CN106285655B - Sandstone formation logging evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a sandstone formation logging evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: measuring actual formation resistivity, formation dip angle and anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation; determining corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter; and determining the water saturation of the sandstone formation according to the corrected formation resistivity, and performing logging evaluation on the sandstone formation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration, in particular to a sandstone stratum logging evaluation method.
Background
In the field of oil logging, a sand shale formation is generally considered to be horizontally stratified, a resistivity log is used for measuring horizontal resistivity, and due to the existence of formation anisotropy, when a high-steep formation or a well deviation condition is met, the measured resistivity is often different from the horizontal resistivity of an actual formation, so that errors can be generated when the water saturation is calculated by using the resistivity, and the interpretation errors of a hydrocarbon reservoir are caused.
The research on the response characteristics of anisotropic formation resistivity logging in the prior art can be traced back to the work of Kunz et al in 1958 for the first time, and the research and the response characteristics of ordinary resistivity logging on two semi-infinite anisotropic formations in a vertical borehole are provided for the first time. In 1979 Moran et al further studied the forward modeling problem of resistivity logging in anisotropic formations in slant wells systematically, provided forward modeling methods for common resistivity and induction logging in two semi-infinite anisotropic formations, and calculated the influence of borehole dip angle changes on resistivity values. In addition, in the last decade, with the need of thin interaction layer interpretation and evaluation work, a great deal of research is carried out on forward simulation and response characteristics of induction and high-frequency electromagnetic logging in anisotropic formations, and a method for identifying anisotropic formations and correcting and processing resistivity by applying the difference of response characteristics of induction or high-frequency electromagnetic logging in different inclined boreholes is proposed. However, the various methods proposed in the prior art for correcting the influence of the anisotropic formation on the resistivity are results of laboratory simulation, and when theoretical resistivity calculated according to the results of the laboratory simulation is used for hydrocarbon reservoir interpretation, errors often exist between the theoretical resistivity and actual petroleum and natural gas exploration results, and the storage condition of petroleum and natural gas in the sandstone formation cannot be accurately reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a sandstone formation logging evaluation method, which is used for solving the technical problem that the sandstone formation logging evaluation method in the prior art cannot reflect the real oil and gas storage condition.
The embodiment of the invention provides a sandstone formation logging evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
measuring actual formation resistivity, formation dip angle and anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation;
determining corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation inclination angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter;
and determining the water saturation of the sandstone formation according to the corrected formation resistivity, and performing logging evaluation on the sandstone formation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the determining a corrected formation resistivity from the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip, the coefficient of anisotropy for the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter, and the second correction parameter comprises:
according to
Determining a corrected formation resistivity;
wherein R ist' represents the corrected formation resistivity, R, of the sandstone formationtAnd representing the measured actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation, a representing the first correction parameter, b representing the second correction parameter, theta representing the formation inclination angle, and lambda representing the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, before determining the corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter, and the second correction parameter, the method further comprises:
determining theoretical formation resistivity of the sandstone through a forward modeling method;
comparing the actual formation resistivity with the theoretical formation resistivity, and determining the linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity;
and determining the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter according to the linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the first correction parameter has a value range of 0.4 to 1.4, and the second correction parameter has a value range of-1.5 to 1.5.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the first modification parameter is 0.8940, and the second modification parameter is 0.0464.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the
Wherein R ishFor resistivity in the direction of the sandstone bedding plane, RvIs the resistivity in the vertical direction along the sandstone bedding plane.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical formation resistivity is
Or
Or
Wherein R isaRepresenting the theoretical formation resistivity, R, of the sandstone formationvResistivity representing a bedding vertical direction of the sandstone formation; rhResistivity representing the bedding horizontal direction of the sandstone formation; rmRepresenting an average resistivity of the sandstone formation; theta represents the formation dip angle, and lambda represents the resistivity anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation;
in another embodiment of the present invention, before the measuring the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip angle, and the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the method further comprises:
collecting a rock sample of the sandstone formation;
drying the rock sample by adopting a constant-temperature drying method;
and vacuumizing and saturating the rock sample by mineralized saline water.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape, and enabling one surface of the cuboid shape to be parallel to a bedding plane of the rock sample; the measuring the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation comprises:
and measuring the resistivity of the rock sample in the bedding plane direction and the resistivity of the rock sample in the bedding plane vertical direction, and determining the anisotropy coefficient according to the resistivity of the bedding plane direction and the resistivity of the bedding vertical direction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape, and enabling two opposite measuring surfaces of the cuboid to form a formation dip angle theta with the bedding horizontal direction; and the actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation is obtained by measuring the two measuring surfaces of the cuboid through a resistivity measuring instrument.
