Ihe nrite Nobel

Ihe nrite Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen    ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel bụ onye Sweden na-emepụta kemịkal, injinia, na onye na-emepụta ihe nke a maara nke ọma maka imepụta dynamite. Ọ nwụrụ na 1896. N'ime testament ya, o nyere "ihe onwunwe ya niile fọdụrụnụ" ka e jiri ya guzobe ihe nrite ise nke a maara dị ka "Nobel Prizes". E nyere onyinye Nobel na mbụ na 1901.^[1]

A na-enye onyinye Nobel na ngalaba nke Physics, Chemistry, Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, Literature, na Peace (Nobel gosipụtara Peace Prize dị ka "onye mere ihe kachasị ma ọ bụ nke kachasị mma iji kwalite mkpakọrịta n'etiti mba, mwepụ ma ọ bụ mbelata nke ndị agha guzobe, na ịmepụta na ịkwalite nzukọ udo").^[2] N'afọ 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (ụlọ akụ etiti Sweden) kwadoro nguzobe nke Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, nke Nobel Foundation ga-achịkwa.^[2][3][4] A na-ewere ihe nrite Nobel dị ka ihe nrite kachasị mma dị na ngalaba ha.

^[5][6].^[7][8]A na-eme emume mmeri kwa afọ. Onye ọ bụla natara (nke a maara dị ka "laureate") na-enweta ihe nrite ọla edo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke nwere ọlaedo 24 karat, diplọma, na onyinye ego. N'afọ 2021, onyinye ego Nobel Prize bụ 10,000,000 SEK.^[9] N'afọ 2023, a ga-amụba onyinye ego ahụ ruo SEK 11,000,000.^[10] Enwere ike ịghara ịkekọrịta ihe nrite n'etiti ihe karịrị mmadụ atọ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike inye onyinye Nobel Peace Prize na òtù nke ihe karịrị mmadụ misato.^[11] Ọ bụ ezie na anaghị enye onyinye Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ bụrụ na enyere mmadụ ihe nrite ma nwụọ tupu ya enwee ya, a na-enye ya ihe nrite ahụ.^[12]

N'ịbụ ihe nnọchianya nke ihe ịga nke ọma sayensị ma ọ bụ nke edemede nke a na-amata n'ụwa niile, a na-egosikarị ihe nrite Nobel na akụkọ ifo. A na-enye onyinye Nobel na ngalaba nke Physics, Chemistry, Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, Literature, na Peace (Nobel gosipụtara Peace Prize dị ka "onye mere ihe kachasị ma ọ bụ nke kachasị mma iji kwalite mkpakọrịta n'etiti mba, mwepụ ma ọ bụ mbelata nke ndị agha guzobe, na ịmepụta na ịkwalite nzukọ udo").^[13] N'afọ 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (ụlọ akụ etiti Sweden) kwadoro nguzobe nke Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, nke Nobel Foundation ga-achịkwa.^[13][14][15] A na-ewere ihe nrite Nobel dị ka ihe nrite kachasị mma dị na ngalaba ha.

^[16][17]

a gụnyere ihe nkiri dịka The Prize (1963), Nobel Son (2007), na The Wife (2017) banyere akụkọ ifo nke akụkọ ndị gbara ezigbo ihe nrite gburugburu dị ka Nobel Chor, ihe nkiri 2012 nke dabeere na ohi nke ihe nrite Rabindranath Tagore.^[18]

E meghere ihe oyiyi na akara ncheta Planet of Alfred Nobel na Mahadum Alfred Nobel nke Economics and Law na Dnipro, Ukraine na 2008. N'ụwa, e nwere ihe osise 802 nke ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel nke e ji ngwakọta jikọta ihe e nwetara mgbe a na-atụfu mgbọ ogbunigwe ndị agha.

1. ↑ Alfred Nobel's will – The establishment of the Nobel Prize. www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved on 8 December 2020.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Alfred Nobel's will – The establishment of the Nobel Prize. www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved on 8 December 2020.
3. ↑ All Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved on 6 October 2022.
4. ↑ Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.
5. ↑ Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey 201. IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019.
6. ↑ Shalev, p. 8
7. ↑ Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey 201. IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019.
8. ↑ Shalev, p. 8
9. ↑ The Nobel Prize amounts. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved on 12 October 2021.
10. ↑ The Nobel Prize amounts. The Nobel Prize. Retrieved on 29 September 2023.
11. ↑ Schmidhuber (2010). Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th century. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved on 9 October 2010.
12. ↑ "Montreal-born doctor gets posthumous Nobel honour", CBC News, 3 October 2011. Retrieved on 3 October 2011.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1} Alfred Nobel's will – The establishment of the Nobel Prize. www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved on 8 December 2020.
14. ↑ All Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved on 6 October 2022.
15. ↑ Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.
16. ↑ Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey 201. IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019.
17. ↑ Shalev, p. 8
18. ↑ Brodesco (2018). "Nobel laureates in fiction: From La fin du monde to The Big Bang Theory" (in en). Public Understanding of Science 27 (4): 458–470. DOI:10.1177/0963662518766476. ISSN 0963-6625. PMID 29720058.