Table of contents

Preface

The processes of globalization has not only facilitated the opening of economic boundaries, but also made the most advanced achievements in information and communication technologies available to many countries. These technologies have become the basis of the new digital infrastructure of society.

The Second International Scientific Conference "Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service" (DTMIS-2018), held at the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, brought together experts from academia and work experience to discuss theoretical aspects, identify problems and find practical solutions for digital transformation on manufacturing, infrastructure and service.

The agenda of the Conference consisted of following topics of discussion: (1) industrial and social infrastructure digitalization; (2) business management in digital environment; (3) digital transformation in government and financial sector; (4) economic efficiency and social consequences of innovations; (5) digital economy and Industry 4.0 development; (6) safety of consumer goods within the concept "Internet of Things"; (7) modern decisions innovative development of trade; (8) quality management and competitive recovery of enterprises at digital economies.

The scientific works presented at the conference and published as articles were reviewed and approved by the Program Committee of the International Conference "Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service" (DTMIS-2018). The sufficiently high scientific level of the presented articles should undoubtedly catch a wide range of international readers' interest.

The papers present original and significant ideas or results in theory and practice, and can be considered new knowledge on the key topics of the conference. The conference also became a platform for renewing long-lasting and establishing new contacts for representatives of the scientific and business community.

The results of the conference showed the possibility of mobilizing intellectual forces to develop new approaches to the enhancement of production systems in the context of the broad digitalization of modern society. Over 260 people attended the conference, representing Universities and business communities of Russia, China, Poland, USA, Germany, Indonesia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.

We express special gratitude to the members of the Organizational and Program Committees of the Conference, the University and all participants who contributed to the work of the conference and the publication of these materials.

Professor, Dr. Vitaly Sergeev

Chairman DTMIS-2018

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The main principles of blockchain operation and its main advantages of efficiency increase of investment and construction activity (ICA) participants' interaction are described in this article. Blockchain process operation principles in a technical sense are stated. Practical examples of efficiency increase of ICA participants' interaction with the use of blockchain process in Russia and abroad are given. The main trends and results of blockchain use in construction domain are systematised. Potential of blockchain process use in development of the system of ICA participants' interaction is described. Specific features and advantages of blockchain use in construction domain are highlighted. The main problems requiring improvement of normative and methodical base while developing blockchain within ICA participants' interaction are analysed. The article gives a review of blockchain influence on improvement of the process of ICA participants' interaction.

Development of information and communication technologies gave people an opportunity to exchange information, services, content and ideas leading to occurrence of new business-models, formation of new trends of socio-economic development of society. Innovations do not determine future, but they offer choices and formulate questions to be responded by the new generation. Challenges associated with labour productivity, economic growth and reduction of expenses correlate with unemployment, total control and deep penetration of digital technologies into everyday life of a human being. The article describes development features of digital platforms, the method of value creation of digital interaction by means of integration of clients and service providers, manufacturers and buyers of goods and also partners on ecological system by formation of network effect. Digital platforms have more reliable sources of competitive advantage that provides higher potential for future growth not of individual companies only, but of national economies as a whole.

The present article is addressing theoretical aspects of self-developing regions evaluation under digital economy conditions. The present article is (i) giving evaluation of main Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) regions in accordance with self-developing region identification methodology proposed by domestic scientists and (ii) substantiating the necessity of additional investigations aiming to identify the criteria of self-developing region. It is presenting analysis of problems associated with NWFD rural areas endogenous development under digital economy conditions. It has been found that in digital economy conditions any region acquires additional possibilities for self-development including also local population's entrepreneurial activity growth without sacrificing the authentic territorial features. The paper presents indicators of digital economy development in RF rural areas and identifies strategic objectives which, if achieved by country inhabitants, will help them use digital economy advantages and facilitate region's socio-economic development.

The importance of incorporating innovations in construction under modern economic conditions has been substantiated in the article. The author has explored the main scientific approaches to determining construction operations and specific features of the constituent components thereof. The key problems of the construction sphere, which demand application of technological innovations, have been classified. Consideration has been given to peculiarities and key aspects of incorporating innovations in construction in accordance with designated problems with the aim of increasing efficiency of the production process. Essential innovative solutions applicable to the practices of construction activity abroad and in Russia in accordance with the stages of implementation of the investment and construction project have been analyzed. Investigation of basic advantages and risks of incorporating innovations in construction has been carried out. The author has articulated major proposals aimed at solving revealed problems of the construction sphere by means of innovative technologies. The problems obstructing incorporation of up-to-date innovative technologies in construction have been explored and the ways of solving thereof have been proposed.

Development of electric power enterprises currently attracts plenty of attention. The problem of replacing and modernizing fixed assets is particularly important. But no simple solution to this problem at present conditions is available due to the fact that outdated equipment with the same technical characteristics is quite often no longer available. In this case, it may be necessary to modernize the electricity sector, taking into account the newest technological base that realizes the energy-saving potential of the new technological structure, renewable energy sources, smart grids. Theoretical approaches to develop investment programs by electric power enterprises (EPE) are proposed. They differ from the previously available ones by providing convenient presentation and evaluation method and tools for assessments, determining the degree of influence of each element of the investment program (capital investment system) on achievement of target indicators, while considering type of investment object and priority of the investment direction. The developed method allows you to move to artificial intelligence systems for the formation of strategies in the digital economy.

The specifics and challenges of securing Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in the age of Digital Transformation are proposed in the paper. Providing sustainability is considered as the main safety challenge while securing ICS systems. Secure information sharing between participants of Digital Manufacturing process and their segments is considered as the main information security challenge of a new production paradigm. Available technics and the drawbacks thereof to provide ICS security in the context of sustainability are mentioned. To meet the challenges an approach based on garlic routing principals is proposed to secure communications and provide stable manufacturing process due to providing information flaws availability and integrity in between different segments.

Concepts of telemedicine and Internet of things (IoT) are steadily developing and becoming important issues for today's society. Possibility of (I) patients electronic cards storage, (II) remote consultations with specialists, (III) continuous monitoring of vital indicators makes information technologies (IT) a driver of health care environment development. Furthermore, modern IT make today's health care more qualitative and accessible for population. This investigation is intended to affirm feasibility of telemedicine and Internet of things concepts application in the RF Arctic zone aiming to reduce disease and accident risks. Investigation results may be used as a basis for designing and implementation of IT-solutions in regard of remote monitoring of patient's biometrics.

The urgency of the research is determined by the acuity of the following problem for Russian machine building enterprises: making decisions on cooperation and insufficient degree of its scientific-practical elaboration as related to its tools applied to the digital economy conditions. The aim of the research: working out a generalized algorithm of making decisions on practicability of cooperation for machine building enterprises in the context of digital economy. The scientific result and novelty: based on the analysis of the external and internal environment of machine building enterprises in the context of digital economy and on revealing the factors which require accounting when making decisions on cooperation, a generalized algorithm has been worked out for making decisions on practicability of cooperation for machine building enterprises in the context of digital economy which differs by complexity of accounting of technical and process design, organizational and economic peculiarities of science-based high-technology production in machine building and by complexity of accounting of risks for economic security of machine building enterprises at the strategic, tactical and operational levels of management in the context of digital economy. Further direction of the research: elaboration and practical implementation, as exemplified by the calculation methodology of complex technical and economic substantiation of cooperation practicability for machine building enterprises in the context of digital economy. Theoretical relevance of the research results: developing the theory of economy, organization and management of enterprises, branches, industrial complexes as related to the tools of economic substantiation of management decisions on cooperation in relation to machine building enterprises in the context of digital economy. Practical significance: the elaborated tools and practical recommendations on its use will allow machine building enterprises to apply them in management practice in the context of digital economy for solving cooperation problems by means of greater substantiation of decisions, with the help of increasing the efficiency of the current activity and providing stability of development for the future.

The article discusses the relevance of the public procurement management system in the construction industry under conditions of digital economy. The main approaches to the formation of an effective mechanism of state management of the procurement system in construction industry taking into account the peculiarities of digital economy are disclosed. It is shown by the example of international experience that the transition of the public procurement system to digital technologies provides a number of competitive advantages to participants in the investment and construction market. The main procurement functions performed by the public procurement management tools using digital technologies are systematized. The features and practical aspects of public procurement management in the construction industry using digital technologies are considered. The most successful implemented projects in the field of procurement management for state needs are presented. The author formulates the main directions for improving the implementation of modern public procurement tools in construction in conditions of the digital economy.

Construction sphere is standing at the threshold of large-scale transformation based on innovations and digital technologies. These changes will result not only in reduction of investment-construction project life cycle and improve their economic efficiency but will also force organizations to more widely evaluate their competitiveness and position in the market. Purpose of this paper – analysis of theoretical approaches to digital transformation of the companies, revealing of specific features and problematic issues regarding certain transformations occurring in construction organizations, analysis of local and foreign experience of implementation of digital tools intended to improve efficiency of cooperation with clients, employment of new forms and methods of business process management, development and fulfillment of up-to-date business models. Digital systems enable the company managers to more profoundly comprehend the production process and its economic efficiency, regional features of markets and client demands.

The article describes results of a research performed by its authors at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University with the main purpose to determine the status of usage of digital technologies and state-of-the-art communication means by students while studying, and also to make conclusions on achievements in digital competences formation and readiness of university students to work for the future digital industry. The research was conducted on the basis of questionnaire prepared by the authors of the article comprising three sections and including 18 questions. The total number of respondents made 187 persons from two University institutes. Analysis of the results obtained was made both on the whole selection and on the areas of focus and students' readiness levels. Conclusions were made regarding the substantial part of students who are conservative toward up-to-date Information and Communication technologies, and, consequently, the insufficient level of digital competences of these students that may cause problems in the future, during Industry 4.0 companies staffing. Recommendations on solving the problem identified are given in the article.

In the article, methods of SWOT-analysis of digital technologies for industrial enterprises are considered. It is shown that existing methods have disadvantages associated with obtaining objective and reliable expert estimates. To solve this problem, an approach is proposed to implement the idea of SWOT-analysis of technologies. This approach is based on the theory of system regularity and information assessments of A. A. Denisov. The research found that idea of SWOT-analysis of technologies that is based on the theory of system regularity and information assessments of A. A. Denisov, has a number of advantages, such as a convenient processing of estimates, the ability to combine probabilistic estimations with quantitative deterministic characteristics, which contributes to an increase in objectivity and reliability of estimates. Furthermore, it allows, based on changing measured deterministic parameters, to obtain the dynamics of changes in the degree of influence of sub-goals, factors, and means for the realization of the objectives of the enterprise.

The present article is substantiating the need of organization-management paradigm transition from cost (value)-based to that oriented on lead time reduction. The authors are presenting and describing basic provisions and assumptions of this approach and issuing recommendations on transition to time-oriented thinking. The paper is reflecting the impact of lead time reduction on basic indicators of economic effect and company efficiency. The authors proposed an indicator of unit (department, team, project) efficiency assessment and methods of using it.

The article describes the technology for implementation of the information system into the process of strategic planning of industry development in the region, including a set of indicators, which is formed based on the analysis of existing documents for the strategic planning for regional industry development (using the example of the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation). All indicators proposed for the use are combined into a complete system according to the Pareto-efficiency principle, as well as using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) technology. According to this technology, on the basis of the existing regional industry development mission, a strategic map is built, key performance indicators for achieving strategic goals are selected, the control procedure is described, and the conclusion is made in terms of its efficiency and capability to be implemented in the industry-level management practices.

The differences between the parameters of the digital economy currently being formed and the corresponding parameters of the outgoing industrial economy are presented. Herein it is noted that the digital transformation of economic relations ensures high competitiveness of production systems and makes it necessary to increase training of specialists who will create such systems and manage them. It is shown that nowadays the quality of the intellectual capital is becoming the basic competitive advantage of countries and their organizations. The authors emphasize that in the context of the digital economy creativity of specialists is the key parameter of strategic advantages of organizations and determines performance and efficiency of production processes. The article justifies the need for the faster transfer to the intelligent model of the sustainable development of society where personal creativity is always in demand. It proves reasonability of development of a new concept of specialists training for industrial enterprises and ways of its realization in Russian universities. It is suggested replacing the conventional model of specialists training in universities by a new flexible modular model the basic parameters of which are material and information resources, production processes, modules and services.

The article is addressing main methodological and normative-technical approaches to monitoring and control in construction as well as practical tools used in the context of digital economy. Monitoring and its purposes have been considered. Currently employed innovative construction control digitization methods which are envisaging monitoring of real property objects technical condition and enabling, by creating and functioning of visual models, design, construction companies and investors to perform detailed analysis of construction process and take efficient management solutions were disclosed herein. This paper presents investigation of commercially available digital technologies of monitoring of capital construction objects and describes their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this paper reveals main problems arising during digital technologies integrating into construction monitoring and construction control with consideration of Russian construction companies intrinsic characteristics.

The article describes the issue of IT-project management at industrial enterprise under conditions of fast changing external environment. Very often projects are implemented without the necessary grounds and selection of certain IT-development task, detailed planning and elaboration of the main stages of project that may adversely affect its results. Management of creation and implementation of informational systems faces many troubles such as rescheduling, improper quality of works, exceeding of budgeted costs etc. To prevent such troubles the approach has been developed to help in performing detailed planning at the early stages by determining work and project quality monitoring methods, risk assessment, means of communication within the project team.

The article describes results of research work of conceptual framework and control practical tools at transition to digital economy. The fundamental principles of digitalization based on convergence of basic information trends in their state-of-the-art digital format are analysed. The best practices of Russian and foreign companies are examined and systematised. The author's view of combination of analogue and digital approaches in modelling, communication means and information technologies is given. Digital products typology is defined; their evolution is traced from digital copies of traditional products to their digital twins. The role of digitalization is substantiated in generating new markets and new conditions of their functioning, change of the existing ones, and also in generation of new approaches to analysis, forecast and control. Routes of transformation of control tools at invariability of control basic functions are outlined.

