Imperium Ottomanicum

Imperium Ottomanicum (Ottomanice: دولتِ عَليه عُثمانيه, Devlet-i Aliye-i Osmaniye) plus quam sescentos annos fuit una ex maximis potentissimisque maris Mediterranei civitatibus.

Anno 1299 fundatum et anno 1923 dissolutum, tempore maximae potestatis in finibus suis terras Asiam Minorem, Illyriam, Arabiam, et Africam Septentrionalem tenebat.

Imperium a gente Turcicorum Oguzorum in Anatolia occidentali conditum est, et a progenie eorundem Turcorum regnatum. Imperator primus erat Ottomanus I, conditor imperii de cuius nomine (Arabice عُثمَان Uthmān) appellatio Ottomanorum venit. Constantinopolis, anno 1453 capta, deinde caput novum imperii fuit. Saeculo decimo sexto Suleimanus Magnificus, unus e ducibus maximis Ottomanicis, Bagdatum partemque magnam Hungariae cepit, et anno 1529 etiam Vindobonam obsedit, sed quia prae hieme urbem capere non potuit, mense Octobri regressus est.

Ottomani anno 1453 Constantinopolim, caput Imperii Romani Orientalis, ceperunt, et interdum in Europam Mediam progressi sunt, bis Vindobonam obsidentes, sicut anno 1529 et anno 1683 a die 17 Iulii usque ad diem 12 Septembris, cum foedus plurium civitatum Germanicarum et Poloniae Turcos vicit.

Saeculis decimo quinto et decimo sexto Ottomani Reipublicae Venetae multas colonias ceperunt sicut anno 1571 Cyprum, quam anno 1489 Catharina Cornaro, postrema regina Cypri, Reipublicae vendiderat et Marcus Antonius Bragadin frustra defendit, et anno 1669 Cretam .

Die 7 Octobris 1571 tamen in Proelio Lepanthino clara pugna navali iuxta Graecam urbem Naupactum, quam Italiani Lepanto vocant, civitates christianae Ottomanicos vicerunt.

Et in Asia et in Europa situm (exempli gratia Graecia, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, et Hungariae magna pars ad id pertinebant), imperium per totam suam historiam necessitudines et cum Orienti et cum Occidenti habebat. A saeculo decimo sexto imperium Ottomanicum etiam principatus Moldaviae, Valachiae et Transilvaniam Tartariamque Minorem in sua potestate habebat, quamquam hae civitates de iure liberae manebant.

Postea, sultani fines extendere non potuerunt, et imperium bella cum Persia, regno Poloniae et Lithuaniae, Ruthenia, imperio Austro-Hungarico gerens hebescebat.

Saeculo vicensimo ineunte imperium primo bello mundano a copiis foederatis, quibuscum et Arabi pugnabant, victum erat. Bello composito gubernatio collapsa est et victores terras imperii inter se dividerunt. Multae partes imperii secederunt; una ex quibus erat pars media imperii Ottomanici nomine res publica Turciae. Familia sultanorum e finibus Anatoliae exterminata est, imperioque maximo potentissimoque terminato, Kemal Ataturk hodiernam civitatem condidit.

Ante Imperium Ottomanicum vixit, Anatolia multos principes turcos habet et reliquum Byzantiis. (exempli gratia: Karamanicos, Ramazanicos Trebizonque)

• Bassa
• Collectio puerorum (Devsirme)
• Ianizari
• Ottomanidae

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