
Instruct engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, proposes a kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting test dress
It sets and method, can be realized osmotic grouting process simulation in the dynamic Saturated Sand Layer medium under the conditions of full three-dimensional visible, obtain
Osmotic grouting grout mixing and migration rule are obtained, the displacement field and velocity field of slip casting medium are obtained, is saturated sand tunnel
Surrounding rock consolidation provides theoretical foundation.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
One kind can be used for visualizing sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig, including Visualization Model case, connect
Fuel tank, leaching plate, oil pump, determines head water tank, laser film source transmitter, industrial camera, data gathering system at grouting pump；
The Visualization Model case injects slurries into it by feed pipe for mortar from a grouting pump；Backplane has uniformly
Aperture covers one layer of strainer on bottom plate, and Visualization Model bottom portion is provided with connected tank, and connected tank passes through pipeline road and oil
Pump is connected, and the oil pump is connected with head water tank is determined；The positioning water tank is further through pipeline road and is placed on visualization
Connection leaching plate at the top of model casing is connected；Laser film source transmitter, laser film source transmitter are equipped in Visualization Model case side
The laser of transmitting penetrates transparent soil by Visualization Model case, forms uniform speckle field；The industrial camera shooting direction
Positioned at the normal direction of laser plane, CCD camera connects data gathering system, records the variation of speckle field in real time.
Further, the feed pipe for mortar section outside Visualization Model case is equipped with an exhaust apparatus；The exhaust
Device can exclude the air being deposited in Grouting Pipe when slip casting starts, and reduce influence of the air to experimental phenomena.
Further, the Visualization Model case is mentioned by with transparent soil there is the organic glass of approximate refractive index to make
Height is by the transparency of note medium.
Further, the head water tank of determining is placed on Adjustable water tank rack, is mixed to adjust in model casing
The liquid level of solution.
Further, the Grouting Pipe with the transparent approximate lucite tube of soil material refractive index by being made.
Further, the Visualization Model bottom plate is evenly arranged aperture, convenient for moving the outflow of aqueous solution.
Further, the purpose that strainer is placed on Visualization Model bottom plate is the stream for preventing tekite sand in transparent soil
Out.
Further, the Visualization Model bottom portion connects a connected tank, for what is flowed out in access model casing
The mixed solution of n-dodecane and white oil.
Further, the connected tank side wall bottom end is connect with petroleum pipeline, and petroleum pipeline is connect with oil pump, and oil pump passes through again
Petroleum pipeline, which is connected to, to be determined in head water tank, and oil pump determines head with certain altitude for being pumped into the mixed solution in connected tank
In water tank.
Further, the head water tank of determining is made by organic glass, is placed on Adjustable water tank rack.
Further, the head water tank other end of determining is connected on leaching plate by pipeline road, and leaching plate is fixed on visually
Change at the top of model casing, buffer function is played to the mixed solution of supply, reduces oil to the greatest extent to percussion caused by transparent soil.
Further, the parameter controllable type grouting pump can carry out constant speed rate quantitative filling, slip casting rate and slip casting
It measures adjustable.Parameter controllable type grouting pump is connect by grouting pipeline with exhaust apparatus.
Further, the exhaust apparatus is connected with Grouting Pipe, and Grouting Pipe is by approximate with transparent soil material refractive index
Lucite tube is made.
The present invention also provides a kind of matching method for visualizing sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig, steps
It is as follows:
(1) by Visualization Model case, connected tank, determine the devices such as head water tank and clean up and dry, guarantee without remnants
The presence (water there are the transparencies of the transparent soil of extreme influence) of water.
(2) the transparent soil of certain altitude is prepared in Visualization Model case, and is put into vacuum tank and is carried out vacuumize process,
Remove the bubble in transparent soil, improves the transparency of transparent soil.
(3) solution is higher by surface certain altitude when preparing transparent soil, can highly design not homogeneous experiment.
(4) oil pump is opened, mixed solution in Visualization Model case is made to realize flow circuit, i.e. realization Visualization Model case-
Oil pump-determines head water tank-leaching plate-Visualization Model case circulation, does not arrhea solution dynamic, the ground in the full water stratum of simulation dynamic
It is lauched seepage effect, and solution height is remained constant.
(5) cement grout is prepared by the ratio of mud of experimental designs, has debugged parameter controllable type grouting pump, and according to reality
Proved recipe case sets slip casting rate and grouting amount.
