CN105675704A - ECT imaging system-based three dimensional full-open flame detection sensor - Google Patents
ECT imaging system-based three dimensional full-open flame detection sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于电学成像技术领域的一种基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。该火焰检测传感器由基体和绝缘底座两部分组成，基体为一段耐高温的刚玉圆筒，在刚玉圆筒外圆周上电镀屏蔽罩；在绝缘底座的上平面等分的电镀了八个底座电极，绝缘底座卡入刚玉圆筒的底端；屏蔽罩接地，且与所有电极不导通，即构成三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。本发明不仅可以获得传统的相同高度层的电极板之间的电容值，还可以获得不同高度层的电极板之间的电容值而具有三维特性。从而使该火焰检测传感器可应用于更广的测量对象。
The invention discloses a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on an ECT imaging system, which belongs to the technical field of electrical imaging. The flame detection sensor consists of two parts: a base body and an insulating base. The base body is a high-temperature-resistant corundum cylinder, and a shield is plated on the outer circumference of the corundum cylinder; eight base electrodes are plated on the upper plane of the insulating base. The insulating base is snapped into the bottom of the corundum cylinder; the shielding cover is grounded and not connected to all electrodes, which constitutes a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor. The invention not only can obtain the capacitance value between the electrode plates of the same height layer in the tradition, but also can obtain the capacitance value between the electrode plates of different height layers, and has three-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, the flame detection sensor can be applied to a wider range of measurement objects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电学成像技术领域，特别涉及一种基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical imaging, in particular to a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on an ECT imaging system.
背景技术Background technique
电容层析成像技术(ElectricalCapacitanceTomography,ECT)是一种将医学CT与现代检测技术结合、可用于多相流检测领域中的新型可视化监测技术。主要通过设置在管道外围的电容传感器阵列，获得测量区域内的不同传感器电极板之间的极间电容值，再经过数据采集系统系统和相应的信号处理及图像重建算法，重建出测量区域内部的二维/三维信息，实现对过程设备的非侵入式检测。Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a new visual monitoring technology that combines medical CT with modern detection technology and can be used in the field of multiphase flow detection. The inter-electrode capacitance value between different sensor electrode plates in the measurement area is obtained mainly through the capacitive sensor array arranged on the periphery of the pipeline, and then the data acquisition system and the corresponding signal processing and image reconstruction algorithm are used to reconstruct the capacitance value inside the measurement area. Two-dimensional/three-dimensional information to realize non-invasive detection of process equipment.
传统的声学和热量特性火焰检测方法，由于其检测器易受锅炉其他热源和声源的干扰而难以准确使用，不能满足大型发电设备对安全运行的要求。目前比较可行的研究方向主要有光学法和电学法，本发明是基于电学层析成像技术(ECT)。火焰在传感器中心圆孔内燃烧，由于火焰电离效应，导致传感器内部介质的电离子发生改变，引起八个电极片测量电容值的改变，因而电容值的变化反映了内部介质的变化，同时也反映出了这一时刻介质的分布情况。通过数据采集系统将电容值信号反映到计算机中，利用一定的算法进行图像重建，可以获得内部火焰图像，实现可视化火焰检测。The traditional acoustic and thermal characteristic flame detection methods are difficult to use accurately because their detectors are easily interfered by other heat sources and sound sources of the boiler, and cannot meet the requirements for safe operation of large-scale power generation equipment. At present, relatively feasible research directions mainly include optical method and electrical method, and the present invention is based on electrical tomography (ECT). The flame burns in the central hole of the sensor. Due to the ionization effect of the flame, the ionization of the internal medium of the sensor changes, which causes the change of the measured capacitance value of the eight electrode sheets. Therefore, the change of the capacitance value reflects the change of the internal medium and also reflects the change of the internal medium. The distribution of the medium at this moment is shown. Through the data acquisition system, the capacitance value signal is reflected to the computer, and the image is reconstructed by using a certain algorithm, and the internal flame image can be obtained to realize the visual flame detection.