Over the past few decades, acceleration of urbanization process in Russia and abroad generated "smart city" concept based on innovative developments integrating into various spheres of urban life. Currently, particular attention is paid to urban environment improvement on the basis of wide information-communication technologies employment. This article is addressing evolution of "smart city" concept and contains analysis of its worldwide implementation in accordance with projects data regarding the degree of their technological and organizational parameters. Results of investigation enabled the authors to reveal obstacles impeding this concept implementation at particular nascent stages, identify factors affecting "smart cities" development, formulate first-priority tasks aiming to eliminate the existing obstacles and propose measures aiming to shape efficient mechanism of "smart cities" development.

Gradual integrating of BIM technologies into activities fulfilled by construction and investment companies takes place in Russia and abroad. Currently, particular attention is given to measures intended to integrate information modeling into practices of Russian companies belonging to construction sphere, inter alia, within the framework of state housing system renovation program. This paper is addressing the following issues: global experience of BIM technologies employment in the sphere of design, construction and operation of real property objects and investigation of specificity of BIM technologies employment for residential quarters' renovation. Steps aiming to implement information modeling in Russia for construction industry in general and for housing renovation in particular were scrutinized herein. This paper is addressing factors impeding propagation of BIM technologies in Russia, evaluating the prospects of this discipline growth and defining first-priority measures which could eliminate the existing obstacles.

The article studies the issues of implementation of the Procurement mobile application for the B2B segment as a necessary stage of digitalization of business processes in oil and gas companies. The article analyses features of the existing mobile application and its further development tasks in view of increasing competition among suppliers, improving transparency and efficiency of procurement procedures. The authors have systematized the tasks to be solved for implementing the mobile application and considered their influence on digitalization of the procurement system in oil and gas companies. The subject matter of their analysis is represented by materials on development and implementation of the Procurement mobile application in PJSC Gazprom Neft.

Relevancy of issue under investigation is stipulated by rapid changing of traditional assumptions about regions competitive strength. These tendencies are explicitly characterized by (I) digitization of IT processes and (II) convergence of tools enabling advancement and formation of particular territory image. Today's on-line environment is simultaneously (I) a platform for presenting the region in virtual space and (II) a tool forming preferences of territorial product consumers. While handling the region's reputation it is necessary to take into account 'digital footprint' as an element which is forming the region's image and competitive strength. Goal of research — development of recommendations to enable task-oriented formation of territorial image in targeted public consciousness.

Main methods of this case study are: analysis of theoretical framework and statistic data, monitoring of news media and social media.

The present article is addressing special aspects of regional reputation formation in modern IT medium and foreign and national experience regarding territory advancement in IT environment. It displays the possibility of master data employment for the purpose of particular territory image formation in the consciousness of main targeted public.

It becomes possible to improve reputation and, as a consequence, to raise competitive strength of the regions in condition of today's information-communication environment through sequential, systematic and orderly going through 'recognition and assumption' stages both in off-line and on-line media which allows, using targeting, to promptly disseminate information with minimum financial costs.

Materials presented herein, constitute practical value for active and consistent implementation of digital technologies not only at the level of individual enterprises but for regional authorities as well.

In this paper, an approach to clustering inaccurate data with taking into account information on their imprecision is proposed. The presented procedure allows to reasonably determining the maximum number of clusters, coordinated it with data accuracy: the low accuracy of the measurement results will not give grounds for separating some of the object states from others. Also taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data allows to simplify the clustering procedure by matching the complexity of the methods used in its implementation to the accuracy of the initial data. The proposed procedure allows not to create or specify clusters during the classification of inaccurate data beyond what is necessary, the experimental results of the application of described approach are presented in this paper.

The aim of the paper is to describe and substantiate the approach to the implementation of pilot IT projects. The discussed approach helps to enhance the quality of projects implementation via quality improvement of IT solutions testing and, as a consequence, helps to increase the level of digitalization of project activities. The result of analysis of pilot projects realization was described, and characteristics of such projects are carried out. The paper gives the description of the approach to planning and management of pilot projects. The management process and the results of the pilot project of testing the IT system (software package) for predicting failures of storage systems are described. The evaluation was carried out and recommendations were formed for decision-making on the implementation of the tested IT solution. The principles of pilot projects and recommendations for improving the adopted standard of management of IT projects are formulated.

The work is aimed at establishment of telemedicine service system at the territory of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation taking into account specific peculiarities of this region. Making possible to render remote medical assistance is one of the priorities within strategic planning of the Government of the Russian Federation. Implementation of telemedical technologies is the most urgent for remote and hard-to-get regions including the regions of the Arctic Zone. This article considers telemedical system as the set of services within the development of which at first the requirements are formed taking into account specific peculiarities of the regions of the Arctic Zone. Set of top-level services is offered with the indication of the advanced informational and communication technologies implemented. Also the diseases are analyzed which are the most characteristic for inhabitants of the regions of the Arctic Zone aimed at offering the most urgent telemedical services for implementation.

The households become in the modern economic paradigm one of the most important business entities, while the personal finance is one of subjects to management. In this regard the article gives consideration to a concept of the households budget, determines a sequence of building a personal financial plan, substantiates that the role of financial awareness of general public increases under conditions of digital economy. At that, it has been revealed that the low level of financial awareness of general public jeopardizes not only the consumption of financial products, but hampers the growth of financial markets, and by the same hampers development of the country's economy as a whole. The article also gives a concept of digital economy and provides analysis of its volumes in Russia, as well as it makes a review and analysis of the main popular solutions used as financial instruments for personal finance management under conditions of digital economy, and the advantages and disadvantages thereof have been identified.

Experience economy and digital economy inside of which new level of 'brand-targeted public' communication is being shaped assume significant importance in new market conditions. Empirical marketing and digital marketing contribute to establishment of long-term relations with consumers and shaping of stable links in the market. Empirical marketing having its own specificity is laying emphasis on consumers' emotional experience and feelings while digital marketing using digital tools is providing address linkage and mobile communication with brand's targeted public. Under such conditions, educational institutions may achieve significant success in university brand promotion by combining digital technologies and cooperation with art and culture industries and thus provide the university with competitive advantages in the market of education services and raise customer loyalty. The article is addressing the process of cooperation between Russian state hydrometeorological University (RGGMU) and Russian Museum within the project entitled 'Virtual museum' and (analyzing synergetic effect produced by their joint activities performed with the use of digital technologies.

The task of objective economic estimation of unallocated subsoil reserve fund (USRF) objects is especially important for regions characterized by late phase of development and aggravation of mining-and-geological modes of occurrence of deposits to be implemented. This article presents an information-analytic technology for evaluation of investment prospects of USRF oil fields. This technology is a methodological base for the technical-and-economic estimation with regard to specific industrial aspects, such as: probability estimates of confirmed reserves; determination of primary technological oil field development parameters, etc. Making techno economic estimations is possible in case of using specialized software which allows to process big data, such as EVA (economic estimation of oil fields), EVA-Risk, etc. The suggested info-analytic technology has been practically tested and parameters of investment prospects have been determined for USRF oil fields in the Komi Republic which is the region having highly developed oil and gas sector and unstable prognosis regarding oil extraction for the nearest decade.

The article describes urgency of implementation of digital health care in Russia and in the world in general. Advantages and disadvantages of digital transformation and digitalization in modern health care organization. By digital transformation we understand automation of business process and its main purpose will be increase of personnel performance. In this relation term "health care digitalization" will be considered and analyzed in more detail. Implementation of KPI system under conditions of digital transformation of health care organization gives the opportunity to evaluate such hard-to-evaluate indexes as efficiency of doctors' consultation, surgeon's operational activity, technique of telephone conversations of clinic administrator or patient retention. That is why we outlined the methods and methodology of worker quality evaluation system with the use of personnel KPI. As of now Russian Health Care System adopts several large-scale informational and analytical projects. Besides, the government develops education and occupational retraining of personnel taking into account health care digitalization.

The paper presents the influence of product development process and manufacturing of public transport vehicles on its pro-exploitation attributes. Moreover, it describes the expert method of inferring about future states of public transport vehicles (exploitation and service phases as well as elimination and utilization phases) based on earlier process of product development and manufacturing. A numerical formalization of the expert intuition of twenty specialists is a starting point of the method. The examined dependency regards the relation between pro-exploitation attributes of vehicle with the individual stages of the engineering design associated with product development process of vehicles. Hypothesis about the essential relation of the individual stages of product development process with pro-exploitation attributes of vehicle was verified with the method of progressive inference.

The article considers the need to provide personification of Internet interaction with consumers in the conditions of the digital economy. This involves the creating an effective system of communication between the company and its target audience, taking into account the individual characteristics of consumer behavior and customer activity in social media. On this basis, the authors make a number of proposals in the context of using the possibilities of the Internet technologies. There are specified sequence of actions for the organization of personalized interaction with consumers and developed algorithm of managerial impact in the process of implementation of instruments provided by the Concept "Internet of things".

Development of information technologies at the present stage allows switching over to a higher level of interaction between business and clients. Worldwide trend in attempts to find a potential consumer is customization of marketing impact. This paper is dedicated to interactive communication modeling through evaluation of feedback to commercial brands promotion via all possible consumer preference influencing channels. The paper establishes formalisms, plots mathematical model of products promotion by means of digital platforms and gives calculation of optimized regimes. The paper shows results of investigations performed by means of elaborated mathematical model on a particular example. The paper substantiates efficiency of elaborated mathematical model employment (under the conditions of market uncertainty) for making managerial decisions in various products and services promotion areas and also for the purpose of short-term and long-term business planning.

Creation of cluster structures in Russia contributes to efficiency increase in using resource capabilities of the national economy, its individual territories and branch sectors, including innovative potential of investment and construction complex enterprises. The proposed structural model of the management system of innovative potential of the region construction cluster is aimed at intensification of the processes of introduction and practical implementation of technological, organisation and management and economic innovations by enterprises in the cluster structure. Organisation and economic mechanism of implementation of such a system takes account of participation of all the entrepreneurship subjects in innovation activity, each having a certain position in the innovation cycle as it has different capabilities to implement own innovative potential. The developed method of quality assessment of construction cluster innovation potential management system provides evaluation of the integral economic effect received as a result of effective interaction between enterprises in the integrated structure under conditions of optimal usage of innovative potential by them. Thus, the authors' research will contribute to strategic planning of development of a territorial construction cluster, intensification of innovative thinking, stimulation of innovative activity of its subjects, regulation of management processes of the integrated structure innovative potential.

In the context of digital economy one of the key factors influencing the social and economic development of the country and regions as well as development of individual enterprises is labor mobility management. On the one hand the labor mobility reflects the busy status of all social and demographic population groups and on the other hand it reveals readiness and capability of the population to change the social status, professional affiliation and place of residence. The latter has a material influence to HR management system at some enterprises in particular to cope with personnel deficit in enterprises of various field located around the RF. The digital economy will inevitably cause global change of the Russian labor market. The country scale, unevenness of territories, total lack of modern rare professions demanded by digital economy considers the necessity to relocate the personnel. Relocation as an acknowledged transition of big groups of human resources between individual regions of Russia as well as between Russia and other countries should become an element of national development strategy as on the one hand it allows to solve the issue of lack of IT mobile and network technologies specialists and on the other hand allows to conscientiously manage processes of complete unemployment in such regions of the country which focus on the activities which inevitably become out-of-date in the closest future when the country moves to economy 4.0.

Digitization of economic sectors is contributing to economic efficiency growth.

In the coming decades, many sectors of economy will undergo fundamental transformations such as: change of business models, change of business leaders, disruptive innovation etc. At that, like in previous industrial revolutions, changes and sequences in social, economic and geopolitical spheres will be most drastic. Modern digital economy identifies digital platform-based technologies intended to automate business-processes, minimize transaction costs, speed up assets turnover, facilitate development of competition, shaping of new professional standards and common information environment as top-priority issues.

The paper discusses the methods of protecting information in mobile robotic systems. The problem of ensuring information security is formulated and the ways to solve it are considered. To ensure the information security of the system, a model for ensuring information security is proposed. One of the key aspects of ensuring information security is ensuring the confidentiality of information circulating in the system. As technical countermeasures, it is possible to use the organization of the system using police office model. The authors have developed a software simulator and conducted a number of experiments using methods of trust and reputation for analyzing the effectiveness of such a system organization. Interpretation of experimental results allows us to conclude that the methods used are appropriate.

Currently it is of immediate interest to develop unified approaches and theoretic conceptions of regional development which comply with principles of the digital economy, technologic and sociocultural challenges of the 21 century and are aimed at overcoming the spatial factor as a factor responsible for the inequality of opportunities of economic agents located in a certain limited theory. The theory of innovation networks in the fundamental basis of regional economics supplements the main directions of research as locational direction which considers the most profitable (optimal) location of production, regional direction with the aim of determining the optimal structure and size of production in regions or at the center and also the complex direction of developing the general theory on the basis of which both locational and regional problems could be solved. Digitalization of regions development, based on active use of communicational technologies for exchanging information, requires developing the corresponding methodological support of processes of flow control management. Conceptual and theoretical apparatus of the regional digital economy may be improved based on the scientific approach of logical methodology.

Rapid growth in the digital economy creates both additional opportunities and additional challenges for organizations. Artificial intelligence and robotics facilitate and automate a large number of human tasks. Today's tools — "intelligent assistants" — in large part are capable of processing incoming information, which in the past was processed exclusively by humans. These changes will lead to a significant change in the labor market. Leaders in the new knowledge economy will differ not only in being aided by "intelligent assistants", but also in how their employees interact with these tools and make complex decisions required for their work. The greater is the use of "intelligent assistants", the more important will be the decisions that people will make between each other. Organization of continuous training of employees in effective communication is today an increasingly popular innovational strategy in companies. How do we remove communication barriers between employees, between teams, and between man and machine? This paper proposes a solution to the posed problem of ensuring the most effective communication using methods developed in physics of the mind and Dynamic Logic.

