Karnataka
- Ing articulung iti tungkul ya keng estadu ning India. Para king progresibung banda, lawen ye ing Karnataka (band).
| ?ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ Karnataka India | |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Oras zona | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Lualas | 191,976 km² (74,122 sq mi)[1] |
| Tungku | Bangalore |
| Pekamaragul a lakanbalen | Bangalore |
| Distritu) | 29 |
| Populasiun • Pangasiksik |
52,850,562[2] (9th) • |
| Amanu | Kannada |
| Governor | Rameshwar Thakur |
| Chief Minister | B. S. Yeddyurappa |
| Established | 1956-11-01 |
| Legislature (seats) | Bicameral (224 + 75) |
| ISO abbreviation | IN-KA |
| Website: karunadu.gov.in/ | |
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Coordinates: Ing Karnataka (Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ, pronounced [kəɾˈnɑːʈəkɑː] ) metung yang estadu king mauli nang dake ning India. Melalang ya kanitang Novembri 1, 1956, aniang mipasar ya ing States Reorganisation Act. Aniang mumuna, ausan deng Estadu ning Mysore; megi yang Karnataka ing kayang lagiu kanitang 1973.
Ing Karnataka padurutan ne ning Dayatmalat a Arabu king albugan, Goa king pangulu-albugan, Maharashtra king pangulu, Andhra Pradesh king aslagan, Tamil Nadu king mauli-aslagan, ampong Kerala king mauli-albugan. Maki lapad yang 74,122 sq mi (191,976 km²) ing estadu, o 5.83% ning pangkabilugan nang lapad ning India. Iti ing pekamaragul a kawalung pekamaragul a estadu ning India king lapad, kasiam yang pekamaragul king populasiun, at maki 29 yang distritu. Ing Kannada (amanu) ing opisial a amanu, a dakal muring dili talapagsalita.
Lipat ning dakal la reng papamunikala dang penibatan ning lagiung Karnataka, ing tatanggapan da deng keraklan ya pin itang ibat ya ing Karnataka kareng katayang Kannada, karu ampong nādu, a mangabaldugang "makatas a gabun" (elevated land). Maliari ya muring dinan kabaldugan ing karu nadu antimong karu (matuling) ampong nadu (labuad o rehion), a tutungge king matuling a gabun bulak (black cotton soil) a mayayakit king labuad nang Bayaluseeme ning Karnataka. Aniang panaun ning pamaniakup ning Britania, gagamitan de ing katayang Carnatic (neng kai, Karnatak) ba lang ilarawan deng adua nang gilid ning peninsular India, king mauli ning Ilug Krishna.[3]
Kanita ya pang panaun a paleolithic ing pamanuknangan da reng tau king Karnataka, a pugad da murin deng mapilan kareng pekamasikanan a imperiu ning India aniang minunang panaun ampo aniang Edad Media. Deng filosofo ampong taladalit (musical bards) a sinuportan da reng imperiung deti miniuli lang pangimut a pang-ketawan ampong pangrelihiun (socio-religious) ampong pang-paniulat (literary) a miras angga king panaun a ini. Makabaldugan ing inambag ning Karnataka kareng aduang uri ning musicang clasicu king India, ing tradisiung Carnatic ampo ing Hindustani. Dakal lang dili tinggap a galal a Jnanpith (Jnanpith awards) king India. Ing Bangalore ing tungku (capitoliu o cabecera) ning estadu, at ya ing sentru ning masalusung paniulung king economia ampong tecnologiang maliliari king India ngeni.
Notes
- ↑ State-wise break up of National Parks. Wildlife Institute of India. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-12.
- ↑ Statistical Hand Book - Economic Indicators for All States. Government of Tamil Nadu: Department of Economics and Statistics. Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ↑ See Lord Macaulay's life of Clive and James Tallboys Wheeler: Early History of British India, London (1878) p.98. The principal meaning is the western half of this area, but the rulers there controlled the Coromandel Coast as well.
Dalerayan
- John Keay, India: A History, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, Concise history of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
- Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) ISBN 0-19-560686-8..
- R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras,1988, ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
- K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi ISBN 3987-10333
- Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400-1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, ISBN 81-250-2912-5
- Altekar, Anant Sadashiv [1934] (1934). The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during C. 750 A.D. to C. 1000 A.D. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. OCLC 3793499.
- Masica, Colin P. [1991] (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521299446.
- Cousens, Henry [1926] (1996). The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese District. New Delhi: Archeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233.
- Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, fourth edition, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-32919-1
- Foekema, Gerard [2003] (2003). Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000-1300 AD. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81-215-1089-9.