传统的ECT三维重建方式是通过获得同一高度层中所有极板对间的测量电容值，根据得到的该层上二维图像阵列，然后在轴向上通过插值法进行估值延伸，获得三维重建图像。这种三维重建方法显然具有不可避免的误差，因此被许多学者称为伪三维重建。本发明提出的可实现三维可视化火焰检测的开放式传感器，可直接计算出基于不同高度层的三维敏感场，从而进行真正意义上的三维图像重建。The traditional ECT three-dimensional reconstruction method is to obtain the measured capacitance values between all pairs of plates in the same height layer, and then perform estimation and extension in the axial direction by interpolation method according to the obtained two-dimensional image array on the layer to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction image. This 3D reconstruction method obviously has inevitable errors, so it is called pseudo 3D reconstruction by many scholars. The open sensor that can realize three-dimensional visual flame detection proposed by the present invention can directly calculate three-dimensional sensitive fields based on different height layers, so as to perform three-dimensional image reconstruction in the true sense.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提出一种基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器The purpose of the invention is to propose a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on ECT imaging system
其特征在于，所述三维全开放式火焰检测传感器由绝缘底座和基体两部分组成，绝缘底座卡入刚玉圆筒的底端；在绝缘底座的上平面等分的电镀了八个底座测量电极，底座测量电极极板间的间隔角度α为5°,底座测量电极之间彼此绝缘，互不导通，通过数据线与数据采集系统连接,构成检测系统的测量电极；基体为一段耐高温的刚玉圆筒，在刚玉圆筒外圆周上电镀屏蔽罩，隔绝外界电磁对传感器的干扰，屏蔽罩接地，且与所有电极不导通；即构成三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。It is characterized in that the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor is composed of two parts, an insulating base and a substrate, and the insulating base is snapped into the bottom end of the corundum cylinder; eight base measuring electrodes are electroplated on the upper plane of the insulating base, The interval angle α between the base measuring electrode plates is 5°. The base measuring electrodes are insulated from each other and are not connected to each other. They are connected to the data acquisition system through data lines to form the measuring electrodes of the detection system; the substrate is a section of high temperature resistant corundum. The cylinder is plated with a shielding cover on the outer circumference of the corundum cylinder to isolate the external electromagnetic interference to the sensor. The shielding cover is grounded and is not connected to all electrodes; that is, it constitutes a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor.
所述刚玉圆筒的轴向高度为200mm,内半径80mm,外半径为88mm,管壁厚度为8mm。The axial height of the corundum cylinder is 200mm, the inner radius is 80mm, the outer radius is 88mm, and the tube wall thickness is 8mm.
所述底座电极材料为耐高温的不锈钢，内圆弧半径为40mm,外圆弧半径为80mm。The base electrode material is high temperature resistant stainless steel, the radius of the inner arc is 40mm, and the radius of the outer arc is 80mm.
所述基于电容层析成像系统的三维多层火焰检测传感器的检测装置，其特征在于，三维全开放式火焰检测传感器的底座测量电极彼此绝缘不导通，通过互不干扰的数据线接入数据采集系统，构成检测系统的测量电极；屏蔽罩接地；等离子体火焰燃烧器置于三维全开放式火焰检测传感器内，并通过通气管连接两个流量计之间的通气管上；其中，一个流量计通过一个截止阀与甲烷气罐连接；另一个流量计通过另一个截止阀与减压器和稳压罐连接；稳压罐装有压力表；其次数据采集系统分别连接成像系统和测量电极。The detection device of the three-dimensional multi-layer flame detection sensor based on the capacitance tomography system is characterized in that the base measurement electrodes of the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor are insulated from each other and are not connected to each other, and the data are connected through data lines that do not interfere with each other. The acquisition system constitutes the measurement electrode of the detection system; the shielding cover is grounded; the plasma flame burner is placed in the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor, and is connected to the ventilation pipe between the two flowmeters through the ventilation pipe; The meter is connected to the methane gas tank through a shut-off valve; the other flow meter is connected to the pressure reducer and the pressure-stabilizing tank through another shut-off valve; the pressure-stabilizing tank is equipped with a pressure gauge; secondly, the data acquisition system is connected to the imaging system and the measuring electrode respectively.