The world economy has been at the stage of active development of the fourth industrial revolution in recent decades. The issues of transferring national industry to the digital technology platform become particularly relevant under conditions of beginning of the competitive struggle of countries in the sphere of implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. This study traces the history and background of the industrial revolution, identifies its main features and the most progressive technologies. The peculiarities of the development of the industrial revolution in Russia and abroad are analyzed. The experience of foreign countries in the implementation of state programs in the field of Industry 4.0 is considered. Examples of the implementation of industrial Internet projects on the Russian and foreign markets are given. Factors hindering the implementation of the industrial Internet projects in Russia are contemplated. Priorities are formulated and the prospects for the development of the industrial Internet in the Russian economy are assessed.

There are various approaches to the formalization of systems that operate in accordance with the principles of the Internet of Things (IoT). The main goal of creating such formalisms is the need to build complete digital models of real objects used for the purposes of their optimal management and the rational (optimal) use of available resources. The methods based on network models of processes, which develop in time are among the most effective approaches to digital modelling. However, the existing network technologies can be effectively used in the analysis of essentially single-level processes only and can hardly be used to model nested hierarchical systems due to insufficient formalization thereof. The proposed work is intended to fill the specified gap to some extent.

Another issue in the field of management of the industrial IoT workshop is ensuring the reliability of the production process, which should be checked via modelling and simulation of the process. The work is aimed at automation of the small-scaled production site. Digital simulation is used as the research method. The multilevel representation of a workshop infrastructure based on IoT technology is described. An abstract network set-theoretic model of multistage processes developing in time is constructed and substantiated in this paper. The constructed model allows you to automatically perform an unlimited number of nested processes within a given hierarchical structure and implement some algorithmic methods thereby for decomposition of the complex systems. Furthermore, the method of reliable solution of scheduling and managing automation of multicriteria control network is described, which provides a balance between a set of target efficiency criteria of technological processes at different stages.

The issues of application of the developed concept of network modelling to improve the performance of production sites of various kinds are considered. It is assumed that the main task of the production site is manufacturing a different range of parts from workpieces. In addition, each workpiece must go through certain stages of processing. These operations are interdependent, and the technological process itself is characterized by transitions from the initial state to the final state within the framework of a certain state graph. The developed model allows calculating the optimal path for this graph based on the principles of dynamic programming. The latter leads to savings of both temporary and other resources taken into account in the model.

The paper analyzes the development of the modern Russian banking system in the conditions of the trend of digital transformation. The aim of the work was to analyze the rehabilitation policy of the Central Bank in the field of banking sector regulation. The working hypothesis was that the reorganization of the financial system leads to an increase in monopolistic trends in the banking sector, while solving the key problems of the Russian banking system: a more objective reflection of problem assets in the balance of the banking system is achieved; the economic role of the "schematic" capital formation of the Russian banking system is declining, with the simultaneous growth of state ownership in the Russian banking system; a business model based on private business lending to its owners becomes inefficient. The paper conducts a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the development of the modern Russian banking system. A critical model of the activity of the Central Bank has been proposed, which allows a system analysis of the development of the Russian banking system at the transformation stage. The study clearly showed that monopolization of the banking sector leads to a decrease in the riskiness of the market strategy of individual banks, however, there is an increase in the probability of systemic shocks of the banking system as a whole.

Consideration is given to a relevant task of organizing cloud services for building the factories of the future: a digital factory and smart factory Industry 4.0. The digital factory majors in design activity resulting in preparation of technical documentation for an article. The smart factory majors in the production activity, which results in article manufacture following the unattended technology. Both types of enterprises use the cyberphysical equipment in the activity thereof, which function on the basis of cloud technologies, including the following cloud services: infrastructure, platform, virtual machine, program, with the user's access thereto provided on the basis of interfaces of the Industrial Internet of Things. Presently there are no ready technical (technological) solutions providing for integration of cloud services into design and production infrastructure of the factories of the future. The schemes of interaction of components of the cloud services for design activity for the digital factory and for production activity of the smart factory majoring in instrument-building in the field of radio electronics are offered. The properties and assignments of components featuring practical application as part of automated stations of designers of digital factory and operators of the smart factory are described. The decisions on substantiating contents and description of methods of integrating heterogenous cloud services for information support of activity of factories of the future are the main research results.

The market of artificial intelligence is currently one of the most dynamically developing markets for advanced technologies of the 6th technological order due to the complexity and versatility of solutions developed within this set of technologies. The key hypothesis of the study is the assumption about the dependence of the development dynamics of artificial intelligence market on environmental factors that form the dynamics of the development of the IT services market. The key research method was the classical toolkit of multiple regression analysis. As a result, an econometric model was obtained describing the structure of the influence of environmental factors on the development of the global IT services market, and the determining influence of the IT services market on the artificial intelligence market was established and substantiated.

From the moment of adopting in 2008 the Conception of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation up to 2020, containing basic provisions about the necessity of creating a network of clusters as a condition for modernization of economy and realization of competitive potential, 10 years have passed. In this article estimation of influence of cluster policy in Russia on indicators of socio-economic development of territorial entities of the Russian Federation is given. On the basis of methods of analysis of panel data economic models have been prepared which allow estimating the effects of realizing cluster policy. Panel data is characterized by a large quantity of observations and that increases the number of degrees of freedom and decreases multicollinearity of factors by means of accounting individual differences. It helps to get more efficient estimates. The analysis of influence of cluster policy on socio-economic indicators of regional development has been carried out on the basis of using models with fixed and random effects. Calculations have been made in the Statistics package Stata 13. Results of the investigation have shown that economic growth of regions on the territory of which clusters have got financial budget support is largely due to their initially high level of development.

A VARMA-model represents a modern instrument for modeling and forecasting time series having a high degree of novelty for national science. An algorithm of study on the basis of a VARMA-model is suggested in the article, then it is tested through the example of modeling dynamics of price increment for security papers of Apple, Microsoft Corporation and Netflix. Within the framework of the study undertaken, the influence of historical data of trading on change in the future price of security papers of the companies being analyzed has been revealed: interconnections between shares of each company have been evaluated, and also the influence of the change of the shares dynamics of one company on quotations of two other companies has been analyzed. The developed model has been tested for robustness, also its validity has been evaluated and measures for optimization of VARMA-models have been suggested. Besides, timeliness of its use when undertaking national studies has been substantiated.

In the context of establishing the digital economy there appears the necessity to apply innovative methods of processing increasing volumes of data on digital platforms with the use of intellectual computer systems. The necessity of creating a subsystem for gathering digital data is substantiated in this work; this subsystem should meet modern requirements for the quality of these data in terms of reliability, targeting and security. The authors have suggested a model of digital accounting of data on labor activity of individuals with the use of the blockchain technology and smart-contracts with the aim of providing the required quality of the data. In this case, the blockchain technology provides reliable preservation and authenticity of data and the system of smart-contracts presents the data in a convenient form for any consumers of this information. It has been demonstrated in this work that the subsystem of digital accounting in labor sphere will allow for creating a unified information environment for cooperation of all subjects. The collected data can be successfully used in support systems for making decisions in the field of development of the human capital of the region. In this case the system of smart-contracts plays a key role and acts as an integration bus which provides cooperation of the blockchain subsystem with the automated subsystem of intelligent data processing.

The sphere of high technologies in the developed countries is gradually becoming the main source of economic growth, defines structural changes in economy and contributes to modernization of systems. That is why information-communication technologies represent the main instrument of modernization of the industrial production system, development of social infrastructure, structural transformation of economy. Implementation of information-communication technologies requires specialists who have totally new competencies which causes reorganization of the higher education system. The process of digitalization in the higher education system is carried out over the course of recent years. In this context, the aim of the study is estimation of education digitalization in leading universities of Saint Petersburg. The main directions of digitalization of education have been systematized within the framework of the study, basic risks and supposed results have been revealed. Estimation of digitalization of leading universities is being carried out in the following directions: implementation of education process, optimization of business-processes and optimization of document flow and organization of the process of the academic teaching staff retraining, organization of access to scientific works of universities. As a result, it has been revealed that only 3 leading universities of the city take active part in digitalization: they create online-courses, their own electronic educational environment; they provide access to their staff members' studies. The analysis of the structure of expenses in these universities has revealed insufficiency of financing for teaching staff information technologies. We should also note a general tendency of reducing expenses on digitalization in the educational sphere. In future, this will cause underdevelopment of education in teaching new technologies and preparing specialists with competencies non-demanded on the market.

The investigations show that cross-cumulation of origin is a new tool of easing stringent rules of origin of goods (ROG) in the regional trade deals (RTD) in the economy of global chains and growing protectionism, which is not characteristic of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The article gives consideration to a legal and institutional commitment of EAEU to using innovation in the sphere of preferential ROG. The existence of multiplicity of wordings of cumulation concept, its types as well as verification systems in different RTD determines the use of comparative analysis of preferential ROG in EU (European Union), ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) and EAEU as the main investigation method. The following findings have been made on the basis of analysis of regulatory and legal framework of preferential rules of EAEU and practice of application thereof: legislation of the Union is developing, though, it is incomplete — a key document on preferential rules is absent, which creates a legal uncertainty in the sphere of ROG; organization of free-trade zones (FTZ) of EAEU with the third countries is progressing slowly not meeting the requirements of development of Big Eurasia; application of diagonal and full cumulation is admissible in EAEU agreements on FTZ, but due to a requirement of direct supply and a complicated system of certification and verification of origin, customs offices frequently refuse to grant preferential tariffs to foreign trade operators. Signing of new EAEU agreements on FTZ, activation of all forms of cumulation in the existing and new FTZ will contribute to expanding the 'zone of origin' in the territory of the Eurasian space with the center in EAEU. Full change-over to electronic certification and verification of origin will help reduce business expenses, hence, make EAEU countries more attractive for integration into transcontinental supply chains.

In the context of development of innovative economy, importance is being increasingly attached to stimulating corresponding lines of activity of business entities. One of them is insurance, which presents an important method of reducing risk factors for business entities, providing stimulation of technological modernization, implementation of new forms and methods of production and management. The necessity of the present study is associated with objective difficulties of organizational, legal and economic character in the development of this type of insurance in Russia, overcoming of which requires elaborating exact decisions. In the course of this study both foreign experience of organization and legal regulation of innovative risks and the practice of Russian companies have been explored. At that, rules of insurance elaborated by them and theoretical opinions of scientists regarding the prospects of this type of insurance development have become the subject matter of analysis. All of that has helped to reveal standard models of innovative risks insurance established abroad, on the one hand, and to form the understanding of development problems of this insurance market segment in Russia, on the other hand. Based on that, the peculiarities of innovative risks insurance have been distinguished, its place in the insurance system has been defined and possible directions for its development in Russia have been critically evaluated.

Theoretical and methodical provisions of compliance costs influence on the level of economy innovativeness are systematized in this article. The concept of compliance costs in the world literature is investigated, their role in the state regulation quality assurance is determined. Methods of correlation-regression analysis are used to evaluate interconnection of compliance costs in the sphere of tax payment and a number of indicators of social-economical system innovative development. The correlation analysis of interconnection between other components of standard costs was carried out (in particular, aggregate tax burden) in order to establish the influence of different elements of standard costs on the innovation indicators. The analysis has allowed making a conclusion on the absence of significant interconnection of compliance costs and the indicators being studied with simultaneous revelation of noticeable connection with a change in tax burden. The conclusion was made on a greater significance of financial component in the composition of standard costs as compared to the compliance costs.

In the last few years digital transformation affects entire sectors of the world economic system. One of the main drivers of digital economy development is the financial sector which takes the second place after telecommunication companies by investments into innovative informational and communicational technologies. An innovative form of the financial institution is analyzed in the article – challenger bank, which presupposes doing bank business only in the form of remote approach, with the help of mobile communication channels. This for of the financial institution has appeared not long ago and, therefore, it is insufficiently investigated, for which reason the analysis of a corresponding credit organization is of vital importance. One of the main tasks, when exploring innovation projects, is presented by evaluation of economic efficiency of their activity. As a challenger bank is, in fact, a financial institution which can be presented in the form of an information-communication system, that's why methods of estimating IT-projects can be applied to it which will make it possible to evaluate its efficiency from the point of view of making investments into information system. On the basis of this supposition, a model of estimating efficiency of this form of a credit organization as an IT-project has been suggested, where dependency of the net present value on the number of clients growth of the digital financial institution and the number of operations performed by them has been explored. Simulation has demonstrated that it will be efficient for a challenger bank if the number of its clients in the first year of its existence will exceed two hundred thousand people.

The paper presents an approach to the analysis of the share price as the total value of two assets: tangible, and the "market premium" associated with intangible assets (intellectual capital). It is shown that the share of intellectual capital in the market price of shares of companies that are the leaders of the information technology sector (Google, Baidu) can reach 90%, and significantly exceeds the share of the company in the extractive industry. However, the high proportion of intangible assets (intellectual capital) in the share price carries an additional risk of a significant drop in the company's market capitalization, caused by changes in the factors forming these intangible assets. The cost of intellectual capital can take both positive and negative values. It is shown by the example of Gazprom PJSC that the market price of shares falls below their balance sheet estimates with a stable growth in the value of tangible assets, which is the result of the market's negative assessment of the price component associated with the company's intellectual capital.

The best experience of developing high technologies indicates that very often breakthroughs are made by small companies; one of their advantages is possibility of using special tax conditions for small business. The aim of this study is estimation of scales and productivity of the accepted practice of the state tax support for small and medium-sized science-based business in developed and developing countries. Countries have been emphasized where direct financing of innovations or using tax incentives prevails, and also the countries where fiscal expansion is focused on large or small and medium-sized businesses. The research has helped to make a conclusion that providing more significant privileges for small and medium-sized science-based business will positively influence the growth of innovation activity in the developing countries, Russia in particular.

