Ganden Tripa

Il Ganden Tripa (དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ, dga’ ldan khri pa; lett. "Colui che sta sul trono (ཁྲི་པ) del [monastero] di dga ldan) è la guida della tradizione buddista tibetana dge lugs, una tradizione di lignaggio ininterrotto, considerati successori del dotto e mistico Tsong kha pa (ཙོང་ཁ་པ, Tsongkhapa, 1357-1419), altrimenti conosciuto con il nome monastico di Blo bzang grags pa (བློ་བཟང་གྲགས་པ, Losang Drakpa), il bla ma che fondò il monastero di Ganden (Ri bo dga'ldan, རི་བོ་དགའ་ལྡན་, a 45 km a est di Lhasa) nel 1409 e con esso la stessa tradizione dge lugs.

L'originario impianto dottrinale di questa tradizione lo dobbiamo, oltre al già menzionato fondatore Tsong kha pa, ai due suoi più importanti seguaci e primi due dga 'ldan khri pas: Rgyal tshab Dar ma rin chen (རྒྱལ་ཚབ་དར་མ་རིན་ཆེན, Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen, 1364–1432) e Mkhas grub Dge legs dpal bzang (མཁས་གྲུབ་དགེ་ལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང, Kedrup Gelek Palsang, 1385–1438) i quali, unitamente al loro maestro, verranno appellati come rje yab sras gsum (རྗེ་ཡབ་སྲས་གསུམ, "il signore e i suoi due figli spirituali").

Allo stato attuale il successore di un dga’ ldan khri pa viene stabilito dal Dalai Lama, ogni sette anni, in base a un meccanismo pressoché automatico di meritocrazia, scegliendo da un gruppo di importanti ed eruditi bla ma.

Il metodo con cui avviene la selezione di questo lignaggio di grandi maestri non è quindi ereditario, né si basa sulla dottrina dello sprul sku, ma si fonda esclusivamente su un processo di studio e pratica estremamente vasti e profondi e attraverso l'esperienza di servire con competenza l'istituzione monastica, fino a occupare la posizione di abate di uno dei due collegi tantrici: rgyud stod (རྒྱུད་སྟོད) e rgyud smad (རྒྱུད་སྨད).

Lista dei dga’ ldan khri pa

1–25

	Nome	Anno di nascita-morte	Ganden Tripa	Traslitterazione Wylie	Ulteriori titoli
1.	Tsongkhapa, Lobsang Dragpa	1357–1419	1409–1419	tsong kha pa, blo bzang grags pa	Je Rinpoche (rje rin po che)
2.	Dharma Rinchen	1364–1432	1419–1431	dar ma rin chen	Gyeltshab Je (rgyal tshab rje)
3.	Khedrub Geleg Pelsang	1385–1438	1431–1438	mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang	1. Penchen Lama
4.	Shalu Lochen Legpa Gyeltshen	1375–1450	1438–1450	zhwa lu lo chen legs pa rgyal mtshan	–
5.	Lodrö Chökyong	1389–1463	1450–1463	blo gros chos skyong	–
6.	Chökyi Gyeltshen	1402–1473	1463–1473	chos kyi rgyal mtshan	1. Tatshag Rinpoche (rta tshag rin po che)
7.	Lodrö Tenpa	1402–1476	1473–1476(79)	blo gros brtan pa	–
8.	Mönlam Legpe Lodrö	1414–1491	1480–1489	smon lam legs pa'i blo gros	–
9.	Lobsang Nyima	1439–1492	1490–1492	blo bzang nyi ma	–
10.	Yeshe Sangpo	1415–1498	1492–1498	ye shes bzang po	–
11.	Lobsang Dragpa	1422/1429–1511	1499–1511	blo bzang grags pa	–
12.	Jamyang Legpe Lodrö	1450–1530	1511–1516	jam dbyangs legs pa'i blo gros	–
13.	Chökyi Shenyen (Dharmamitra)	1453–1540	1516–1521	chos kyi bshes gnyen	–
14.	Rinchen Öser	1453–1540	1522–1528	rin chen 'od zer	–
15.	Penchen Sönam Dragpa	1478–1554	1529–1535	pan chen bsod nams grags pa	(gzims khang gong ma)
16.	Chökyong Gyatsho	1473–1539	1534–1539	chos skyong rgya mtsho	4. Lab Kyabgön (lab skyabs mgon)
17.	Dorje Sangpo	1491–1554	1539–1546	rdo rje bzang po	–
18.	Gyeltshen Sangpo	1497–1548	1546–1548	rgyal mtshan bzang po	–
19.	Ngawang Chödrag	1501–1551/1552	1548–1552	ngag dbang chos grags	–
20.	Chödrag Sangpo	1493–1559	1552–1559	chos grags bzang po	–
21.	Geleg Pelsang	1505–1567	1559–1565	dge legs dpal bzang	–
22.	Gendün Tenpa Dargye	1493–1568	1565–1568	dge 'dun bstan pa dar rgyas	–
23.	Tsheten Gyatsho	1520–1576	1568–1575	tshe brtan rgya mtsho	–
24.	Champa Gyatsho	1516–1590	1575–1582	byams pa rgya mtsho	–
25.	Peljor Gyatsho	1526–1599	1582–?	dpal 'byor rgya mtsho	–