本发明的有益效果是该传感器在设计上放弃了传统的ECT传感器在测量空间上完全对称的平面型二维结构，本发明将传感器电极片布置在测量区域的底部，使得测量区域完全位于测量电极上方，与现有的技术相比，其优势在于，可以获得三维敏感场信息，验证了敏感场在空间上的“软场”特性。通过该检测系统，不仅可以获得传统的相同高度层的电极板之间的电容值，还可以获得不同高度层的电极板之间的电容值。而由于基部传感器在轴向上可检测到不同高度层测量区域内工质介电系数的变化，具有三维特性，克服传统三维检测在轴向上分辨率低，误差大的缺点，提高检测的可靠性。从而使该火焰检测传感器可应用于更广的测量对象。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the design of the sensor abandons the completely symmetrical planar two-dimensional structure of the traditional ECT sensor in the measurement space, and the present invention arranges the sensor electrode sheets at the bottom of the measurement area, so that the measurement area is completely located at the measurement electrodes Above, compared with the existing technology, its advantage is that the three-dimensional sensitive field information can be obtained, and the "soft field" characteristics of the sensitive field in space are verified. Through this detection system, not only the capacitance value between the electrode plates of the traditional same height layer can be obtained, but also the capacitance value between the electrode plates of different height layers can be obtained. And because the base sensor can detect the change of the dielectric coefficient of the working medium in the measurement area at different heights in the axial direction, it has three-dimensional characteristics, overcomes the shortcomings of low resolution and large error in the axial direction of traditional three-dimensional detection, and improves the reliability of detection sex. Therefore, the flame detection sensor can be applied to a wider range of measurement objects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on an ECT imaging system.
图2为ECT检测等离子体火焰实验装置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for detecting a plasma flame by ECT.
图3为不同高度层敏感场图像Figure 3 shows images of sensitive fields at different altitudes
(a)H＝10mm高度层上相邻电极对之间的敏感场图像(a) Sensitive field image between adjacent electrode pairs on the H=10mm height layer
(b)H＝10mm高度层上相对电极对之间的敏感场图像(b) Sensitive field image between opposite electrode pairs on the H=10mm height layer
(c)H＝10mm高度层上任意电极对之间的敏感场图像(c) The image of the sensitive field between any pair of electrodes on the layer with a height of H=10mm
(d)H＝60mm高度层上相邻电极对之间的敏感场图像(d) Sensitive field image between adjacent electrode pairs on the H=60mm layer
(e)H＝60mm高度层上相对电极对之间的敏感场图像(e) Sensitive field image between opposite electrode pairs on the H=60mm height layer
(f)H＝60mm高度层上任意电极对之间的敏感场图像(f) The image of the sensitive field between any pair of electrodes on the layer with a height of H=60mm
图中标号：1-底座,2-底座测量电极,3-刚玉圆筒，4-屏蔽罩，5-等离子体火焰燃烧器，6-数据采集系统，7-成像系统，8-压力表，9-稳压罐，10-减压器，11-截止阀，12-流量计，13-流量计，14-截止阀，15-甲烷气罐。Numbers in the figure: 1-base, 2-base measuring electrode, 3-corundum cylinder, 4-shield, 5-plasma flame burner, 6-data acquisition system, 7-imaging system, 8-pressure gauge, 9 -Surge tank, 10-pressure reducer, 11-stop valve, 12-flow meter, 13-flow meter, 14-stop valve, 15-methane gas tank.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提出一种基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器，下面结合附图予以说明。The present invention proposes a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on an ECT imaging system, which will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1所示为基于ECT成像系统的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器结构示意图。图中所示的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器由绝缘底座和基体两部分组成；基体为一段耐高温的刚玉圆筒3，绝缘底座1卡入刚玉圆筒3的底端；刚玉圆筒3的轴向高度为200mm,内半径80mm,外半径为88mm,管壁厚度为8mm。在绝缘底座1的上平面等分的电镀了八个底座测量电极2，底座测量电极2板间的间隔角度α为5°，底座测量电极为材料为不锈钢，内圆弧半径为40mm,外圆弧半径为80mm嵌入刚玉圆筒3的底端；在刚玉圆筒3外圆周上电镀屏蔽罩4，隔绝外界电磁对传感器的干扰，屏蔽罩接地，且与所有电极不导通，即构成三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor based on an ECT imaging system. The three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor shown in the figure is composed of two parts: an insulating base and a base; The axial height is 200mm, the inner radius is 80mm, the outer radius is 88mm, and the wall thickness is 8mm. On the upper plane of the insulating base 1, eight base measuring electrodes 2 are plated equally. The interval angle α between the base measuring electrodes 2 is 5°. The material of the base measuring electrodes is stainless steel. The radius of the arc is 80mm and embedded in the bottom of the corundum cylinder 3; the shielding cover 4 is plated on the outer circumference of the corundum cylinder 3 to isolate the interference of the external electromagnetic to the sensor, the shielding cover is grounded, and is not connected to all electrodes, which constitutes a three-dimensional full sensor. Open flame detection sensor.