The conducted research identified factors that determine the high efficiency of cyber athletes' preparation for competitions. The key factors that determine the high efficiency of cyber athletes' preparation for competitions reported by the respondents included the availability of a scientifically justified training and preparation program for the cyber athletes, as well as psychological tools and methods to relieve high-level tension during the competition. The respondents also paid attention to such factors as monitoring the expenditure of functional reserves of the body during competitive activities, as well as recovery activities after the competitions, taking into account the individual features of the cyber athlete's body. Important factors also include objective assessment of the dynamics of the mental activity level during the training process, as well as the implementation of measures to combat adverse factors that affect cyber athletes in the course of their preparation for competitive activities. An analysis of the performance of athletes at various competitions in the period from 2016 to 2018 was conducted. The survey involved 73 respondents, including athletes and coaches.

Companies operating under the condition of economy informatization and digitization are forced to implement innovative approaches so as to ensure their integrated safety; therefore, there is a demand for development of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of Risk Management System (RMS) monitoring as a tool allowing to ensure company consistency. 'Monitoring of risk management system' concept was defined more exactly. Besides, feasible methodological approaches to monitoring were analyzed and proprietary approach and methodology of risk management system monitoring were presented. Employment of the presented approach enables the user to upgrade efficiency of RMS monitoring, of RMS and company itself, define directions of RMS improvement, provide the company with essential competitive advantages and facilitate adaptation to changing conditions. This approach may be used in practical company activities.

The rapid development of small distributed energy economy requires the justification and design of methods and models for planning the development of energy systems using distributed generation sources. We have studied the possibility of using the genetic algorithm to solve the problem of selecting a scenario of distributed generation power supply system. To do this, a problem-solving mechanism was developed in the MATLAB environment based on the genetic algorithm and its program code was built. In order to test the created genetic algorithm for a hypothetical large consumer of electrical and heat power with typical load curves, an optimal scenario of a power supply system based on distributed generation was searched. The analysis of the calculation results carried out using the proposed algorithm, evaluation of the model's behavior when the initial data changes, indicate its efficiency and effectiveness.

Nowadays embedded control systems are used everywhere, including rapidly growing areas, such as 'Internet of things'. There is a need of highly qualified specialists. In this paper authors consider the organizational, methodological and technical aspects of the training professionals in the field of embedded automation. Also proposed the approaches to solution of described needs, based on the experience of the organization of the Interdepartmental Centre of Embedded Systems of Automation and Computing. Attention is paid to the developed methodologies, microcontroller-based equipment and software-hardware complexes and it practical uses. In conclusion, authors confirm the importance of developing all possible specialists training aspects.

Cash flow is featured by originality and, therefore, it is difficult in forecasting. The paper substantiates the significance, on the one hand, but also the difficulty in cash flow forecasting, on the other hand. The hypothesis was formulated that correction of originality in cash flow forecasting is possible with transition from absolute to relative forecast parameters. The cash flow forecast was made based on a linear least squares approximation. The hypothesis was proved using the second-rank polynomial function and moving average and exponential smoothing methods. It is concluded that the modification of forecasting by the polynomial function does not allow obtaining a reliable forecast. The required level of forecasting accuracy that is levelling of cash flow originality can be achieved using the methods of time-series analysis.

Socio-linguistic innovations in education as effective managerial tool provide resolving wide range of cross-cultural communication problems, including the process of social and psychological adaptation of international students; however, methodological component of this notion is not completely identified. We performed innovative productive method in international students' education and their socio-cultural adaptation. Our strategic target was to define the productive method effectiveness in the sphere of intercultural communication of international students in St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. We observed the level of communicative competence formation including linguistic, sociolinguistic, discursive, socio-cultural and social skills of international students which are highly important for their social and psychological comfort. We tested the students and identified that the level of their communicative skills was not enough for successful intercultural communication in a new socio-cultural environment (average point of 43% from 100% in Russian and 55% in English). Productive method implementation provided the communicative competence increase to the average point of 70% in Russian and to the average point of 71% in English. In conclusion, this study confirms the effectiveness of the productive approach as a methodological system developing student's communicative competence which allows designing a flexible socially-oriented educational environment including elements of psychological support and adaptation.

At the present day the issues of creation and implementation of strategies for the social-economical development of the regions under conditions of digitization are not practically developed, and there is no offers for evaluation formalization of strategic targets achievement, which could be used in the future for automation of strategic management of regions. Proposed in this work is an approach to solution of these two tasks with the use of modern tools including adaptation of the balanced system of indexes (BSI) for regional development: increase of innovative activity and human capital quality, creation of efficient social-economical system of territories development, arrangement of conditions for creation and development of innovative digital economy. Formalization of strategic targets evaluation was carried out with the use of a fuzzy set method. The Extreme North region — the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (YNAD) — appears for the research object.

A cost structure is proposed to enhance the supply of utilities to megacities on a regional operating scale. The introduced methodology involves business administration theory and economics and employs the previously introduced equality principle and the EUROPE (Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy) model to impose shadow costs on supply losses to induce economic incentives to improve the functionality of megacities. A case study presents the practical application in an Asian context. It is concluded that the introduced methodology makes the megacities more efficient and improve their functionality. Profitability increases, the technology is advanced, and the environment improves when the EUROPE model is applied on activities that involve supply flows at higher policy analysis levels. Application of an introduced key factor encapsulates megacity aspects. The equity of the regional access to facilities is improved. The developed methods support decision-making when managing megacity supply.

The technological foresight plays a significant role in promotion of the emerging technologies. The paper investigates technological prospects of priorities implementation indicated in the 'Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation'. More precisely, we examine the advanced digital and intelligent production technologies deployment by applying foresight methods and new solutions such as an advanced text-mining. The main goal of the study is to define a range of the most promising technologies with respect to markets and products within the priority. We identified five large cross-cutting areas manifesting physical and digital convergence. These clusters include computer modelling and flexible manufacturing systems from the production side, and sensor technologies, virtual/augmented reality, the Internet of Things from the IT side. The revealed technological trends correspond to global patterns and unveil a range of sectoral applications. Product development technologies are confessed to be the core of digital manufacturing. During the analysis we uncovered 350 prospective products and services that should be exposed to further expert evaluation. Our results offer a new insight on science and technology policy-making by adjusting technology development across industries. A suggested framework allows expanding current boundaries of forecasting activities at the national level in order to boost Russian scientific performance.

Despite a good number of scientific developments in innovation, most studies suggest that the most effective innovation project should be only selected for a group of economic indicators related to investment. In practice, it is necessary to create a method for assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects based on the use of economic, innovative, socio-economic, environmental-economic and other indicators. For that end, this article proposes a set of tools for the formation of a set of multi-dimensional integral indicators to bring them to a comparable form, develops a graphical method of forming a group of effective innovative projects based on the Pareto principle, develops a three-dimensional method for assessing the effectiveness of projects based on the principle of / prospects / costs / innovation" complementing the Pareto principle with the risk assessment of innovative projects, which can be carried out using a real put option to abandon a project in the future.

At present, the conditions and challenges of the new stage of development of the Russian economy dictate the importance of solving the strategic tasks of import substitution, require long-term competitive development based on the modernization of all industries, formation of growth institutions. At the same time, the allocation of state funds to support innovations is not tied to the increased dynamics in the movement of rental income, which leads to large gaps in the rental incomes of participants in economic relations. Therefore, it becomes necessary to use rental approaches to regulation. However, the calculation of the volume and structure of rental income is always accompanied by certain difficulties and lack of clarity of estimates, which reduces the demand for rental approaches. In order to solve these problems, a concept has been developed in the article for building production models of enterprises according to appropriate industry based on a correlation-regression analysis, which will allow determining with sufficient accuracy the size and sources of rental formation for each enterprise. The developed methods can be widely used to assess the resource potential of enterprises, analyze the effectiveness of the use of received state subsidies and identify enterprises that are prioritized to support their innovation activities. The proposed concept will allow achieving greater impact of government measures in the economy.

The important role of the intellectual capital in the innovative-digital economy generates an objective necessity in the immersed study of the processes of its creation, formation and application, which will allow making the correct selection of guidelines and directions of further development and will lead to creation of such an economic development strategy in the heart of which is a human being with the accumulated knowledge, skills and ground-breaking ideas. The article covers the peculiarities of the intellectual capital reproduction in the innovative-digital economy environment. The study of the human capital obsolescence processes is also carried out; the cycle, stages and forms of its reproduction are represented; the system of enterprise management is developed, which provides enhancement of production efficiency on the basis of its interspecific resources. The study shows that the objective necessity and peculiarity of the modern stage of the world community development is creation of conditions for generation and development of the human capital intellectual component facilitating the transition to the innovative-digital economy.

The results obtained in the course of the study can be used for making managerial decisions on creation of the efficient mechanism of reproduction and control over the intellectual capital relevant to tasks of the social-economic development of the country.

Currently, the universities role in Russia is seriously changing: universities call up to become the locomotives of economic development in the region, using their potential in education and science. Special results are expected in process development through the commercialization of know-how created in higher educational institutions. The commercialization includes the entrepreneurship promotion. In order to increase competitiveness and fulfill a special mission, many Russian universities set such ambitious goals for themselves. In an entrepreneurial university, the commercialization of new knowledge is becoming one of the main goals, while educational activities are aimed at training of scientists, specialists having scientific knowledge, and entrepreneurs. The study purpose is to identify the needs of students learnt in the university in the formation of innovator's competencies; substantiation of the possibility for using Smart-technologies in the development of entrepreneurial competencies in the industrial center of the Far East. As a result of the study, the motives of future graduates to engage in business activities were identified; the factors hindering the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity (IEA) were studied; as well as the need to obtain specific knowledge, abilities and skills at each stage of the IEA. It is shown that the formation of innovator's competencies should be carried out with the help of Smart-education, using the network interaction (based on the triple helix model), a digital format system; student's orientation to the priority trends of intellectual, scientific and process of the country and region development. The study results can be used by leaders of higher educational institutions to develop the entrepreneurial university functions.

Development of alternative methods of investing, in particular, crowd-funding and its different types, is, without any doubt, an international driving force of entrepreneurship which Russia can't ignore anymore and lose advantages from their implementation. The issue of development of crowd-funding services in Russia is considered in the article. Directions for developing crowd-funding, forecasting of the volume of the crowd-funding services market are presented in the article on the basis of correlation-regression analysis, also well-known platforms for crowd-funding are considered there. As a result of the analysis it is getting obvious that further such trends will gain momentum and scale out. Crowd-funding in Russia has already overcome the threshold of establishing and, for the moment, active growth is observed which doesn't stop even during the economic crisis. Therefore, the state can't ignore it anymore and that is why it actively tries to incorporate into this market. Not only as the main observer but the main regulator of crowd-funding relations. As crowd-funding in Russia is a relatively young phenomenon, ecosystem is not completely formed up in it. Thus, the authors note that crowd-funding is getting more interesting not only for young businessmen, startups and representatives of the state level, but it also arouses great interest in representatives of large brands. Further, such trends will only gain momentum and scale up.

In this article, we contemplate the consequences of the global crisis, the influence of new world challenges and threats for reforming the world financial architecture, and its subsequent development in a new phase called a new normality. In this work, we discuss the changes in the world financial architecture on all levels, both in respect of transformation of the role and forms of world financial institutions, and in respect of the regulative norms and obligations reflected in a picture drawn by the authors. We showed the growing role of the influence of some countries and groups of countries in the process of transforming the international financial architecture; we confirmed the hypothesis about the growing role of such informal structure as Group 20 (G20). We analyzed the transformational processes and predicted 2-aspect changes in reforming the international financial architecture in the near future.

The article is devoted to the characterization of a business model for creating a digital platform for tokenization of assets on financial markets. The areas of application of tokenization of assets for financial market participants are considered. The legal framework is given, and the financial model using tokenization of the credit portfolio of a commercial bank is described. A method for calculating the interest rate of a package of tokens composed of tokens of various credits as well as an algorithm for calculating the size of a token for a loan with given PD and LGD parameters is given. It is shown that resulting from application of the proposed financial model, the role of banks in the financial market is changing. The bank emerges as the organizer of the P2P lending market from a traditional credit institution. As a result of this transformation the P2P market receives an additional impetus for development, and the bank increases its level of profitability. A comparison of the levels of profitability, liquidity and reliability of the proposed tools with the traditional instruments for attracting and placing funds is made.

The article presents tools for assessing the potential of the sphere of info communications in the constituent regions of the Far East of Russia. The indicators characterizing the level of development of digital technologies in the constituent regions of Russia are defined. Recommendations for increasing the level of digital transformation of basic sectors of the economy and social sphere are proposed. The study identified indicators characterizing the level of development of digital technologies in the regions of RussiaNumerical calculations of the integral index of the main indicators of the development potential of the digital economy of the FEFD constituent regions are carried out. Built histogram of rating of constituent regions of the Far Eastern Federal district on the composite index and individual indicators. The authors note that a comparison of research results with data from the National Research University, Higher School of Economics shows comparable values for the positions occupied by the regions of the FEFD in terms of the main indicators of the development of the digital economy. This assessment tool adequately reflects the real state of digital technologies development in the FEFD constituent regions and can be used for analysis and evaluation in other regions of the country. Recommendations for increasing the level of digital transformation of the basic sectors of the economy and social sphere are proposed. In the future, the proposed method of evaluation can be replicated to assess the level of readiness of any subject of the Federation to the transition to a new path of economic development.

The enterprises transition from the conventional business model to digital one requires an adequate assessment of the digital transformation potential. The authors have considered the features of the digital business model as a "collective use" model based on digital integration, the key effectiveness criterion of which is the faster growth of business value. The aim of the study is to develop tools and recommendations for choosing the most rational path of industrial enterprises transition to a digital model based on the analysis of drivers and traps. A structured representation of growth drivers of digital income and value of the company is given in terms of key elements and processes of the business model. The efficiency matrix of digital business-models has been developed as the basis for formation of digital transformation paths. The typical paths are highlighted the necessary conditions for their implementation are given. A list of criteria for path selection was formed, a procedure for comparative analysis of possible paths based on the method of functional cost analysis was proposed. The approbation of developed tools was carried out; recommendations for selecting the path of digital transformation of the business model of an industrial enterprise were presented.