According to the sandstone formation logging evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the corrected formation resistivity is obtained according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation inclination angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter which are obtained through measurement, the corrected formation resistivity is more accurate, the corrected resistivity is substituted into an Archie formula to calculate the obtained water saturation, and the resistivity correction formula in the sandstone formation logging evaluation method can reflect the formation fluid property more truly and can be used for accurately explaining and predicting the oil-gas layer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of testing the actual formation resistivity in a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 is a flow chart of a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 4a-4e are schematic diagrams showing a relationship between an actual formation resistivity Rt and a formation dip angle theta and a relationship between a theoretical formation resistivity Ra and the formation dip angle theta of different rock samples;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a linear relationship between actual formation resistivity and theoretical formation resistivity in a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing theoretical formation resistivity, actual formation resistivity, and corrected formation resistivity obtained according to embodiments of the present invention for one of the hydrocarbon wells in the sample depth area, and a comparison graph of water saturation curves obtained according to the above resistivities.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the sandstone formation logging evaluation method of this embodiment may include the following steps:
s101: measuring actual formation resistivity, a formation dip angle and an anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation;
specifically, prior to measurement, a rock sample of the sandstone formation is collected. In order to make the measured data of the rock sample more comparable to the log data, the size of the rock sample is as large as possible, in this example, the size of the rock sample is 10cm by 5 cm.
And then drying by adopting a constant-temperature drying method. And during drying, controlling the temperature to be 85 +/-5 ℃ for 48 hours until the core is constant in weight. And the average size and dry weight of the core was recorded. Drying the rock sample by adopting a constant-temperature drying method;
and vacuumizing and saturating the rock sample by mineralized saline water. Specifically, the core is saturated by pumping vacuum with NaCl type brine with the mineralization of 180000mg/L, the resistivity of 0.059 omega at 15 ℃ and the density of 1.1314g/cm3 for 48 hours until the core is constant in weight.
When measuring the anisotropy coefficient, firstly cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape to enable one surface to be parallel to the bedding plane of the rock sample, and then measuring the resistivity Rh of the rock sample in the direction of the bedding plane and the resistivity R of the rock sample in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane of the rock samplevAccording to the resistivity Rh in the direction of the bedding plane and the resistivity R in the direction perpendicular to the bedding planevDetermining the anisotropy coefficient. The anisotropy coefficient
Specifically, the bedding plane direction includes a first bedding plane direction parallel to one side of the rectangular parallelepiped and a second bedding plane direction perpendicular to the first bedding plane direction, and the anisotropy coefficient
Wherein R isvRepresenting the resistivity, R, of the rock sample in the direction perpendicular to the bedding planehxRepresenting the resistivity, R, of the first bedding plane direction of the rock samplehyAnd the resistivity of the second bedding plane direction of the rock sample is represented.
When the actual formation resistivity is measured, cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape, and enabling two opposite measuring surfaces of the cuboid to form a formation dip angle theta with the bedding horizontal direction; and the actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation is obtained by measuring the two measuring surfaces of the cuboid through a resistivity measuring instrument.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of testing the actual formation resistivity in a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In particular, referring to fig. 2, two opposite measuring surfaces of the cuboid rock sample 1 are clamped between two measuring electrodes 4 of a resistance measuring instrument 3 by means of a clamping device 2. The clamping pressure was 0.8 MPa. The two measuring surfaces are tightly coupled with the measuring electrode so as to ensure that the measuring result is accurate and effective. The resistivity value is measured as the first resistivity of the sandstone formation at a formation dip angle θ. And cutting the rock sample for multiple times to enable two opposite measuring surfaces of the cuboid to form a plurality of different formation dip angles theta with the bedding horizontal direction, and measuring the resistivity, so that the actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation at different formation dip angles theta can be obtained.
And recording the average size of the core and the weight of saturated brine, and obtaining the cross-sectional area and the corresponding vertical length of each measuring surface and the porosity of the brine at different formation dip angles.
S102: determining corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation inclination angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter;
specifically, the corrected formation resistivity is:
wherein R ist' represents the corrected formation resistivity, R, of the sandstone formationtRepresenting the measured actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation, a representing the first correction parameter, b representing the second correction parameter, theta representing the formation dip angle, and lambda representing the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the anisotropy coefficient
Wherein R ishFor resistivity in the direction of the sandstone bedding plane, RvIs the resistivity in the vertical direction along the sandstone bedding plane.
