ISBN

International Standard Book Number (ISBN) ndi chizindikiritso cha buku lazamalonda chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chapadera. Osindikiza amagula ma ISBN kuchokera ku bungwe la International ISBN Agency.^[1]

ISBN imaperekedwa ku mtundu uliwonse wosiyana ndi kusintha (kupatula kusindikizidwanso) kwa chofalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, e-book, pepala lokhala ndi pepala lolimba la buku lomwelo aliyense adzakhala ndi ISBN yosiyana. ISBN ndi manambala khumi utali ngati idaperekedwa chaka cha 2007 chisanafike, ndipo manambala khumi ndi atatu ngati ataperekedwa pa 1 January 2007 kapena pambuyo pake. Njira yoperekera ISBN imayenderana ndi dziko lonse ndipo imasiyana mayiko, nthawi zambiri kutengera kukula kwa makampani osindikizira mkati mwa dziko.

Chidziwitso choyambirira cha ISBN chinapangidwa mu 1967, kutengera manambala 9 a Standard Book Numbering (SBN) omwe adapangidwa mu 1966. Mtundu wa ISBN wokhala ndi manambala khumi adapangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndipo adasindikizidwa mu 1970 ngati mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi. muyezo ISO 2108 (khode ya SBN yokhala ndi manambala 9 imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ISBN ya manambala 10 poyiyika ndi ziro '0').

Mabuku osindikizidwa mwachinsinsi nthawi zina amawoneka opanda ISBN. Bungwe la International ISBN Agency nthawi zina limapereka mabuku otere a ISBN pawokha.^[2]

Chizindikiritso china, International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), chimazindikiritsa zofalitsa zanthawi zonse monga magazini ndi manyuzipepala. International Standard Music Number (ISMN) imakhala ndi nyimbo zambiri.