Relevant issue is tendency for the formation of innovative strategies of transition towards high-tech economic development giving the growth of cyber-physical security, emergence of new challenges to national and international security at the global level in the process of networking peer-to-peer production P2P (Peer-to-peer) which is reflecting the basic contours of egalitarian society lies in collective solution of planetary problem of climate change based on voluntary participation of all parties in a decentralized network system of production, decentralization and self-organization and formation of their own regional strategies.

On the basis of technological singularity and exponential technologies there is a steady tendency to increase the level of integration and multiple connections of smart devices.

Country connecting to cyberphysical systems requires integration of economy through creation of network cost and modular digitalization of integrated production systems in a number of industries of the economic complex, in the normalization of the level of network segmentation based on establishment and application of global open standards of interoperability and power quality parameters.

The research task is to confine an examination of methodological foundations of modular digitalization of the energy sector of Russian economy.

The digitization of economic activity creates new opportunities for increasing the goods production level in conditions of severe resources limitation. Significant optimization can be achieved due to, firstly, reduction the costs of transactions, and, secondly, engagement in the economic turnover of poorly low nondistributable assets (for example, real estate). The paper studies the problems regarding applicability of smart contract in economic activities at the regional and federal levels. An attempt is being made to form a decentralized system of smart contracts. Based on the component-based analysis, the key trends of this system effect on the gross output at the federal and regional levels are determined. The authors propose a quantitative assessment of the impact of each of these factors. The macroeconomic model IS-LM is used, which takes into account the impact of digitalization processes in terms of implementing the smart contracts system, on the aggregated output indicators of the economic system.

The information platforms, which let make decisions in the scientific sphere, play an important role in the development of digital economy of a state. In Russia a range of such platforms are in place, which have been created under governmental support and they let make record of and monitor the intellectual property (https://rosrid.ru/, http://sciencemon.ru/ and other). The scientific foundations have information platforms. However, fragmentation of grant informational sources contributes to the increased transactional costs. A digital platform was created in Russia to make information about grants available. It also lets state, scientific foundations, and potential applicants communicate with each other. This site-navigator provides access to actual aggregated information of different scientific foundations. It also lets find the best foundation for a potential applicant's needs. We suggest that the site-navigator needs some new functions, which would let a user detect leading countries in the support of R&D in the defined technological areas and most attractive foreign jurisdictions having strong commercial potential in a given technological area. Hence, suggested transformation of this digital platform will help target researchers get competitive results, using inter alia foreign support, and patenting in the countries with fast-growing knowledge-intensive markets.

This article presents an expression of the authors' opinion about one of the key issues in development of the digital economy space that shows a requirement of new-quality human capital, i.e. basic principles and values of a higher order as compared with other production factors. This article gives justification of an ontological link between the categories "human capital", "values", "digital economy". The importance of a humanitarian approach to the analysis of the formation and sources of self-development of the digital economy, considered as a potential factor in the growth of the national economy and improving the quality of life. The article gives an overview of the reasons for changing values accounted for society development and formation of a gap between generations' values among different age groups that have had a certain impact on motives of the labor market participants. The results of the opinion poll of students, young and mature specialists are presented herein to show the tendency with which the personal priorities in terms of work values change. It was revealed that students tend to be more motivated to accumulate the human assets and to realize importance of vocational education, to acquire more positive attitude towards such principle as 'learning all life' deemed to be an impact on being a sought-after specialist and "getting a decent job" as far as the youth obtains better idea of the digital revolution that is particularly important given the forecast of growing tension in the labor market.

Two of the most efficient ways of increasing digital economy systems' competitiveness are creating digital twins using PLM-based cost management instruments. Determining machinery's cost characteristics on the conceive step of their lifecycle is the most efficient if it's based on probabilistic approach. On the next steps of design process, such as concept design and detailed design, a designed construction's price should be estimated basing on its informational (parametric) complexity indexes. This price is to be compared with earlier estimated approximate parameters. The most efficient way of using presented approach is making it a part of CAx system (first of all, such systems as MCAD and EDA). It may be applied as a part of invariant subsystem of technical and economic parameters for the computer-aided account facilities and for simulation of processes (CAE, CAA). The most appropriate way of organizing design and development processes is to use AGILE ideology. This approach gives a possibility to create an integral system of creating digital twins that is useable on any step of product's lifecycle.

This paper describes the promising approach in creating applied intellectual decision-making systems in industry (different types) of the new generation, based on authors synergetic collective decision-making model and methods of hybrid computational intelligence, which allows us to significantly increase the quality of the results of computer-aided solutions to complex applied problems in information variety and heterogeneity as well as to enhance decision-making by reducing losses from erroneous and individual solutions which are irrelevant to the problem complexity. There is an example of successful application of proposed methods in modeling significant class of complex application systems in medical industry, i.e. multicomponent, poorly formalized systems functioning in various types of uncertainty. The paper presents perspective approach in the field of creation of applied intellectual systems of decision-making of new generation, on the basis of author's synergetic model of collective decision-making and methods of hybrid computing intelligence. This approach allows to significantly increase quality of results of the automated solution of complex applied challenges in the conditions of a variety and heterogeneity of information, and also to increase efficiency of decision-making due to reduction of losses from wrong and irrelevant difficulties of a task of individual decisions that results of laboratory experiments confirm.

The current trends in the industrial production development are that the process chains are becoming more complex, and arranged in the network structures, and cost of production goods prevails more in prime cost. This leads to increasing digitalization of the business process - spread of corporate information systems covering various fields of enterprises. In this case, the key block of these systems is the product costing block. Due to the complexity of process relations and prevalence of costs that are not directly related to the production process, the costing is carried out in a simplified form with the exception of cause-effect relations. This article covers a number of actual oriented tools, the application of which is most effective in conditions of industry digitalization, namely, the use of iterative algorithms and a matrix model when forming a cost indicator, which are considered both in terms of labor intensity, and the capabilities of modeling various economic conditions of the enterprise. The first and second approaches are the use of an iterative algorithm using systems of linear equations both explicitly (directly mathematical model) and implicitly - the construction of a model within a spreadsheet. The third approach involves mathematical model building using the matrix algebra. Thus, these tools allow not only to accurately calculate and model product costs, but also to implement the potential of industrial production digitization and the use of corporate information systems in full.

Considering the complexities of the global economic development the leading industrially developed countries approached a consensus in keeping the global economy stable. The latter requires widening the economic collaboration at the global level. China being one of the largest industrial countries in the world declared a new economic initiative "Made in China 2025". This initiative is aimed to transform the traditional opinion on China as a "global factory" and provide it with a new image – "smart advanced production". This article is devoted to a thorough analysis of Program "Made in China 2025", its historical conditions of establishment and implementations prospective. Here it is demonstrated that the program "Made in China 2025" is a new bearing governmental strategy in the national economy which is systematic and aimed to increase the competitiveness of the Chinese economy. It is mentioned that its introduction required solving the following tasks: organic integration of "conventional" and "modern" sectors of Chinese economy; upgrade and optimization of managerial structure of enterprises; development of Chinese industrial standards considering global requirements.

The research has been done in the field of organizational aspects of the program approach application to manage the processes of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement at enterprises in the context of shaping digital economy. The analysis of existing standards in the area of program management allowed formulating the main requirements for their adaptation with regard to the conditions under consideration. It also allowed determining key priorities needed in order to provide the necessary organizational changes. The concept of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement positioning in the enterprise management priority system was employed as the host methodological platform for the research. When implementing the suggested approach, the processes under study were viewed, first, from the point of solving the current problems of the energy utilities functionality at the enterprise; second, from the point of one of the possible concepts of solving tactical objectives for production and commercial operations efficiency improvement at the enterprise; third, from the point of one of the strategic directions of the enterprise development focused on its competitive growth. For each variant under consideration, requirements were formulated for establishing organizational support of measures on design, implementation and commercialization of energy-efficient innovations. Implementation of the suggested approach will foster integration of the energy saving and energy efficiency improvement processes as well as the processes of innovation development in the framework of the single control path. Results of the conducted research can be employed by enterprises that belong to various sectors and business profiles when forming energy saving and energy efficiency improvement programs in the context of Russian economy digitalization with different variants of the processes under study positioning in the management priority system.

Nowadays digital technologies penetrate deeper and deeper into all human activities. Digitalization influence not only business organization but changes the whole society. The article analyses the essence of term "digital economy". The study objective is to investigate the current state of digital economy and determine the direction of its infrastructure development. Here we determine the main traits of digital economy, information-technological structure of digital economy, digital economy platforms functioning mechanism. Along with information infrastructure an important element of digital economy – digital security (cyber security) is outlined. Cyber security is a protection of information infrastructure systems and it should provide safe work in global and local networks, safe operation of applications and digital platforms. Infrastructure of digital economy in Russia is analyzed: proactive security technologies, target object domain analysis, higher competitive level of the country. An issue of developing a modern economic theory of digital economy is being discussed.

The article presents mathematical models of production schedule assessment enabling the user to verify possibility and expediency of new order implementation by calculating the new schedule which will take into account this new order, enterprise resources and production risks associated therewith. Importance of these models consists in their feasibility as "Available-to-Promise" business-function for scheduling process automation and production schedule assessment. Presented models are expandable, scalable and flexibly adaptable to application environment and to organizational structure of various enterprises. Practical implementation of mathematical models and their integrating into digital production environment assume their implementation and monitoring by information system. This article is addressed to specialists involved in production automation and control.

Efficient use of natural resources, improvement of living standard and quality are increasingly attracting public attention; as a result, data characterizing company financial and non-financial indicators are in strong demand nowadays. Integrated reporting (complex of financial and non-financial indicators) is becoming one more competitive advantage of companies which are ready to submit transparent and reliable data displaying impact exerted by company activities on economy, environment and social medium to interested parties. Authors, aiming to investigate the information content of environmental constituent reflection in company activities under economy digitization condition, performed comparative analysis of ecological indicators recommended for disclosure in non-financial reporting of Global Reporting Initiative and Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE). Authors, for fuller reflection of results of company activities in the sphere of greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption monitoring, identified additional indicators enabling eco-management efficiency assessment. Using the proposed indicators it is possible to form an integrated digital block of indicators enabling the researcher to adequately evaluate the level of enterprise eco-safety.

An attempt is made to identify types and properties of electronic money on the basis of interdisciplinary integration of knowledge. Main levels of interdisciplinary knowledge integration are distinguished: level 1 — individual links between disciplines; level 2 — bi-and versatility polydisciplinary; level 3 — interdisciplinary; level 4 is transdisciplinary, and the most appropriate ones are identified for this study. Definition of electronic money in a broad sense is proposed and brief description of their types is presented: on the basis of maps; on the basis of networks; on the basis of distributed registry of digital transactions. Hypothesis has been put forward about the source of electronic money intrinsic value — i.e. about costs associated with production of energy which is ensuring their existence and functioning. Ideas about the scale of prices, properties of homogeneity, standard nature, and recognition of electronic money are grounded. Demand to continue research related to retrieval and elaboration of indicators of electronic money turnover on the basis of distributed register of digital transactions within the national payment system is indicated.

In the context of formation of digital economy and continuous introduction of innovations as well as reduction of permanent costs of organizations to management by automation of various business processes the automation of HR management becomes especially relevant as the organization personnel is its key capital. The modern level of development of information and communication technologies, availability of internet and various technical means allow to automate collection, storage and processing of personal data on potential or current employees, provide business estimation, provide 24-hour access to various educational resources. Consequently the range of suggested software and services is wide. The authors have analyzed the key functionality of integrated software solutions for HR management as well as possibilities of services automating individual personnel management processes for instance video interview, estimation, electronic training. As well the authors provided the recommended staged of introduction of automated systems to HR management. At the end of the article there are results of analysis of HRM systems at the Russian market, its tendencies and characteristics.

The manifestations of interregional differentiation reduce the sustainability and effectiveness of the innovative development that negatively affects the functioning of the national innovation system of Russia. Taking into account the high importance of integration, it seems obvious that it is impossible to increase the level of innovative development with no mutually beneficial cooperation, partnership, and balance of government regulations. Accordingly, the article is devoted to the study of integration processes, analysis of cluster forms of integration, development of recommendations for creation of the favorable environment for development of innovative processes in the Volga Federal District. The subject of study is the innovation processes which arise during the integration of the corporate structures. Herewith, the study logic reflects the following author's hypothesis – the integration provides for forming the corporate (cluster) structures and facilitates the activation of innovative processes. In turn, this promotes applying the advanced supra-brunch basic technologies and development of fundamentally important processes in the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept, namely: information, process, economic, social, etc.

Promotion of integration processes and innovation activity facilitate strengthening the competitive advantages of economic entities of the cluster and increasing the innovation potential of the regions.

High rates of growth of the ICO market and its excess returns stipulate a significant interest of investors to projects which use initial token allocation (ICO) for attracting investments. This work takes into account the fact that even a potentially profitable project may fail to collect the required amount of money and to start placing tokens on the stock exchange. We are speaking about success of an ICO-campaign for fund raising. In order to estimate the influence of factors and check the suggested research hypotheses, logistic regression was used. The selection included 672 projects. As a dependent variable, the proportion of the amount collected in the ICO process from the required value is selected. Depending on the tested hypothesis the influencing variables took into account the presence of a pre-sale stage and the bounty program and also the price of the token, the upper limit of fund raising, the duration of the ICO-campaign and the number of team members. The work results allow token emitters to substantiate managing the success of the ICO-campaign of the project and the investors to see whether it deserves their attention. Besides, the obtained materials can be useful for specialists in forming the legal framework of token transactions.