(6) before slip casting, turn off Grouting Pipe one end valve, open exhaust valve, open grouting pump, make slurries will be in Grouting Pipe
Gas is displaced, and then, is turned off exhaust valve, is opened slip casting Pipe terminal valve, prepares slip casting.
(7) laser film source transmitter is opened, lasing area position is adjusted, opens CCD industrial camera, and by data gathering system
In data collection software open and debug.
(8) grouting test is carried out.
(9) after the completion of slip casting, the devices such as grouting pump, model casing is cleaned up, prevent cement slurry sets from blocking pipeline.
(10) data are handled using PIV data processing software, obtains being infused media interior displacement cloud atlas and vector
Figure, obtains the data such as displacement field, velocity field.
The invention has the benefit that
1, the visualization for realizing slip casting diffusion overall process in dynamic saturated sand, provides foundation for theoretical research.
2, overall process real time data acquisition and collection can be achieved.
3, multifactor slip casting impact analysis can be realized by adjusting the factors such as saturation head, slip casting rate, grouting amount.
4, with laser speckle technique, digital image acquisition technology and Particle Image Velocimetry, it can accomplish process-based view
Slurries dynamic diffusion path is surveyed, obtains being infused dielectric displacement field and velocity field, provides effective foundation for research grouting theory etc..
5, experimental provision of the present invention is easy to operate, improves scientific research efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention main part schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the top view of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: 1 Visualization Model case, 2 fine strainers, 3 connected tanks, 4 Grouting Pipes, 5 grout pipe lines, 6 exhaust apparatus, 7 ginsengs
Head water tank, 12 Adjustable water tank racks, 13 laser pieces are determined in number controllable type grouting pump, 8 leaching plates, 9 pipeline roads, 10 oil pumps, 11
Source transmitter, 14CCD industrial camera, 15 data gathering systems.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Traditional grouting model test just as described in the background section has " black box ", nontransparent due to the soil body
Property so that the range of scatter and migration distance of slurries can not be obtained accurately, can not continuous observation and record slip casting medium and
The deformation of grouting serous fluid each point.In order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes it is a kind of for three-dimensional can
Lower saturated sand osmotic grouting model test apparatus and test method are acted on depending on changing seepage action of ground water.
The invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of for visualizing the experimental rig of sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting, including visualization
Model casing 1, fine strainer 2, connected tank 3, Grouting Pipe 4, grout pipe line 5, exhaust apparatus 6, parameter controllable type grouting pump 7, leaching plate
8, pipeline road 9, oil pump 10, determine head water tank 11, Adjustable water tank rack 12, laser film source transmitter 13, CCD industrial camera
14, data gathering system 15；The present invention uses laser speckle technique, digital image acquisition technology and Particle Image Velocimetry,
It can accomplish process observation slurries dynamic diffusion path, obtain being infused dielectric displacement field and velocity field, for research grouting theory etc.
Effective foundation is provided.
Visualization Model bottom plate 1 is disposed with uniform pore openings, covers one layer of fine strainer 2, Visualization Model case 1 on bottom plate
Bottom is provided with connected tank 3, and connected tank 3 is by pipeline road 9 and oil pump 10 and determines head water tank 11 and is connected；Described determines head
Water tank 11 is placed on Adjustable water tank rack 12, and one end connects leaching plate 8 via pipeline road 9, and leaching plate 8 is placed on visualization mould
1 top of molding box；The parameter controllable type grouting pump 7 connects Grouting Pipe via exhaust apparatus 6 by grout pipe line 9；Described
Grouting Pipe 4 is connected in Visualization Model case 1.The laser film source transmitter 13 is arranged in experimental rig side, it is desired to swash
The laser that mating plate source transmitter 12 emits penetrates transparent soil by Visualization Model case 1, forms uniform speckle field.Described
14 shooting direction of CCD industrial camera is located at the normal direction of laser plane, and CCD camera connects data gathering system 15, remembers in real time
Record the variation of speckle field.
Further, the Visualization Model case is mentioned by with transparent soil there is the organic glass of approximate refractive index to make
Height is by the transparency of note medium.
Further, 1 bottom plate of Visualization Model case is evenly arranged aperture, convenient for moving the outflow of aqueous solution.
