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IVIM analysis of brain tumors: an investigation of the relaxation effects of CSF, blood, and tumor tissue on the estimated perfusion fraction

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Abstract

Object

We sought to investigate the dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-related perfusion fraction (f) estimates on the transverse relaxation of brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), attempting to overcome the influence of CSF on conventional f maps.

Materials and methods

Eighteen patients with gliomas underwent DWI with 14 b-values (0–1,300 s/mm2) and two distinct echo times (TEs). Regions of interest representing tumour and normal brain tissue were analysed by calculating the f values for both TEs. A mask for pixels with relevant CSF partial volume was subsequently created. The f values were tested for significant differences.

Results

We found statistically significant differences between the two TEs in the f values for cortical and juxtacortical structures and non-enhancing areas of the tumour /oedema. Normal white matter and gadolinium-enhancing tumour tissue appeared insensitive to TE variation. In all tissue types examined, the masking of voxels with considerable CSF content was able to overcome issues of erroneous f estimation and calculation of f values insensitive to TE changes was feasible.

Conclusion

Due to the complex interaction in the relaxation rates of CSF, blood, and tumour tissue, the estimation of f values is affected by the choice of TE. Only f values in normal white matter and tumour tissue—which largely comprise blood voxels with minor CSF partial volume—may be clinically applicable in the present form of IVIM-based DWI analysis. Going a step further, and after removing voxels with heavily TE-susceptible f values, we were able to obtain accurate and TE-independent f values in contrast-enhancing tumour tissue, white matter, and grey matter, which were essentially consistent with those reported in the literature.

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Conflict of interest

The authors each declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standards

All human and animal studies were approved by the appropriate ethics committee and were therefore performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All persons gave their informed consent in written form prior to their inclusion in the study. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study were omitted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Sotirios Bisdas & Uwe Klose

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  1. Sotirios Bisdas
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  2. Uwe Klose
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Correspondence to Sotirios Bisdas.

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Bisdas, S., Klose, U. IVIM analysis of brain tumors: an investigation of the relaxation effects of CSF, blood, and tumor tissue on the estimated perfusion fraction. Magn Reson Mater Phy 28, 377–383 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-014-0474-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-014-0474-z

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