In the context of starting period of implementation of a grand-scale comprehensive program for the development of a new technological generation economy, a detailed consideration of the possible scenarios of the digital economy transformation and study of various approaches to its implementation become fundamentally important. Presently a group of authors of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University have undertaken a comprehensive study dedicated to this issue. More than two hundred primary sources of reference have been analyzed. Several main groups of risks associated with the shift to global digitalization have been defined and classified with reference to the results of the research undertaken. In order to specify the ways of adaptation to the circumstances and facts of the digital economy, the researchers have analyzed the experience of several leading enterprises which use digital technologies in their work. The research results described in this article provide the basis for draft recommendations on reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of the risks revealed.

This article presents main trend of modern urbanization associated with smart cities development on the basis of 4^th industrial revolution. The article presents retrospective analysis of smart city concept, identifies key features of smart city like smart economy (smart or 4.0 industry), smart population, smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living, intelligent infrastructure. "Smart city" term is defined as a concept and model of new urbanization based on 4^th industrial revolution and application of new generation technologies of Industry 4.0 (Internet of things, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, big data and other technologies) for planning, construction, management, integrated industrialization, informatization, modernization and sustainable development of the cities. The article analyzes integration and interaction between new urbanization and development of new technologies of Industry 4.0. On the one hand, technologies of the Industry 4.0 create fundamentally new infrastructure of the "smart city". These new technologies allow to solve problems of resources utilization and energy efficiency improvement, organize urban production and demographic changes in megacities. On the other hand, development of 'smart city" promotes new industrialization, creates new conditions for living, work, education, accumulates social and human capital, and attracts financial resources for business development.

The globalization and digitalization of the world economy keep up to date the problems of attaining sustainable competitiveness for the Russian industrial enterprises. The purpose of investigation is to study the ways of solving these problems on the basis of integrated approach combining the key provisions of concepts of competitiveness of enterprises, sustainable development and information society. The authors have given consideration to interrelation of digitalization objectives and goals of sustainable development reflected in the concepts of Industry 4.0, Society 5.0. The problems of adaptation of the Russian industry to the changes in process and state support to these processes have been revealed. A necessity of shaping a comprehensive methodology under conditions of global digitalization of economy and society on the basis of investigating the genesis of theory and methodology of ensuring competitiveness and sustainable development has been substantiated.

Proceeding from a variety of decision-making approaches in the project management sphere, the authors have made a hypothesis that Foresight is the most perfect and effective technology of forecasting the future in modern realities. The following tasks have been set to prove the fidelity of this judgment: to analyze Foresight concept regarding application of this method, to allocate and describe the main stages of Foresight development and to establish regularity and the reasons of bifurcation of this method based on these stages, to prove the need of Foresight application in the modern world especially in the project management sphere. The authors have established two opposite approaches to perception of a complex of actions during the research, which make Foresight so necessary for project management: present-future and future-present. The deep analysis of historical development of Foresight has allowed establishing relationship of cause and effect of this phenomenon. The assessment of compatibility of methods of Foresight in a percentage ratio for successful implementation of the project was carried out on the basis of scientists' researches. Also, studying of this problem has shown that qualification and creativity are the main criteria for evaluation of efficiency when it comes to use of the whole complex of Foresight methods. This approach allows to optimize and rationalize project activities and to increase the general indicators of efficiency.

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to elaborate the math tools to design investment, innovation and combined projects covering technological, product, enhancing and breakthrough innovations in production technological systems of machine builders. The innovation activity of machine building enterprise should be implemented in the mode 'think-do-think' so in digital economy each mastered innovation shall be placed in a digital information analytical system of enterprise managerial accounting. The purpose of the study is to develop the tools to regulate the sequence and substantiation of taking managerial decisions on forming of innovation investment project based on conversion operation cycle in the context of digitalization. The model of production process will be a closed operational cycle of conversion of production capital of enterprise production and technological system to monetary capital in the form of produced and sold products with market added value. The outcome of the study is the developed graphic analytical tools in the form of cashflow vectors graph. Further investigations will be devoted to development of entropic analysis method and design of innovation projects in machine building enterprises.

The relevance of this topic is determined by the necessary to develop and study the model and mathematical toolkit for the production enterprise digital platform. The model of ecosystem is the territory where enterprises manufacture products and form the life services balanced with the production. This balance is fundamental for the digital platform of production enterprise controlling system. In its turn, the controlling system includes production organization, management and accounting systems and innovation activity which continuously increase market added value of manufactured and sold products and life services of the territory. Digital platform of a manufacturing-technological system includes the model of production and its graphical and digital mathematical toolkit. We suggest that the model of production can be presented as a closed operation cycle converting manufacturing capital into monetary capital in the form of expenses and added market value of products. Mathematical toolkit of this model is the system of two vector equations including the vector equation of manufacturing capital and of monetary capital. We identified the regularities of changing operation cycle parameters and their proportions. The main condition of territory strategic planning should be oriented on the equality of sales value of manufactured products and sales value of life activity services. Physical basis of technological processes should correspond to products consumer properties. Further research will be devoted to the improvement of the digital platform mathematical toolkit ensuring efficient management accounting and innovation activity of enterprises.

The article analyses institutional environment of the process of introduction of information and communication technologies while developing the smart health concept. The best practices of innovations in healthcare, based on information-communication technologies, are analyzed. To define the driving forces for information and communication technology innovations the expert opinion analysis is held — the article uses results of the survey of the opinion of the heads of public and private medical organizations in St. Petersburg. Recommendations for regulatory authorities and medical organizations concerning enhancement of the process of introduction of innovations are formulated.

Based on analysis of current situation in Russian healthcare and experts' opinions, we conclude that main drivers for information and communication technologies introduction in public medical organizations are being represented by State healthcare digitalization strategy and competition with private medical organizations in market paid services sector. Main drivers for private medical organizations are increase in demand for paid medical services and increase in competition in this sector.

The smart health concept is not just assuming introduction of innovations inside medical organizations, but also needs effective collaboration between clinics, patients and city management.

It is necessary to take into account flexible environment of medical organizations. Digitalization in healthcare system should be based on integration of needs and enhancement of collaboration among groups of interests.

The article studies the problem of formation of costs at machine-building enterprises as one of the key factors of intensive growth under uncertainty conditions and transition to an innovation-based development. Such changes require monitoring of the structure and economic content of the cost of engineering products for development of proposals to reduce production costs. The purpose of the study is a statistical analysis of the structure and economic content of the cost of production. The main methods of research are structural analysis; methods of comparison and graphical representation of the results allowing to trace the dynamics of changes are analyzed in this article. The factors influencing the change of expenses structure are depicted. The key cost elements causing growth of machine-building production costs are revealed. Statistical cost analysis is aimed at finding of internal reserves to reduce it and to create further prerequisites stimulating implementation of innovative projects in the development of mechanical engineering.

It was established in the course of investigation that the experience of digital transformation had turned out to be successful not for all companies. It has been defined that a system of management meeting the requirements of digital economy is necessary for adaptation of a company to the changing environmental conditions owing to the breakthrough technologies. The investigation provides a model of transformation of the industrial enterprise management system under digitalization conditions. A methodological approach has been offered for conducting organizational diagnostics and structuring the problems of management of an enterprise that selected the strategy of digital development based on the integrated organizational concept. The parameters for diagnostics have been selected on the basis of analyzing experience of digital transformations of companies in the domestic and foreign practice (data have been received from the open information sources). The proposed approach makes it possible to identify possible reasons of organizational problems of enterprise digital transformations as well as plan activities for settling these problems.

The article is addressing the problem of evaluating the efficiency of public expenditures on applied R&D being a tool to improve "transparency" of financial flows in scientific and technical sphere, implemented in digital environment. Economic effect of is construed as sum of economic effects expressed in GVA created by the company with utilization of R&D findings, and in sales-generated income tax payments. The article presents a model for assessing the overall economic effect of applied R&D findings utilization with the use of tool identified as "cash flow discounting". The rule of estimation of efficiency of budget expenditures for applied R&D is formulated. It is concluded that the presented model can become a part of management decision-making tools in scientific and technical sphere in terms of selection of directions of state financing of applied R&D. The proposed approach to assessing the efficiency of budget investments in applied R&D can be implemented as one of the services of the digital economy platform.

The radio electronics is one of the rapidly-growing branches of industry in the world, where a great number of innovative projects is implemented. The article reflects the existing technologies representing the best world practices. It is demonstrated that digital transformation contributes to drastic increase of productivity and value of enterprises. The enterprises of electronic industry use achievements of digital era: mobility, social media, analytics, smart devices, it helps to improve capabilities of the traditional technologies. The most flexible of the leading enterprises implement the major projects of digital transformation. The significance of intellectual properly increases with successful propagation of information and communication technologies and enhancement of innovative processes in the economy development. It has been reflected that integrating the efforts of business, science and state in implementation of the priority directions of modernization and technological development contributes to creation of new technologies.

Science and education are playing an undoubtedly key role in shaping the innovation economy referred to as 'knowledge-based economy'. Development of academic science is the basic condition of achieving the strategic goals of innovative transformations in the Russian Federation economy. Each link in the 'fundamental triangle' of national economy development (university — scientific organization — industrial enterprise) requires particular analysis, specific set of support tools and mechanism enabling proper interaction between 'fundamental triangle' parts. Purpose of activities performed by universities and scientific organizations is supplying real economy enterprises with high-end professionals and innovative developments. This article presents key findings of investigation of the Russian Federation higher school's science-and-innovation resources development for the period 2006–2015/2016. The paper is addressing the matters related to planned key indicators of Federal targeted program entitled 'Research and development works in the priority areas of RF science-and-technology complex for 2014–2020' acting in capacity of key mechanism intended to stimulate interactions within the 'fundamental triangle'.

The aim of the study is to substantiate the relationship between the parameters of the demand for professional competence of marketers and various factors of innovation and technological activity of enterprises allowing more accurate determination of composition of professional, personal competencies and non-traditional requirements for job seekers. To achieve this goal, the authors identify the factors leading to the change in requirements for professional competencies of marketers including the level of innovation and technological activity of enterprises, the technological level of production, the scale and size of the organization, the place of organization in the production and technological chain formed along the product life cycle. Based on comparative analysis of innovation activity statistics, conclusions are made about significant differences in this kind of activity levels in the sectors of the region's economy. In order to determine the requirements that employers impose on job seekers in the field of marketing, a study was conducted. The results of the study can be used by educational institutions to adapt training programs and retraining of professional staff to the needs of promising commodity markets and labor markets.

The area of banks activity goes far beyond the borders of the banking sector and increasingly penetrates the functioning of the whole variety of material and non-material services. Analysis of key areas and assessment of the capabilities of domestic banking institutions in the process of transition to a new business model of "digital" Bank, show that the characteristic trends are: focus on remote services; competition for banking products of innovative digital solutions; investing in artificial intelligence technologies and reducing cyber risks. The Bank, like any other financial service provider, should create financial processing capabilities that can be integrated into customer interaction systems. Major players in the digital financial economy are already taking initial steps in this direction in form of creating omnichannel platform, a modern ecosystem of remote servicing of corporate clients, the integration of banking business with social networks, the accelerated introduction of blockchain technologies in customer relations with banks. However, these innovations are fragmented and reproduced only by individual banking institutions. On the example of Sberbank and Gazprombank innovations, technological solutions that have become sufficiently operational and replicated in the activities of business partners are characterized. The study contains estimates and reference directions in system adaptation of banks to new requirements and features of the transformation traditional business of universal credit institutions in to the new model forms of digital Bank with corporate-investment content.

The paper proposes a method for conducting a digital analysis of geocompetition, which allows exploring the competitive environment on digital vector maps. The method includes four stages of analysis: the study of the competitive environment of the city using the function "density of nuclei"; statistical geoprocessing of data using the Clarke-Evans tool; the formation and visualization of the coverage areas of shopping facilities; creation of a polygonal topology based on Thiessen polygons to explore business opportunities for the spatial development of the city. The proposed methodology was tested on the data of the capital of the Republic of Crimea — Simferopol. The purpose of the study is to create a methodology that allows justifying the strategy of placing commercial enterprises based on digital geomarketing technologies. The study shows strong congestion of the city center with trade enterprises, high density of their location, exceeding the standard service areas by two and half times. It identifies the buffer zones around the stores and areas of supersaturated supply, which are the potential "cannibalization zones", that is, areas of potential risk for doing business. Recommendations were made on the use of geo-information technologies as a necessary tool for local authorities to make decisions regarding the issuance of licenses to commercial facilities in the context of the modern development of urban space and the digital economy.

Development of the market of organic products over the Internet requires a complex study of the competitive capability of ecologically safe products sold in the conditions of forming the digital economy. In this work we studied regular customers of 54 internet-shops selling organic products. The initial data was obtained through questioning internet-shops customers, with the coverage of 470 respondents. The results were processed with the use of economic-mathematical and statistical analysis methods in the SPSS environment. During the research, we carried out a segmentation monitoring, defined social-demographic criteria to group the sampling survey, then we carried out a factor-related analysis and estimated nine prevailing factors influencing the choice made by the customer as he/she buys ecologically safe products over the Internet. The most relevant factors for customers are: the price, the markings and the shelf life. The integral coefficient of competitive capability with consideration of all the factors is equal to 6.5 in the Harrington's scale, which means a high level of competitive capability of ecologically safe products in the conditions of forming the digital economy. The main problem is confirmation of compliance of this kind of products by applying the corresponding cryptographic marking.

The Digital Platforms (DP) correspond to the online type of multi-sided platforms (MSP). They carry out the activity as intermediary institutes, providing the organization and facilitating interaction and an exchange between various groups of users. The digital platforms are analyzed in this work by the authors as a complex object of management. Bases for understanding the essence and distinctive features of digital platforms, and also various aspects of digital platforms functioning, including the role, functions, principles, tools and mechanisms of implementation of platform management are given. The authors show that functioning of digital platforms differs from functioning of the traditional organizations. Considering the fact that the main value on the platform is the creation of huge communities of external users, the platform companies shift a focus of their activity from the organization of internal business processes and control over internal resources to the external ones, partially or completely replacing the internal. A distinctive feature of DP functioning is the limitation of powers of authority of DP control side and lack of the centralized bottom-up management. The general DP management is not so much of a control-and-management style, as of an organization-and-stimulating and coordinating style. The conclusion is drawn that the development and deployment of management structure, a number of control mechanisms, pricing models, as well as implementation of other measures coordinated with the stage of life cycle of development, a business model and architecture of a platform are necessary for effective platform development.