图2所示为ECT检测等离子体火焰实验装置示意图。该三维全开放式火焰检测传感器的检测装置是将彼此绝缘的底座测量电极2通过数据线分别与数据采集系统6连接，等离子体火焰燃烧器5置于三维全开放式火焰检测传感器内，并通过通气管连接第一流量计12和第二流量计13之间的通气管上；其中，第二流量计13通过第二截止阀14与甲烷气罐15连接；第一流量计12通过第一截止阀11与减压器10和稳压罐9连接；稳压罐9装有压力表8；其次数据采集系统6分别连接成像系统7和底座测量电极2；屏蔽罩4接地，用于隔绝外界电磁对传感器的干扰，且与所有电极不导通，即构成三维全开放式火焰检测传感器。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the experimental device for detecting plasma flames by ECT. The detection device of the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor is to connect the base measuring electrodes 2 insulated from each other to the data acquisition system 6 respectively through data lines, and the plasma flame burner 5 is placed in the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor, and passed The vent pipe is connected on the vent pipe between the first flow meter 12 and the second flow meter 13; wherein, the second flow meter 13 is connected with the methane gas tank 15 through the second shut-off valve 14; the first flow meter 12 passes through the first cut-off valve The valve 11 is connected with the pressure reducer 10 and the surge tank 9; the surge tank 9 is equipped with a pressure gauge 8; secondly, the data acquisition system 6 is respectively connected with the imaging system 7 and the base measuring electrode 2; the shielding cover 4 is grounded to isolate the external electromagnetic Interference with the sensor, and not conducting with all electrodes, constitutes a three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor.
由于被测对象为火焰，燃烧温度常常在上千摄氏度，而传统的锡焊工艺制作的传感器工作温度上限仅在300℃左右，因而普通的绝缘材料与常规的制作方法已经无法满足测量火焰的实际需要。本发明在承受火焰较高温度的传感器基体选择了耐高温的绝缘材料95瓷制作成刚玉圆筒，绝缘底座1也是选择了耐高温的绝缘材料95瓷制作；各电极制作方法上也改进了传统工艺，采用电镀法，将电极电镀于刚玉圆筒绝缘底座1的上表面。改进后，通过测试，新型传感器最高可耐1500℃高温，符合燃烧实验的要求。Since the object to be measured is a flame, the combustion temperature is often thousands of degrees Celsius, while the upper limit of the working temperature of the sensor made by the traditional soldering process is only about 300°C, so ordinary insulating materials and conventional manufacturing methods can no longer meet the actual situation of measuring flames. need. In the present invention, the high temperature resistant insulating material 95 porcelain is selected as the corundum cylinder for the sensor substrate that bears the higher temperature of the flame, and the insulating base 1 is also made of the high temperature resistant insulating material 95 porcelain; each electrode manufacturing method also improves the traditional The process uses an electroplating method to electroplate electrodes on the upper surface of the corundum cylindrical insulating base 1 . After improvement, through testing, the new sensor can withstand high temperature up to 1500°C, which meets the requirements of combustion experiment.
在传统的电容层析成像系统中，通过相同高度层上的两两电极板之间的电容值，获得该截面测量区域内的电容值数据，结合二维有限元方法获得该平面内的二维敏感场，通过相应的图像重建算法，获得该截面的灰度值分布信息，再通过在高度方向上进行线性插值，实现三维图像重建。In the traditional electrical capacitance tomography system, the capacitance value data in the cross-sectional measurement area is obtained through the capacitance value between two electrode plates on the same height layer, and the two-dimensional finite element method in this plane is used to obtain the two-dimensional In the sensitive field, through the corresponding image reconstruction algorithm, the gray value distribution information of the section is obtained, and then the three-dimensional image reconstruction is realized through linear interpolation in the height direction.