26–50

	Nome	Anno di nascita-morte	Ganden Tripa	Traslitterazione Wylie	Ulteriori titoli
26.	Damchö Pelbar	1523/1546–1599	1589–1596	dam chos dpal 'bar	–
27.	Sanggye Rinchen	1540–1612	1596–1603	sangs rgyas rin chen	–
28.	Gendün Gyeltshen	1532–1605/1607	1603–?	dge 'dun rgyal mtshan	–
29.	Shenyen Dragpa	1545–1615	1607–1615	bshes gnyen grags pa	–
30.	Lodrö Gyatsho	1546–1618	1615–1618	blo gros rgya mtsho	5. Lab Kyabgön
31.	Damchö Pelsang	1546–1620	1618–1620	dam chos dpal bzang	–
32.	Tshülthrim Chöphel	1561–1623	1620–1623	tshul khrims chos 'phel	–
33.	Dragpa Gyatsho	1555–1627	1623–1627	grags pa rgya mtsho	–
34.	Ngawang Chökyi Gyeltshen	1571/1575–1625/1629	1623, 1627/1628(?)	ngag dbang chos kyi rgyal mtshan	–
35.	Könchog Chöphel	1573–1644	1626–1637	dkon mchog chos 'phel	–
36.	Tendzin Legshe	?–1664	1638?	bstan 'dzin legs bshad	–
37.	Gendün Rinchen Gyeltshen	1571–1642	1638–1642	dge 'dun rin chen rgyal mtshan	–
38.	Tenpa Gyeltshen	?–1647	1643–1647	bstan pa rgyal mtshan	–
39.	Könchog Chösang	?–1672/1673	1644(?)/1648–1654	dkon mchog chos bzang	–
40.	Pelden Gyeltshen	1601–1674	1651/1654/1655–1662	dpal ldan rgyal mtshan	–
41.	Lobsang Gyeltshen	1599/1600–1672	1658/1662–1668	blo bzang rgyal mtshan	–
42.	Lobsang Dönyö	1602–1678	1668–1675	blo bzang don yod	Namdak Dorje
43.	Champa Trashi	1618–1684	1675–1681	byams pa bkra shis	–
44.	Ngawang Lodrö Gyatsho	1635–1688	1682–1685	ngag dbang blo gros rgya mtsho	–
45.	Tshülthrim Dargye	1632–?	1685/1695–1692/1699	tshul khrims dar rgyas	–
46.	Ngawang Pelsang	1629–1695	?	ngag dbang dpal bzang	Chinpa Gyatsho
47.	Lobsang Chöphel	XVII sec.	1699–1701	blo bzang chos 'phel	–
48.	Döndrub Gyatsho	XVII sec.	1702–1708	don grub rgya mtsho	–
49.	Lobsang Dargye	XVII sec.	1708–1715	blo bzang dar rgyas	–
50.	Gendün Phüntshog	?–1724	1715–1722	dge 'dun phun tshogs	–

51–75

	Nome	Anno di nascita-morte	Ganden Tripa	Traslitterazione Wylie	Ulteriori titoli
51.	Pelden Dragpa	?–1729	1722–1729	dpal ldan grags pa	1. hor tshang gser khri
52.	Ngawang Tshephel	1668–1734	1730–1732	ngag dbang tshe 'phel	–
53.	Gyeltshen Sengge	1678–1756	1732–1739	rgyal mtshan seng ge	1. gtsos khri sprul
54.	Ngawang Chogden	1677–1751	1739–1746	ngag dbang mchog ldan	1. Reting Rinpoche (rwa sgreng)
55.	Ngawang Namkha Sangpo	1690–1749/1750	1746–1749/1750	ngag dbang nam mkha' bzang po	1. Samtsha Rinpoche
56.	Lobsang Drime	1683–?	1750–1757	blo bzang dri med	–
57.	Samten Phüntshog	1703–1770	1757–1764	bsam gtan phun tshogs	–
58.	Chakyung Ngawang Chödrag	1707–1778	1764–1778?	bya khyung ngag dbang chos grags	–
59.	Chusang Ngawang Chödrag	1710–1772	1771–1772?	chu bzang ngag dbang chos grags	–
60.	Lobsang Tenpa	1725–?	6 Jahre	blo bzang bstan pa	–
61.	Ngawang Tshülthrim	1721–1791	1778–1785	ngag dbang tshul khrims	1. Tshemön Ling
62.	Lobsang Mönlam	1729–1798	1785–1793	blo bzang smon lam	–
63.	Lobsang Khechog	1736–1792	1792 (6 Monate)	blo bzang mkhas mchog	–
64.	Lobsang Trashi	1739–1801	1794–1801	blo bzang bkra shis	–
65.	Gendün Tshülthrim	1744–1807	?	dge 'dun tshul khrims	–
66.	Ngawang Nyendrag	1746–1824	1807–1814	ngag dbang snyan grags	–
67.	Jamyang Mönlam	1750–1814/1817	1814 (3 Monate)	'jam dbyangs smon lam	–
68.	Lobsang Geleg	1757–1816	1815–1816	blo bzang dge legs	–
69.	Changchub Chöphel	1756–1838	1816–1822	byang chub chos 'phel	–
70.	Ngawang Chöphel	1760–1839	1822–1828	ngag dbang chos 'phel	stag brag pandi ta, 1.stag brag
71.	Yeshe Thardo	1756–1829/1830	1829–1830	ye shes thar 'dod	–
72.	Jampel Tshülthrim	XIX sec.	1831–1837	'jam dpal tshul khrims	1. khams lung
73.	Ngawang Jampel Tshülthrim Gyatsho	1792–1862/1864	1837–1843	ngag dbang 'jam dpal tshul khrims rgya mtsho	2. Tshemön Ling
74.	Lobsang Lhündrub	XIX sec.	?	blo bzang lhun grub	–
75.	Ngawang Lungtog Yönten Gyatsho	XIX sec. –1853?	1850–1853	ngag dbang lung rtogs yon tan rgya mtsho	–