Implementation of IT significantly increases opportunities of the leading operators on the commodity market in the sphere of efficient quality and safety monitoring throughout the food products life cycle. Development of the compact analytical equipment for control of physical and chemical parameters regulated by the applicable technical standards at production, storage and marketing of food products is the important task having social implication. Represented in the article as an IT application solution is the express method for determination of casein concentration in dairy products packed with the help of the units using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) effect. With the aid of this express method the adulterated dairy products (milk, condensed milk, curd, etc.) can be revealed which are produced on the basis of dry skimmed milk containing a dry milk serum by substitution of the milk protein — casein. According to the preliminary assessment the minimum concentration of casein reported by such method is approx. 0.5%. The method is based on investigation of the hydration process of casein micelles participating in formation of structural-mechanical properties of protein coagula created at fermented milk products generation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) conception in food industry is actively developing and covers a wide range of tasks: increasing the quality, elaboration of resources-saving technologies, managing working time and production in real-time mode and revealing failures in manufacturing chains. A method of intensification of the industrial process of baking fish molded goods of increased nutritional value by applying an ultrasonic unit is presented in the article; research data on organoleptic and microbiological quality points, chemical composition and energy value, mineral elements are also reported here. High-mineralized fish rows are safe after ultrasonic treatment and they have excellent organoleptic quality indicators. Using ultrasonic equipment with temperature elements will allow not only to intensify the technological process of baking fish rows, to save their original qualitative characteristics but also to control temperature in the center of the product. Applying ultrasonic will also allow finishing complete repeatable processes in the minimum amount of time and reducing processing costs. Using ultrasonic sensors on packaging will help consumers to control the quality in the process of storing.

Development of digital technologies which has ultimately transformed the world economy requires a reasonable methodology for estimating economic efficiency. In this study, we tried to create methodological tools on the basis of a calculation and analytical base. Calculation-analytical algorithms of absolute and relative efficiency have been interpreted. High-priority economical (internal rate of return, discounted net profit and expenses) and program-target (coefficients of significance and efficiency) indicators have been studied. Advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm for evaluating the digital technologies efficiency in the context of the digital economy development in Russia were critically reconsidered. Economic components which reflect ROI in the process of implementing digital technologies and program-target components which characterize economic efficiency of distributing investments within the framework of the scientific-production program have been studied. Comparative analysis has been carried out in relation to the following: main goals which correspond to final results of the development process of digital technologies of industrial economic entities; secondary goals which reflect the methods of achieving main goals; and also scientific-production measures which provide implementation of secondary goals of the digital technologies development program of industrial economic entities. The advantages of the collegial decision-making technique in the sphere of development of digital technologies of industrial-production companies have been substantiated: creative thinking of qualified corporate authors, confrontation of polar scientific views, business mutual influence of experts, overcoming conformity of personal opinions and achieving scientific objectivity and validity of the scientific-production decision being made. Advantages of the functional-cost tools in digital economy have been identified: accounting of dynamics of cost flows variability for all periods of a digital technology "life cycle", influence of stochastic market-institutional factors, neutralizing the destructive process of the capital sub-optimization for solving local business problems, stimulation of efficiency of the scientific-technical policy of the Russian Federation.

According to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, (TRCU) 021/2011 "On safety of food products" the enterprises manufacturing food products, including public catering enterprises, have to incorporate and maintain the system of safety based on the principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). One of the HACCP principles states that the monitoring of checkpoints and critical checkpoints shall be provided at the enterprise. The monitoring and control of temperature modes of premises, refrigerating and freezing installations is mandatory according to HACCP requirements. The questionnaire survey carried out by the authors has shown that the temperature mode is under control at 9 of 10 catering establishments. In case of such process organization the checkpoints or critical checkpoints can be traced not in time, which brings about not only the degradation of produce quality, but the indicators of its microbiological safety too. In order to eliminate this peril, it is recommended to organize not a periodic but a permanent control over these checkpoints. It is attained due to incorporation and development of an automated system of control of temperature modes of premises, refrigerating and freezing installations. The article presents technical support and software of the automated system of process control developed by the authors, which has been approved officially at A la fourchette LLC (Moscow). The incorporation of this automated system implements a permanent guaranteed monitoring and control of microbiological risk, increases labor productivity; enhances accuracy and stability of fulfilled operations, etc. A bilateral link between education and business has been implemented in this study.

The article describes the necessity to use the Internet for remote quality control and safety of liquid substations production. We present the system which is developed by us and based on a refractometer for remote control of various liquid products quality for flowing through pipeline in the online mode. The new system allows transferring information about the media state from the refractometer by the fibre-optic communication line in the Internet over distances of more than 1800 km simultaneously to several computers. The results of experimental studies of the state of various media are presented.

A computerized flow of unified information on textile raw material is able to reach the world commodity exchanges within the shortest possible time, actively influence promotion of new products to the market and price-formation processes owing to implementation of Internet technologies. Cotton of new breeds of cotton plant and fiber of a new breed of textile hemp has been used for investigation. The comparative assessment of fiber has been performed using the methods of national standards UzRST (GOST) and computerized Spinlab HVI 900. The national standards of cotton quality are informative, but labor-intensive and related to equipment, which is not computerized. The assessment of quality fiber of cotton plant breeds and the hemp ones testifies to the fact that Spinlab HVI 900 characterizes peculiarities of different fibers. The availability of the unified HVI technology integrated into Internet is of crucial significance for a possibility of assessing the new product in the criteria of widespread raw material, and not only a cotton one. The investigations of hemp fiber have demonstrated that the raw material features UHML length comparable with fine-fibrous cotton (36.8–37.4 mm) with uniformity along the length of Un up to 77.6. The strength of such fiber is high — up to 43.5. It is evident for the consumers of different countries that the hemp fiber is suitable for blended spinning with cotton using the widespread cotton-processing equipment. The fiber quality information in digitized form can be promptly transmitted and analyzed globally for production and commercial purposes. It increases the capabilities of qualitative assessment of some fiber examples with the prospects of dynamic provision of information from the unit laboratory to the world market through implementation of Internet technologies.

The article substantiates the need to use express control to check the quality of various products in the form of a liquid, gel or bulk materials. A technique for express control of quality of various products based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance is proposed. This technique makes it possible to obtain information on the results of research in digital form and automatically place it on the Internet. Within the framework of the 'Internet of things' concept, leave online for users of this medium their opinion on the quality of goods. The results of experimental studies of liquid media are presented.

The marking of food products comprises mandatory information regulated by legislative enactments of the state regarding the contents of nutrients. A restricted information capacity of the package features no opportunity to accommodate more exhaustive information on the advantages of food products for the health of potential consumers. The advantages of food products for the health, such as antioxidant capacity thereof is variable depending on quality and quantity composition of ingredients and technologies as exemplified by blended juices and enriched bakery products. It is impossible to accommodate the results of attaining maximum antioxidant capacity by the new food products and the visual presentation thereof in the margins of standard information panel of the package. A graphical representation of the received information is more relevant for the consumer, but it occupies the volume of information exceeding the margins not only of standard information panel of the package, but QR code too. It has been proposed with the use of QR coding to provide the consumer with a possibility of switching over to the information resource of the manufacturer of commodity group, which may comprise both inherent information and the information of external development agencies, including scientific publications on antioxidant properties of food products. The use of IOT will help provide consumers with more exhaustive information on healthy nutrition and stimulate acquisition of food products useful for health.

Animal hair is a traditional valuable raw material for the textile industry. However, its cost varies over a wide range and depends on the animal species, certain qualitative characteristics. There are cases of wool products falsification according to their fibrous structure in the whole world. The scientific world is undertaking studies aimed at improving the existing and creating new methods of identification of wool, including those with the use of information technologies. Results of determining fibrous structure of different products made of animal hair in mixtures with sheep wool are presented in the article; these results demonstrate the fact of falsification of textile products on the Russian market. The problems of identifying are considered in the article and the scheme of using remote technologies for purposes of improving expert practice is suggested.

Digitalization of economy will not solve the problem of gaining consumers' trust. Consumers are getting more independent in their choice; they learn to escape watching advertisements. That is why reputation of an organization, together with price, is becoming a powerful stimulus of consumer choice. In order to overcome informational overload of digital environment and create reputational assets, it is necessary to change the strategies of marketing communications. The content of messages should address basic values of consumers, therefore the emphasis should be shifted to promoting social ideas. High importance of an idea means high involvement of consumers and that allows overcoming informational overload of digital environment. Correlation of expenses and profits from realizing a social idea and also the value of an idea for the society and an individuum determine four types of promoting strategies. Interconnection of an organization business and the problem being solved enables not only forming reputation but also performs commercialization of a social idea in the form of sales of a material product. Promoting a social idea requires network structure of building the process of communication. The network model of communication takes into account multiplicity of subjects participating in the communication and also 'self-sufficiency' which is intrinsic to the idea as benefit suggested for exchanging.

Digitalization of economy contributes to activation of innovations. Consumers often evaluate a novelty product in the context of their previous experience of consumption of substitute goods. In case of a radical change of consumption model there appear difficulties with diffusion of innovation on the market. Digital environment provides conditions for designing consumer experience which precedes accepting the innovation. The reviewed case of diffusion of electromobiles as an innovative product has revealed the problems of communication in support of the innovation. The amount of informational support is insufficient and it does not take into account peculiarities of consumer experience. Two aspects of analysis – medium degree of involvement of consumers in the process of changing the model of behavior as well as rational perception of the value of innovation – allow pointing out two key problems of forming consumer experience regarding electromobiles: giving consumers exact criteria which allow comparing advantages of electromobiles with motor vehicles with combustion engine and the impossibility of testing the novelty.

The subject of the article is urgent due to fast rates of occurrence of new specialities and the corresponding demand for specialists, on the one hand, and long and inefficient cycle of training of a limited number of specialists with lack or small number of new knowledge possessors. The core of the problem is insufficient quantity of specialists in demand training for a long time, exceeding the time of implemented process cycle change. The objective of the research is to define the problem of timely training and retraining of workforce in educational institutions and offer innovative ways of the problem solution. The tasks of the research are to describe traditional educational processes implemented nowadays and determine the existing deficiencies, to define the problem of timely training and retraining of workforce and offer innovative methods of solving the problem of workforce timely training and retraining. The research is based on such methods as the method of data analysis, method of psychophysical analysis, theory of image identification, probability theory and methods of segmentation analysis. The offered and patented innovative methods contribute to improvement of the quality of training by means of optimal combination of complexity of material studied and psychophysiological parameters of trainees and expansion of teacher's capabilities in efficiency control of training impact. Within the framework of the present article, the objectively existing problem of training and retraining of workforce was stated and innovative methods of its solution that are totally new in the world, technically implementable and applicable in practice were proposed.

Transition of a significant part of developed and developing countries to "silver economy" characterized by the increase of aged population share is forming new demographic challenges for the labor market. They are expressed in two main trends: firstly, the average age of enterprise employees grows; secondly, the number of mixed labor collectives, which contains employees of various ages, grows. Both tendencies are extremely essential for enterprises of marketplace characterized by relatively lower (in comparison with other economy sectors) admission demands to employees' education and experience, and in this regard, open for applying forces of jobseekers of various ages who have most diverse professional background. Efficient functioning of such various labor teams raises peculiar demands on organizational culture of a trade enterprise which should include values supported by all employees. Our research is focused on studying value orientations of employees of different age categories on the basis of M. Rokich methodology. Similarities between terminal and instrumental values among employees of different ages revealed as a result of the research may become the basis for forming efficient organizational culture of trade enterprises which provides high motivation, adaptability and flexibility of the staff in the context of constant evolution of customers' demands.

The article analyzes the basic concepts that characterize the problems of digital transformation of economy; identifies the main directions of the transformation of trade in the digital economy, characterized by increased competition, dramatically increased opportunities for collecting and processing data using artificial intelligence, changing consumer behavior in the digital environment. The key problems of the development of trade enterprises are formulated: improvement of digital methods for collecting, processing, analyzing marketing information; organization of interaction with consumers in the digital environment; automation of planning and implementation of marketing activities. Directions of improving the marketing activities of a commercial enterprise stipulated by the digital transformation are specified: in the development of product policy it is the emergence of fundamentally new 'smart' goods and services; modernization of traditional goods, aimed at implementing the functions of interaction in the digital environment at the level of goods-goods, goods-external environment, goods-people; formation of new markets for devices, equipment, systems of interaction of various objects; in the development of pricing policy, it is taking into account both the possibility of a 'skimming' strategy when introducing a product with new characteristics to the market, and a rapid price drop; accounting for the emergence of a large number of services, price comparison for goods and services, systems of interaction with the buyer in real time, offering goods and services in a given place at a given time and at the best prices; when developing a promotion strategy taking into account the factor of interaction in cyberspace.

A marketing analysis of the Internet of things problem was carried out, which showed that the development of the Internet of things will have in the near future a significant impact on the markets for goods and services, product policies in a number of industries, and, above all, the trade industry. The conceptual foundations of the development of the Internet of things have been explored. It is shown that an element of the "thing" interaction system will become an active participant in business processes, information and social processes in the future, and will be able to interact and exchange information about the environment, respond to and influence processes occurring in the outside world, without human intervention. The development of the Internet of things implies significant changes in the formation of product policies, enterprises producing various goods, trade, services. It is recommended to consider the Internet of things during formation of development strategies as an integral part of the innovative assortment policy, aimed at creating new products, imparting new properties and characteristics to the manufactured goods. Opportunities for entering new markets are defined within the framework of the interaction marketing and the Internet of things concept. Structural changes in the product policy have been revealed under the influence of the development of the Internet of things that determine that the formation of development strategies within the concept of the Internet interaction of things should be viewed as an innovation trend in product policy, mainly focused on: the creation of new "smart" goods and services; imparting new functions to the traditional products within the framework of the "product-external environment" interaction; the formation of new markets for devices, equipment, systems of interaction of various objects. The peculiarities of the communicative policy, aimed at the formation of a new everyday culture, focused on the ecology of technological innovations based on the understanding of the deep interrelation of human, natural and technological, have been defined.

