Ginseng

Ginseng^[1] atau jinsom^[2] adalah akar tumbuhan dalam genus Panax^[3] termasuk P. ginseng, P. notoginseng dan P. quinquefolius biasanya dicirikan oleh kehadiran ginsenosida dan gintonin.

Ia merupakan bahan lazim dalam perubatan tradisi dunia Timur sejak berkurun-kurun lamanya,^[4]^[5] namun keberkesanan ia sukar dibuktikan secara muktamad dalam kajian klinikal moden.^[6]

Peristilahan

Kedua-dua perkataan "ginseng" dan "jinsom" berasal dari sebutan Hokkien^[7]^:61 nama tumbuhan asal yang dituliskan sebagai 人蔘 (pinyin: rénshēn, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-simcode: nan is deprecated ):^[8]

人 (pinyin: rén) bermaksud "orang"
蔘 (pinyin: shēn) bermaksud "akar"^[9]

Kata gabung ini merujuk pada bentuk menonjol akar ini yang adakala bercabang dua menyerupai kaki manusia.^[10]

Jenis

Kegunaan

Bahagian akar tumbuhan digunakan secara dikeringkan baik secara penuh atau dalam bentuk kepingan. Daun-daun yang memucuk dari akar-akar pokok sejenis ini juga dimanfaatkan tetapi tidak lazim.^[11] Ginseng boleh dimasukkan dalam minuman tenaga atau teh herba dalam jumlah kecil atau dijual sebagai makanan tambahan.^[5]^[6]^[12]^[13]

Rujukan

^ "ginseng". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.
^ "jinsom". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.
^ Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology, by John K. Chen, Tina T. Chen
^ Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition by Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stonger, and Andrew Gamble 2004
^ ^a ^b "Ginseng". Drugs.com. 2019. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Asian ginseng". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. September 2016. Dicapai pada 10 February 2017.
^ Choi Kim Yok; Chong Siew Ling (Jun 2017). "Campur aduk bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Cina". Journal of Modern Languages. Universiti Malaya. 18 (1): 56–66. ISSN 2462-1986.
^ Medhurst, Walter Henry (1832). "蔘 som". A Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language: According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms: Containing about 12,000 Characters. Accompanied by a Short Historical and Statistical Account of Hok-këèn. Macao, China: Honorable East India Company's Press.
^ The word 參 shēn "plant root" itself, from Old Chinese *srəm, has been compared to words meaning 'root' in other languages of the Sino-Tibetan family such as Japhug tɤ-zrɤm "root", see Jacques, Guillaume (2015). "On the cluster *sr in Sino-Tibetan". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 43 (1): 215–223. doi:10.1353/jcl.2015.0001.
^ Oxford Dictionaries Online, s.v. "Ginseng Diarkibkan 2012-06-09 di Wayback Machine".
^ Wang, Hongwei; Peng, Dacheng; Xie, Jingtian (22 Oktober 2009). "Ginseng leaf-stem: bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions". Chinese Medicine. 4: 20. doi:10.1186/1749-8546-4-20. ISSN 1749-8546. PMC 2770043. PMID 19849852.
^ "Herbal supplements filled with fake ingredients, investigators find". CBS News. 3 February 2015. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.
^ Lindsy Liu (2019). "Side effects of ginseng supplements". US National Capital Poison Center. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.

Bacaan lanjut

Taylor, David (2006). Ginseng, the Divine Root: The Curious History of the Plant That Captivated the World. Algonquin Books. ISBN 978-1-56512-401-1.

Rencana botani ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] "ginseng". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.

[2] "jinsom". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.

[CMHP-3] Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology, by John K. Chen, Tina T. Chen

[:0-4] Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition by Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stonger, and Andrew Gamble 2004

[drugs-5] "Ginseng". Drugs.com. 2019. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.

[nccih-6] "Asian ginseng". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. September 2016. Dicapai pada 10 February 2017.

[7] Choi Kim Yok; Chong Siew Ling (Jun 2017). "Campur aduk bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Cina". Journal of Modern Languages. Universiti Malaya. 18 (1): 56–66. ISSN 2462-1986.

[8] Medhurst, Walter Henry (1832). "蔘 som". A Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language: According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms: Containing about 12,000 Characters. Accompanied by a Short Historical and Statistical Account of Hok-këèn. Macao, China: Honorable East India Company's Press.

[9] The word 參 shēn "plant root" itself, from Old Chinese *srəm, has been compared to words meaning 'root' in other languages of the Sino-Tibetan family such as Japhug tɤ-zrɤm "root", see Jacques, Guillaume (2015). "On the cluster *sr in Sino-Tibetan". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 43 (1): 215–223. doi:10.1353/jcl.2015.0001.

[10] Oxford Dictionaries Online, s.v. "Ginseng Diarkibkan 2012-06-09 di Wayback Machine".

[11] Wang, Hongwei; Peng, Dacheng; Xie, Jingtian (22 Oktober 2009). "Ginseng leaf-stem: bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions". Chinese Medicine. 4: 20. doi:10.1186/1749-8546-4-20. ISSN 1749-8546. PMC 2770043. PMID 19849852.

[cbs-12] "Herbal supplements filled with fake ingredients, investigators find". CBS News. 3 February 2015. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.

[liu-13] Lindsy Liu (2019). "Side effects of ginseng supplements". US National Capital Poison Center. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.

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