76–103

	Nome	Anno di nascita-morte	Ganden Tripa	Traslitterazione Wylie	Ulteriori titoli
76.	Lobsang Khyenrab Wangchug	?–1872	1853–1870	blo bzang mkhyen rab dbang phyug	–
77.	Tshülthrim Dargye	?	1859?–1864?	tshul khrims dar rgyas	–
78.	Jamyang Damchö	XIX sec.	1864?–1869?	jam dbyangs dam chos	–
79.	Lobsang Chinpa	XIX sec.	1869?–1874?	blo bzang sbyin pa	–
80.	Dragpa Döndrub	XIX sec.	1874?–1879?	grags pa don grub	–
81.	Ngawang Norbu	XIX sec.	1879?–1884?	ngag dbang nor bu	–
82.	Yeshe Chöphel	XIX sec.	1884?–1889?	ye shes chos 'phel	–
83.	Changchub Namkha	XIX sec. .	1889?–1894?	byang chub nam mkha'	–
84.	Lobsang Tshülthrim	XIX sec.	1894?–1899?	blo bzang tshul khrims	–
85.	Lobsang Tshülthrim Pelden	1839–1899/1900	1896–1899/1900	blo bzang tshul khrims dpal ldan	–
86.	Lobsang Gyeltshen	1840–?	1900–1907?	blo bzang rgyal mtshan	–
87.	Ngawang Lobsang Tenpe Gyeltshen	1844–1919	1907–1914	ngag dbang blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan	3. Tshemön Ling
88.	Khyenrab Yönten Gyatsho	XIX sec.	1914?–1919	mkhyen rab yon tan rgya mtsho	Drigungpa Khyenrab Yönten
89.	Lobsang Sanggye Gyatsho	XIX-XX sec.	1919?–1924?	blo bzang snyan grags rgya mtsho	–
90.	Champa Chödrag	1876–1937/1947	1920/1921–1926	byams pa chos grags	–
91.	Lobsang Gyeltshen	?–1932	1927–1932	blo bzang rgyal mtshan	–
92.	Thubten Nyinche	?–1933?	1933	thub bstan nyin byed	1. gtsang pa khri sprul
93.	Yeshe Wangden	XX sec.	1933–1939	ye shes dbang ldan	1. mi nyag khri sprul
94.	Lhündrub Tsöndrü	?–1949	1940–1946	lhun grub brtson 'grus	Shangpa Lhündrub Tsöndrü
95.	Trashi Tongthün	XX sec.	1947–1953	bkra shis stong thun	–
96.	Thubten Künga	1891–1964	1954/1958–1964	thub bstan kun dga	–
97.	Thubten Lungtog Tendzin Thrinle	1903–1983	1965–	thub bstan lung rtogs bstan 'dzin 'phrin las	Ling Rinpoche
98.	Jampel Shenpen	1919–1988/1989?	?	'jam dpal gzhan phan	–
99.	Yeshe Dönden	?–1995	?	ye shes don ldan	–
100.	Lobsang Nyima	1928	1995–2003	blo bzang nyi ma	–
101.	Lungrig Namgyel	1927	2003–2009	lung rig rnam rgyal	2. ri rdzong sras sprul
102.	Thubten Nyima Lungtog Tendzin Norbu	1937-	2009–2016	thub bstan nyi ma lung rtogs bstan 'dzin nor bu	Rizong Rinpoche
103.	Jetsun Lobsang Tenzin	1937	2017

Bibliografia

Robert E. Buswell Jr. & Donald S. Lopez Jr., (a cura di), Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University Press, 2013.

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Ganden Tripa

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