对于ECT系统，获得测量区域重建图像的另一重要元素是敏感场。基于传统的传感器只能获得二维横截面敏感场，而对于本发明采用的三维全开放式火焰检测传感器，通过有限元计算得出三维电场值，再对其按以下公式进行点乘相加，可以得到三维敏感场的近似计算结果，具体计算公式如下：For the ECT system, another important element to obtain the reconstructed image of the measurement area is the sensitive field. Based on traditional sensors, only two-dimensional cross-sectional sensitive fields can be obtained, but for the three-dimensional fully open flame detection sensor adopted in the present invention, the three-dimensional electric field value is obtained through finite element calculation, and then it is point multiplied and added according to the following formula, The approximate calculation results of the three-dimensional sensitive field can be obtained, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
S(n,k)＝E(n,xi)*E(n,xj)+E(n,yi)*E(n,yj)+E(n,zi)*E(n,zj)，S(n,k)=E(n,xi)*E(n,xj)+E(n,yi)*E(n,yj)+E(n,zi)*E(n,zj),
其中：n＝1,2,…64*64；k＝1,2,…66；i＝1,2,…16；j＝1,2,…16；S(n,k)—表示敏感场矩阵；E(n,xi)，E(n,yi)，E(n,zi)—表示电场x,y,z方向上分量；可以看出，此敏感场亦包含了轴向信息，为三维成像敏感场矩阵。Among them: n=1,2,...64*64; k=1,2,...66; i=1,2,...16; j=1,2,...16; S(n,k)—represents the sensitive field Matrix; E(n,xi), E(n,yi), E(n,zi)—indicates the components of the electric field in the x, y, and z directions; it can be seen that this sensitive field also contains axial information, which is three-dimensional Imaging Sensitive Field Matrix.
由于图像重建所需要的两大因素：测量电容值矩阵和敏感场矩阵均包含了轴向信息，为三维矩阵，因此无需通过二维成像截面的线性插值即刻直接获得三维重建图像，实现了对测量对象的三维成像。从所获得的三维敏感场信息，验证了敏感场在空间轴向上的“软场”特性。通过该检测系统，不仅可以获得传统的相同高度层的电极板之间的电容值，还可以获得不同高度层的电极板之间的电容值。由于该传感器大大提高了重建图像的轴向分辨率，增强了测量信号，加强了距离基座传感器平面较远的区域内敏感场的强度，使得在较广的区域内具有较好的成像效果。Due to the two factors required for image reconstruction: the measurement capacitance value matrix and the sensitive field matrix both contain axial information and are three-dimensional matrices, so the three-dimensional reconstruction image can be directly obtained immediately without linear interpolation of two-dimensional imaging sections, realizing the measurement 3D imaging of objects. From the obtained three-dimensional sensitive field information, the "soft field" characteristic of the sensitive field in the spatial axis direction is verified. Through this detection system, not only the capacitance value between the electrode plates of the traditional same height layer can be obtained, but also the capacitance value between the electrode plates of different height layers can be obtained. Because the sensor greatly improves the axial resolution of the reconstructed image, enhances the measurement signal, and strengthens the intensity of the sensitive field in the area far from the sensor plane of the base, so that it has better imaging effect in a wider area.
为了说明敏感场在空间上轴向上的“软场”特性，选取三维敏感场在空间不同高度层平面敏感场的对比图像；如图3所示选取不同高度层有代表性的敏感场图像对比，(a)H＝10mm高度层上相邻电极对之间的敏感场图像；(b)H＝10mm高度层上相对电极对之间的敏感场图像；(c)H＝10mm高度层上任意电极对之间的敏感场图像；(d)H＝60mm高度层上相邻电极对之间的敏感场图像；(e)H＝60mm高度层上相对电极对之间的敏感场图像；(f)H＝60mm高度层上任意电极对之间的敏感场图像；可以看出，距离电极片平面距离较近的高度层平面敏感场强度高，数值较大，距离电极片平面较远的高度层平面敏感场强度弱，数值较小，说明敏感场在空间上也具有“软场”特性。In order to illustrate the "soft field" characteristics of the sensitive field in the spatial axial direction, the comparison images of the three-dimensional sensitive field at different height layers in space are selected; as shown in Figure 3, the comparison of representative sensitive field images at different height layers is selected , (a) Sensitive field image between adjacent electrode pairs on H=10mm height layer; (b) Sensitive field image between opposite electrode pairs on H=10mm height layer; (c) Arbitrary on H=10mm height layer Sensitive field image between electrode pairs; (d) Sensitive field image between adjacent electrode pairs on H=60mm height layer; (e) Sensitive field image between opposite electrode pairs on H=60mm height layer; (f )H=Sensitive field image between any pair of electrodes on the 60mm height layer; it can be seen that the height layer plane with a shorter distance from the electrode sheet plane has a higher sensitive field intensity and a larger value, and the height layer with a farther distance from the electrode sheet plane The intensity of the plane sensitive field is weak, and the value is small, indicating that the sensitive field also has the characteristics of "soft field" in space.
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