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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Dorling, Jennifer; Bahr, Mark |
| Abstract: | Mental toughness (MT) has yet to be systematically compared among elite athletes. Key distinctions include individual resilience and team dynamics. The research included N=28 athletes from sports such as rugby (team sport) and mixed martial arts (MMA) (individual sport). By examining these differences, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MT across different sports contexts. Using the Repertory Grid Technique and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) for data collection and analysis, personal constructs of MT were examined (Kelly, 1955; Bell, 2001). Analysis revealed distinct themes such as perseverance, resilience, determination, composure, and integrity in individual athletes, contrasting with commitment, leadership qualities, and vulnerability in team sports participants (Clough et al., 2002; Jones & Harwood, 2008). Athletes also described strategies for developing and maintaining MT, crucial for performance in high-pressure environments. The study highlights MT's multidimensional nature and suggests expanding existing models to include interpersonal and emotional dimensions (Connaughton et al., 2008). Results advocate for the development of a new, more precise instrument for measuring MT, aiming to enhance diagnostic and interventional strategies. This research provides substantial implications for athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners, underlining the need for sophisticated application of MT across various sports disciplines. |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9bhnu&r= |
| By: | Hegarty, Tadgh; Whelan, Karl |
| Abstract: | Sports betting markets can be considered strongly efficient if expected returns on all possible bets on an event are equal. If this form of efficiency holds, then there is a direct mapping from betting odds into probabilities of outcomes of sporting events. We compare two regression-based methods for testing this form of efficiency that have been used in previous research: One that uses normalized probabilities as the explanatory variable for event outcomes and one that uses the inverse of the decimal odds. We show that the normalized probability method produces good tests of the null hypothesis of strong market efficiency but that the inverse odds method does not, with results biased against finding favorite-longshot bias. We illustrate this finding using large datasets of bets and outcomes for tennis and soccer and also with realistic simulations. |
| Keywords: | Betting Markets, Market Efficiency, Favorite-Longshot Bias |
| JEL: | G14 L83 |
| Date: | 2024–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121382&r= |
| By: | Subhashish M. Chowdhury (University of Sheffield); Dan Kovenock (Economic Science Institute, Chapman University); Anwesha Mukherjee (Department of Economics, University of Reading) |
| Abstract: | Contests are situations in which agents compete by irreversibly expending costly resources in an attempt to win a prize. Due to their applications in conflict, rent-seeking, organizational incentives, sports, litigation, and political campaigns, contests are widely applied in the social sciences. In this survey we summarize some main results and recent developments of experimental studies in contest theory. We also point out their broader applications in the social sciences. |
| Keywords: | Contest; Experiment; Conflict; Survey |
| JEL: | C91 C92 D72 D74 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chu:wpaper:24-12&r= |
| By: | Patrice Bouvet (Université de Poitiers - Faculté des Sciences du sport - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers); Flora Sfez (MPT [Cerege] - Management Public et Territoires [Équipe du Cerege] - CEREGE [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche en gestion - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers) |
| Abstract: | Football clubs manage the transfer of their players as opportunities during their professional lives. This paper investigates the contribution of real options theory to the management of player transfers in order to highlight the different future investment opportunities and the value of one of these opportunities. As a further application of this theory to a field of research that has not yet been fully explored, our framework of analysis leads to the identification of a decision support tool by identifying which player should be kept in the team and which player should be given priority for disposal. |
| Abstract: | Les clubs de football gèrent le transfert de leurs joueurs comme autant de possibilités offertes pendant leur vie professionnelle. Cet article se propose d'étudier la contribution de la théorie des options réelles à la gestion des transferts des joueurs pour mettre en évidence les différentes possibilités futures d'investissement et la valeur d'une de ces possibilités. Application supplémentaire de cette théorie à un terrain de recherche encore peu exploité, notre cadre d'analyse conduit à mettre en évidence un outil d'aide à la décision en identifiant quel joueur il faut conserver dans l'équipe et quel joueur il conviendrait de céder prioritairement. |
| Keywords: | real option theory, player transfer value, football clubs management, théorie des options réelles, valeur de transfert des joueurs, gestion des clubs de football. |
| Date: | 2023–02–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04603890&r= |
| By: | Matthes, Julian; Piazolo, David |
| Abstract: | Road cycling races, although won by individual riders, are a competition of teams. Riding behind other riders significantly reduces the energy required to hold a given speed. These races thus provide free-riding incentives. We introduce a game-theoretic framework of this strategic setup to analyze a team’s winning probability in various race situations and to examine group characteristics facilitating coordination. We complement our theoretical results with an empirical analysis using data from more than 40 seasons of professional road cycling races. Our model suggests that asymmetry in rider strength or team strength within a group is favorable for group coordination. Also, adding teammates to competing groups is beneficial because it leads to strategic benefits, increasing the free-riding opportunities in both groups. We find empirical evidence that a teammate in a group behind has a positive impact on win probability, indicating that such an effect indeed exists. |
| Keywords: | Coopetition; Free-riding; Diversification; Coordination; Sports Economics |
| Date: | 2024–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0751&r= |
| By: | Koji Yashiki |
| Abstract: | This study examines wage discrimination by birth month, with a focus on the labor market of professional baseball leagues in Japan. The results show that even after controlling for performance, the younger players in a given cohort had lower incomes. This wage discrimination is caused by the undervaluation of them at enrollment. More specifically, the biased evaluation of teams in terms of a player’s future success leads to the underpayment of the initial salary, which has a persistent impact on subsequent salaries. These findings suggest that improving the suboptimal hiring process can benefit teams and players. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tupdaa:51&r= |
| By: | Wu, Gerald; Lordan, Grace; Nikita, Nikita |
| Abstract: | Evidence from the lab suggests that women are not inclined to compete more than men, but the majority of this evidence relates to Western countries. Our study explores gender differences in the propensity to compete among Chinese individuals. The study uses an online survey distributed to undergraduate and postgraduate degree students in a university located in Shanghai and measures performance among Chinese men and women under different incentive schemes. The results of this study suggest that there are no differences in performance under competitive conditions between Chinese men and women. However, women perform slightly better than men when the element of risk is added in a competitive environment. This study underscores the importance of examining cultural nuances when evaluating gender dynamics in competition and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics in the Chinese context. |
| Keywords: | competition; China; gender differences; labor market; Global South; performance in competition |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123930&r= |