S103: and determining the water saturation of the sandstone formation according to the corrected formation resistivity, and performing logging evaluation on the sandstone formation. Specifically, the water saturation of the sandstone formation can be calculated by substituting the corrected formation resistivity into an Archie formula, so that the hydrocarbon reservoir of the sandstone formation is explained.
According to the sandstone formation logging evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the corrected formation resistivity is obtained according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation inclination angle and the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, which are obtained through measurement, and the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter, so that the water saturation of the sandstone formation can be more accurately determined according to the corrected formation resistivity, and the sandstone formation logging evaluation result conforming to the real geological condition is obtained.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, further, before determining the corrected formation resistivity, the method further includes the step of determining the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter, and the step specifically includes:
s201: determining theoretical formation resistivity of the sandstone through a forward modeling method;
specifically, the theoretical formation resistivity is
Or
Or
Wherein R isaRepresenting the theoretical formation resistivity, R, of the sandstone formationvResistivity representing a bedding vertical direction of the sandstone formation; rhResistivity representing the bedding horizontal direction of the sandstone formation; rmRepresenting an average resistivity of the sandstone formation; theta represents the formation dip angle, and lambda represents the resistivity anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation;
s202: comparing the actual formation resistivity with the theoretical formation resistivity, and determining the linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity;
specifically, determining theoretical resistivity R of the rock sample at different formation dip angles according to the formula (1)aAnd compared with the theoretical resistivity obtained by the previous measurement, the comparison result is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
From the above comparison results, it can be seen that the theoretical formation resistivity R is obtained from the formula (1)aThe value is obviously smaller than the actual formation resistivity R obtained by actual measurementtThe value is obtained. Actual formation resistivity value R obtained by experimental measurementtChanges with the stratum inclination angle in Rh～RvChange (R) invValue greater than RhValue) of R at an angle of 0 DEGhAt90 DEG is Rv(ii) a And the theoretical formation resistivity value Ra obtained by theoretical calculation is in Rh～(Rh*Rv)0.5In the meantime. The difference is related to the formation anisotropy coefficient and the formation dip angle, and generally, the larger the anisotropy coefficient is, the larger the difference between the measured resistivity and the theoretically calculated resistivity is; meanwhile, the larger the formation dip angle θ is, the larger the difference between the two is. Since the maximum resistivity can only be reached in theoretical calculations (R)h*Rv)0.5Instead of Rv. The maximum rate can only be reached (R)h*Rv)0.5Instead of Rv。
In addition, please refer to FIG. 4a-4e, 4a-4e are actual formation resistivities R of different rock samplestGraph relating to stratum dip angle theta and theoretical stratum resistivity RaAnd comparing the diagram with the stratum inclination angle theta. As can be seen from FIGS. 4a-4e, the theoretical formation resistivity value R is calculated from the theoretical formation resistivity when the formation dip is greater than 30aIt is significantly increased and needs to be corrected to remove the effects of formation dip and anisotropy coefficient factors. And the actual measurement result shows that when the stratum inclination angle is less than 20 degrees, the actual stratum resistance value RtThe formation resistivity needs to be corrected to a corrected formation resistivity that eliminates the effects of formation dip and anisotropy coefficient factors.
Therefore, the original theoretical resistivity calculation formula needs to be corrected to obtain the corrected formation resistivity R after accurately eliminating the influences of the formation dip angle and the anisotropy coefficient factort'。
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a linear relationship between actual formation resistivity and theoretical formation resistivity in a sandstone formation logging evaluation method according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the theoretical formation resistivity R is shown in Table 1tAnd the actual formation resistivity RtBy means of a linear fit to obtain the resistivity R of the formation in questionaAnd the actual formation resistivity RtIn particular, the linear relationship is Ra＝aRt+ b. Wherein a is the first correction parameter, and b is the second correction parameter.
S203: and determining the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter according to the linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity.
Specifically, due to differences of different stratums, the first correction parameter a is generally distributed between 0.4 and 1.4, and the second correction parameter b is generally distributed between-1.5 and 1.5, so that a corrected stratum resistivity value which is relatively consistent with an actual logging result can be obtained. Preferably, the first modification parameter a is 0.8940, and the second modification parameter b is 0.0464. In this case, the fitting degree of the linear relationship is 0.9036, and the relationship between the theoretical formation resistance value and the actual formation resistivity can be reflected relatively realistically.