Further, fine strainer 2 is placed on 1 bottom plate of Visualization Model case, prevents the stream of tekite sand in transparent soil
Out.
Further, 1 bottom of Visualization Model case connection, one connected tank 3, positive ten for being flowed out in access model casing 1
The mixed solution of dioxane and white oil.
Further, 3 side wall bottom end of connected tank is connect with petroleum pipeline 9, and petroleum pipeline 9 is connect with oil pump 10, and oil pump passes through again
Petroleum pipeline 9, which is connected to, to be determined in head water tank 11, and oil pump 10 is for being pumped into the mixed solution in connected tank 3 with certain altitude
Determine in head water tank 11.
Further, determine head water tank 11 to be made by organic glass, be placed on Adjustable water tank rack 12.
Further, the height of the adjustable rack of Adjustable water tank rack 12, to adjust mixed solution in model casing 1
Liquid level.
Further, determine 11 other end of head water tank to be connected on leaching plate 8 by pipeline road 9, leaching plate 8 is fixed on visualization
1 top of model casing, plays buffer function to the mixed solution of supply, reduces oil to the greatest extent to percussion caused by transparent soil.
Further, parameter controllable type grouting pump 7 can carry out constant speed rate quantitative filling, and slip casting rate and grouting amount can
It adjusts.Parameter controllable type grouting pump 7 is connect by grouting pipeline 5 with exhaust apparatus 6.
Further, exhaust apparatus 6 can exclude the air being deposited in Grouting Pipe when slip casting starts, and reduce air pair
The influence of experimental phenomena.
Further, exhaust apparatus 6 is connected with Grouting Pipe 4, and Grouting Pipe 4 is by approximately organic with transparent soil material refractive index
Glass tube is made.
Further, the Grouting Pipe 4 is fixed in Visualization Model case 1 with organic glass glue.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of mating sides for visualizing sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig
Method, experimental provision of the present invention is easy to operate, improves scientific research efficiency；
Steps are as follows:
(1) by Visualization Model case, connected tank, determine the devices such as head water tank and clean up and dry, guarantee without remnants
The presence (water there are the transparencies of the transparent soil of extreme influence) of water.
(2) the transparent soil of certain altitude is prepared in Visualization Model case, and is put into vacuum tank and is carried out vacuumize process,
Remove the bubble in transparent soil, improves the transparency of transparent soil.
(3) solution is higher by surface certain altitude when preparing transparent soil, can highly design not homogeneous experiment.
(4) oil pump is opened, mixed solution in Visualization Model case is made to realize flow circuit, i.e. realization Visualization Model case-
Oil pump-determines head water tank-leaching plate-Visualization Model case circulation, does not arrhea solution dynamic, the ground in the full water stratum of simulation dynamic
It is lauched seepage effect, and solution height is remained constant.
(5) cement grout is prepared by the ratio of mud of experimental designs, has debugged parameter controllable type grouting pump, and according to reality
Proved recipe case sets slip casting rate and grouting amount.
(6) before slip casting, turn off Grouting Pipe one end valve, open exhaust valve, open grouting pump, make slurries will be in Grouting Pipe
Gas is displaced, and then, is turned off exhaust valve, is opened slip casting Pipe terminal valve, prepares slip casting.
(7) laser film source transmitter is opened, lasing area position is adjusted, opens CCD industrial camera, and by data gathering system
In data collection software open and debug.
(8) grouting test is carried out.
(9) after the completion of slip casting, the devices such as grouting pump, model casing is cleaned up, prevent cement slurry sets from blocking pipeline.
(10) data are handled using PIV data processing software, obtains being infused media interior displacement cloud atlas and vector
Figure, obtains the data such as displacement field, velocity field.
It can be seen from the above description that the application the above embodiments realize following technical effect:
Visualization Model case in the present invention, which is used, with transparent soil there is the organic glass of approximate refractive index to make, and realize dynamic
The visualization of slip casting diffusion overall process, provides foundation for theoretical research in state saturated sand.
The present invention records speckle by the laser film source transmitter, CCD industrial camera, data gathering system in real time
The variation of field；Overall process real time data acquisition and collection can be achieved.