The article gives consideration to the institutes of retail digital economy, basic trends of transformation thereof. It shows a changing role of institutes in trade not only as constraints, but as the catalysts of the consumers' needs. The differences between traditional retail institutes and electronic commerce institutes have been reviewed, the convergence thereof with the present-day operators along the entire value chain has been demonstrated on the basis of examples of the current retail actors and implementing a fundamentally new strategy of communication between a seller and a buyer.

The organization of retail "around buyer" becomes the main convergence driver on the basis of acquisition, analysis and use of big data arrays. The elements of internal and external institutional environment have been presented, except that the identification thereof makes it possible to define the most significant institutes for trading business development as well as the "weakest links" in the system of institutional transformation.

This study considers the issues regarding qualitative transition of the economy to an innovative development way as part of the main demographic trends in the labor market. In particular, in the market segment where the electric generating companies of the energy industry are operating, the specificity of the PJSC RUSHYDRO labor resources quality was studied and the practical personnel training and development for the industry was assessed by the leading university of the country, State Federal-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute" (SFFE IHPT NRU "MEI"). This paper has investigated some aspects of innovative processes in the energy industry, which are hindered by a whole system of restrictions. These restrictions include negative trends associated with the formation of domestic scientific potential. The innovative vector of strategic development of energy companies dictates new requirements of employers for the quality of personnel training and retraining. The authors proposed an algorithm for the organization and development of educational and practical activities of the university for Russian research and production companies in the electric power industry.

The digitalization of the economy opens up new opportunities for business and the development of interstate investment cooperation, which is caused by the objective strengthening of globalization processes at all levels. The impact of digital technologies on all sectors of the economy is constantly growing. Digital technologies have become the main drivers for financial market transformation, FDI flows development and created new challenges for the next few years. German-Russian investment relations are closely linked to political and digital transformation which requires developing and introducing new solutions that enable interaction among market participants, so the analysis of investment relations between Russia and Germany in the context of digital transformation is relevant for the study. German FDI in Russia and Russian FDI in Germany are presented in the article. Geographical distribution of Russian and German investments are studied. Sustainability of Russian direct investment in Germany is discussed. Industries of investments in the context of digital transformation are defined. Particular attention has been paid to the problems in the field of investment, which have hampered mutually beneficial cooperation between these countries. The prospects for the development of Russian-German relations and the efforts of the Russian side to revive an effective economic policy are considered.

The authors have undertaken a study of a consumer's digital portrait, interconnections between the consumer's digital portrait and the consumer's portrait have been determined. They have defined such concepts as 'digital consumer' and the 'digital portrait of a consumer'. They have also formed a system of characteristics building up the consumer's digital portrait; have determined four groups of characteristics: social-demographic, behavioral, psychographic and geographical characteristics. Each group of characteristics has been divided into static and dynamic elements. The role of dynamic elements of a digital consumer's characteristics and also methods of their research have been defined. The authors have determined the system of methods for exploring a consumer's digital portrait; the concepts of open and hidden methods of studying consumers' characteristics have been specified. The importance of using search tools and social networks for studying a consumer's digital portrait has been notified and high priority of psychographic characteristics has been marked.

Innovation development of retail is based on objective economic trends determining evolution of product circulation system. Transformation of parameters of retail and technological operations of retailers under conditions of economics digitalization makes issues of study of management architecture of retail enterprises relevant. Diffusion of innovations in retail determined by scale of retail and structure of product circulation sphere form the basis for conversion of business processes. The main factors determining innovation development of retail are the following ones: business consolidation, level of innovation development in the country and in the world, competitive situation, investment climate state, institutional and legislative regulation, culture of consumption. The determinants of retail innovation development determine basic strategic directions of retail and technological systems development which should include informatization, customization and integration. Coupling of strategic directions of innovation development of retail with basic competition strategies enables retail technological systems to plan introduction of organizational, marketing, informational, technological innovations approaching target competitive advantages.

Innovations are a continuous process so the issues related to life cycle management of a retail enterprise are relevant. Effective management of enterprise life cycle allows reducing risks and decreasing the degree of uncertainty of its innovation activity. To describe the innovations life cycle the authors used Verhulst equation according to which the logistic function determines the innovations life cycle as a sigmoid – s-shaped curve. The method suggested by the authors determines the correlation interaction between determination of the moment when the innovation is introduced into retail enterprise activity and the innovation ageing period. The article substantiates that it is reasonable to use sales volume as a factor of effect from introduction of innovation in retail enterprise. Such factors as profit, efficiency, consumer traffic or mean receipt sum can be used as well. The novelty of the author approach is that it contains the interaction between life cycle stages of retail network and innovation introduction moments which enables to estimate the effectiveness of innovations in the enterprise. The information provided by such analysis will enable the management to elaborate a competent and effective development strategy of the company and in such a way increase its competitiveness.

The study considers the issues of enterprises transformation model forming and the corresponding processes of product distribution depending on informational and digital capabilities of the enterprise. Material tendencies, priorities and directions of transformation, achievements and mistakes in the field of retail computerization forming a new approach to interactions of parties in product distribution chains were detected. Earlier development and introduction of informational and digital technologies in retail were related only to distribution network management. Today the task aimed to arrange comfortable purchase with maximum profit for the client goes to the foreground. The organizational principles of digital enterprise changing retail and technological processes of enterprises have been brought to a system: personalization, digitalization, comfortable payments, comfortable and fast delivery. Capabilities from transfer to retail are given based on digital principles which enable to build an integrated product distribution model when the buyer selects the most comfortable channel to buy and becomes loyal against comfort and easy service.

This paper observes global innovation trends (GIT) of trade development including digitalization of economy. Based on a number of approaches to GIT, their conglomerate nature is shown; the lack of consistency and analysis of social and economic consequences of GIT is revealed, including major staff reductions in trade and the related sectors. It is offered to study GIT on the basis of a two-level model of global trends and social and economic implications, as well as to estimate them according to 4 subsystems: 1) GIT development including digitalization of trade and structural changes in its business processes and management; 2) identification and assessment of the GIT social and economic implications in foreign and domestic trade environment; 3) formation of damping mechanisms to compensate the negative effects of GIT in trade and enhancing their positive effects; 4) identification and implementation of positive synergistic effects. A range of suggestions to prevent the growth of SMEs bankruptcies in Russian trade and to improve efficiency of the "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation" program is given in the article.

This article observes the theoretical issues concerning strategic sustainability of trading enterprises in the new conditions of economy digitalization. The need for digital control of the strategic sustainability within trading enterprises is explained. The article examines the contradictory nature of the current approaches to the most important categories of the strategic sustainability within the enterprises. Among them are stability, sustainability and competitiveness that hinder digitalization of the strategic management processes. This paper also proposes a new category of strategic sustainability which eliminates these contradictions within an enterprise based on the methodology of systemic dialectics and determining its nature. Various approaches to digital characteristics of the strategic sustainability within enterprises are considered together with their shortcomings associated with the lack or digital immeasurability of a whole range of elements. The article proposes a conceptual model for assessment of the strategic sustainability within the enterprises based on a set of digital components that most significantly affect it. The model stems from the synthesis of aspects typical for both the external and the internal environment of enterprises determining their strategic sustainability and the perspectives for their digitalization.

The publication gives consideration to the directions of using logistic models of bankruptcy of the companies in the algorithms of determining optimal capital structure on the basis of trade-off approach. A variant of determining company's financial distress costs has been offered proceeding from the bankruptcy risk assessment. The bankruptcy risk can be calculated on the basis of logistic regression models. Unlike the more widespread discriminate bankruptcy risk models, the bankruptcy risk models based on the logistic regression assess a probability of the bankruptcy risk occurrence. An algorithm of calculating the cost of financial distress has been offered proceeding from the risk level assessment. It will be possible to calculate the optimal level of company's debt burden on the basis of calculating this indicator in future. The suggested approach helps to take into account quite a great number of factors affecting the bankruptcy risk and use these data in the summarized form to determine the optimal level of the of company's debt burden.

The paper is addressing various viewpoints on theoretical metrology and components thereof. The necessity to develop a methodological basis for the theory of measurement is considered. The authors proposed to switchover to axiom-based constructing of metrology theoretical foundations; at that, axiom defining fundamental value of a priori knowledge, axiom describing measurement process procedure, basic postulate of metrology and axiom of measurement result assessment procedure — all of them take on the role of main ones. Authors scrutinized the postulate about existence of true value of measured quantity and gave attention to uncertainty and error estimates underlining that axiomatic fundamentals of metrology are still in nascent stage and, therefore, require focused attention of the researchers.

The trends of development of modern enterprises lead to building network-connected territorially dispersed structures, which determine the enhanced requirements to control systems. Therefore, the control systems are compelled to use general technological resource — cyber-domain, which is the reason for transition of competitive confrontation to technological sphere and leads to the emergence of premeditated direct or indirect destructive program actions as one of the most efficient facilities for getting competitive advantage. The enterprise functioning quality control under new conditions requires provision of a subsystem of taking decisions with timely, authentic and complete information on the state of cyber-domain. The task of getting such information can be realized using modeling methods. The analysis of the existing modeling methods of communication networks has demonstrated availability of an essential deficiency — absence of keeping record of destructive program actions with simultaneous functioning of two conflicting enterprise control systems at the unified technological resource. The article describes a new method of simulating communication networks rectifying the revealed deficiency. The presented method can make a basis of the model, which is capable to enhance information awareness of the subsystem of taking decisions on the state of a simulated network, enhancing by the same the quality of enterprise control and, accordingly, the quality of functioning of the enterprise proper. The article is the development of the method of simulating of premeditated damages of elements of communication network patented by the authors.

The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between TQM (Total Quality Management) and innovations, to understand whether the innovation affects the enterprise efficiency. After sources analyzing, it was revealed that process strategies (process strategies, not product ones) improve the enterprise efficiency both in operational and financial terms, and product innovations only improve financial indicators. It was also found that the TQM implementation encourages both product and process innovations. However, only those enterprises that implement the process innovation strategies aim at adopting TQM principles and methods, although there is a connection between product innovation and TQM implementation. The paper novelty is to consider the interdependence of different innovative strategies (strategies for orientation to financial indicators and strategies for orientation to operational performance) with TQM implementation.

Scientific instrument making is one of the key drivers for the economy of a highly developed country. R&D and manufacturing of scientific devices and equipment in the Russian Federation have been facing a lot of different obstacles during recent decades. The weak link is the transition of the results of fundamental and applied research into prototypes of products, as well as the subsequent organization of mass production. In particular, the problem is the lack of seamless knowledge transfer processes from researchers to developers, as well as the extremely high price of manufacturing samples of scientific instruments and equipment. In this paper we consider the state of art concept of Future plant implementation for scientific instrument making. We also demonstrate an example of successful using of digital technologies in high-tech equipment development project.

The article covers the issues of ensuring sustainable city development based on the achievements of digitalization. Attention is also paid to the use of quality economy tools in managing 'smart' cities under conditions of the digital transformation of the national economy. The current state of 'smart' cities and the main factors contributing to their sustainable development, including the digitalization requirements is analyzed. Based on the analysis of statistical material, the main prospects to form the 'smart city' concept, the possibility to assess such parameters as 'life quality', 'comfort', 'rational organization', 'opportunities', 'sustainable development', 'city environment accessibility', 'use of communication technologies'. The role of tools for quality economics is revealed in ensuring the big city life under conditions of digital economy. The concept of 'life quality' is considered, which currently is becoming one of the fundamental vectors of the human civilization development, a criterion that is increasingly used to compare countries and territories. Special attention is paid to such tools and methods of quality economics as standardization, metrology and quality management. It is proposed to consider these tools as a mechanism for solving the most important problems in the national economy development under conditions of digital transformation.

This article is analyzing methodological aspects applied to information epoch environment, in particular, to economy. It is displaying expediency of using "information economy" term instead of technical concept "digital economy". At that, a more profound concept "digital information resource" is used. It is demonstrated that classical services are now considered as an element of digital information resources. The paper is identifying, generalizing and shaping characteristics of global info-telecommunication system. It is clarifying the constructive definition of cyberspace concept. It is revealed and structured the difference of cause-and-effect relations between quality of means of production and quality of manufactured products and provided services applied to new object — cyberspace. It is displaying co-subordination of concept identified as "information security" in relation to concept identified as "information resources delimitation" of economic entities. On the basis of analysis and previous investigations, the problem and the hypothesis of new sphere of scientific research was revealed and shaped. Problem decomposition into the totality of first-priority scientific tasks was performed.

Theory and practice of quality management are still under longstanding crisis which is most evidently manifested in conditions of digital economy. This article is addressing a conceptually new approach to solving the problem of quality management system development. Lack of progress in solving this problem is caused by (I) mismatch between today's basic economic model and economic practices and, as a consequence, (II) failure to solve it within the scope of recommendations obtained in limited subject field. Referring to analysis of centuries-long experience of scientific development the authors investigate potential directions of quality management system development. The paper substantiates necessity to address the background of methodology — a science dealing with functioning and using of practical recommendations which already exist in this sphere. As a result, this subject acquires the features of interdisciplinary character — interfacing economical, general systematical and general methodological disciplines. It should be mentioned that so far problems presented herein have not been completely investigated and further more profound and detailed survey is required. Results obtained make it possible to expand potential directions of economic theory improvement and development. This paper has, to a greater extent, a prearranged character, is innovative by its nature and may be interesting for experts specialized in economy and related disciplines.