That is, the corrected formation resistivity Rt is
According to the formula (2), the corrected formation resistivity value which best accords with the actual logging result can be obtained, and the formula can be suitable for resistivity correction of the tight sandstone high-steep formation.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a graph comparing theoretical formation resistivity, actual formation resistivity, and corrected formation resistivity of one of the hydrocarbon wells in the kvm zone, and a graph comparing water saturation curves obtained according to the above-mentioned various formation resistivities. Wherein the dip angle of the oil-gas well in the 6830-6960 meter depth section is 35 degrees, the measured actual formation resistivity value is AT90, and the calculated water saturation is SW 1; the corrected formation resistivity obtained according to equation (2) is RTHH and the calculated water saturation is SW 2; the theoretical formation resistivity value calculated according to the previous theoretical formula was RTMN and the calculated water saturation was SW 3. By contrast, the amount of correction for RTHH to AT90 is significantly greater than RTMN. In particular, in the 6851-6852.5 m depth range, if the resistivity is not corrected or corrected according to the previous theoretical formula, the calculated water saturation is about 60%, and the logging is interpreted as a water-containing gas layer, but the calculated water saturation is 90% according to RTHH, so the water layer is judged. Through the actual survey, the evaluation results from the RTHH are matched with the actual survey results.
Therefore, the sandstone formation logging evaluation method provided by the invention obtains the corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation inclination angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter of the sandstone formation, which are obtained through measurement, the corrected formation resistivity is more accurate, the water saturation obtained by substituting the corrected resistivity into the Archie formula for calculation is more accurate, and the resistivity correction formula in the sandstone formation logging evaluation method can more truly reflect the property of formation fluid and accurately explain and estimate the oil-gas layer.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sandstone formation logging evaluation method, comprising:
measuring actual formation resistivity, formation dip angle and anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation;
determining corrected formation resistivity according to the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip angle, the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation, a first correction parameter and a second correction parameter;
determining the water saturation of the sandstone formation according to the corrected formation resistivity, and carrying out logging evaluation on the sandstone formation;
determining theoretical formation resistivity of the sandstone by a forward modeling method; comparing the actual formation resistivity with the theoretical formation resistivity, and determining a linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity; and determining the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter according to the linear relation between the theoretical formation resistivity and the actual formation resistivity.
2. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 1, wherein determining a corrected formation resistivity from the actual formation resistivity, the formation dip, the sandstone formation anisotropy coefficient, the first correction parameter, and the second correction parameter comprises:
according to
Determining the corrected formation resistivity;
wherein R'tRepresenting the corrected formation resistivity, RtRepresenting the actual formation resistivity, a representing the first correction parameter, b representing the second correction parameter, θ representing the formation dip, and λ representing the anisotropy coefficient.
3. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first correction parameter has a value in a range of 0.4 to 1.4, and the second correction parameter has a value in a range of-1.5 to 1.5.
4. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 3, wherein the first correction parameter is 0.8940, and the second correction parameter is 0.0464.
5. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 2, wherein the anisotropy coefficient
Wherein R ishFor resistivity in the direction of the sandstone bedding plane, RvIs the resistivity in the vertical direction along the sandstone bedding plane.
6. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the theoretical formation resistivity is
Or
Or
Wherein R isaRepresenting the theoretical formation resistivity, RvRepresenting the resistivity in a direction perpendicular to the sandstone bedding plane; rhRepresenting resistivity along the sandstone bedding plane direction; rmRepresenting an average resistivity of the sandstone formation; θ represents the formation dip angle and λ represents the anisotropy coefficient.
7. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 1, further comprising, before measuring the actual formation resistivity of the sandstone formation, the formation dip angle, and the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation:
collecting a rock sample of the sandstone formation;
drying the rock sample by adopting a constant-temperature drying method;
and vacuumizing and saturating the rock sample by mineralized saline water.
8. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 7, further comprising: cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape, and enabling one surface of the cuboid shape to be parallel to a bedding plane of the rock sample;
the measuring the anisotropy coefficient of the sandstone formation comprises:
and measuring the resistivity along the direction of the bedding plane of the rock sample and along the direction vertical to the bedding plane of the rock sample, and determining the anisotropy coefficient according to the resistivity in the direction of the bedding plane and the resistivity in the direction vertical to the bedding plane.
9. The sandstone formation logging evaluation method of claim 7, further comprising: cutting the rock sample into a cuboid shape, and enabling two opposite measuring surfaces of the cuboid and the bedding plane direction of the rock sample to form a formation dip angle theta; and the actual formation resistivity is obtained by measuring the two measuring surfaces of the cuboid through a resistivity measuring instrument.
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