The present invention can realize that multifactor slip casting influences to divide by adjusting the factors such as saturation head, slip casting rate, grouting amount
Analysis.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of visualization sand bed with saturated dynamic water osmotic grouting experimental rig, which is characterized in that including Visualization Model case,
Connected tank, grouting pump, leaching plate, oil pump, determine head water tank, laser film source transmitter, CCD industrial camera, data gathering system and
Grouting Pipe；
The Visualization Model case first passes through feed pipe for mortar by a grouting pump, then slurries are injected into it by Grouting Pipe；Bottom
Plate is disposed with uniform pore openings, and one layer of strainer is covered on bottom plate, and Visualization Model bottom portion is provided with connected tank, and connected tank passes through
Pipeline road is connected with oil pump, and the oil pump is connected with head water tank is determined；Described determines head water tank further through pipeline road
It is connected with the leaching plate for being placed on Visualization Model box top；It is visual to realize that Visualization Model case-oil pump-determines head water tank-leaching plate-
Change the circulation of model casing；Laser film source transmitter, the laser of laser film source transmitter transmitting are equipped in Visualization Model case side
Transparent soil is penetrated by Visualization Model case, forms uniform speckle field；The CCD industrial camera shooting direction is located at laser
The normal direction of plane, CCD industrial camera connect data gathering system, record the variation of speckle field in real time；
The Grouting Pipe with the transparent approximate lucite tube of soil material refractive index by being made；
The head water tank of determining is made by organic glass, is placed on Adjustable water tank rack.
2. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed pipe for mortar section outside Visualization Model case is set
There is an exhaust apparatus.
3. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Visualization Model case is close by having with transparent soil
It is made like the organic glass of refractive index.
4. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the head water tank of determining is placed on Adjustable water tank platform
On frame, to adjust the liquid level of mixed solution in model casing.
5. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the grouting pump is able to carry out constant speed rate and quantitatively infuses
Slurry, slip casting rate and grouting amount are adjustable.
6. experimental rig as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the exhaust apparatus is connected with Grouting Pipe.
7. a kind of test method of experimental rig as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
(1) by Visualization Model case, connected tank, determine head water tank and clean up and dry, guarantee the presence of not residual water；
(2) the transparent soil of certain altitude is prepared in Visualization Model case, and is put into vacuum tank and carries out vacuumize process, is removed
Bubble in transparent soil, improves the transparency of transparent soil；
(3) solution is higher by surface certain altitude when preparing transparent soil, according to not homogeneous experimental design different height；
(4) oil pump is opened, mixed solution in Visualization Model case is made to realize flow circuit, i.e. realization Visualization Model case-oil pump-
Determine head water tank-leaching plate-Visualization Model case circulation, does not arrhea solution dynamic, the underground water in the full water stratum of simulation dynamic
Seepage effect, and solution height is remained constant；
(5) cement grout is prepared by the ratio of mud of experimental designs, debugs the parameter of controllable type grouting pump, and according to experiment side
Case sets slip casting rate and grouting amount；
(6) before slip casting, turn off Grouting Pipe one end valve, open exhaust valve, open grouting pump, make slurries by the gas in Grouting Pipe
It displaces, then, turns off exhaust valve, open slip casting Pipe terminal valve, prepare slip casting；
(7) laser film source transmitter is opened, lasing area position is adjusted, opens CCD industrial camera, and will be in data gathering system
Data collection software is opened and is debugged；
(8) grouting test is carried out.
8. test method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that
After the completion of slip casting, grouting pump, model casing are cleaned up, prevent cement slurry sets from blocking pipeline；At PIV data
Reason software handles data, obtains being infused media interior displacement cloud atlas and polar plot, obtains the data of displacement field and velocity field.
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| CN107884325A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-06 | 南京科兴新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of experimental rig and test method for simulating campshed supporting foundation pit seepage failure evolution |
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| CN115184239A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2022-10-14 | 中国矿业大学 | Visual test device and method for fractured coal rock mass permeation grouting |
| CN109187272A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-11 | 天津大学 | A kind of interior sand grouting simulation test device and its test method |
| CN109187284B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-11-26 | 广东睿住住工科技有限公司 | Cement slurry testing equipment and method |
| CN109297872B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-05-02 | 山东科技大学 | Isotope tracking technology-based induced penetration grouting test device and test method |
| CN112284982B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2024-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Evaluation device for spreading and plugging performance of plugging agent on porous medium air-water interface |
| CN114034845A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-02-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Visual test device for simulating grouting of grouting holes in different positions of duct piece and test method thereof |
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